Altai nature is unique. Amazing combination natural conditions created a unique look for its landscapes. Here you can find lush meadows dazzling with herbs, and steppes dried up by the heat, dull mountain tundra and luxurious coniferous forests.
However, the true miracle of Altai is the zone of high mountain belts. These are alpine and subalpine meadows, playing with all the colors of the rainbow, like magical flower beds created by the hand of a sorcerer.
This is also the border zone of the forest, where the mighty centuries-old cedars, like the epic heroes, guard the secrets of the majestic rocks. These are wonderful springs, carrying their crystal streams from the eternal snows, resting on the sky-high peaks of the mountains.
The main features of the vegetation cover of Altai are due to its geographical position, complex geological history, and a variety of climatic conditions.
The great length of the Altai territory both from north to south and from west to east predetermines the extraordinary diversity of its flora.
More than 2000 plant species grow on the territory of Altai. There are about 660 species of useful plants directly used by humans. Many types of plants can be both medicinal and food, and vitamin-rich, and poisonous at the same time.
Group medicinal plants - one of the largest. Widely used in mainstream medicine golden root, thick-leaved bergenia, valerian officinalis, Ural licorice, azure blue, peony, dandelion, bird highlander, safflower rape.
Food plants in the flora of the region are 149 species. Edible and widely consumed stalks of hogweed, angelica, Siberian skerda, ranks of Gmelin, sorrel leaves, rhubarb, bracken fern, flask, berry plants, wild onions... The stocks of raw materials for some food plants are quite large, but some need protection - rhubarb, flask, fern.
The flora of Altai is unique - more than 100 plant species are found only in Altai and nowhere else in the world. it endemic, which arose here in the process of evolutionary development, among which most of them are especially valuable medicinal plants, for example, a red brush.
The flora of the Altai Territory includes 32 relict species... it siberian linden, European hoof, sweet bedstraw, giant fescue, Siberian brunner, floating salvinia, water nut other.
The Red Book of Russia (1988) includes ten plant species growing in the Altai Territory: siberian kandyk, Ludwig's iris, Zalessky feather grass, pubescent feather grass, feather grass, Altai onion, steppe peony, Altai gymnosperm, Altai stellofopsis.
Altai is rightfully considered one of the most environmentally friendly places not only in Russia, but also in the world. There are eight sites on the list of UNESCO World Natural Heritage Sites in Russia. Five of them are located in Altai. These are the Katunsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve, Belukha, Altai State Natural Reserve, Lake Teletskoye and the Ukok Quiet Zone.
Research carried out at the initiative of WWF (World wildlife) within the framework of the Living Planet program, showed that there are about two hundred regions on the planet Earth, in which 95% of all types of living organisms are concentrated. They got the name uh coregions (ecological regions).
By preserving these regions, humanity will be able to preserve more than 95% of the planet's existing biological diversity. Altai is included in the list of 200 unique ecoregions of the world (Global 200). Protecting this truly unique corner of nature is important matter both the population of Altai and all mankind.
Harvesting of medicinal herbs
Medicinal plants are our green gold and must be handled wisely. With a rational approach to the collection of medicinal plants, their reserves will be renewed. Today, the reserves of many medicinal herbs and plants are rapidly declining, some of them are about to disappear altogether.
There are certain rules for the collection of medicinal plants that must be adhered to by both professional collectors and those who collect herbs for own needs.
The ancient herbalists indicated the exact date of collection of a particular plant, when the plant has the greatest healing properties. Often this date was associated with church holidays - "in the Petrov post on dew ...", "to collect on the eve of Ivan Kupala", etc.
If there are few plants in the places of planned harvesting, it is necessary to find other places of mass growth. Annuals can be collected in the same place every two years. Re-harvesting of perennial plants in one area is recommended after 7-10 years, depending on the characteristics of growth. At least 50% of individuals should be left in the collection area to ensure stock recovery.
Medicinal plants change their composition according to the seasons, days of the month, and even hours of the day. The sun and the moon affect the biochemical composition of plants. Often in old recipes it is written that this or that plant must be harvested on a full moon or "when the month is at a loss," or even "on a moonless night." According to astrological guidelines, during the waxing moon, juices and energy are directed to the sky, filling the terrestrial part of the vegetation, during the waning moon, they fill the earth and underground organs of plants. The full moon is the most unfavorable period for gathering.
IN folk medicine there is a strong belief about the especially healing properties of herbs collected on July 7, the day of Ivan Kupala, and herbs collected at dawn have the maximum effect. Some of the Russian herbalists were engaged in collecting herbs, involving assistants, only on the specified day.
These guidelines must be heeded.
In order to preserve as many nutrients as possible in plants, certain conditions must be observed when collecting and drying plants, which can be found in special literature.
Every year interest in medicinal plants increases, they are harvested more and more, the number of herbalists is steadily increasing. In this regard, some endangered medicinal plants have already entered the Red Book. We need to help nature maintain balance. To do this, you need to skillfully, carefully handle its wealth, in particular, with medicinal herbs.
Below are the most common herbs, plants, berries and mushrooms of Altai, which are used for food and medicinal purposes. This is a description of a small part of all plants suitable for food and treatment. The site format does not allow to include all medicinal herbs, plants, berries and mushrooms growing in Altai. But acquaintance with only a small part of them will give the reader an idea of \u200b\u200bthe variety of their medicinal and nutritional qualities.
Medicinal herbs
Badan thick-leaved – Bergenia crassifolia L.
Saxifrage family - Saxifragaceae Juss
Popular name: Mongolian, or Chagir tea.
Badan thick-leaved is a perennial herb of the saxifrage family.
It grows in Altai - on the slopes of the mountains, more often in the north, on stony soils, blocks, rocks, as well as in dark coniferous (cedar, fir) and deciduous forests. Due to the branching of the rhizome, it forms dense dense thickets.
In medicine, extract of leaves and rhizomes is used, it has astringent, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and disinfecting properties... It is also used to treat colitis, enterocolitis, stomatitis, gingivitis, and cervical erosion.
In folk medicine, infusions and decoctions of badan rhizomes are recommended as astringent, hemostatic, disinfectant and anti-febrile agent, for diseases of the oral cavity, nose, for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, female diseases, headache, fever, for wound healing, with pneumonia.
Badan leaves are widely used for diarrhea, fever. Tea from old leaves of the plant is used for diseases of the urinary tract, goiter, toothache. After soaking, rhizomes are eaten. Powder from the dry roots of bergenia is sprinkled on wounds and ulcers to speed up their healing.
