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Science builds models of the world around us, accessible to us in sensations, using scientific methods. I value them highly and use scientific models wherever possible. But they have their limits. They make it difficult to build a good model of, say, a family. Therefore, on the question of how to act correctly in a certain life situation, for example, in family life, I will turn to the priest, and not to the scientist.
Faith became the foundation of my philosophy of life and therefore guides my actions in everyday life... When it comes to doing science, I believe that unexpected ideas do not come to our heads by themselves, but are prompted by God or his angels. When I grasp such an idea, I am glad that my consciousness is ripe enough to perceive it and that I am well enough imbued with the subject. "
"Faith helped me understand the meaning"
Maria Timofeeva, psychoanalyst, Orthodox
“By my first education I am a physicist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. But I badly lacked other life meanings, and after a long search I came to psychoanalysis. There was a wonderful illusion that I had found the answers to all my questions.
And in 1991, a tragedy happened before my eyes - a colleague, a young bright psychologist, drowned. And the whole structure that I had built inside myself collapsed in an instant. I stopped seeing meaning in psychology and in anything in general. The chance brought me to the city of Kurchatov to the priest, Father Georgy Neyfakh. For almost a month I lived with his family, went to services with him. We talked about a lot, and, most importantly, we spoke the same language: in the past he himself was a scientist, a biologist. This meeting turned my mind upside down. It's like a puzzle has finally formed inside me.
I took the religious path instantly, as an inspiration. It does not contradict my profession: religion and psychology are different spheres of human life. Faith has changed my entire value system, coordinate system. I found the meaning of life that I lacked. Of course, I cannot say that I now have answers to all questions about human nature. But the world has definitely become friendlier, I discovered its beauty and harmony.
“I study the world to understand the Creator more clearly”
Marklen Konurbaev, philologist, professor at Moscow State University, Muslim
“I am engaged in philology. In other words, the art of comprehending the meaning in the oral and written text. For me, the text is a mosaic of timbre differences, emotional contrasts, meanings, words. I peer into their combinations and comprehend the author, hidden from me by a veil of language. The world around is also text. To understand it interferes with "clip-like", abrupt communication and an overabundance of information that does not carry meaning. They undermine the stability of life. But here, as in philology, I am looking for harmony and ways to preserve it.
Even as a student, I tried to understand how understanding of polysemantic texts arises. In particular, the Koran. Then the question arose, what is the religion of my ancestors - Islam for me. Are these just rituals? It turned out that rituals only emphasize the significance of faith, and it itself - deep in the heart.
Gradually, faith became the moral support in life. And it does not contradict my scientific views. The Quran predicts many discoveries made by science centuries later. For example, it contains an indication that the Earth is round, the development of the human embryo is described in detail, which amazes modern biologists. What is this if not sacred knowledge transmitted to people by God?
As a Muslim, I take it on faith that the world and everything in it is a manifestation of various properties of God. And as a believing scientist, I try to better study this world with the help of science in order to understand the Creator more clearly. The Quran says: "God balanced everything." I think this balance is harmony. I am looking for the manifestation of God, which means I am trying to achieve harmony. AND it fills my scientific research with deep meaning».
"Now I see life positively"
Alexander Shtanko, physicist, non-confessional believer
“I am a scientist, moreover an experimenter, therefore faith could not have been accepted without evidence and empirical confirmation. I came to her through a deep ideological crisis.
I had health problems and medicine was powerless. And spiritual practice (close to what Christianity calls repentance) helped me to heal. And this is not the only example of a miracle in my life.
An atheist scientist will say that these are coincidences. But I am also a scientist and can count the probability of such accidents - they are practically excluded. Faith has changed my life dramatically. From a state of discouragement, pessimism, fears, and the first of them - the fear of death - I moved on to a very positive, constructive attitude towards everything. Life has acquired meaning, I feel that I am constantly changing internally and discover new things for myself in others.
However, with all due respect to Christianity, I did not become a Christian. It seems to me that the mythological image of God, established 2000 years ago, is difficult to reconcile with the cultural context of our time.
The notion that science can explain everything is deceiving. This is a claim to be impossible. Science has no methodology for exploring the spiritual world. Although for his comprehension, she gives rich images. For example, holography, which I have been doing all my life. As you know, a whole image is displayed at each point of the hologram. Perhaps, the Universe is organized according to the holographic principle. This image can be applied to a person: his spirit is only a particle, but the whole divine world is reflected in it ”.
About it
“Proof of God. Scientist Arguments "Frances Collins
An American geneticist, head of the Human Genome Project, Francis Collins was an agnostic in his youth, an atheist at the beginning of his scientific career, and over the years came to the conclusion that one can “simultaneously be a natural scientist who strictly adhere to scientific methods and believe in God, who is interested in each of us. personally". In his book, he substantiates why evolutionary theory, like science in general, does not contradict the idea of \u200b\u200bGod (Alpina non-fiction, 2009).
“Studies conducted in the 1990s showed that only 7% of the members of the American National Academy of Sciences and 3.3% of the members of the British Academy of Sciences were believers. At the same time, according to a national poll, 68.5% of the country's population consider themselves to be believers. ”- We meet such a statement in a popular information resource - the wikipedia article“ Science ”. "Some scientists explain this by the fact that the latest scientific discoveries, known facts, the scientific method of obtaining knowledge and, in general, the scientific vision of the world in our time, with an unbiased approach, does not leave room for belief in the supernatural, or at least make one doubt the credibility of religious ideas." we find an explanation on the same site in the article "Religion and Society". Conducting these studies not only demonstrates the interest of the public and academia in the issue of the legitimacy and rationality of faith in the life of a modern person and his, but also reveals the incessant confrontation between supporters of atheism and people who consider themselves to be believers. In the scientific community, these groups are most prominently represented by evolutionary atheists and creationists.
Can a serious scientist be a believer without betraying his "scientific vocation"? Does a believer simply ignore scientific facts, choosing as his worldview and convictions what is “to his heart”, what is “closer and dearer”, and not what is objective and provable from the point of view of science? In other words, sometimes a believer looks like he has deliberately chosen a life in an illusion, "because it is easier that way," while an atheist is a person who has the courage to face the harsh truth. In another case, it is proved that with the help of faith its subject unintentionally (or even quite consciously) "compensates for the lack of knowledge or intellectual abilities."
In this article, we want to give an overview of sociological studies of the phenomenon of a decrease in the level of religiosity of scientists in proportion to an increase in their status in the scientific community and, in a fairly concise form, present the facts that, in our opinion, explain this phenomenon.
Research in this area has been carried out since the beginning of the 20th century. One of the first studies on the issue of religious belief among scientists was conducted in 1914 by the prominent American psychologist James Luba of Bryn More College. He found that out of 1,000 randomly selected scientists in the United States, 58% were unbelievers or doubters, while for the 400 "great scientists" on the AMS (American Men and Women of Science) list, which included only biologists, physics, astronomy and mathematics, this figure has risen to 70%. Twenty years later, Ljuba repeated his research in a slightly different form and found that these numbers rose to 67 and 85%, respectively.
In 1996, Law and History professor Edward Larson of the University of Georgia repeated Lewa's 1914 study and found that the overall situation in the scientific community remained almost unchanged - 60.7% of scientists expressed disbelief or doubt. At the same time, among the "great scientists" the percentage of believers has dropped significantly.
The criterion for selecting respondents this time was membership in the NAS (US National Academy of Sciences). The total membership is relatively small, so Larson interviewed all 517 researchers in the above disciplines. As a result, it turned out that the percentage of non-believers in God and life after death among biologists is 65.2% and 69%, respectively, while among physicists the level of atheism is even higher: 79% and 76.3%. Of the rest, most were agnostic on both issues, and few were believers. The largest number of those was among mathematicians (14.3% in God, 15.0% in immortality). The level of faith among biologists was the lowest (5.5% and 7.1%) and slightly higher among astronomers (7.5% and 7.5%). You can see a comparison of these studies in Table 1, which shows the general indicators for the 1998 study.
| 1914 year | the God | Life after death |
| Vera | 27,7 % | 35,2 % |
| Disbelief | 52,7 % | 25.4 % |
| Doubt or agnosticism | 20,9 % | 43,7 % |
| 1998 year | the God | Life after death |
| Vera | 7 % | 7,9 % |
| Disbelief | 72,2 % | 76,7 % |
| Doubt or agnosticism | 20,8 % | 23,3 % |
You can depict modern data on the number of believing scientists in the United States in the table:
Summarizing the above, it can be argued that over a century, the percentage of believers in the highest scientific circles of the United States has fallen four times, while on average among scientists it has remained at the same level. The figure of about 40 percent of believers in the US scientific community comes from the lower ranks of scientists.
Let's note some of the features of this study:
1) The proportional relationship between the hierarchical position in scientific circles and the degree of disbelief.
2) Dependence on the theoretical or practical orientation of scientific workers - the most powerful theorists of science are the farthest from faith.
It is necessary to pay attention to one more important factor: it is the representatives of the natural sciences that are the “stronghold” of unbelief. In 2005-2009, renowned sociologist Elaine Ekland conducted research, the main subject of which was the question of how scientists relate to religion. Together with her colleagues, she interviewed 1,646 reputable scientists in the scientific world from 21 universities, of which 271 were interviewed.
Scientists who called themselves atheists were distributed as follows:
- Physics - 40.8%
- Chemistry - 26.6%
- Biology - 41%
Total percentage among natural scientists - 37.6%
- Sociology - 34%
- Economy - 31.7%
- Political Science - 27%
- Psychology - 33%
The total percentage among scientists in the humanities is 31.2%.
It is noteworthy that the data provided by the Ekland study differ significantly from those presented earlier. This is explained by a more liberal approach to assessing the "religiosity" of scientists: faith was not interpreted in the key of monotheistic religions. Scientists could call themselves believers for whatever reason they themselves deemed appropriate.
On the basis of this study, I would like to highlight another important factor in the question of the distribution of believers among American scientists:
3) Differences in the field of researchers in the humanities and natural sciences: the humanities in general are more inclined to faith than "natural scientists".
In the course of this study, respondents helped to identify another, perhaps the most significant factor. Most of the scholars interviewed did not report that science influenced their choices regarding faith. “Most likely, the reasons for their disbelief reflect the circumstances in which other Americans find themselves: they were not raised in a religious family; they have had bad experiences with religion; they disapprove of God's actions or see God as too changeable. For others, religion simply has nothing to do with their scientific endeavors, ”Ekland writes. We decided to formulate this factor as follows:
4) The predominant importance of personal life experience in all its manifestations in the matter of choosing a faith or rejecting any beliefs.
