For a child, during a good assembly, you can develop an idea to, for example, an office souvenir.
The basis of the toy is the simplest hitch schema (although of course it is better to do on the board), consisting of a transistor, diode and a particularly wound coil hidden in the bottom. The "seat" swing is a magnet, it is better to choose neodymium, they are now fully, although it will completely come down and the usual one.
The coil is wrapped with a double wire cross section of each approximately 0.25-0.3 about 1,500 turns, i.e. In parallel 2. copper wires and dangle on the coil. The scheme shows that the end of the first wire is connected to the beginning of the second. The form of the coil chose from the logical considerations of oval, because A magnet passing over it will be better interacting in the length of the larger diagonal of the ellipse. The core did not use so you can experiment with him. Motion is better carefully, the turn to the turn, but not necessarily.
Transistor direct conductivity, you can take MP39 ... 42, a diode any, the battery is normal at 1.5 volts. For convenience, it is better to make a switch.
I apologize for the handicraft assembly, but I did it in school years on the naked enthusiasm in the scheme from the old father's notepad with schemes, so it's really unknown, where she came from, and I just wanted to see how it works as soon as possible.
It starts simply, turn on the device and push the magnet, after a couple of seconds you will notice how intensively starts the pendulum. The system will work better if it turns out to create a resonance, i.e. Equality of the frequency of the scheme and its own frequency of the pendulum, which is calculated by the formula. Here it is achieved fitting all the parameters of the pendulum. Fasten the rod is better on 2 bearings, and not on the 1st as I have.
In other houses they are - large vintage watches in the polished closet red Tree, with a pendulum and two big brilliant chain weights. In such hours, something mysterious lies - through them, it is like that itself speaks with us and about the past, and about the present, and about the future ...
I dreamed about a clock with a pendulum for a very long time, but they were somehow not inherited from the second grandmothers, and they asked for them for them, for which you could buy a completely decent car type VAZ.
But once in the store I got on the eyes of ordinary wall-mounted electronic watches - and precisely with such a dial as I saw in dreams. Thilly thinking, I bought them - they were not expensive at all. I bought because in my thoughts instantly appeared - the clock that I had so long had dreamed and which was different from the electronic only with a wardrobe with a glazed door and measuringly swinging pendulum. But the wardrobe and the pendulum I will try to do myself!
The housing for the clock turned out from the old bookshelf - I swallowed it along the two unequal parts, and the smaller of them width 120 mm became the basis of the cabinet. Well, from the skulls left after this operation, I cut out the workpiece for the door, glued them epoxy resin And glazed. By the way, for fastening the glass quite approached the W-shaped plastic profile - This is usually used to install "engines" in cabinets and book shelvesHowever, he has not badly replaced the headquarters when the door is glazed.
The greatest complexity caused undertaking pendulum mechanism. Of course, it would be possible to design a real pendulum, which sets the accuracy of the e-watch movement, but there was no reason to create such a complex device, and I developed a much simpler electromechanical device, completely imitating the movement of the pendulum.
The pendulum is a rod made from a polished duraluminum tube with a diameter of 12 × 1 mm, having a suspension point on a line dividing it in a 1: 2 ratio. Suspension hinge is a steel bracket with screw in it with two M5 mounting screws with conical terminal parts. The pendulum rod is dried, respectively, two cylindrical holes with a diameter of 2 mm. At the bottom of the pendulum, a decorative disk is fixed and the cargo is the first one from the CD, and the second is from the steel strip. If necessary, reducing or increasing the cargo, you can change the frequency of the oscillations of the pendulum.
1-electronic clock; 2- locker housing; 3 electromagnet; 4-anchor pendulum; 5-door of the locker; 6-jumper for fastening switches; 7-loop; 8-pin switch petal; 9-closer; 10-hinge pendulum; 11-shelf for attaching electronic hours and pendulum; 12-rod pendulum; 13 - imitation of watch weights; 14-imitation of the pendulum disk; 15-rear case wall; 16-load pendulum
1-pin petal (foil textolite S2); 2 - connecting wire; 3 - switch housing (D16 sheet 1.5); 4-washer (polyethylene); 5 - Screw center for return spring; 6-return spring; 7-rod springs centering
A-pendulum begins to move, while the closer concerns the contact petal of the first switch, including the electromagnet power supply chain; B-Using an anchor approach to the axis of the electromagnet, the contact petal clenches from the closer and the power supply circuit of the electromagnet is broken; In - after stopping in the dead point, the pendulum starts movement in the opposite direction, the closer towards the second switch's contact petal and includes the electromagnet power supply.