Contraindications: hypotension, tachycardia, hemorrhoids, thrombophlebitis, bowel disease with a tendency to constipation.
Galega officinalis - Galega officinalis L.
Legume family - Fabaceae
Popular name: medicinal goat's rue.
Medicinal galega - The galega is found in wet places in meadows, along river banks, along gullies, forest edges.
The aerial part of the plant in the form of decoctions and infusions is used for diabetes mellitus.
Leaves and flowers are included in antidiabetic fees. They have been used for a long time in folk medicine as diuretic, diaphoretic, lactogenic, anthelmintic agent.
Internal use of galega officinalis requires great care, since the plant poisonous.
Elecampane high - Inula helenium L.
Compositae family - Compositae
Perennial herb. Distributed in Altai in the forest and forest-steppe zones. It grows along the banks of rivers, lakes, in wet meadows, in places where groundwater flows out, among shrubs, in deciduous forests, on the outskirts of villages (like a wild one). Elecampane tall refers to the ancient medicinal plants, which were widely used in their time by the doctors of the era of Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Pliny. This plant was used in the practice of Avicenna. Pliny wrote that elecampane grew out of the tears of Elena, the daughter of Zeus and Leda, whose abduction by Paris, according to legend, was the pretext for the Trojan War.
Decoction elecampane apply
- with bronchitis,
- bronchial asthma,
- pneumonia,
- emphysema,
- pulmonary tuberculosis;
- diseases of the digestive tract (gastritis with increased secretion, enterocolitis, diarrhea of \u200b\u200bnon-infectious origin, pancreatitis, in the absence of appetite);
- liver diseases,
- skin diseases (with eczema, neurodermatitis and other dermatoses and wounds that are difficult to heal),
- in folk medicine - with helminthic invasion,
- painful and irregular periods
- anemia,
- kidney disease,
- hemorrhoids,
- diabetes mellitus,
- dropsy
- hypertension
Infusion of elecampane used for:
with pneumonia,
bronchitis,
tracheitis,
a cold
with high blood pressure,
hemorrhoids
as a blood purifier for various skin diseases.
Ointment elecampane is used for eczema and itching of the skin.
Juice - for coughs and bronchial asthma.
Tincture - with malaria.
Essence from fresh roots and rhizomes is used in homeopathy. In Bulgarian folk medicine, tincture - for palpitations, headaches, epilepsy, whooping cough.
Rhizomes and roots of elecampane are part of expectorant, gastric, diuretic charges.
Contraindications and possible side effects: elecampane is not recommended for use in severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, during pregnancy. It should be remembered that high elecampane preparations can only be used as directed by a doctor. In case of an overdose, symptoms of poisoning may appear.
Oregano - Origanum vulgare L.
Family of labiates- Lamiacea
Popular name: dushmyanka, motherboard.
Perennial herb. Oregano is widespread in Altai. Usually grows in groups of several plants on sandy loam and loamy dry and fresh soils in coniferous and mixed forests, on their edges, clearings and clearings, on dry and floodplain meadows.
The medicinal properties of the plant are mentioned in the works of Dioscorides, Aristotle, Aristophanes. According to Avicenna, oregano was used in ancient times for joint diseases, liver and stomach treatment. It was recommended to chew the herb for toothache and to remove stones from the teeth.
Oregano is part of the sedative collection for the treatment of neuroses, breast and diaphoretic fees, it is prescribed for intestinal atony.
In obstetric and gynecological practice, the infusion is for amenorrhea, baths - for gynecological diseases.
In homeopathy, the essence is for hysteria, erotomania, nymphomania.
In folk medicine infusion of oregano used for:
- acute respiratory diseases,
- whooping cough,
- gastritis,
- stomach cramps
- hepatitis,
- diarrhea,
- dyspepsia,
- asthenia,
- bronchial asthma,
- rheumatism,
- neuralgia,
infusion, decoction (locally) –
- with itchy eczema,
- other skin diseases (as a wound healing agent).
Juice oregano is used for:
- with rheumatism,
- paralysis,
- convulsions
- epilepsy,
- pain in the intestines,
- disorders of the menstrual cycle,
- with decreased secretion of gastric juice,
- intestinal atony and bloating,
- with constipation,
- to stimulate appetite,
- improving digestion,
- for a cold
- with various gynecological diseases;
- has a pain reliever,
- tranquilizing,
- hemostatic and
- deodorizing effect;
outwardly - with skin rashes, furunculosis, abscesses, headache.
In folk medicine it is a part of balms and ointments - for neuralgia, rheumatism, paralysis, paresis, toothache and ear pain.
Contraindications to the use of oregano preparations are serious diseases of the cardiovascular system, pregnancy.
St. John's wort – Hepericum perforatum L.
Hypericum family - Hypericaceae
Perennial herb.
Distributed almost over the entire territory of Altai.
Grows on fresh sandy loam and sous clay soils in pine and mixed forests, in clearings, clearings, on fallow lands, on roads.
Rarely forms large thickets (usually on fallow lands), more often it grows in narrow stripes along forest edges.
In the old days, St. John's wort was considered magic plant... IN countrysideWhen filling mattresses for children, the Bogorodsk herb (thyme) was necessarily added to the straw so that the child had sweet dreams, and St. John's wort, so that the smell of this plant would protect the child from fear in his sleep.
And adult boys and girls were guessing on the stalks of St. John's wort. They twist it in their hands and see what kind of juice will appear: if it is red, then it loves, if it is colorless, it does not. The old people believed that St. John's wort drives away evil spirits, diseases and protects a person from the attack of wild animals. The Germans called it the palace, because they believed that St. John's wort drives out devils and brownies.
St. John's wort was considered a medicinal plant in ancient Greece and Rome. Hippocrates, Dioscorides, Pliny the Elder, Avicenna wrote about him. It is popularly called the herb for 99 diseases, and there was practically no collection that did not include St. John's wort as the main or auxiliary medicine.
The herb St. John's wort (Herba Hyperici) is used as a medicinal raw material, that is, the tops of the stems with flowers, leaves, buds and partially unripe fruits. St. John's wort is harvested in the flowering phase of the plant, before the appearance of unripe fruits.
In folk medicine use a decoction of St. John's wortat:
- stomach ulcer
- increased acidity of gastric juice,
- gout,
- sciatica,
- rheumatism,
- scrofula,
- hemorrhoids,
- with nocturnal enuresis in children,
- diarrhea,
- nervous diseases,
- with diseases of the oral cavity.