Let's try to comment on the four features of these studies that we have highlighted. It is possible to identify the following reasons for the phenomenon of a decrease in the level of religiosity of scientists in proportion to an increase in their status in the scientific community:
1) Methodology
The way of thinking in science and faith has significant differences. Scientific activity requires the "objectivity" of knowledge, which forms the philosophy of science and is expressed in its methodology and interests. Therefore, at the present stage, it is quite fair to say that “while engaging in specific scientific activities, a believer, in fact, forgets about God, acts the same way as an atheist. Thus, the compatibility of doing science with faith in God is by no means identical with the compatibility of faith in God with scientific thinking. ”We are dealing with two types of thinking and approaches to life, one is based on trust and obedience, the other requires independence and rationality. Here is how one atheist decided to describe the state of believing scientists: “They live simultaneously, as it were, in two worlds - one material, and the other some kind of transcendental, divine. They have a kind of splitting of the psyche ”. He quite correctly noted the key difference between the approaches to activities in science and faith. The more deeply a person believes, the more he will seek guidance. At the same time, the more serious a scientist is a researcher, the stronger his foundation of objective facts should be, allowing to conduct research and draw conclusions without taking into account the supernatural. Therefore, sometimes a scientist, spending the overwhelming majority of time in science, gets used to the “otherworldly” simply “not to take into account”. This, however, does not mean that the scientific worker purely involuntarily becomes less religious. Here I would like to emphasize that doing science predisposes to make a choice in favor of disbelief.
2) Research area
This issue is related to the definition invented by the author “the corridor of science”. Its essence lies in the fact that in order to achieve success in his field, a scientist limits his activity and field of study, and, accordingly, life experience. In other words, he deliberately excludes certain aspects from life, narrows his life experience in a number of areas in order to achieve more in a few specific ones. Thus, a person can regularly "pass" those places where he could meet with the "otherworldly". The supernatural, if it is encountered on this path, is explained to those who did not come into direct contact with it, from the position of the same "corridor". At the same time, the scientific methodology directs the movement along the "corridor" and defines its boundaries.
3) High level of abstraction
Through science, a person mainly comes into contact with this world indirectly - through the facts collected by someone, ordered by someone and somehow evaluated. In other words, science is primarily a theory created by the person himself. It is difficult to meet God in a theory where the creators themselves do not place Him by virtue of the methodology for creating this theory.
The scientist does not come into contact in everyday life in the same way and just as closely with those problems that are the subject of his research. And the interaction caused by life is different from the interaction created by science. In the above studies, one can notice a correlation between the level of abstraction in the scientific activity of subjects and the level of disbelief in their environment. Practical life poses such questions, challenges and tasks to a person, and also provides such "material" for a person's experience, which to a much greater extent contributes to the formation of his religious worldview.
4) An empirical basis
For the natural sciences, it forms a lesser inclination to accept the factor of the supernatural. At the same time, humanitarians deal with a person and society, where religion is present as a given, which no longer contributes to the tendency of its complete rejection. They can assess the significance of religion from the standpoint of its influence on society and personality throughout history, while for natural science, if it can offer some valuable information, it does not provide a suitable argumentation for their justification.
5) Lifestyle
Science demands from its "servants" a very specific way of life. At the same time, various faiths also imply the allocation of their followers a significant amount of time for spiritual practices, "service" and sometimes a number of other activities, which significantly reduces his supply for scientific activities. They also often affect the pace of life, its content, prescribe a certain approach and way of thinking, aimed at the formation of certain behavior or comprehension of their philosophy and teachings. All this also resembles a "corridor" in which there is no longer the same space for science as in the case described in the previous paragraph. A believer must often have a fairly active social position; “Character work” or other religious assignments take a lot of energy ... Perhaps this factor had a great influence on the achievement of scientific titles by those 73 percent of American teachers who declared their faith.
6) Motivation
According to A. Einstein, “one of the strongest motives leading to ... science is the desire to get away from everyday life with its painful cruelty and inconsolable emptiness ... This reason pushes people with thin spiritual strings from personal experiences into the world of objective vision and understanding ". In this case, religion in a certain sense represents an alternative to science and vice versa. And, as you know, a person seeks when he is dissatisfied. When he is satisfied enough, he tends to move in the same direction. This applies to both scientific activity and religious life. In addition, if a person is busy enough, then he does not feel a special need for any innovations. Thus, when a person enters a life track without a tendency towards faith (or science), then one should expect that only sufficiently radical changes (or a long, gradual involuntary path to them) can force a person to look for what he needs in a sphere that was not too close to him before. ...
7) inertia of the human personality
The foundations of a religious, anti-religious or indifferent to questions of faith worldview are laid in deep childhood - largely due to the environment in which a person grows up. Crises of age-related development can lead to its cardinal revision under the accompanying circumstances. In general, the author of this article has repeatedly observed the following pattern: the longer a person lives, the more he is affirmed in the correctness of his views and attitude to issues of faith. Having chosen a certain worldview for himself, a person further expands the "database" for its confirmation, consisting of experience, facts and approaches. He replenishes the “piggy bank” of the “arguments” of his position (not in a strictly rational sense, but in the meaning of everything that determines his choice, of which the most weighty (although not always conscious) for him is the following: I’m already __ (so many ) I have lived for years ...) and criticism alien to him - often in the form of not only arguments, facts, emotions, memories, experiences (often hidden, not fully realized for this sphere) but also irony, satire or even sarcasm. The same "piggy bank" is replenished by relations with like-minded people and representatives of other views.
Often a person deprives himself of the ability to understand the other side, and, as a result, narrows the range of opportunities to change his views. That being said, “understanding” does not automatically mean consent; rather, comprehension of the position of the other side, its influence on life, its approaches and arguments, and, finally, the reasons that determined the choice of such a philosophy. An unbiased, honest person is ready to recognize and consider the strengths and weaknesses of both someone else's position and his own.
So, it is not typical for a person to change their worldview, and the older he becomes, the more difficult it is to do this.
8) Competition of goals and values
Science and religion are two worlds, each of which strives to involve a person as a whole, to “absorb” him. Each of the worlds has its own rules and order, its own hierarchy and stages of growth. This is not to say that these worlds do not intersect at all, but at the same time it is difficult to find something absolutely identical in them. This, of course, does not mean that the choice must always be made according to the principle: "either - or". We can meet both people who "completely surrendered" to faith or science, and those who combine them, giving something more preference. But still, in conditions of limited life resources, this choice sometimes becomes more and more categorical.
We have tried to explain the decrease in the level of faith among scientists in proportion to the increase in their scientific merit. We did not smooth out the sharp corners of contradictions between representatives of different world outlooks, did not try to "reconcile" the thinking and approach of science and religion. We could see that the paradigm of natural science is not conducive to the development of faith. At the same time, the proof or refutation of the "Higher Being" goes beyond the competence of natural sciences.
I would like to believe that the awareness of the basic premises of rejection by some of the representatives of science of the religious worldview will help believers in understanding and recognizing the “unscientific” (which is not identical to irrationality) of the foundations of their beliefs and life position; will help atheists to better understand the reasons for their ideological premises and will contribute to greater mutual understanding in communication between representatives of different parties.
We have limited ourselves to considering the views of scientists and the possible reasons for them. But in a similar way, the distinguished principles apply to people with other forms of activity.
Vladimir Pikuza
Illustration: painting by Godfrey Kneller "Isaac Newton" (1689).
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauka; ; http://www.atheism.ru/library/Other_105.phtml; http://goo.gl/6PNs6y
A high level of intelligence turns academicians into atheists; http://www.atheism.ru/library/Other_105.phtml
From our sponsors: High quality reliable Black Hole spinning rods from the world famous manufacturer for real men. A wide selection of rods and accessories for fishing and tourism in the Rangeman.ru online storeWe present to your attention a list of scholars whose worldview was religious. To make the list more "reliable", we tried by all means to avoid including in it people whose worldview there is conflicting information, "Pravoslavie.fm" reports.
Physics
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)
Worldview. Catholic. He asserted that “the Holy Scripture cannot in any case assert a lie or be mistaken; his sayings are absolute and immutably true. "
Contribution to science. Refuted Aristotelian physics. He was the first to use a telescope to observe celestial bodies. He laid the foundations of classical mechanics, basing it on the experimental method, for which he is often called the "father of modern physics".
Edme Mariotte Edme Mariotte (1620 - 1684)
Worldview. Roman Catholic priest, abbot of the monastery of Saint-Martensubon.
Contribution to science. One of the founders of the French Academy of Sciences. In 1660 he discovered the so-called. "Blind spot" in the human eye. 17 years later Boyle discovered the law of the relationship between the volume and elasticity of a gas. Constructed a theory of impact to a mechanic, and also created a ballistic pendulum. Contributed to the development of aerodynamic theory by considerations of the relationship between speed and drag.
Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)
Worldview. Catholic Jansenist. A religious philosopher, Pascal defended the Christian faith, argued with Descartes, argued with the atheists of his time, condemned the casuistry of the Jesuits who justified the vices of high society (in "Letters to a Provincial"), the author of numerous reflections on philosophical and religious topics. He wrote Thoughts on Religion and Other Subjects, a collection of ideas in defense of Christianity from criticism from atheists, which includes the famous "Pascal's wager."
Contribution to science. He created a calculating machine-arfmometer. He empirically refuted at that time the prevailing axiom, taken from Aristotle that nature “is afraid of emptiness,” at the same time formulated the basic law of hydrostatics. In correspondence with Fermat he laid the foundations of the theory of probability. He also pioneered projective geometry and mathematical analysis.
Sir Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727)
Worldview... Anglican, views are close to the heresy of Arianism. Newton studied the Bible, and the volume of his texts on the study of Scripture exceeds the volume of scientific texts written by him. Through his work, Principia Mathematica hoped to induce a thinking person to believe in God.
Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698 - 1759)
Worldview. Catholic, philosopher. Voltaire wrote many satyrs against him, for example, "Doctor Acacius, papal doctor", before his death, the scientist admitted that Christianity "leads a person to the greatest good by the greatest possible means."
Contribution to science. He introduced the concept of the principle of least action into mechanics, and immediately pointed out its universal nature. Was a pioneer in genetics, in particular, some find that his views contributed to the formation of the theory of evolution and natural selection.
Luigi Galvani (1737 - 1798)
Worldview. Catholic. He studied theology, wanted to connect his life with the Church, but chose the path of science. His biographer, Professor Venturoli, speaks of the deep religiosity of Galvani. In 1801, another biographer of his, Alibert, writes about the scientist: “it can be added that in his public demonstrations, he never completed his lectures without calling his listeners to renew their faith, always drawing their attention to the idea of \u200b\u200beternal Providence, which develops, preserves and makes life flow among many other kinds of things. "
Contribution to science. One of the first to investigate electrophysiology and "animal electricity". The phenomenon of "galvanism" was named after him.
Alessandro Volta (1745 - 1827)
Worldview. Catholic. The dogmas, social life and rites of the Roman Church constituted a large part of the life (culture) of Volta. Clerics were his best friends. Volta remained close to his brothers: the canon and archdeacon, and was a church man (practicing, in Catholic terminology). Examples of his religiosity include flirting with Jansenism in the 1790s, the 1815 Confession of Faith written to protect religion from scientism. In 1794, Volta wrote several letters: to his brothers and a professor of theology from the University of Pavia, in these letters he asked them for advice about his possible marriage.
Contribution to science. Physicist, in 1800 invented the chemical battery. Discovered methane. Found ways to measure charge (Q) and potential (V). Created the world's first chemical current source.