The numbers in the diagram are indicated:
1-electromagnet; 2-anchor pendulum; 3-closer; 4-rod pendulum; 5-axis of swing pendulum; 6-switches
Anchor is fixed in the upper part of the rod, an anchor is fixed - they will need a 4 mm thick strip for it. To mount it on the rod in the hole, drilled in anchor, the thread M12x0.5 mm is cut.
The "engine" of the pendulum is an electromagnet - it is possible to make it from the output transformer or throttle from the old tube receiver or a broadcast loudspeaker. You only need to go through its core consisting of basic W-shaped and closing rectangular plates, and the latter should be removed (they will not need for an electromagnet), and from the first to add a new core in the form of a thick letter "sh". The winding will have to rewind in accordance with the value of the current, which can provide a source - for example, a charger for mobile phone. Practice has shown that when using the source direct current The 5V voltage is quite suitable from the PE type wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm when winding it up before filling the frame. By the way, the winding is most convenient with hand drillenshrined in test Tisca. The frame itself will have to fix on the threaded rod with the help of two pairs of washers and nuts, and the rod - in the cartridge drill.
Unfortunately, with the help of only one electromagnet, the pendulum will not be able to move into motion - two switches will be required, including an electromagnet only in those moments when the pendulum anchor moves in its direction.
Each of the switches consists of a contact petal made from one-sided foil textolite. The petal is hingedly fastened in a duralumin case and is held in a vertical position with a pair of springs.
The process of commuting the electromagnet is shown in the diagram. When the armature moves to the electromagnet, the closure installed on the pendulum rod touches the conducting side of the first switch's contact petal, including the power of the electromagnet. The latter begins to attract an anchor to himself, but when approaching the center of an electromagnet, the contact petal clenches from the closer, breaking the power circuit, and the pendulum continues in the inertia. Next, on the path of the closer - the isolated side of the contact petal of the second switch, so the closer will unlamordably dismiss it and continue to move to the stop in the dead point, and then swings towards the electromagnet, and halfway the closer will touch the second switch of the second switch to it, which turns on electromagnet. Well, then the process will be repeated until the device is connected to the current source.
Here, actually, and that's it.
Assembly of the pendulum mechanism does not represent complexity. The main thing here is to provide a minimum gap between the anchor and the electromagnet (about 0.5 mm) and adjust the position of the contact lobes of the switch relative to the closer. To bring the pendulum in motion, it is enough to just swing it.
The clock will be indistinguishable from real old pendulum, if the door of the doors will be suspended on the chains two "Giri" - make them the easiest way from the trimming of duralumin pipes, which should be polished to the mirror glitter.
In addition, the accuracy of the perception of hours will greatly influence the thoroughness of the finishes of their corps.
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Oddly enough, but even in such a huge storage of information, as a runet, you will not soon find serious information on how to make it yourself. Undoubtedly, you will immediately get across the eyes of simple designs of this device. But here's serious information, the explanation of the principles of his work will have to search. If you scored in the search engine the phrase "how to make a magnetic engine with your own hands" and stumbled upon this article, you may have to some extent lucky. Next - about the features of the operation of this device and an example of it simplest model.
The power of such an engine directly depends on the magnetic mass - stronger magnetThe more powerful the engine will be. However, this rule is relative. One example can be given - a gigantic magnet volume in cubic meter. Its mass - from 8 to 12 tons. He himself creates a huge force field, Therefore, even approach it is dangerous and. By the way, B. real life This phenomenon is almost impossible. Such a magnet is able to tie the train rails to the node, which will transport it, squeeze the car and finish sticking to it. So, what can be seen from this example? On the one hand, the larger the magnetic mass, the better. However, before a certain limit. Too much magnet mass is a decrease in engine efficiency and additional problems.