In folk medicine st. John's wort juicei'm at:
- bronchial asthma,
- colds,
- hypotension,
- scurvy,
- inject,
- stomatitis,
- gingivitis
- gallstone disease,
- kidney disease,
- cystitis,
- urinary incontinence in children,
- gastritis,
- bloody diarrhea,
- liver diseases,
- jaundice
- nervous diseases,
- headache,
- anemia,
- uterine bleeding,
- hemorrhoids,
- cough
- with decreased appetite,
- rheumatism.
Essential oil - for the treatment of burns, leg ulcers, gastric and duodenal ulcers. St. John's wort oil (externally) - as a wound healing agent, internally - on the recommendation of a doctor for gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer.
Hypericum seeds have a strong laxative effect and have antibacterial activity.
Contraindications: St. John's wort herb can cause discomfort in the liver and a feeling of bitterness in the mouth, constipation, decreased appetite. Since St. John's wort increases blood pressure, it is advisable to prescribe it to persons suffering from hypertension only as part of the collection.
“Just as bread cannot be baked without flour, so many diseases of people and animals cannot be cured without hypericum,” people say.
Ivan – narrow-leaved tea –Chamaenerion angustifolium L.
The fireweed family - Onagraceae
Popular name: fireweed, Kapor tea.
Perennial herb.
Distributed almost over the entire territory of Altai. It grows on fresh sandy loam and loamy soils in clearings, clearings in coniferous and mixed forests, near ditches, on drained peat bogs, along railway embankments.
Ivan tea is also called Kaporye tea after the name of the village of Kapory in Leningrad region, where it was first used in Russia instead of Chinese tea.
For medicinal purposes, use the herb, leaves, flowers of the plant, which are harvested during flowering.
In folk medicine ivan tea is used at:
- constipation
- whites,
- headache,
- and also as an astringent, emollient, enveloping and wound healing;
decoction (in the form of rinsing)
- with tonsillitis;
inside
- with gastritis,
- colitis,
- bleeding
- anemia,
- acute respiratory diseases.
Decoction and infusion of ivan tea
- anti-inflammatory,
- astringent,
- emollient,
- diaphoretic,
- sedative,
- anticonvulsant,
- with gastrointestinal diseases,
- gastritis,
- colitis,
- ulcers of the stomach and intestines,
- metabolic disorders,
- anemia,
- headache,
- scrofula,
- insomnia
- scurvy,
- gonorrhea,
- syphilis,
- as a cardiac stimulating agent.
Outwardly - for washing wounds, ulcers; poultices - as an analgesic for otitis media, bruises, arthralgia; powder - for the treatment of infected wounds.
Side effects: With prolonged use of fireweed tea, gastrointestinal disturbances may occur.
Tea penny, red root - Hedysarum thenium L.
Legume family - Fabaceae
The kopeck pot is a perennial herb with a thick, long, woody, powerful root (up to 5 m). The kopeck pot is found in subalpine meadows, river banks, streams, in the subalpine zone.
The penny is used as:
- anti-inflammatory
- immunomodulating agent,
- with inflammation of the prostate gland
- female diseases,
- with tuberculosis,
- bronchitis,
- pneumonia.
As an expectorant, it is used for respiratory diseases, acute gastrointestinal diseases.
Elm-leaved meadowsweet -Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim
Family of rosaceae - Rosaceae
The meadowsweet is a large perennial herb. The meadowsweet is found almost throughout the entire territory of Altai, grows in wet meadows, swamps, along the banks of water bodies, in damp forests and bushes, along forest edges, glades, clearings and fries. 
Decoctions of roots, herbs, meadowsweet flowers are used for:
- gastrointestinal diseases,
- epilepsy,
- rheumatism,
- gout,
- diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract,
- hemorrhoids,
- in the form of enemas for leucorrhoea;
- with snake and rabid animal bites,
- nervous diseases,
- hypertension,
- as an anthelmintic.
Tincture of herbs in alcohol is used to treat trophic ulcers, wounds and burn surfaces.
Broth, infusion of herbs, flowers are used for fever and colds as a diaphoretic and diuretic.
Flowers and grass are used instead of tea, young leaves are used for soups, borscht and salads.
Leuzea safflower (maral root) - Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.)
Compositae family - Compositae
Leuzea is a perennial plant. It is usually found in alpine and subalpine high-grass meadows, sometimes enters the alpine tundra, and is common in the Altai mountains.
Leuzea liquid extract is used for:
- functional disorders of the nervous system,
- reduced efficiency,
- mental fatigue and loss of strength,
- chronic alcoholism,
- impotence,
- to regulate blood pressure.
In folk medicine, rhizomes, roots (sometimes grass) are used in the form of infusions, decoctions, tinctures on vodka as a stimulant in case of loss of strength, insomnia, fatigue, after severe illnesses, with impotence, excessive irritability.
Contraindications:pregnancy, age up to 15 years. Long-term use of Leuzea drugs can cause a persistent increase in blood pressure, a slowdown in the rhythm and an increase in the amplitude of heart contractions,
Burdock large-Arctium lappa L.
Aster family - Asteracea
Large biennial herb. Distributed almost over the entire territory of Altai.
In medicine, burdock is used in the form of infusions.
Infusion of burdock is drunk with:
- treatment of gastritis,
- stomach ulcers
- rickets,
- constipation,
- fever,
- with delays in menstruation,
- to normalize metabolism,
- activity of the liver and pancreas,
- diabetes mellitus,
- kidney stone disease,
- gallstone disease,
- deposits of salts in the joints, etc.
In folk medicine, burdock root is known as a powerful diuretic, diaphoretic and blood-purifying agent. Burdock seeds also have a strong diuretic effect, but they are rarely used, since their collection is laborious.
IN folk medicine burdock is used both externally in the form of an ointment and internally. Traditional medicine recommends using all parts of the plant fresh, in the form of extracts, as well as in the form of decoctions and infusions. Infusion of burdock roots is used for inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, kidney and cholelithiasis, for rheumatism and gout.
An infusion or decoction from burdock root is prescribed as a diuretic and choleretic agent, as well as an anti-febrile agent, for diabetes mellitus, pulmonary tuberculosis, in case of salt metabolism disorders.
Traditional medicine also recommends seeds and the whole fresh plant inside as a diuretic and diaphoretic, remedy for colds and fevers, edema, hemorrhages and intoxication from insect bites and poisonous snakes.