André-Marie Ampère (1775 - 1836)
Worldview.Catholic. The scientist is credited with the following statement: “Study, explore the earthly - this is the duty of the husband of science. Explore nature with one hand, and with the other, like a father's garment, hold onto the edge of God's robe. " At the age of 18, the scientist believed that there were three climaxes in his life: "First communion, reading the work of Antoine Thomas" eulogy to Descartes, "and the taking of the Bastille." When his wife died, Ampere wrote out two stanzas from the Psalms and the prayer “O Lord, Merciful God, unite me in Heaven with those whom you have allowed me to love on Earth”, while he was overcome by strong doubts, and in his free time the scientist read Bible and Church Fathers.
Contribution to science. Physicist and mathematician. In electrodynamics: he established a rule for determining the direction of action of a magnetic field on a magnetic needle ("Ampere's rule"), discovered the influence of the Earth's magnetic field on moving conductors with current, discovered the interaction between electric currents, formulated the law of this phenomenon ("Ampere's law"). He contributed to the development of the theory of magnetism: he discovered the magnetic effect of the solenoid. Ampere was also an inventor - it was he who invented the switch and the electromagnetic telegraph. Ampere also contributed to chemistry through his collaborations with Avogadro
Hans Christian Ørsted (1777 - 1851)
Worldview.Lutheran (presumably). In his 1814 speech entitled "The development of science understood as the task of religion" (the scientist placed this speech in his book "The Soul in Nature", in which he writes that this speech includes many ideas that are more developed in others parts of the book, but here they are presented as a whole), Oersted asserts the following: “we will try to establish our belief about the existing harmony between science and religion, showing how a man of science should look at his studies, if he understands them correctly, namely, as the task of religion ”. Next is a lengthy discussion that can be found in the book.
Contribution to science. Physicist and chemist. Discovered that electric current creates a magnetic field. The first modern thinker to describe in detail and name a thought experiment. Oersteda's work was an important step towards a unified concept of energy.
Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867)
Worldview... Protestant, Church of Scotland. After his marriage, he served as a deacon and church head in one of the meetinghouses of his youth, researchers note that "a strong sense of harmony between God and nature pervaded his entire life and work."
Contribution to science. Contributed to electromagnetism and electrochemistry. He is considered the best experimenter and one of the most influential scientists in the history of science. Discovered benzene. I noticed a phenomenon that he called diamagnetism. Discovered the principle of electromagnetic induction. His invention of electromagnetic rotators served as the basis for the electric motor. Including thanks to his efforts, electricity began to be used in technology.
James Prescott Joule (1818 - 1889)
Worldview. Anglican (presumably). Joule wrote: “The phenomenon of nature, be it mechanical, chemical, or vital, almost completely continuously passes into itself. Thus, order is maintained and nothing is out of order, nothing is lost forever, but the whole mechanism, as it is, works smoothly and harmoniously, all controlled by God's will. " He was one of the scientists who signed the "Declaration of Students of Natural and Physical Sciences", written in response to the wave of Darwinism that came to England.
Contribution to science.He formulated the first law of thermodynamics, discovered Joule's law on the power of heat when an electric current flows. He was the first to calculate the speed of gas molecules. Calculated the mechanical equivalent of heat.
Sir George Gabriel Stokes (1819 - 1903)
Worldview. Anglican (presumably). In 1886 he became president of the Victoria Institute, whose goal was to respond to the evolutionary movement of the 60s, in 1891 Stokes gave a lecture at this institute, was also president of the British and Foreign Bible Society, was actively involved in missionary problems. Stokes said "I do not know of any sound conclusions of science that would contradict the Christian religion."
Contribution to science. Physicist and mathematician, author of Stokes' theorem, made a significant contribution to the development of hydrodynamics, optics and mathematical physics.
William Thomson, Lord Kelvin William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824 - 1907)
Worldview. Presbyterian. Throughout his life he was a devout person, he attended church every day. As can be seen from the scientist's speech in the Christian Evidence Society (an organization created to overcome atheism in Victorian society), Thompson believed that his faith helped him learn about reality, inform him. In the broadest sense of the word, the scientist was a creationist, but he was by no means a "flood geologist", one could say that he supported the view known as theistic evolution. He often openly disagreed with the followers of Charles Darwin, entered into disputes with them.
Contribution to science. Mathematical physicist and engineer. He formulated the first and second laws of thermodynamics, helped to unify the emerging disciplines in physics. He guessed that there was a lower temperature limit, absolute zero. He is also known as an inventor, author of about 70 patents.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831 - 1879)
Worldview. Christian of the evangelical faith. At the end of his life he became a church head of the Church of Scotland. As a child, he attended services both in the Church of Scotland (his father's denomination) and in the Episcopal Church (his mother's denomination), in April 1853 the scientist converted to the gospel faith, which is why he began to adhere to anti-positivist views.
Contribution to science. A physicist whose main achievement was to formulate the classical theory of electromagnetism. Thus, he combined previously disparate observations, experiments, and equations in electricity, magnetism, and optics into a unified theory. Maxwell's equations show that electricity, magnetism and light are one and the same phenomenon. These achievements have been called "the second greatest association in physics" (after the work of Isaac Newton). The scientist also helped develop the Boltzmann-Maxwell distribution, which is a statistical tool for describing some aspects in the kinetic theory of gases. Maxwell is also known as the man behind the first permanent color photograph in 1861.
Sir John Ambrose Fleming (1849 - 1945)
Worldview. Congregationalist. Fleming was a creationist and rejected Darwin's ideas as atheistic (from Fleming's Evolution or Creation?). In 1932 he helped found the Evolution Protest Movement. Fleming once preached "What's in the Fields" at St. Martin's Church in London, and his sermon was dedicated to the testimony of the Resurrection. The scientist bequeathed most of his inheritance to Christian charities that helped the poor.
Contribution to science. Physicist and engineer. Considered the father of modern electrical engineering. He formulated two rules known to physics: left and right hand. Invented the so-called Fleming valve
Sir Joseph John Thomson Sir Joseph John Thomson (1856 - 1940)
Worldview. Anglican. Raymond Seeger in his book J. J. Thomson, Anglican "states the following:" As a professor, Thompson attended the Sunday evening service of the university chapel, and as head of the university, the morning service. Moreover, he took an interest in the Trinity Mission at Camberwell. With respect for his personal religious life, Thompson invariably prayed every day and read the Bible before bed. He really was a believing Christian! "
Contribution to science. Physicist, discovered the electron and isotope. Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906 for "the discovery of the electron and services in the field of theoretical and experimental studies of the conductivity of electricity in gases." The scientist also invented a mass spectrometer, discovered natural radioactivity in potassium, and showed that hydrogen has only one electron per atom, while previous theories allowed for many electrons in hydrogen.
Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858 - 1947)
Worldview. Catholic (converted six months before his death), before that - a deeply religious deist. In his work "Religion and Natural Science" the scientist wrote (the quotation is carried out with context, from the beginning of the paragraph: "With such a coincidence, however, one should pay attention to one fundamental difference. God is given to a religious person directly and primary. From Him, His omnipotent will proceeds all life and all phenomena of both the bodily and the spiritual world.Although He is unknowable by the mind, but nevertheless directly manifests itself through religious symbols, putting His holy message into the souls of those who, believing, trust Him. for a natural scientist, only the content of his perceptions and the measurements derived from them is primary. Hence, by inductive ascent, he tries, as far as possible, to approach God and His world order as the highest, eternally unattainable goal. Consequently, both religion and natural science need faith in God, with for this, for religion, God stands at the beginning of all reflection, and for natural science - at the end. "
Contribution to science. The founder of quantum physics, which is why he became the Nobel Prize winner in physics in 1918. He formulated Planck's postulate (radiation of dark bodies), an expression for the spectral power density of the radiation of an absolutely black body.
Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem (1861 - 1916)
Worldview. Catholic. He often argued with Marcel about religious issues. D. Oconnor and E. Robinson in their biography of Duhem argue that his religious views played a large role in determining his scientific views. The scientist also dealt with the philosophy of science, in his main work he showed that since 1200 science was not ignored, and that the Roman Catholic Church encouraged the development of Western science.
Contribution to science. Known for his work on thermodynamics (Gibbs-Duhem ratio, Duhem-Margules equation), also contributed to hydrodynamics, the theory of elasticity.
Sir William Lawrence Bragg (1890 - 1971)
Worldview. Anglican (possibly Anglo-Catholic). Bragg's daughter, wrote about the scientist's faith: “For W. Bragg, religious faith was a willingness to put everything on the hypothesis that Jesus Christ was right, and to test this with an experiment in performing a work of mercy throughout his life. Bible reading was required. Bragg has often said that "if I have any style of writing at all, it is because I was raised in the Authorized Version [of the Bible]." He knew the Bible and could usually give out a "chapter or verse." The young Professor W. Bragg became the church head of St. John in Adelaide. He also received permission to preach. "
Contribution to science. Physicist, 1915 Nobel Prize laureate for "merits in the study of crystals using X-rays." Bragg also created the first device for recording a diffraction pattern. Together with his son, he developed the foundations of a method for determining the structure of crystals from the diffraction pattern of X-rays.
Arthur Holly Compton (1892 - 1962)
Worldview. Presbyterian. Raymond Seeger, in his article “Compton, Christian Humanist,” published in The Journal of the American Scientific Affiliation, writes: “As Arthur Compton grew up, his horizons expanded, but it was always a clear Christian view of the world. ... Throughout his life, the scientist was active in church affairs, from teaching in Sunday school and working as a church head, ending with positions in the Presbyterian Board of Education. Compton believed that the main problem of humanity, inspiring the meaning of life, lies outside of science. According to the Times magazine in 1936, the scholar was for a time a deacon in the Baptist Church.
Contribution to science. Physicist, for the discovery of the "Compton effect" was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1927. Invented a method to demonstrate the rotation of the Earth.
Georges Lemaître Monseigneur Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître (1894 - 1966)
Worldview. Catholic priest (since 1923). Lemaitre believed that faith can be an advantage for the scientist: “As a science goes through the simple stage of description, it becomes a true science. She also becomes more religious. Mathematicians, astronomers, and physicists, for example, are very religious people, with a few exceptions. The deeper they penetrate into the mystery of the Universe, the deeper their conviction becomes that the force behind the stars, electrons and atoms is law and goodness. "
Contribution to science. The cosmologist, who is the author of the theory of the expanding Universe, Lemaitre was the first to formulate the relationship between the distance and the speed of galaxies and proposed in 1927 the first estimate of the coefficient of this relationship, now known as the Hubble constant. Lemaitre's theory of the evolution of the world from the "original atom" was ironically called the "Big Bang" by Fred Hoyle in 1949. This name, "Big Bang", is historically entrenched in cosmology.
Werner Karl Heisenberg (1901 - 1976)
Worldview. A Lutheran, though, towards the end of his life he was considered a mystic, since his views on religion were not orthodox. The author of the statement: "The first sip from the glass of natural science is taken by an atheist, but God is waiting at the bottom of the glass."
Contribution to science. Winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize for the creation of quantum mechanics. In 1927, the scientist published his uncertainty principle, which brought him worldwide fame.