When drafting a device scheme, it is worth considering several points. First, the element that is used as a movable part cannot slip through the magnetic field. The driving force arises due to the non-uniformity of the field - there is no driving forces in a constant field. Devices working under the influence of the above phenomenon are ineffective. This must be considered if you wish the engine on permanent magnets with your own hands. The capacity of such a device depends on a number of reasons. First of all, from the closure of the magnetic field to the working clearance, the efficiency of the design will be quite low without magnetic pipeline. Due to the fact that the "free inventors" of the engine often do not take into account these rules, they, as a rule, it does not work, or their creation works unsatisfactory. The most important thing in the manufacture of such a device is to correctly determine the driving moment.
And now let's talk directly about how to make a magnetic engine with your own hands. The reader will be presented the most simple model. You will need a small magnet made of rare earth alloy that will be main detail Designs. What he is less, the better. In this magnet there must be a small hole.
By the way, after this experiment, the magnet will completely lose its properties, so use the one that you will not mind losing. You still come in handy wire - thick steel and thin copper. You also have to choose a candle of the desired size. Make a base for a pendulum swing in the form of an inverted letter P (the base for it should not be wooden). Suspend magnet on it. To do this, it is necessary to turn a thin copper wire.
On the side inside the design, we suspend the usual magnet is relaxing so that the little stretch to it, but so that at the same time the angle of the pendulum is small, insufficient to ensure that the small magnet touched the big side, but sufficient to the flame of the candle you put under it, He did not touch him when he would take a vertical position. When handling the latter, expect caution. So, you must put a candle in such a way that it is under a small magnet at the moment when it becomes attracted to the big one.
The fire demagnetizes him, and at the same time he loses its properties, and due to this pendulum occupies a strictly vertical position. When a small magnet is cooled, then again begins to reach the big one. This cycle of pendulum oscillations will not stop until the candle does not leave it until it is removed.
To make a more "serious" magnetic engine with your own hands, it is worth studying the schemes, choose the item you need. But it is not least important to know that such a device works. The engine is not so difficult to produce the engine, almost anyone can do it.
Cradle Newton.
Hello. The other day I decided to make it an interesting and informative for my son, my attention was stopped on Newton's pendulum or how some of them are called Newton's cradle (and sometimes Newton's balls).
He is mechanical systemwho invented the English actor in 1967, called him Simon Probl.
This pendulum you, of course, have seen physics in the office, the teacher on his example explains to children, as the energy is converted to various types, each other, for example, potential energy into kinetic and back.
The tools that I used:
1) Pliers.
2) hammer.
3) Beard.
4) a file.
5) Soldering iron.
6) plug.
7) tweezers.
From the materials for the manufacture of a pendulum, I needed only:
1) Bearing.
2) rosin.
3) Solder.
4) Copper wire (thin).
5) thick copper wire (four square millimeters).
6) Threads.
7) glue.
To begin with, I would like to tell a little about how I was withdrawn the balls from the bearing. I just told me one buddy, how they were not completely safe with his comrade, we can even say at all safe method And almost lost their eyes. He said that he put the bearing on solid surface, hit the hammer on the clip and the balls scattered (they lost two balls). I did not risk it and began to disassemble it.
At first I removed the glands.
Then pensions on the separator (there, where rivets) with a slight movement of the hammer blung and arched the separator to the other side in several places and dismantled with it with pliers.
Next, grouped all the balls, the pliers shifted the inner ring to the outer ring.
I easily manage to pull the balls with such simple manipulations, without damaging anything and others. Moreover, not one ball did not leave the field of my vision.
Further, I cleaned the place, where I will be plated the ring.
Pretty halfded this place to rosin.
Found in the bins a piece of the multicore wire of small cross section. Pull the pliers one veil.
And he made rings from him.
Sloped rings on the ball. He tried to keep as much as possible.
As the first ball comes say. He reworked the sting of the soldering iron on the ball, and he darkened (he got a thermal burn: Wink :).