Common cuff - Alchemilla vulgaris L.
Family of rosaceae - Rosaceae Popular name: pectoral, ailing herb.
Perennial herbaceous creeping plant of the Rosaceae family.
In the Middle Ages, alchemists used the dew gathering on the leaves of the cuff as “heavenly dew”, with the help of which they tried to look for the “philosopher's stone” - hence the origin of the Latin name of the plant “alchemilla”. In Western Europe in the Middle Ages, the cuff was known as a magical herb.
For a long time it was believed that if you wash your face in the morning with dew collected from the leaves of the cuff, then your former beauty returns to the person. Until now, in some countries, and especially in Switzerland, women wipe their face with dew-covered leaves to remove freckles and remove acne.
Distributed throughout the Altai, grows in forests, on wet soils, on dry and wet meadows, river banks, near houses.
For medicinal purposes, the stem, leaves, flowers and rhizome of the common cuff are used. The leaves are harvested from spring to July and air dried in the shade. It is necessary to collect them when the morning dew or drops of water, actively secreted by the plant on wet nights, dry up.
Used in traditional medicine cuff infusion (inside) at:
- kidney disease
- bladder,
- colitis with diarrhea,
- gastritis,
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum,
- bronchitis,
- a cold
- atherosclerosis;
- ulcers
- wounds,
- inflammation of the eyes,
- nosebleeds,
- to kill acne,
- furunculosis;
as poultice - with dislocations.
Juice, infusion externally (in the form of lotions) - for tumors, wounds, eye diseases; in the form of douching - with leucorrhoea, bleeding; in the form of compresses - for dislocations.
Lungwort - Pulmonaria officinalis L.
Borage family - Boraginaceae
Popular name: water springs, spotted grass, pulmonary root.
Widespread in Altai, grows in thickets, among bushes, in deciduous forests.
In folk medicine use lungwort:
- to replenish iodine deficiency in the body,
- with diseases of the upper respiratory tract,
- pneumonia,
- pulmonary tuberculosis,
- bronchial asthma,
- as a means of regulating the activity of the endocrine glands,
- improves blood formation,
- as a pain reliever and diuretic.
The crushed leaves are applied to purulent wounds for healing, or they are washed with a strong solution. Wounds are also covered with powder from dry leaves.
Juice, infusion externally - for tumors, wounds, eye diseases; in the form of douching - with leucorrhoea, bleeding; in the form of compresses - for dislocations.
Lungwort greens can be used for spring vitamin salads and soups.
Contraindications: individual intolerance to iodine preparations.
Common bracken – Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.
Family of millipedes - Polypodiaceae
Large fern with dissected leaves. Distributed to the globe almost everywhere.
Young shoots and leaves of bracken are edible. In the spring, young leaves are harvested, when the leaf blade has not yet unfolded, they are immediately processed and salted.
Salads, spices and independent dishes are prepared from them.
In folk medicine, a decoction of bracken roots was taken as anthelmintic, laxative, diuretic, antipyretic and pain reliever.
Outwardly, rhizomes were used for skin diseases.
Orthilia one-sided – Orthilia secunda L.
Grushankov family - Pyrolaceae
Popular name: upland uterus, ramishia one-sided, upland grass, borovinka, wine grass, wine, pear, hare salt, zymosol, forest pear.
It is found in Altai mainly in the middle and southern taiga and in the subtaiga, as well as in deciduous and mixed forests, sometimes in forest meadows with shrubs and woodlands. It is found mainly in areas with a humid climate.
Orthilia one-sided is widely used in medicine to treat:
- gynecological diseases of an inflammatory nature,
- fibroids of the uterus,
- infertility
- uterine bleeding
- toxicosis,
- menstrual irregularities,
- adhesive processes,
- obstruction and inflammation of the tubes,
- as a disinfectant for inflammatory processes in the kidneys and bladder,
- with cystitis,
- pyelonephritis,
- with inflammation of the prostate gland,
- hemorrhoids,
- urinary incontinence in adults and children,
- acute ear inflammation (purulent).
Contraindications: individual intolerance, pregnancy.
Common tansy –Tanacetum vulgare L.
Compositae family - Compositae
Popular name: immortal grass, wild mountain ash, nine, nine.
A perennial herb with a strong camphor odor. Distributed throughout the Altai. Grows on dry and fresh sandy loam, loamy and clay soils in light, mixed, broadleaf forests, along the edges, glades, along the road shoulders. Plant venomouslyespecially inflorescences!
Tansy preparations have choleretic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihelminthic, astringent and anti-febrile action.
They contraindicated pregnant women and young children.
Tansy is prescribed for diseases:
- liver and gallbladder,
- with inflammatory processes in the small and large intestine,
- bladder,
- and also for malaria.
Its infusion has an antiseptic and diaphoretic effect, improves digestion and appetite.
In folk medicine infusion of tansy is used for:
- to expel roundworms and pinworms,
- with gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis),
- diseases of the liver and gallbladder (hepatitis, cholecystitis),
- nervous disorders
- headache,
- female diseases,
- fever
- arterial hypotension;
Powder (with honey or sugar syrup) - with ascariasis, enterobiasis.
Tansy juice is used for:
- intoxications caused by pulmonary tuberculosis,
- fever
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum,
- gout,
- rheumatism,
- nervous diseases,
- epilepsy,
- migraine,
- headache,
- aching joints
- low acidity,
- infectious and acute respiratory diseases,
- inflammation of the small and large intestines, bladder, kidneys;
- with urolithiasis,
- violation of the menstrual cycle and heavy menstruation;
- has a hypnotic effect;
externally (in the form of baths and compresses):
- for the treatment of sluggish wounds and ulcers,
- with scabies,
- gout,
- inflammation of the joints;
in the form of microclysters - to drive out roundworms and pinworms.
In France, tansy flowers are used as an antihelminthic, antifebrile, antiseptic, gastrointestinal agent.
Contraindications and side effects: treatment of common tansy must be carried out under the supervision of a doctor, since the plant is poisonous. Pregnant women and young children should not be prescribed tansy preparations. In case of an overdose, indigestion, vomiting occurs, and with a large dose, convulsions.
Peony evading – Paeonia anomala L. +
Peony family - Paeoniaceae
Popular name: unusual peony, Maryin root.
Perennial herb. A rare endangered species included in the Red Book. It grows in sparse coniferous and deciduous forests, in tall-grass and taiga meadows, on the edges and forest glades, in birch copses. In the mountains, it is most abundant in light forests at the upper limit of woody vegetation. The plant is very poisonous!