Sir Nevill Francis Mott (1905 - 1996)
Worldview. Christian. Here is the scientist's statement: “I believe in a God who can answer prayers, whom we can trust and without whom life on Earth would be meaningless (a fairy tale told by the insane). I believe that God revealed Himself to us in many ways, through many men and women, and for us living in the West, the most understandable revelation through Jesus Christ and those who followed him. "
Contribution to science. In 1977 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for "fundamental theoretical studies of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems."
Nikolay Nikolaevich Bogolyubov (1909 - 1992)
Worldview. Orthodox. A. Bogolyubov writes about him: “The whole body of his knowledge was a single whole, and the basis of his philosophy was his deep religiosity (he said that non-religious physicists can be counted on one hand). He was a son of the Orthodox Church, and whenever time and health allowed him, he went to Vespers and Mass in the nearest church. "
Contribution to science. He proved the theorem "on the sharpness of the wedge", created together with N. Krylov the theory of nonlinear oscillations. Created a consistent theory of superconductivity. In the theory of superfluidity, he derived kinetic equations. He proposed a new synthesis of Bohr's theory of quasiperiodic functions.
Arthur Leonard Schawlow (1921 - 1999)
Worldview. Methodist. Henry Margeno quotes the following statement from the scientist: "And I see the need for God both in the Universe and in my life." When the scientist was asked if he was a religious person, he replied: “Yes, I was raised as a Protestant and I was in several denominations. I go to church, a very good Methodist church. " The scholar also claimed to be an Orthodox Protestant.
Contribution to science.Physicist, received the 1981 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "contributions to the development of laser spectroscopy." In addition to optics, Shavlov also explored such areas of physics as superconductivity and nuclear magnetic resonance.
Abdus Salam Mohammad Abdus Salam (محمد عبد السلام) (1926 - 1996)
Worldview... Muslim of the Ahmadi community. In his Nobel Prize speech, the scholar quotes the Quran. When the Pakistani government passed a constitutional amendment declaring members of the Ahmadiyya community to be non-Muslim, the scientist left the country in protest.
Contribution to science. In 1979 he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for the theory of unification of weak and electromagnetic interactions. Some of his main achievements were also: the Pati-Salam model, magnetic photon, vector mesons, work on supersymmetry.
Charles Hard Townes (born 1915)
Worldview... Protestant (United Church of Christ). In a 2005 interview with The Guardian, the scholar said that “I was raised as a Christian, and while my ideas were changing, I always felt like a religious person,” in the same interview, Towns stated the following: “What is the science? Science is an attempt to understand how the universe works, including the human race. What is religion? It is an attempt to understand the purpose and meaning of the Universe, including the human race. If there is this purpose and meaning, then it must be interconnected with the structure of the Universe and how it works (...) Therefore, faith must teach us something in science and vice versa. "
Contribution to science. One of the founders of quantum electronics, in 1964 received the Nobel Prize in physics for "fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which led to the creation of emitters and amplifiers on the laser-maser principle." In 1969, together with other scientists, he discovered the so-called. "Maser effect" (radiation of cosmic water molecules at a wavelength of 1.35 cm), together with a colleague, was the first to calculate the mass of a black hole in the center of our galaxy. The scientist also made a contribution to nonlinear optics: he discovered stimulated scattering of Brillouin Mandelstam, introduced the concept of the critical power of a light beam and the phenomenon of self-focusing, and experimentally observed the effect of autocollimation of light.
Freeman John Dyson (born 1923)
Worldview. Christian without denomination, although Dyson's views can be characterized as agnosticism (in one of his books he wrote that he does not consider himself a believing Christian, but only a practicing and stated that he does not see the meaning in theology, which claims to know the answers to fundamental questions) ... The scientist vigorously disagrees with reductionism, so, in his Tempelton lecture, Dyson said: “Science and religion are two windows in which people look, trying to understand the universe, to understand why they are here. These two windows offer a different view, but they are directed towards the same universe. None of them are complete, both are one-sided. Both exclude significant parts of the real world. "
Contribution to science. Theoretical physicist and mathematician known for his work on quantum electrodynamics, astronomy, and nuclear engineering.
Antony Hewish (born 1924)
Worldview... Christian. From a letter to T. Dmitrov: “I believe in God. It seems to me senseless to think that the universe and our existence are just an accident of a cosmic scale and that life arose as a result of disordered physical processes, simply because favorable conditions developed for this. As a Christian, I begin to understand the meaning of life thanks to faith in the Creator, whose nature was partly revealed in a Man born 2000 years ago. "
Contribution to science. In 1974 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for "a defining role in the discovery of pulsars."
Arno Allan Penzias (born 1933)
Worldview... Jew, in the book of Jerry Bergman the following quotation of the scientist is given: "The best data that we have is what I would have been able to predict if I had before me only the Pentateuch of Moses, the book of Psalms and the entire Bible." In his speeches, the scientist often said that he sees meaning in the Universe, and pointed out the reluctance of the scientific community to accept the Big Bang Theory, since it indicates the creation of the world.
Contribution to science. Physicist, for the discovery of the relict radiation in 1976 received the Nobel Prize in Physics. With the help of a maser, he solved the problem of increasing the accuracy of antenna tuning.
Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. (born 1941)
Worldview. Quaker. The worldview of the scientist is known from the book by Istvan Hargitay, to the question "Could you tell about your attitude to religion?" the scholar replied as follows: “My family and I are active members of the Friends religious community, that is, the Quaker community. Religion is an important part of our life (especially for my wife and me; for our children to a lesser extent). My wife and I often spend time with other believers in our community; it helps us to better understand our attitude to life, reminds us of what we are on Earth for and what we can do for others. Quakers are a group of Christians who believe in the possibility of direct communication between man and the Spirit, whom we call God. Reflection and self-contemplation helps to communicate with this Spirit and learn a lot about yourself and how to live on Earth. Quakers believe that wars cannot resolve contradictions and that lasting results are achieved through peaceful solutions to problems. We have always refused and refuse to participate in the war, but we are ready to serve our country in other ways. We believe that there is something Divine in every person, therefore human life is sacred. The depth of spiritual presence must be sought in people, even in those with whom you disagree. "
Contribution to science. Physicist, awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the discovery of a new type of pulsar, which gave new possibilities in the study of gravity."
William Daniel Phillips (born 1948)
Worldview. Methodist. One of the founders of the International Society for Science and Religion. Known for his frequent participation in the dialogue of "faith and science". In his autobiography on the Nobel Prize website, Phillips writes: “In 1979, after Jane (scientist's wife, approx. Transl.) And I moved to Gesersburg, we joined the United Methodist Church (...) Our children were inexhaustible for us a source of blessing, adventure and challenge. At that time, Jane and I were trying to find new jobs, and having children required a delicate balance between work, home, and church life. But somehow, our faith and our youthful energy have guided us through these times. "
Contribution to science. Physicist, winner of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the creation of methods for cooling and trapping atoms with a laser beam."
Maths
René Descartes (1596 - 1650)
Worldview. Catholic. One of the reasons for writing his "Reflections" was the defense of the Christian faith, in particular, in one of the chapters Descartes formulated the ontological proof of the existence of God in a new way, he also wrote: “In a sense, one can say that without knowing God, one cannot have reliable knowledge about anything. "
Contribution to science. Mathematician, created the Cartesian coordinate system and laid the foundations of analytical geometry. The first deduced mathematically the law of light refraction at the boundary of two different media.
Pierre de Fermat (1601 - 1665)
Worldview.Catholic.
Contribution to science.Mathematician, creator of number theory, author of Fermat's Last Theorem. The scientist formulated the general law of differentiation of fractional degrees. He founded analytical geometry (along with Descartes), applied it to space. He stood at the origins of the theory of probability.
Christian Huygens Christiaan Huygens (1629 - 1695)
Worldview. Protestant of the Reformed Church. When the French monarchy ceased to tolerate Protestantism in 1881 (the abolition of the Edict of Nantes), Huygens left the country, although they wanted to make an exception for him, which indicates his religious beliefs.
Contribution to science. The first president of the French Academy of Sciences, he spent 15 years. Discovered the theory of evolutes and evolvents. He invented a pendulum clock and published a classic work on mechanics "The Pendulum Clock". Derived the laws of uniformly accelerated freely falling bodies and formulated thirteen theorems on centrifugal force. Together with Fermat and Pascal, he laid the foundations of the theory of probability. Discovered Saturn's moon Titan and described the rings of Saturn, discovered the ice cap at the South Pole of Mars. He invented a special eyepiece, consisting of two plano-convex lenses, named after him. The first called for the choice of a worldwide natural measure of length. Simultaneously with Wallis and Wren, he resolved the issue of collisions of elastic bodies.
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646 - 1716)
Worldview. The Christian is supposedly Protestant. He spoke out against both theological orthodoxy and against materialism and atheism. He created his own philosophical doctrine of the so-called. Leibniz's monadology, which was close to deism and pantheism.
Contribution to science. He founded mathematical analysis and combinatorics. He laid the foundations of mathematical logic and combinatorics. He made a very important step towards the creation of a computer, he was the first to describe the binary system of calculus. He was the only person who freely worked with both continuous and discrete. He was the first to formulate the law of conservation of energy. Created a mechanical calculator (together with H. Huygens).
Leonhard Euler (1707 - 1783)
Worldview. Christian. He believed in the Divine inspiration of Scripture, argued with Denny Diderot about the existence of God, wrote an apologetic treatise "Defense of Divine Revelation from the Objections of Freethinkers."
Contribution to science. It is often said that from the point of view of mathematics, the 18th century is the century of Euler. Many call him the greatest mathematician of all time, Euler was the first to link analysis, algebra, trigonometry, number theory, and other branches of mathematics into a single system, listing all his discoveries by name is impossible due to the format of this heading.
Karl Friedrich Gauss Johann Carl Friedrich Gauß (1777 - 1855)
Worldview... Lutheran. Although Gauss did not believe in a personal God and was considered a deist, it can be argued that he had a religious worldview, for example, he believed in the immortality of the soul and life after death. According to Dunnington, Gauss believed in an immortal, righteous, all-knowing and omnipotent God. For all his love for mathematics, Karl Friedrich never made it absolutized, he said: “There are problems, the solution of which I would ascribe infinitely more importance in comparison with mathematical problems, for example, problems related to ethics, or our relationship to God, or concerning our destiny and our future; but their solution lies completely outside our borders and absolutely outside the scope of science. "
Contribution to science. The scientist is often called the King of Mathematics (lat. Princeps mathematicorum), this reflects his invaluable and immeasurable contribution to the "queen of sciences". So, in algebra, Gauss came up with a rigorous proof of the main theorem of algebra, discovered the ring of complex integers, and created the classical theory of comparisons. In geometry, the scientist made a contribution to differential geometry, was the first to study the internal geometry of surfaces: he discovered the characteristics of a surface (named after him), proved the basic theorem of surfaces, Gauss also created a separate science - higher geodesy. Dunnington claimed that Gauss was the first to study non-Euclidean geometry, but he was afraid to publish his results, considering them meaningless. In mathematical analysis, Gauss created potential theory, dealt with elliptic functions. The scientist was also interested in astronomy, where he studied the orbits of minor planets, found a way to determine the orbital elements from three complete observations. Many of his students later became great mathematicians. The scientist was also engaged in physics, where he developed the theory of capillarity and the theory of lens systems, and also laid the foundations for the theory of electromagnetism, designed (together with Weber) the first primitive electric telegraph.