The rings so that there were even a little bit alike on each other, twisted with the already ready. Then he did the same manipulations with the rest of the balls.
As a result, I got seven not quite beautiful (stunned by Kanifoli) Cheburashek, and one of them became a neotroid race.
After processing felt with paste goy. (Even an African American began to glisten). As I understood on the trials, I did not follow the balls on the magnet, they were magnetized, and had to demagnetize them. I did it with the help of a frameless magnetic coil shot from a non-working old TV. Information for those who want to demagnetize these coils only on the TVs of an old sample with an electron-beam tube, in other matters almost any frameless coil comes up. And one more detail, the voltage supplied to the coil must be variable.
Further long and painful thread product through the rings.
Cleaning from insulation conduction, four square millimeters began to make the frame of the future pendulum.
First I made a frame as on lower photo, but he was ineffective, turned out to be too low (not enough acceleration) and he took part of the energy of the balls (the mustache the balls were swinging).
And it was decided to make a stronger and slightly higher design.
Threads tied, making several revolutions. This is done so that when adjusting the location of the balls with turning the thread, it did not scroll through the balls tied to it. From the beginning simply tied the thread on one side of the resulting frame.
Then (adjusting at the same time) tied to another beam.
And at the end, I adjusted the balls (twisting the thread on the beam) so that they lined up in one row as much as possible, because it also depends very much how long it will click. After a point setting, I applied a small amount of adhesive over the beam over the beam, thereby fixing them from scrolling and moving along the beam.
Each of us is familiar to the decoration in the Chinese clock, which is made in the form of a "eternal" turntable or pendulum. Build a similar miracle is completely simple and will take it no more than half an hour. Take a look at the scheme below:
When the SB1 switch is applied to the power supply circuit, the VT1 transistor will be closed, since its base through the L1 coil will be connected to the emitter. No offset, the transistor is closed, current through L2 is also not. Love permanent magnet To the lace and shop our improvised pendulum in the immediate vicinity of the coils L1, L2 (they are wound on one carcass). When it approaches the L1 coil, the EMF will begin to induce it, which will open the transistor. The closer the magnet, the stronger the transistor and the greater the current in the L2 coil, which is its magnetic field Our magnet begins to attract.
At the moment when the pendulum takes place just above the coils, these values \u200b\u200bare maximal, and as soon as the inertia's pendulum starts to be deleted, the EMF will change the sign and the transistor closes. Thus, the pendulum is attracted only in the first half of the period, in the second he goes on inertia. Like the real swings that we swing, having swamped legs into the first half-period of swing. The VD1 diode prevents generation that may occur on the resonant frequency of the circuit L1, L2.
Now let's talk about the design of our swing. Coils L1 and L2 are wound at the same time with a wire with a diameter of 0.08 - 0.1 mm on the frame suitable sizes. For example, on this:
We wind out the more, the better, before filling. The more turns, the fewer voltages to work the pendulum. When connecting coils, you need to observe the phasing - the beginning of the first to connect with the end of the second. As a core suits trim any iron Bolt Or even bolt is entirely if it is short. Before use, this bolt must be burned - heat hot on gas and cool in air.
The transistor is best taken with the maximum possible transmission coefficient. Any low-power Germany is suitable (even a silicon) direct (P-N-P) conductivity worked. If the conductivity in the transistor is reverse (N-P-N), it also does not matter - it is enough to change the polarity of the power supply and diode VD1.
Pendulum or swing do your taste. It is only important that the magnet located on the base of the pendulum passed several millimeters from the coil core. Magnet itself is anything, the more powerful, the better, but nothing special does not have to search. Perfectly suit a piece of "black", ferrite magnet From the dynamic head or iron - from the old children's motor.
As a power source, a finger or any other galvanic element is used, which is enough for many months of the design, and the SB1 switch can be safely abandoned, because in the calm position of our pendulum the transistor is closed and current consumption by a scheme is minimal. If the magnet is very weak or swing for it are heavy, then you can increase the supply voltage to 3 V, turning on the two items sequentially.