The name of the genus Paeonia is found in Theophrastus and comes from the Greek word paionis healing, healing, healing. Greek legend connects this flower with the name of the doctor Paeon, who healed God. underworld Pluto from the wounds inflicted on him by Hercules. Paeon's teacher Aesculap, envying his student, decided to poison him. But the gods saved Paeon by turning him into a flower.
According to another legend, the plant got its name from the Thracian area of \u200b\u200bPaeonia, where it grew in large numbers.
Peony in Ancient Greece and in the Middle Ages in Europe was referred to as miraculous medicinal plants, which helps with choking, gout. Peony roots have long been used (1st century AD) in China and are part of anti-cancer funds.
IN traditional medicine use a tincture of a mixture of roots and herbs as sedative for insomnia, vegetative-vascular disorders. Under the action of the drug, sleep improves, headaches caused by stress and overwork decrease, and efficiency increases.
In folk medicine, especially in the Tibetan and the local population of Siberia, the evading peony is used more widely. Peony seeds and alcohol tincture rhizomes use with impotence due to diabetes.
Water infusion and alcoholic tincture are used for:
- urolithiasis,
- liver diseases,
- pulmonary tuberculosis,
- whooping cough,
- bronchitis.
Plantain large-Plantago major L.
Plantain family - Plantaginaceae
Popular name: fellow traveler, wounded man, seven-dwelling.
Perennial herb.
The plantain is distinguished by extraordinary fertility and per season produces several tens of thousands of seeds, which in autumn bad weather adhere together with mud to the footwear of pedestrians, the hooves of horses and cows, the wheels of cars and quickly take over new spaces. Thus, our weed swam across the ocean, and the Indians began to call it "the white man's footprint."
Large plantain grows throughout Siberia, does not form large thickets. It grows like a weed along roads, near dwellings, in flooded meadows, vegetable gardens, orchards.
Infusionfrom the leaves of the large plantain renders expectorant action and is used as an adjuvant for bronchitis, whooping cough, bronchial asthma, tuberculosis.
Juice from fresh plantain leaves is effective for:
- chronic gastritis,
- peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum with normal or low acidity of gastric juice.
Patients note, when treated with juice from plantain leaves, a decrease or disappearance of pain and dyspeptic symptoms, an improvement in appetite. By the end of the course of treatment, muscle tension and soreness of the abdominal wall during palpation, spastic phenomena in the large intestine disappear, and the acidity of gastric juice increases.
The presence of phytoncides in a plant determines antimicrobial action drugs.
Water infusion and fresh juice from the leaves of the plant promotes rapid cleansing and wound healing... These drugs are used in the form of lotions and washes for bruises, fresh cuts and wounds, for chronic ulcers, fistulas, abscesses, boils.
Pentaphylloides bush-Pentaphylloides fruticosa (L.) O. Sehwarz.
Family Rosaceae - Rosaceae
Popular name: Kuril tea.
Kuril tea is an erect or sprawling shrub of the Rosaceae family 20–150 cm high. Kuril tea grows in the valleys of mountain rivers, along the pebble and sandy banks of these rivers and the slopes of mountains in Altai and in the East Kazakhstan region.
Kuril tea is close to real tea in composition, content of biologically active substances and mineral elements. However, Kuril tea is still healthier for human health.
It was found that the plant exhibits bactericidal, antiallergic, hepatoprotective, antiviral, immunostimulating and antidiabetic properties.
IN gynecological practice Kuril tea is used for:
- erosion of the cervix,
- profuse menstruation
- uterine bleeding.
A thick broth of Kuril tea is used as a rinse for tonsillitis, stomatitis and other diseases of the oral cavity.
A decoction of the leaves and flowers of Kuril tea in folk medicine is prescribed for inflammatory liver diseases as choleretic and with fever like diaphoretic.
Infusion of Kuril tea is used for bloody diarrhea as hemostatic and an appetite-improving agent, as well as for various neuropsychiatric diseases and blood diseases.
Rhodiola rosea (golden root) - Rhodiola rosea L.
Tolstyankov family - Crassulaceae Rhodiola rosea is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant.“The one who finds the golden root will be lucky and healthy until the end of his days, he will live for two centuries,” says an old Altai belief.
For several centuries, Chinese emperors have equipped expeditions in search of Rhodiola rosea and smugglers smuggled it across the border.
Rhodiola rosea is common in Altai. Grows in stony river valleys, on the northern slopes of ridges with abundant flowing moisture, the presence a large number fine earth and silt particles. 
The people fell in love with tea from the golden root with the addition of blackberry leaves, raspberries, strawberries, black currants, thyme herb, St. John's wort flowers, and cinquefoil shrubs. Such a drink, usually prescribed for hard physical or mental work, restores metabolism, has a tonic property. It is prescribed for disorders of the stomach and intestines, colds and oncology.
Contraindications: individual intolerance to the components of the product, pregnancy and lactation, diabetes mellitus, increased nervous excitability, insomnia, high blood pressure, heart failure, severe atherosclerosis, admission in the evening. It is recommended to consult a doctor before use.
Thyme creeping (thyme) - Thymus serpillum L.
Lamb family - LamiaceaeThe popular name is thyme, cap, Bogorodskaya grass, zhadobnik, mukhopal, lemon scent.
Perennial strongly branched dwarf shrub, creeping along the ground, forming dense sodds. Grows mainly in the steppe zone. Inhabits the southern slopes, rocks, stony and sandy steppes, steppe meadows, along the edges and glades of pine forests, on stony and gravelly, slightly turf slopes. Infusion of flowering herb thyme or dried herb is used for pulmonary diseases as expectorant, disinfectant means.
Infusion of thyme herb for inhalation is used for inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity.
In case of kidney diseases, thyme infusion is used orally as diuretic and a disinfectant.
A decoction of thyme is used in the treatment of:
- alcoholism,
- as an antiseptic for disinfecting the oral cavity,
- as an anthelmintic.
Thyme is used as a spice and as a seasoning for various dishes.
Thyme preparations contraindicated during pregnancy, decompensation of cardiac activity, decreased thyroid function, acute inflammatory kidney disease.
Yarrow-Achillea millefolium L.
Compositae family - Asteraceae
A perennial herb that grows in dry meadows, on steppe slopes and in sparse forests, along roadsides, at the edges of fields and in garden plots.