Bernard Bolzano Bernard Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano (1781 - 1848)
Worldview. Catholic priest. In addition to his scientific research, Bolzano also dealt with theological and philosophical issues.
Contribution to science.Bolzano's work contributed to the formation of rigorous definitions of analysis using epsilon and delta. In many areas of mathematics, the scientist was a pioneer, ahead of his time: even before Cantor, Bolzano explored infinite sets, with the help of geometric considerations, the scientist obtained examples of continuous, but nowhere differentiable functions. The scientist put forward the idea of \u200b\u200bthe arithmetic theory of a real number, in 1817 he proved the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem (regardless of the latter, who discovered it half a century later), the Bolzano-Cauchy theorem.
Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789 - 1857)
Worldview. Catholic. He was close to the Jesuit order, was a member of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul, Augustin often had difficulties with colleagues because of his views.
Contribution to science. He developed the basis of mathematical analysis, for the first time strictly defined the limit, continuity, derivative, integral, convergence of a series in mathematical analysis, introduced the concept of convergence of a series, created the theory of integral residues, laid the foundations of the mathematical theory of elasticity, made significant contributions to other fields of science.
Charles Babbage (1791 - 1871)
Worldview.Anglican (presumably). He strongly defended the authenticity of biblical miracles in an era when people increasingly departed from the Christian worldview.
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It's funny that both the priests and all sorts of children in the church freaked out in a very interesting way. And since they understand that all sorts of authorities such as "John of Sergius" or "seraphim of power", loudly called Kronstadt or Sarov, absolutely do not work outside this sectarian-religious environment, now the priests increasingly often refer to the fact that many of the scientists were believers, recognized God and even performed some church rites. And they are trying more and more to cuddle and get used to this whole scientific history and seek protection from it.
This needs to be dealt with, because it takes on the character of an epidemic, when in favor of God or in favor of some religious idea they begin to refer to one or another scientist.
I can tell you more than the priests say. I can tell you that both Isaac Newton and Pasteur were religious fanatics, and Theodore Schwann, and Edison, and Flammarion were deeply convinced mystics. People like George Carew Ackles, seriously convinced of the existence of the soul, were not uncommon among physiologists. We will not be able to do with Ukhtomsky, who was a bishop, and we cannot forget that Mendel was an abbot. In fact, there are a huge number of scientists who have a positive attitude towards religion. But let's see if that means anything at all.
What is a scientist? This is a person who made a certain discovery, that is, showed some infallibility in a strictly defined issue. Let's see if this infallibility extends to everything that scientists deal with. Let's take a look at a collection of ridiculous incredible misconceptions and mistakes that were inherent in amazing, great, great scientists. For example, the same Isaac Newton was convinced that meteorites are nonsense, because they have nowhere to fall from. And the same Isaac was convinced and fervently preached that in the ratio of historical and archaeological data, the Earth has 6 thousand years of its age.
Francis Bacon was convinced of the evil influence of witches on the quality of crops, Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev spoke seriously about color therapy, Liebig did not believe that yeast is a living organism. Robert Boyle, who Boyle is Marriott, obliged miners to report at what depth the demon nests begin, and describe what the demon nests look like. Buffon was convinced that in America, compared to all other continents, evolution is much slower, Kepler believed that the craters on the moon are structures that were erected by lunar inhabitants, Flammarion was convinced that there is vegetation on the moon. And Galileo Galilei seriously believed that Kepler's talk that the ebb and flow is a consequence of the influence of the moon is stupidity and childishness.
We can count dozens, hundreds and thousands of such examples of errors and absolute absurdities. For example, there was Jean-Joseph Virey, who, in the most complete academic edition of anthropological information of the 19th century, showed absolute confidence that blacks had black sweat. And Hans Christian Huygens was absolutely sure that Jupiter has such stormy seas that Jupiter's biggest problem is the quality rigging for the Jupiter fleet. The great anthropologist and, undoubtedly, the greatest scientist of his time, Virchow, who once brought him the skull of a Neanderthal, rejected with contempt, saying that what a Neanderthal he is, what an ancient man he is, this is a Russian alcoholic Cossack who accidentally died near the Neandertal river during the war 1812-1813 years. That is, we see mistakes at every step, we understand that success in one, small area of \u200b\u200bscience does not at all guarantee infallibility even in science itself, I am not even talking about some more extensive, broader areas.
For example, the discoverer of the large circle of blood circulation, William Harvey, was attracted by the Holy Inquisition to examine the prisoners of the Inquisition and determine if these prisoners have certain devil's spots on their skin. On the conscience of Harvey, at least two girls, in whom he found two spots of Lucifer. Naturally, the girls were burned.
Religious faith is a kind of conviction. Conviction of something. And very often priests, or priests, or children of the Church offer us the views of scientists, absolutely taken out of the context of their lives. The same Max Planck could be a completely religious person at some point, and at some point he declared that there is nothing more stupid than the idea of \u200b\u200ba Christian god and he sees all its absurdity. Let's see this conviction in the big scientists. How pure and reasonable was this conviction?
Let's remember that the great Geiger, Stark, Lang, and even Philip Lenard took an active part in Hitler's project to equip the Third Reich with atomic weapons. And even the absolute authority, one of the creators of the quantum theory, Heisenberg, did more than others and with a big twinkle for the Third Reich in terms of equipping with nuclear weapons, because it was Heisenberg who was the author and developer of the atomic reactor, which for Nazi Germany had to supply raw materials for 10 or 12 atomic bombs at once.
As we can see, from whatever height stupidity is uttered, it remains stupidity. And whoever testifies about anything, he testifies, including about his mistake, and about his right to make a mistake. Therefore, any evidence of any scientist in the question of God and in the question of religion is actually not worth a damn. And to take seriously the idea of \u200b\u200bGod because Huygens, or Newton, or Virchow took it seriously, we have exactly as much reason as there are reasons to take seriously the theory that there are strong storms on Jupiter, and the skull of a Neanderthal is the skull of a Russian alcoholic, degenerate Cossack.
| Comments: 25 |
Alexander Nevzorov
Well, it's such a boring job. Moreover, I absolutely do not want to be emotional, I do not want to say anything from myself. The matter again concerns the relationship between the church and science, with all the ambiguity of science. What can we talk about? Even in 1611, in connection with the then starting process of Galileo, a three-day cardinal conclave was convened in the Vatican, which in all seriousness decided: is it not a sin and is it permissible, in general, to look at the sky through a telescope. But this is spice. In addition to the piquancy, I have prepared for you such a boring list of real victims of the church. Those real evidence of a real, genuine relationship of the church to science.
Alexander Nevzorov
Lesson topic: the great scientist-surgeon Voino-Yasenetsky, church charity, science and mathematics in Russia.
Alexander Nevzorov
Lesson topic: Prize "Silver galosh" awarded to Patriarch Kirill, Andrei Rublev and canonical stencil icon painting, the history of Saints Peter and Fevronia, surgeon Voino-Yasenetsky and the theory of cardiocentrism, a feat of martyrdom.
Alexander Nevzorov
Alexander Nevzorov on irrefutable proofs of the veracity of the theory of evolution on the example of the bodily image of Patriarch Gundyaev.
Did Albert Einstein Believe in God? Many believers cite Einstein as an example of an outstanding scientist who was a believer just like them. And this supposedly disproves the idea that science is contrary to religion or that science is atheistic. However, Albert Einstein has consistently and unequivocally denied belief in personified gods who answer prayers or take part in human affairs - and this is the kind of god worshiped by believers who claim that Einstein was one of them.
They are very different and are not always ready to call themselves atheists. Many call themselves agnostics, meaning that they simply do not undertake to judge such lofty matters with a limited human mind. In general, it is not easy for a scientist to remain a convinced atheist all the time, because by the nature of his occupation he is obliged to question everything. But there are also those who desperately enter into polemics and try to prove to the masses the harmfulness of religion - like the "new atheists" Richard Dawkins and Daniel Dennett, who defend the scientific materialistic worldview
Believers often claim that Einstein was also a believer. In particular, they quote his saying "God does not play dice [with the Universe]" and a quote "in our materialistic age only deeply religious people can be serious scientists." As you can see, the context here is completely incomprehensible, and therefore such quotations border on cheating. Indeed, does the saying "damn it" really mean belief in evil spirits? And in order to understand the meaning of the second quote, you need at least know what the concept of religiosity meant for Einstein himself. That is why the text below does not include quotes taken out of context, but large chunks from books, letters and articles.
Great scientists of the past and contemporaries who believed in God
American scientist and
former atheist Francis
Collins is one of the
the first scientists ever
who revealed to the world a complex
structure of the DNA molecule. is he
was so amazed
the most complex structure
code that immediately changed
their attitude towards atheism and
admitted existence
Gentlemen.
Francis Collins is
one of two scientists
who decrypted the code
DNA molecule and stated that 30
years ago he was
atheist, but now he believes in
Gentlemen.
Stephen Hawking (English theoretical physicist and cosmologist, founder and director of the Center for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge.)
It is difficult to discuss the origin of the universe without using the concept of God. My research into the origin of the universe is at the borderline between science and religion, but I try to stay on the scientific side. It is possible that God acts in a way that is not described by scientific laws, but in this case, a person can only rely on his own faith.
Even if there is only one unified theory, it is just a set of rules and equations. What is it that breathes fire into the equations and creates the universe to describe it? The ordinary scientific approach to constructing a mathematical model does not answer the question of why the universe must exist to describe this model. Why does the universe even exist?
Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes,
(New York 1988) 174.
prof. John Polkinghorn (Polkinghorn is the author of five books on physics and 26 books on the relationship between science and religion, including such famous works as "The Quantum World" (1989), "Quantum Physics and Theology: An Unexpected Relationship" (2005), " Exploring Reality: The Interweaving of Science and Religion "(2007) Knighted in 1997, and a Templeton Prize Winner in 2002.)
news
World renowned atheist scientist: God is
July 26, 2013
The speech of the famous professor of philosophy Anthony Flew was an absolute shock for the scientific world: the scientist, who is now well over 80, for many years was one of the pillars of scientific atheism. For decades, Flew published books and gave lectures based on the thesis that belief in the Most High is unjustified, minval.az writes with reference to the Meta portal.
However, a series of recent scientific discoveries have forced the great defender of atheism to change his views. Flew publicly stated that he was wrong, and the universe could not have arisen by itself - it was obviously created by someone more powerful than we can imagine.
According to Flew, earlier he, like other atheists, was convinced that once upon a time, the first living matter simply appeared from dead matter. “Today it is impossible to imagine the construction of an atheistic theory of the origin of life and the emergence of the first reproductive organism,” says Flew.
According to the scientist, modern data on the structure of the DNA molecule irrefutably indicate that it could not arise by itself, but is someone's development. The genetic code and literally the encyclopedic amounts of information that the molecule stores in itself disprove the possibility of blind coincidence.