It has a diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, bactericidal and hemostatic effect; enhances bile secretion.
It is a part of gastric and appetizing teas - preparations of yarrow improve digestion, especially with secretory insufficiency of the glands of the stomach, collections of yarrow with nettle are prescribed as a hemostatic agent for internal and external bleeding.
Yarrow is used as:
- a hemostatic agent for local bleeding - nose, dental, from small wounds, abrasions, scratches,
- with pulmonary and uterine bleeding, fibroids, inflammatory processes, hemorrhoidal bleeding;
- with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - colitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer;
- colds of the respiratory tract;
- also recommended for inflammation of the biliary and urinary tract,
- bedwetting.
Contraindications for use. Some people, upon contact with yarrow, develop a severe skin rash, and not only when using it for baths, lotions and compresses as an external remedy, but also with a simple touch of the plant. If such rashes appear during treatment with yarrow, it must be immediately canceled.
The flora of the Altai Territory is rich and varied. The vegetation here was influenced and geological history development of the territory, and the climate, and a kind of relief. Almost all types of vegetation of northern and central Asia, East Kazakhstan, and the European part of Russia are found in Altai.
The region is famous for its abundant thickets of useful sea buckthorn shrub, which gives berries, from which the valuable medicinal product sea buckthorn oil is made. They grow along the banks of water bodies, in the floodplains of rivers and streams, on pebble and sandy soils of water bodies, in floodplains of pebbles, soils of water, in floodplains of pebbles, soils
Valerian (valerian) is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant with small flowerscollected in inflorescences. It is also called: pharmacy mountain, cat root, forty inflow grass. Herbaceous plant grows in most of the territory of Russia.
Dandelion has long been given great importance as a source of "life elixir". And this is not surprising if you know about its rare tonic properties. This plant was widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, as well as in folk cooking for preparing hot and cold dishes, as well as a drink that tastes like coffee. Dandelion has long been given great importance as a source of "life elixir". And this is not surprising if you know about its rare tonic properties. This plant was widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, as well as in folk cooking for preparing hot and cold dishes, as well as a drink that tastes like coffee.
Maryin root, or, as it is also called, evading peony. This plant grows mainly in the Siberian taiga. Maryin root is not only a very beautiful ornamental plant, but also extremely useful. The people called the plant the zhgun-grass because of the burning taste of its healing rhizomes. Unfortunately, due to the massive collection of this plant, its distribution in nature was significantly reduced, so the plant was listed in the Red Book. In medicine, underground and aboveground parts are used for the preparation of tinctures, which are prescribed as a sedative for insomnia, disorders of the nervous system
Spring adonis is also called: spring adonis, hare poppy, hare herb - perennial herbaceous plant with a short rhizome. It spreads in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, grows on chernozem soils on dry hillsides, forest glades, forest edges and among thickets of bushes. Spring adonis is grown as a medicinal and ornamental plant.
Licorice is a perennial herb of the legume family with a powerful root system. It forms large thickets along the solonetzic steppes and the banks of steppe rivers, on the sands, as well as in the fields of the steppe and semi-desert zones. Licorice root is also used for the manufacture of medicines in brewing, confectionery, cooking and for technical purposes.
There are a great many medicinal plants on the planet, but nettle can be called the real leader, who has received universal recognition. This is a truly unique herb, it is used in various spheres of human life. So, in the past, from the bast fibers obtained from nettle, they made threads, ropes, fishing nets, and also made very durable fabrics. In the 19th century, Europeans filtered honey through a nettle sieve and sieved flour.
Purpose:To form the ability to recognize and correctly name medicinal herbs.
Vocabulary work:infusion, decoction, medicinal plants
Preliminary work: a conversation about medicinal herbs, an excursion to the phyto-town and collection of medicinal herbs. Learning poetry, riddles.
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Medicinal plants of the Altai Territory
Purpose: To form the ability to recognize and correctly name medicinal herbs.
Vocabulary work:infusion, decoction, medicinal plants
Preliminary work: a conversation about medicinal herbs, an excursion to the phyto-town and collection of medicinal herbs. Learning poetry, riddles.
Course of the lesson
Children sit on high chairs.
Educator: Hello guys! I walked through the fields, meadows. I collected many medicinal plants, but I don’t know what they are called. Help me.
Growing in the meadow: chamomile(Slide 1)
Horse sorrel, (Slide 2) clover porridge, (Slide 3)
Burdock, (Slide 4) knotweed (Slide 5) and bell, (Slide 6)
Dandelion, (Slide 7) lily of the valley (Slide 8)
What else?
Plantain, (Slide 9) cornflowers, (Slide 10)
Nettle, (Slide 11) mint, (Slide 12) marigold. (Slide 13)
Many more different herbs
By the paths, by the grooves.
Both beautiful and fluffy!
Multi-colored and fragrant.
Guys, let's play the game "Learn and Tell". The teacher turns on a multimedia projector, and the children name the plant and talk about it according to the description algorithm.
The teacher complements the children's answers, specifies for what diseases a particular plant is used. For example: decoction of chamomile or calendula gargle with sore throat; plantain leaves are applied to the wound; a soothing tea is brewed from mint. Burdock roots are brewed, and then the head is washed with broth in case of hair loss.
Doctor Pillkin appears:Hello guys! What are you doing here? (Children's answers). What good fellows! Do you know how to correctly collect medicinal herbs? (Children answer, and Pillkin complements their answers).
At first: you need to take good care of medicinal herbs when you collect them, do not uproot, do not bring down flowers. You need to take good care of nature.
Secondly: during the collection of plants, do not touch your face with your hands and take your hands in your mouth, taste the leaves or roots of plants. After collection, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water.
Thirdly: The collected herbs should be dried out of direct sunlight and stored in bags or boxes in well-ventilated areas to maintain their medicinal properties.
Are you tired of sitting? let's have a physical education and play.
Repeat the movements after me.
I walk in the field, raise my legs (walking in place with a high knee lift)
I'll lean closer to the flowers
I will see all their beauty,
Delicate wonderful aroma
I'm glad to feel it too! (bend over, take a few sniffs)
I will not pick flowers (straighten the head turns to the right - to the left)
At the turn of the millennium, alternative medicine emerged from the underground once again and made traditional, evidence-based medicine a real competition. More and more people are turning to alternative or biological medicine, which cannot be imagined without the use of medicinal plants.
The number of adherents of herbal treatment is increasing every year. Biologically active substances that plants contain are capable of influencing the anatomy and physiology of humans in one way or another. With skillful and careful handling, natural medicines become our "green gold", capable of treating both mild and complex forms of diseases.
Professional herbalists, as well as those who collect herbs for their own use, know that the greatest health of plants depends on where they grow. The Altai Territory, in this sense, is a unique place on the scale not only of Russia, but of the entire globe.
Altai Territory is on the list of the most environmentally friendly places in the world. There are five UNESCO World Natural Heritage sites in Altai: Lake Teletskoye, Katunsky National Biosphere Reserve, Altai State Nature Reserve, Belukha Mountain and Ukok Plateau zone.
The amazing combination of biological diversity of this ecoregion is a true miracle and is protected by the global ecological community.
The unique appearance of the landscapes of the Altai Territory amazes everyone who happens to be among them:
Alpine and subalpine meadows, lush, mottled with herbs
luxurious coniferous forests, mighty centuries-old cedar groves
unique zone of high mountain belts
lakes and rivers, into which crystal springs flow, carrying their jets from the eternal ice resting on the tops of the mountains.
More than 3,000 plant species grow on the fertile and fertile soil of this magical corner of the planet. About 700 species are used directly by humans, almost 400 of them are medicinal, about 150 are listed in the Red Book, more than 100 unique specimens of herbs are found only here and in no other place.
Some species can be both medicinal and dangerous at the same time, containing both vitamins and useful biologically active components, and poisonous substances. There are certain collection and procurement rules medicinal herbs that must be followed.
There are periods or exact dates collection, often associated with church holidays: Peter fast, Ivan Kupala, etc., when the plant has a special healing properties
the biochemical composition of plants changes by day of the year, and by days of the month, and even by the hour of the day. For example, during the waxing moon, the juices rush up and fill the ground part of the plants, during the waning moon, the juices fill the ground and roots
rules for drying and preparation for storage, which must also be adhered to, etc.
If you listen to all the necessary instructions that can be found in special reference books, then the plants harvested for future use will retain the necessary useful and active substances. Since ancient times, people have proven its effectiveness different types natural medicines.
And now I will list some medicinal plants of the Altai Territory:
Rhodiola rosea (golden root)
The most famous plant, the first mention of its use for medicinal purposes dates back to the period more than 500 years ago. A certain symbol of the healing nature of the Altai land. In its action, it is similar to Eleutherococcus and ginseng, belongs to the group of stimulating drugs that increase immunity, mental abilities, reduce the impact of stressful situations and unfavorable factors environment.
Elecampane
People call it a cure for nine diseases. It was used by Hippocrates, in the Middle Ages, it was actively bred and used to treat masses of ailments and even plague. It enhances appetite, quickly restores the body after severe infectious diseases, normalizes the functioning of the stomach and intestines, and relieves inflammation.
St. John's wort
Brought to the royal court from Siberia in the seventeenth century. The sorcerers considered it a magical plant, used to heal various wounds.
Mother and stepmother
Tea from mother-and-stepmother was drunk in ancient Greece when coughing. Decoctions were used to increase hair growth, to treat burns and wounds.
Motherwort
Since the fifteenth century, its soothing properties have been known, in addition, it normalizes blood pressure, has a relaxing and hypnotic effect.
Yarrow
Since the time of Dioscorides, it has been used for healing, disinfecting wounds and as a hemostatic agent.
This is only a small part medicinal herbsgrowing in the Altai Territory. Bird highlander, azure cyanosis, thick-leaved bergenia, Ural licorice - you can long list the composition of this natural storehouse of health and healing energy.
Interest in the use of alternative remedies to treat diseases in recent times only growing. It is a long established fact that the human body tolerates the biochemical effects of medicinal herbs much better than the chemical effects of medications that are perceived as foreign. In addition, herbs, when used wisely, can successfully heal whole line diseases, they also prevent the emergence of new ones, rejuvenate and cleanse the body.
Several factors influenced the formation and distribution of vegetation in the region: the geological history of the development of the territory, a kind of relief and climate. Vegetable world The Altai Territory is rich, especially in the mountains, where there are 1,840 species, which is approximately 2.5 times more than in the West Siberian Plain.
In the Tertiary period, Altai had a warm and humid coastal climate, which favored the growth of subtropical vegetation - sequoia, cypress, gingo, walnut, beech, hornbeam, ash, linden and others.
During the Ice Age, deciduous subtropical forests died, and several types of tertiary plants, called relict, remained. Relict plants are found in the upper reaches of the river. Swans where linden grow, giant fescue, European hoof.
During the Quaternary, the glacier pushed Arctic vegetation far to the south. Representatives of the Arctic flora were widespread in Altai at that time. In the alpine belt, dozens of arctic species are still preserved, adapted to the conditions of high mountains.
Part plant species developed in isolation, so they developed traits unusual for their ancestors or similar plants. Such species are called endemics, including Altai sedge, Krylov's birch (shrub), Altai willows. There are more than 200 endemic plant species in the Altai mountains.
Geographic location influenced the formation of vegetation and its distribution. Altai Territory is located at the junction of large physical and geographical regions - the West Siberian Plain, the mountain belt of South Siberia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia. The plant species typical of neighboring regions are found in Altai, but they have acquired peculiar features: there are no purely Mongolian and Central Asian species.
In the placement of vegetation, you most clearly show zoning. In the flat part, the vegetation zones are replaced in the direction from west to east, for the same reasons as the soil. There are steppes at the western borders of the region; to the east of them, in a vast area - the Altai forest-steppe.
In the spring and early summer, in the steppes of the region, there is a beautiful carpet of herbs: bright large flowers of yellow, dark blue and pale pink tulips, delicate blue bells, fragrant carnations entwined with pea stalks stand out against the background of greenery.
In summer, the plants burn out and become yellow-brown, the dull picture is revived by the flowering feather grass. The wind sways the flexible silky plumes, and silvery waves are formed, which often move, being lost at the horizon.
In the forest-steppe, on chernozem soils, a continuous herbaceous cover is dominated by alfalfa, yarrow, bedstraw, vetch. On the soddy-podzolic soils of the forest-steppe, birch groves are located, occupying low, moist areas.
On sands and sandy soils, ribbon pine forests are widespread; they occupy the Priobskoe plateau along the valleys of the Kasmala and Barnaulka rivers and extend to the southwest, to the borders of the region.