British physicist Martin John Rees, who won this year's Templeton Prize, believes that the universe is very complex. The scientist, on whose account more than 500 scientific papers, received $ 1.4 million for proving the existence of the Creator. Although the physicist himself is an atheist, adds the "Correspondent" edition.
"According to the director of the International Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences Anatoly Akimov, the existence of God has been proven by scientific methods," Interfax reports.
“There is God, and we can observe the manifestation of His will. This is the opinion of many scientists, they do not just believe in the Creator, but rely on some knowledge,” he said in an interview published by the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper on Friday.
At the same time, the scientist noted that in the past centuries, very many physicists believed in God. Moreover, until the time of Isaac Newton, the separation between science and religion did not exist, priests were engaged in science, since they were the most educated people. Newton himself had a theological education and often repeated: “I derive the laws of mechanics from the laws of God”.
When scientists invented a microscope and began to study what happens inside a cell, the processes of doubling and dividing chromosomes caused a stunning reaction in them: "How could this be if all this was not provided by the Almighty ?!"
"Indeed," A. Akimov added, "if we talk about the fact that man appeared on Earth as a result of evolution, then taking into account the frequency of mutations and the speed of biochemical processes, it would take much more time to create a man from primary cells than the age of the Universe itself." ...
"In addition," he continued, "calculations were performed that showed that the number of quantum elements in the volume of the radio-observable Universe cannot be less than 10155, and it cannot but possess superintelligence."
"If all this is a single system, then, considering it as a computer, we ask: what is beyond the power of a computing system with so many elements? This is unlimited possibilities, more than the most sophisticated and modern computer in an incommensurable number of times!" - the scientist emphasized.
In his opinion, what was called by various philosophers the Universal Mind, the Absolute, this is a superpowerful system, which we identify with the potential capabilities of the Almighty.
Dr. Henry Fritz Schaefer
Schaefer is a professor of chemistry at the University of Georgia and director of the Kuantum Chemistry Center. Schaefer, who has been nominated for the Nobel Prize five times, is considered the third chemist in the world in terms of recognition of his scientific merit. Expressing the idea that the goal of scientific research is the knowledge of God, scholar and religious man Schaefer says:
Anyone who has learned the meaning of science will also understand how much pleasure it gives me. He will understand how I feel when I say, "This is God's creation." 110
Isaac Bashevis Singer
The famous physicist of our day, Singer is a scientist who denies evolution and believes in God. During one of his lectures, criticizing Darwinism, he used the following curious story:
"Scientists have discovered a deserted island, where no human has ever set foot. The first to land on this island, they were very amazed by the local nature and life. They were impressed by the forests, full of animals and never seen lumberjacks. Climbing the steep slope of the mountain, scientists looked around. There was no trace of civilization on the island. Returning to the ship, they suddenly found on the sand an elegant wristwatch of the latest model. The clock worked perfectly. Scientists were in disarray. Where did the watch come from? They knew exactly what was on them. the island did not have a human foot. But in this case, there was only one option: this watch with an expensive leather strap, with expensive glass, with hour and minute hands, with a battery and other details appeared on the island by itself, by accident, and how it was placed in local sand. There was no alternative to this assumption! " To conclude the story, to clarify the evolutionists' fallacy, Singer said: "Every watch has a watchmaker who made it."
All living and nonliving in the Universe contains a certain higher purpose. Therefore, none of the phenomena in the universe can be attributed to chance. Everything in the world was created by the Great and Almighty Creator. Many of modern scientists, like Singer, comprehending the perfection of the order existing in the Universe, point out to people that everything in the Universe was created by God.
Professor Malcolm Daneken Wintis
Malcolm Wintis, a professor of medicine at the University of Huttin and Northwestern University, believes that both the universe and man are created by the Supreme Creator. He expounds this belief in the following words:
"Based on physical methods, we can say that there is nothing more strange and meaningless than the thought that heaven and earth with all its secrets, human life with all its forms and, finally, the human being itself with all its highest abilities appeared by themselves, as a result of chance. And if so, we must say that there is a genius that controls the Universe, that the Creator is behind all this. And since man has a higher organization in comparison with all the creatures that surround him, he must strive to cognize the Creator. "112
William Phillips
Before reaching 50 years old, William Phillips won the Nobel Prize for the development of methods for capturing atoms by laser radiation. Today he is one of the most prominent physicists and at the same time a religious person. Speaking at a press conference after being awarded the Nobel Prize, he said:
"God gave us a wonderful world for us to live in and comprehend."
Professor William Draper
Professor Draper, Ph.D. from the University of Iowa, teaches soil science at the University of California and is also a fellow of the American Institute of Soil Science.
The idea that the universe could not have arisen by chance, but was created by God, he expressed as follows:
“There is no doubt that both the heavens above us and the earth that are under our feet contain a plan and a goal. To try to deny the power that embodied this plan and this goal, that is, the Infinite Creator, means not to accept the norms of logic and reason And this contradiction is more egregious than that into which a person falls, who sees in the summer a field with yellowed, heavy wheat ears, resembling a sea of \u200b\u200bwheat, but at the same time denies that somewhere nearby there is a peasant who plowed and sowed this field ".114
William Dembski
Modern mathematician Dembski's research covers a wide range of philosophical and theological problems. Dembski claims that science exists to comprehend the world, and scientists are only researchers of the creations of the Almighty. Here are examples of Dembski's statements that characterize his ideas:
"The world is a creation of God. Scientists, trying to understand it, repeat the thoughts of the Most High. Scientists are not creators, but only discoverers of divine ideas
... Created always testifies to its Creator. "115
Professor Stephen Meyer
Mayer, professor of philosophy at Whiteworth University, is a scientist convinced of the truth of Creation. He is the author of many works on this topic. Below we present his statements on the question that the Universe is the fruit of the embodiment of a conscious project.
"In nature, you see excellent evidence for the existence of intelligent design." 116
"I argue that neither chance, nor prebiotic natural selection, nor physical-chemical laws can explain the source of information in the very first cell."
Professor Walter F. Bradley
Bradley, professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Texas, is one of the authors of The Mystery of the Origin of Life. Asserting that living organisms, objects of inanimate nature and the entire Universe as a whole are the embodiment of a certain design, he cites evidence of this, found at every step. Bradley speaks of his faith in the Creator as follows:
"When I was at Cornell University in the spring of 1987, I had a lecture on religion and science there. In this lecture, I confirmed the existence of a Creator with scientific evidence."
Another quote from Bradley:
“There is irrefutable and obvious evidence for the existence of an Intelligent Creator.” 119
Professor Irrell Christer Rex
Rex is a professor at the University of Washington and Southern California, and at the same time is a fellow at the American Institute of Physics. Believing that the entire universe is created by God and is governed by Him, Professor Rex says:
"Modern theories explaining the origin of all things and determining the laws operating in the Universe quickly fall into dark and confused dead ends if they contain ideas of denying God. Personally, I believe in the Creator and recognize that everything that exists is in His Will." 120
Dr. Allan Sandage
One of the most famous astronomers today, who recognized the correctness of the religious concept of the Creation of the world by God. In 1998, in an interview with Newsweek magazine, which featured the headline "Science Finds God," Sandage explained his conversion to religion:
"I was led to this by the incredible complexity of the world, one might say inaccessible to science. I can understand the secrets of existence only with the help of faith."
Professor Cecile Hamar
Hamar is a professor of biology at the University of St. Louis, who also teaches biology at Highbury University, and one of the deeply religious scientists of our time. Hamar says about his beliefs:
“Whichever field of science I had to pay attention to, I saw everywhere incomparable laws and patterns indicating the existence of the Supreme Creator. I witnessed amazing examples of creation. Yes, I also believe in God and admit that He gave life to all things and that this world is under His protection. The power of God is enough for everything. And, moreover, I affirm that every particle of the being called a man is under His protection. "
Professor Paul Ernest
Paul Ernest, a professor at St. John's University and a member of the Society of American Surgeons, found faith in God after years of studying science. Professor Ernest puts it this way:
“I believe in God without any doubts. To this faith I was guided and strengthened in it by the field of science in which I am engaged ...
And so I answer the question: “Yes, beings have a Creator.” 123
Professor Lestergon Cimourdin
Professor Cimourdin, a PhD student at the University of Bordeaux and a lecturer in agronomy and mathematics at the University of Cochin, declares his faith in God with these words:
"There is no doubt that everything arose by the Will of the Most High God. He is the One who outlined and showed the way to everything. As my studies of soils and plants deepen, my faith in God deepens ..." 124
Enrico Medi
Enrico Medi is a famous Italian scientist. Speaking at an international conference in Rome in 1971, he talked about the miracles he has to face as a scientist. He summed up his reasoning as follows:
"In addition to space and time, there is also the cause of everything that exists, because of which everything was created as it is ... This is God the Creator."
Professor Wayne Old
Professor Old had a Ph.D. at Columbia University and was the director of the Geochemical Laboratory in New York. On one occasion, arguing that scientific research strengthens faith in God, Professor Old said:
“There is no doubt that progressing the steps of cognition, the desire to understand the causes and circumstances of the emergence of things is one of the greatest and most important qualities of the human mind. his faith ".. 126
Professor Michel P. Gerard
Michel Gerard, professor of biology in South Louisiana, is one of the scientists who argue that life could not have arisen by chance. He also says that the highly complex and perfect structures of cells and proteins were created by God.
On July 5, 1998, Professor Gerard took part in the II International Conference organized by the Haruna Yahya Foundation for Scientific Research entitled "The Collapse of the Theory of Evolution: The Truth of Creation". At the conference, he made a presentation on the topic "Is it possible for a random occurrence of life?" Having stated his point of view and supported it with scientific evidence, he ended his speech with the following words:
"The structure of living organisms is very different and much more complex than those that were obtained as a result of laboratory experiments. When we consider the laws of physics and chemistry and try to give our comments on this issue, the laws of physics and chemistry tell us:" There must be an intelligent design, certainly there is a Creator, a Creator who has ordered information. This explanation is the most scientific of all data to date. The laws of physics and chemistry also state something else: "The emergence of life from inanimate matter due to evolution is impossible." And this is not only the end of my scientifically based speech, but at the same time the collapse of the theory of evolution. "
Professor Edward Boudreau
Edward Boudreau, professor of chemistry at New Orleans University, is convinced that chemical elements are ordered by God to create life. In 1998, this scientist took part in the second part of the conference organized in Istanbul on the theme "The collapse of the theory of evolution: the Truth of Creation".
In his report, entitled "Project in Chemistry", he, in particular, said:
"The world in which we live, and its laws were created by God in the most favorable form for human life."
Professor Kenneth Cumming
Professor Kenneth Cumming of the Institute for the Study of the Creation of the Earth in the United States, who is world famous in the field of biochemistry and paleontology, opposes the theory of evolution and believes in the existence of God. He says:
“I think that a lot of evidence on this issue has revealed the worthlessness of this theory. It is necessary to refute the evidence presented in defense of evolution, and make it so that the fall of this idea becomes obvious. Everything we see around us is a small piece of creation with all its variations and everything as a whole was created by God, who possesses the Highest and Absolute Knowledge ".. 127
Professor Karl Flirmans
One of the most famous scientists in the United States today, Carl Flirmans is a professor of microbiology at Indiana University. Professor Flirmans is leading the Department of Defense-sponsored research into the possibility of neutralizing chemical waste with bacteria.