In the Altai Mountains, three zones of vegetation can be clearly traced - steppe, forest and alpine (high-mountain). True steppes are located at the foot of the Kolyvan ridge and along the lower reaches of the Katun. Areas with steppe vegetation are found from foothills to high mountain areas. The low-mountain steppes are distinguished by forbs: anemone and geranium grow with an admixture of cereals - feather grass, fescue, fine-footed fescue and shrubs - honeysuckle, wild rose, bean, meadowsweet.
On the southern slopes of the mountains there are areas of rocky steppes, which are interrupted by talus and bare rocks. They have a sparse herbage, with a predominance of narrow-leaved grasses, such as fescue, feather grass, wheatgrass. The rocky steppes are pastures for sheep and goats.
The closed basins of the middle mountains, located along the Katun and its left tributaries, have steppe areas with fertile chernozem soils, on which cereal vegetation predominates: feather grass, fescue, steppe bluegrass with an admixture of alfalfa, sainfoin. In spring, perennials bloom - yellow and white buttercups, lumbago, bright yellow silky adonis, anemones.
Alpine dry steppes are located in the southeast of the Altai Mountains. In the upper reaches of the Chuya there are no forests, and dry steppes give way to alpine meadows. In dry steppes, Altai and Mongolian plant species grow, adapted to the harsh conditions of high-mountain semi-deserts. These are very low, creeping plants, their leaves are tough, pubescent with fine hairs. In the Kurai steppe, wormwood, fescue, and cinquefoil grow, in the Chuiskaya steppe there are pebble feather grass, hard sedge, and desert swamp.
The forest belt in the north and northwest of the Altai Mountains begins at an altitude of 400-600 m.The upper border of the forest rises to the south: the Korbu ridge has a forest boundary at an altitude of 1800 m, on the Terekta ridge - 2100, on the Katunsky - 2200, Chuisky - 2400. The distribution of forests is influenced by the exposure of the slopes: more forest grows on the northern ones, than on the southern ones, under the influence of southwestern and southern winds.
Forests occupy a significant part of the Altai Mountains, their area is more than 5 million hectares. They are mainly composed of conifers.
Gorny Altai has more larch forests than other types of forests. Larch - a tall-stemmed tree, adapted to unfavorable climatic conditions, withstands severe frosts, can grow in a valley, on northern humid and southern dry rocky slopes; together with the cedar it rises to the upper border of the forest. Light and clean larch forests resemble natural parks on the mountain slopes. In them, each tree grows apart, the sun's rays freely penetrate between the trees, small needles give almost no shade, the surface is occupied by a continuous grassy cover. Larch park forests have dense shrub undergrowth.
Larch wood is hard, durable, well preserved in the ground and in water. It replaces oak and ash in the manufacture of wooden machine parts. Larch is the most valuable construction material during the construction of berths, dams, bridges; sleepers and telegraph poles are made from it.
Cedar, Siberian cedar pine, is an important tree species in the forests of Gorny Altai. Cedar is a powerful tree with a dark green spreading crown, with long prickly needles. Forms pure cedars, occurs as an admixture in larch and fir forests. Cedar can grow high in the mountains, climbing to the border of the forest. The largest cedar massifs are located in the taiga. The cedar has high quality wood - light, durable, beautiful. It is used to make a pencil board, food containers, furniture and other products, pine resin is a raw material for balsam, oil and halva are obtained from pine nuts. Cedar nuts are food for birds and valuable game animals.
Siberian fir - beautiful, slim evergreen tree... Its height reaches 40 m, and the trunk thickness is 80 cm. Fir needles are dark green and very soft, long (up to 10 cm), cones stick up at the ends of the branches. This is how the fir differs from the spruce, in which the needles are prickly and the cones hang down. Fir gives a very good wood used for making paper and cardboard. Camphor and fir balsam, used in medicine, are obtained from it.
Black forests are located on the northwestern, northeastern ranges of the Altai Mountains and on the Salair Ridge. Altai mob is a type of rugged dark coniferous forests, consisting of fir, cedar, spruce with an admixture of aspen and birch. In the dark taiga, there are many shrubs - mountain ash, currant, raspberry, viburnum, bird cherry.
It is dark and damp in the black taiga, moss sags from branches, envelops tree trunks, stones, stumps. In some places, there is a continuous soft carpet of moss, with dense thickets of lingonberries with shiny small leathery leaves and blueberry islands. In the open glades of the Altai mob and in other types of forests in Altai, herbaceous plants with tall stems grow, which form difficult-to-pass thickets. Among the tall-stemmed herbs are honey plants, medicinal, edible and poisonous plants.
On Salair, the rabble consists of fir and fir-aspen forests.
Pine forests in the Altai Mountains are located in the central part of the low mountains and occupy the territory from Charysh to Katun; pine grows together with birch, aspen, larch.
In the mountain forests of Altai, dozens of species of shrubs grow, giving edible berries that have beautiful flowers, nice decorative look. In early spring, the slopes of the mountains are covered with bright crimson-purple flowers of the evergreen maral shrub (Siberian wild rosemary, Daurian rhododendron). The white flowers of the climbing prince are beautiful, there are often thickets of juniper, meadowsweet, and Potentilla. A very useful shrub is sea buckthorn, from the berries of which a valuable medicine is made - sea buckthorn oil.
Subalpine and alpine meadows, mountain tundra, glaciers belong to the high-mountain or alpine belt of Altai. Subalpine meadows are characterized by thickets dwarf birch, willows, honeysuckle, they alternate with meadows, where the grasses reach a meter height. Wheatgrass, oats, bluegrass, umbrella, maral root (leuzea) grow here.
In the southern and western regions in the highlands there are alpine meadows with dense grass. The alpine meadows of Altai are beautiful - this is a living carpet of large beautiful flowers against the background of small green leaves. Blue watersheds alternate with bright orange lights, between them gentle pansies - yellow, blue, brown; white anemones make up an amazing bouquet with dark blue glasses of blooming gentian; poppies, buttercups and many more unusually beautiful flowering plants... Among this wealth of flowers, black spikelets of alpine sedge, modest saxifrage flowers, and alpine grasses flicker.
The subalpine and alpine meadows are wonderful summer pastures.
There are more mountain tundras in Altai than subalpine and alpine meadows. Mosses, lichens, rocky areas and marshes, glacial lakes and river valleys are replaced by rugged thickets of dwarf birch and willow. Among the mountain tundra, there are lawns with alpine vegetation, consisting of partridge grass, fescue, polar poppies, sedges, saxifrage. Above the tundra zone - stone placers, bare rocks, glaciers.