In his speech at the Istanbul conference on "The Collapse of the Theory of Evolution: The Truth of Creation", refuting Darwinism in terms of biochemistry, Professor Flirmans said:
"Modern biology has proved that living organisms did not arise as a result of evolution, but themselves are evidence of the fact of divine creation."
Professor David Menton
Professor David Menton, an anatomy professor at the University of Washington, expresses his faith in God in the following words: "I have been doing anatomy for 30 years. In every research I have come across the truth: everything exists thanks to the Perfect Divine creation."
Professor John Morris
The famous geologist Professor John Morris is the director of the Institute for the Study of the Creation of the Earth in the United States - the most active scientific organization created by scientists who defend the point of view of the Divine Creation of the Universe.
In one of his speeches, Professor Morris stated as follows about his belief in God and that the theory of evolution has been refuted by science:
"We, doctors and professors, are religious people. We believe in God. We sincerely believe that God is the Creator. God the Creator is the One on Whom our life depends and to whom we must obey. Humanity owes its existence to Him and therefore must live so that He is pleased with us.
The truth of history is Creation, not evolution. All data confirm this. Many scientists have seen that Darwinism is a completely scientifically disproven phenomenon. Now they are disseminating the results of their research. We, using this data, are able to convey a more correct approach, that is, a way of thinking that takes into account the truth of Creation. And you can also communicate data on this issue to the people around you. We must trust science, and we must trust the science that confirms the truth of Creation. ”128
Arthur Peacock
Arthur Peacock, a renowned biochemist and head of the Ian Ramsey Center, speaks of his faith in God as follows:
"God creates and is present in every moment of the world He created. God is above the past, present and future. He is Eternal and Primordial, because His nothingness has never been, is not and will not be in the future."
Professor Albert Macomp Winstis
After defending his doctoral dissertation at the University of Texas, Albert Winstis became professor of biology at Paylor University and chairman of the Florida Academy of Science.
Speaking about the fact that scientific work has strengthened his faith in God, Professor Winstis stated:
“I worked in various fields of human knowledge and devoted many years to this occupation. At the same time, I can sincerely declare that I have never encountered anything in science that would shake my faith in God. On the contrary, research only strengthened my conviction, that the Creator exists Now my faith is much stronger and more stable.
Without a doubt, science helps a person to see more clearly the Power and Greatness of the Creator. When we discover something new in our field, our faith in God is strengthened ... The more our knowledge grows, the better we get to know what God has created, so much will our conviction that the Lord exists. "130
Mahdi Gulshani
Professor of physics at the University of Tehran Mahdi Gulshani in an interview given by him to the magazine "Newsweek", arguing about faith and the unity of scientific research with religion, expressed as follows:
“Natural phenomena are the traces of Allah in the Universe. To study them is almost a religious duty. The Quran tells people:“ Walk on the earth and see how We have created everything. ”Research is a religious action, because in its process the perfection of the Divine becomes even clearer Creations ".131
Professor Edwin Faust
Professor Faust defended his doctoral dissertation at the University of Oklahoma. There he teaches physics. This scientist believes that the Universe and living organisms could not arise as a result of the fact that the atoms, which are the building material of matter, combined in the right combinations by themselves. He says:
"The Most High is the Creator who created all that exists. These words are simple, but they contain great meaning, because they express the greatness and holiness of the true God."
Charles H. Townes
Townes, who discovered the laser, continues his research at the University of Berkeley. He speaks of his faith in God:
"As a religious person, I deeply feel the existence of the Creator and his influence on the entire Universe."
John Polkinghorn
The renowned physicist Polkinghorn, working at the University of Cambridge, is an expert in particle physics. In an interview with Newsweek magazine, he said:
"When you realize how supernaturally finely the laws of nature were adjusted in order for the universe to arise, you see that this world was not created just like that, but there is some purpose behind it."
“In my opinion, the basic element of faith in God is the realization that there is an idea and a purpose in the universe.” 135
Hugh Ross
Renowned American astrophysicist and University of Toronto professor Hugh Ross is chairman of the Founding of Faith Society, which advocates the truth of Creation. He is the author of many books on cosmology and creation. Among them are "The Creator and the Cosmos", "Creation and Time", "On the Other Side of the Cosmos". Here are some of Ross's comments on the creation of the universe.
"If space and time arose together as a result of an explosion, then the cause that prompted the universe to arise must be absolutely independent of time and space. This tells us that the Creator is on the other side of all dimensions of the universe."
"The Supreme Wise Creator created the Universe out of nothing. The Supreme Wise Creator designed the Universe and the planet Earth. And again the Supreme Wise Creator created life."
Professor Dr. Duane Gish
Professor of Biochemistry at the University of California, Duane Gish became famous for his religiosity and determined fight against Darwinism. Gish is often talked about in the scientific world because he constantly participates in anti-evolutionist forums and discussions with followers of this theory.
In 1998, the Scientific Research Foundation organized an international conference entitled "The Collapse of the Theory of Evolution: The Truth of Creation", which took place in three stages: April 4 and July 5 in Istanbul, July 12 in Ankara. Scientists of world renown, who at the same time are deeply religious people, were invited and spoke to this conference.
Professor Guiche spoke three times at the 1998 conference "The Collapse of Evolution: The Truth of Creation" in Turkey. Here is one of Guiche's statements on the subject, expressing his firm belief in Creation:
"Evolutionary theory is already dying. The idea of \u200b\u200bCreation is being presented with clear evidence. Thousands of scientists find this concept more convincing. Their number is growing every day."
Dr. Pierre Gunnar Jerlström
Professor of Molecular Biology at Griffith University Gerlström has done a lot of work in his field and has won various scientific awards for them. Djerlström is constantly published in scientific journals. He is a supporter of the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Creation of the Universe. 139
Dr. Stephen Grokott
Grokott, an industrial chemist at Western Australian University, has done a great deal of research in analytical and industrial chemistry. Grokott is the author of many scientific articles. Initially, he was an evolutionist, however, faced with the evidence of Creation, he took this point of view and broke with Darwinism. Grokott has attended many scientific conferences on the creation of the universe. 140
Dmitry Kuznetsov
The Russian scientist Kuznetsov, who claims that many scientists, faced in the course of their research with the immutability of truth, begin to believe in God and turn to religion, is famous for his scientific discussions with evolutionists.141
Dr. Emil Sylvester
Professor of the University of Babes-Bolyai, Dr. Sylvester, is a recognized authority on the geology of caves. By publishing his articles in international academic journals and being the head of the world's first institute of speleology, Dr. Sylvester defends the position of the Creation of the Universe ... 142
Dr. Andre Eggen
Creationist Dr. Andre Eggen is the author of extensive research into animal genetics. He is currently working on the program of the French government. 143
Dr. Ian McReady
Dr. McReady is the author of important works in molecular biology and microbiology. He has completed more than 60 studies as Chief Research Officer at the Biomolecular Research Institute of the Australian Science and Industry Research Organization. This great scientist, who believes in the creation of the Universe, was awarded the highest award of the Australian Microbiological Society.144
Professor Andro Sinovaivi
The world-renowned physiologist Sinovaivi was head of the Physiology and Pharmacology Department of Northwestern University from 1925 to 1946. From 1946 to 1953, he served as Dean of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Geneva as a professor, and then became a professor of physiology at the University of Chicago. To the question "Does everything have a Creator?" Sinovaivi replies: "Yes, I believe in His existence!" Moreover, Sinovaivi says:
"I believe in the existence of God, as in the existence of myself, as in the reality of a thing that I can touch with my hand. Undoubtedly, my faith in the Lord is the only and highest way to think about the created world and find meaning in it. Conviction in the existence of the Creator. adds to the being called man much more meaning than the idea that man is just a clot of matter and energy. Faith in God is the source of the highest and most humane thoughts about love. "
Dr. Raymond Jones
Jones is a researcher with many years at the Australian Government Research Organization. He became famous for solving the Leucaena problem and thereby earning millions of dollars for Australian agriculture. At the same time, he is a supporter of the idea of \u200b\u200bCreation.146
Jules H. Poirir
As an electronics design engineer, Poirir is involved in critical defense and space research projects commissioned by the US government. Poirir's work at the University of California in the fields of physics, mathematics, and electronic engineering has found widespread use in American defense and space programs. Faced with examples of the manifestation of the power of the Most High in living organisms, Poirir defends the point of view of their Creation by God. On this issue, the scientist wrote a book telling about a stunning example of a project enclosed in a monarch butterfly. This work was originally titled From Darkness to Light to Flight: Monarch - the Miracle Butterfly. 147
Michael J. Behe
Another famous scientist in the world who adheres to the point of view of the existence of intelligent design in the Universe and in living organisms is Michael J. Behe. He is professor of biology at Lehi University in Pennsylvania. Behe, who has published a number of articles in such reputable newspapers as the New York Times and the Boston review, is also the author of Darwin's Black Box.
This work, claiming that evolutionary theory is unacceptable from the point of view of biology, survived in the 80s of the XX century. several editions.
Behe proves the inconsistency of the theory of evolution, applying the concept of "indecomposable complexity". According to his idea, the organism of living beings simultaneously contains many parts and organs that work in complete harmony with each other. If one of the parts fails, it will affect the whole body and as a result it will lose its vital functions. Therefore, their accidental or stepwise occurrence is impossible. In his book "Darwin's Black Box" Michael Behe \u200b\u200bwrites:
"They were not formed by the laws of nature due to necessity or accident. All this was planned in advance. The person who prepares the project knows best what the final systems will be as a whole. Therefore, every step in the formation of systems was thought out in advance. Life on earth , from its simplest forms to the most complex - the result of a conscious design, which contains all the reality surrounding us.In order to realize the conscious design of biochemical systems of living organisms, it is not necessary to create new principles of logic or science. Research carried out in the field of biochemistry in recent years 40 years is enough to undeniably show all these truths that surround us in everyday life. "148
Philip Johnson
Philip Johnson is Professor of Law at the University of Chicago, author of many studies on the ideological side of the theory of evolution. He owns books "Darwin on Trial", "Reason in the Balance", "Objection sustained", three books on criminal law and many articles. Johnson, known for his relentless struggle with the theory of evolution, is at the same time a believer.
Here are some of his comments on the subject:
“As a religious person, I deeply believe in God and His Creation.” 149
.… I want to challenge materialistic evolution. Let's rally around the Creator! 150
Charles Birch
Professor at the University of Sydney, Australia, Birch is renowned for his dedication to creation. In 1990 he was awarded the Templeton Prize for his contribution to the spread of religion for his scientific struggle against atheism. He expressed his faith in the Almighty in the following words:
“God, who is the source of all values, is closer to man than his hands and breath. The existence of God is true.” 151
God created the earth and makes it alive.152
S. Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Professor of Physics and Head of the Science Division at the English Open University, Burnell was among the astronauts who discovered the star Atarca. Burnell, a believer in God, puts it this way:
... I believe in the Almighty, Omniscient God, who is at the same time Merciful to us and keeps us ... 153
... I am confident in the existence of the One God.154
Professor Owen Gingerich
Professor of astronomy and historian of science Gingerich is a scientist convinced of the existence of the Supreme Creator. He expresses his religious feelings as follows:
… I believe in God, Who possesses the Greatest and Excellent Knowledge. He planned and carried out the Creation of the Universe ... I believe that the appearance of people was the main principle for the creation of the Universe, and also that humanity, with its consciousness, conscience, morality, ability to distinguish truth from falsehood, serves as proof of the manifestation of God. "
Professor Karl Friedrich von Weizsacker
A professor of physics at the Max Planck University in Germany speaks of his faith in God as follows:
… One of the issues in which I am fully confident is the existence of God. .156
Professor David Berlinsky
Berlinsky, a professor of mathematics at Princeton University, is convinced that living organisms have not undergone evolution, but, on the contrary, are the fruit of a conscious project. In many of his speeches, Berlinsky calls God the author of this project. Here are some examples of Berlinsky's statements:
... Life has a complex structure, and this is created according to a precise project. Reason is needed even to make a thimble. Why, then, should other things in my life appear differently? 157
... Molecular biology shows that all living things were created by God.158
Professor William Lane Craig
Craig, a professor of philosophy at the University of Birmingham and a professor of theology at the University of Munich, believes that God created the universe out of nothing for a purpose. Here's what he writes:
The existence of the universe has a specific purpose. I believe that the cause of the Universe is the One God-Creator. Otherwise, how would a temporary action flow from the action of the infinite? .. Both science and philosophy come to the conclusion that the universe had a beginning. Every existing thing has a reason for its appearance, which in itself does not need anything, it is infinite, unchanging, timeless and immaterial and has an independent will.
As a result, I admit that believing in God is logical 159
“In fact, according to the rule that“ nothing can come from nothing ”, the Big Bang must have a supernatural reason. On the contrary, what led to the Big Bang must be unimaginably powerful, completely independent of the Universe, and absolutely beyond space and time.Moreover, this cause must be a conscious force with an independent will ... Therefore, the root cause of the Universe. is the Creator, Who created everything exclusively according to His desire at a certain moment in the past. "160
Dr. Kurt Weiss
Kurt Weiss is a professor of mathematics and science at Bayenne College, a paleontologist known for his anti-evolutionary opposition and strong religious beliefs. He says about this:
"Creation is not a theory. The fact that God created the universe is truth itself ..." 161
Siegfried Hartwig Scherer
Professor of Anthropology at the University of Zurich Scherer is the author of a book titled "Is Ramapithecus a Human Ancestor?" Scherer, who claims in his works that the facts of paleontology refute the theory of evolution, and also that monkeys are not the ancestors of humans, is sure that living organisms were created by God.162
J.P. Morland
Morland is a professor of philosophy at the University of Southern California and the author of The Creation Hypothesis. Morland is known as a scientist committed to faith in the Creator. 163
Paul A. Nelson
Nelson, a professor of biology at the University of Chicago, is one of the proponents of the idea that living organisms are the fruit of a conscious project.164
Professor Jonathan Wells
Wells is a professor of theology at Yell University and a professor of molecular and cellular biology at the University of Berkeley, and is the author of a book called A Critique of Charles Hodge's Darwinism. Wells believes that the latest scientific evidence proves that living organisms are the fruit of Creation.165
Dr. Don Batten
Dr. Batten has carried out a large body of research in plant physiology and has received many academic awards for it.
In addition to plant physiology, Batten, being a religious person, has published numerous books and articles on the evidence of Creation found on Earth. Batten regularly travels around the world, giving lectures on "Answers to Creation Questions." In them, he talks about the evidence for the Creation of the Universe and life by God, using a language that is understandable to people who are not initiated into scientific problems. The first such tour of an Australian scientist took place in England in 1995.166
Dr. John Baumgardner
Dr. Baumgardner is involved in geophysics and space physics, and also teaches at the University of California. Despite the fact that Baumgardner was raised in the spirit of evolutionary theory, his own research into the dead-end problems of this concept led to abandoning it and moving to the point of view of the Creation of the Universe.167
Professor Dr. Donald Chittic
Donald Chittick is a professor of chemistry at the University of Oregon, who has won many awards for his work. Chittik, convinced of the truth of Creation, participates in seminars on the subject, such as Evidence of Creation, Creation and the Primeval World, etc. 168
Dr. Wenner Gitt
Professor and Director of the German Federal Institute of Physics, Dr. Gitt, is the author of many scientific articles in the fields of mathematics, computer science and control equipment engineering. At the same time, the pen of Gitta, who believes in Creation, owns several books on this topic: "Did God Use Evolution?", "In the Beginning Was Knowledge", "The Stars and Their Purpose: Heavenly Guides", "If Animals Could Talk?" and others. 169
Dr. Harry E. Parker
Early in his career, Parker, now professor of biology, physiology, and geology at Balla State University, was an evolutionist. Faced with compelling evidence for the truth of creation, Parker accepted this view and rejected the theory of evolution. Parker is the author of many books on biology and creation. In recent years, he often takes part in scientific seminars, where he defends his point of view.170
Dr. Margaret Helder
Alberta Yaratëlëyu Bilimleri Derneri "nin baëkane olan, tnemli bilim adame, botanikçi Dr. Helder, yaratëlëyua inanan kaden bilim adamlarë arasënda belki de en aktif olanedär. Zevremizde gördiniémér.
Professor Dr. Jonathan D. Sarfati
The chairman of the Alberta Society for Creation Sciences, Dr. Helder, is a prominent botanist and perhaps the most active advocate of the truth of creation. Dr. Helder is the author of many articles on the overwhelming evidence for the truth of Creation that surrounds us everywhere.172
Professor Robert Matthews
Professor of physics at Oxford University Robert Matthews, in a book he wrote in 1992, speaks of the miracle of Divine Creation in the following words:
"All these processes - from a cell to a living baby, then to a small child and, finally, to an adult - proceed in perfect harmony. Such phenomena that are observed in all areas of biology can only be explained by a miracle. How is it that such a perfect and a complex organism arises from such a simple and small cell? From a cell smaller than the small dot above the letter "i", a Human grows. This is nothing but a miracle! "173
Dr. Claude Tremontand
Dr. Claude Tremontand conducts his scientific activities at the University of Paris. His conviction that the world did not arise by chance, but was created, in the magazine "Realities" he expressed as follows:
"No theory of chances is capable of explaining the Creation of our world. To assert that living organisms were created by chance is meaningless."
Dr. Don Page
Don Page defended his doctoral dissertation in physics and astronomy in 1976 at the University of California, working side by side with some of the most prominent scientists of today. Page believes that understanding the laws of the Universe will help to comprehend the Wisdom and Power of the Creator, while believing that Divine Greatness and Knowledge are not limited to the Universe.175
Dr. Andrew Snelling
Geology Professor Dr. Snelling is a member of research groups such as CSIRO and ANSTO, as well as the US-British-Swiss-Japanese Science Program. He has published many articles on the results of these studies.
Snelling, who has received many awards for his contributions to science, is the author of a number of articles on the evidence for Creation in living organisms.176
Dr. Karl Wieland
Dr. Wieland is a prominent promoter of the evidence for the truth of Creation. He has published many articles on this issue in various international journals ... 177
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)
Galileo Galilei is the first human to see the sky through a telescope. Galileo was the first to proclaim that the Earth is round, and suggested that the moon has dark regions, mountains and craters. Having made a great contribution to science and rightfully occupying an honorable place in its history, this man believed that reason, the ability to feel and speak were given to us by God, and believed that these gifts should be used in the best way. He defended the evidence that everything in nature exists due to divine design. Galileo said that "nature, without a doubt, is the Second Book of God, from which we must not give up, which we must read," thus arguing that there can be no contradictions between the Holy Books and Divine creations, because both others are created by God
Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727)
Newton, considered the greatest scientist of all time, was both a mathematician and a physicist. If we evaluate Newton's contribution to science, then first of all we should point to his discovery of the law of universal gravitation. Newton linked force and acceleration through the concept of mass. He deduced the principle of action and reaction, put forward the thesis that the speed of a body will not change if the resultant force on the body is equal to zero.
For four centuries, Newton's dynamic laws have been applied without change in all areas of human activity: from the simplest engineering calculations to the most complex technological projects.
In addition to the law of universal gravitation, Newton made important discoveries in such fundamental fields as mechanics and optics. By discovering the seven colors that make up light, Newton laid the foundation for optics as a completely new branch of science.
Along with these achievements, which for a long time determined the further development of human thought, Newton wrote serious works that refute atheism and defend the hypothesis of creation. He formulated his point of view as follows: "Creation is the only scientific explanation." Newton believed that the mechanical Universe, which, in his words, is a "gigantic clock working nonstop", can only be the product of a Creator possessing Infinite Knowledge and Power.
Newton's discoveries, which changed the course of the world process, were based on his desire to get closer to God. For Newton, the study of God's creations became the way of knowing God and approaching Him. With such a goal in front of him, the scientist eagerly devoted himself to research work. This is what Newton says in his Principia Mathematica about the reason that inspired his scientific research:
"As weak slaves, we need God. To the extent of our mind, we must comprehend the power and greatness of Divine Knowledge and surrender to Him."
"The Almighty is Infinite and Absolute. He is Almighty and Omniscient. His existence is associated with eternity. He knows about everything that was, and about everything that will be. He is Infinite and Infinite. He is Eternal. His existence is infinite. He is present everywhere. Being present." anytime, anywhere, He creates time and its intervals
Michael Faraday (1791 - 1867)
Faraday, recognized as the greatest physicist of his time, played an important role in the study of the phenomena of electricity and magnetism. In addition to physics, Faraday made a significant contribution to chemistry.
He was a scientist who believed in God, who believed that science and religion should be in harmony. Faraday believed that "since the world was created by the One Creator, everything in nature is a particle of a single whole." Based on this principle, Faraday came to the conclusion that electricity and magnetism are related to each other.
Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)
One of the most significant scientists of our era, Albert Einstein, was at the same time a religious person. He argued that science cannot develop in isolation from religion. He owns these words:
"I cannot imagine a real scientist who would not have deep faith. It can be expressed this way: you cannot believe in godless science."
Einstein believed that the miraculous order present in the Universe could not have arisen by chance and that the world around was created by a Creator with a Supreme Intelligence. For Einstein, who often wrote about his belief in God, the miraculous nature of the order in the universe was extremely important. Above, we quoted Einstein's well-known words that "godless science is lame" 49 in which he expressed how inseparable, in his opinion, the connection between science and religion.
Einstein stated that "there must be some kind of religious awe in everyone who studies nature."
He also said: "Anyone who is seriously engaged in science is convinced that there is a certain spirit in the laws of nature, and this spirit is higher than man. For this reason, pursuing science leads a person to religion."
Einstein's point of view on science is found in the following words:
"When religious feeling disappears, science becomes simple experimentation without inspiration.