Every day we are faced with the need to solve some problems and circumstances that constantly test our strength. And in today's world of all sorts of worries and stresses, our life values play a huge role, which are a kind of pointers on the path of life.
If everything we say and do is in line with ours, life is correct and meaningful, and we ourselves are satisfied and confident in ourselves. However, it often happens that our actions diverge from deep-seated beliefs, which is why irritability. And this is an indicator that something is wrong. In addition, such feelings can make us unhappy, and only when we always act according to our conscience, both self-esteem and a state of happiness are preserved.
Life values a person can be safely called his internal compass, according to which it is necessary to verify all steps. After all, when there are certain attitudes, it is much easier for a person to think through actions and, which is the basis of a productive and fulfilling life.
But let's think about what our life values can be.
Did you know that 99 of the 100 richest Russians according to Forbes magazine have children?? I will tell you more about this below.
Are you satisfied with your job, family relationships, health, internal state ? There are various problems that happen in every person's life, but many difficulties can be avoided if you act in accordance with the right values in life.
Now I will talk about 8 life values and how their satisfaction affects the level of happiness.
8 Life Values
1. Spiritual development. This is your moral state and actions, understanding of life values.
2. Family, loved ones. Your relationship with your soulmate, relatives, friends.
3. Health, sports. Your well-being. Regularity in general examinations can also be attributed to this section, since many diseases can be asymptomatic until the very last stage.
4. Financial situation. Satisfaction with financial position.
5. Career. Career and finances are separated because for many, self-realization in a career is more important than income, for some it is the other way around.
6. Rest, emotions.
7. Self-development.
8. Environment. People you interact with frequently, at work and in other public places.
If you want, you can supplement with your other life values.
Priorities in life values
The maximum efficiency and level of experienced happiness is achieved under 2 conditions:
Your values in life are correct;
You are as close as possible to the uniform satisfaction of all life values.
Now let's analyze these 2 conditions a little and start with the first: Correct life values. Each life value has its own priority.
The main life value is spiritual development, i.e. your moral state. The importance is that negative actions have a bad effect on everyone spheres of life: health, leisure, finance, etc. The reason is that bad deeds create conflict with yourself, or rather, with your conscience. Think back to how you felt after the fight. Irritability, headache, stress, etc. are the result of any negative emotions.
All bad deeds are in conflict with your conscience, as a result, stress hormones are produced., which lower immunity, worsen your mood, etc. If, from a moral point of view, you do good deeds, then happiness hormones are produced that strengthen the body's strength and improve mood, which, in turn, affects all other areas of life.
Let's designate the main vital value from above.
The second most important value is family. Problems in the family, as well as in the value of "spiritual development" strongly affect all areas of life, the principle is about the same.
3rd most important value: health, which also affects everything else. Priorities for other values may vary depending on your personality type.
Supporting facts from forbes about success
Many may have doubts about the above priorities, so I will give the facts. Everyone knows Forbes magazine, which annually publishes lists of the richest people in the world. In one of the logs I found the following interesting fact: In the list of the 100 richest Russians according to forbes, I counted only 9 divorced men, 1 unmarried, the rest are all married. But the most interesting thing is that 99 out of 100 have children, even those who are divorced, adopted or their own. At the same time, the average data for all married men in Russia it is much less, you yourself understand this.
It turns out that the most successful men are married and who have children. This is a fact of statistics.
How do you like this arrangement? It should be the other way around, logically. modern man The more you work to achieve success, the less time you have for everything else. Why is it so difficult for single men and women to succeed? Why do they have to work harder and achieve less?
So, according to the statistics in marriage, you are more likely to realize your desires. But let's try to understand why this happens, because a family and children require time, care, and effort!
We are so arranged that at good deeds joy hormones (dopamine, serotonin, etc.). Remember how you felt when you provided invaluable help to another person. You can look at the faces of the people who work in charitable foundations, even from the photographs it immediately becomes clear that they feel much happier than others.
Taking care of others, in particular, family, children, greatly reduces susceptibility to stress, because our brain cannot think about several situations at once, it works sequentially. What does this mean? And when we want to help someone, positive thoughts help prevent negative emotions from developing. If there were no thoughts about how to help your neighbor, then experiences and negative emotions would fill the void.
This is why after a divorce, so often people start drinking and fall into other harmful ailments, they just become more susceptible to negativity. And family people, on the contrary, are less proud, offended, sick, this happens because when a person cares about someone, his moral condition is improving.
That's why family can help not only get the release of happy hormones: endorphins, but also reduce the production of stress hormones by replacing negative thoughts with positive ones.
Success and morale
The foundation of success is your morale. Everyone understands that people avoid cooperation with the proud, arrogant, evil people and vice versa, they are drawn to interaction with calm, polite, kind people. Therefore, the most important value is spiritual development, which improves your morale and reduces negative actions. As a result, there is less conflict with conscience and less negative thoughts that negatively affect through the release of stress hormones.
I will share my experience, I go to Orthodox temple I go to confession and communion regularly. It helps to improve morale, remove negative thoughts and feel happier.
The family gives a person the opportunity to more quickly spiritual development, because caring for one's neighbor makes a person better, his morale improves, his actions become correct. Therefore, family and relationships with loved ones are the 2nd most important life value.
Priorities allow you to make a more accurate analysis and help you better understand what needs to be done to change your life for the better. For example, satisfaction financial position should not be higher than satisfaction with spiritual development. Or career satisfaction should not be higher than satisfaction family relations. That is, on the wheel of life, you need not only to tighten up your sagging needs, but also to ensure that lower priority life values do not rise above higher priority ones.
Often people work where they do not like. And every day unloved job brings more and more disappointments and spoiled mood. Often the reason is bad job and not even a bad worker, but the fact that they do not fit together. If you approach the choice of work and lifestyle in accordance with your life values, then you will be more successful in any area.
How to evaluate life values
The criterion for success in life is the level of happiness experienced. Perhaps everyone wants to be happy. The more you satisfy your life values, the happier you will feel.. But in order to understand where to start, you need to know at what stage of satisfaction your current life values are.
Now is the time to evaluate your life values. First, take a piece of paper and draw a circle, then divide it into 8 parts by drawing 4 lines through the center. Put zero in the center of the circle - this is your starting point. Divide each of the 8 axes into 10 parts, grading with risks. There will be zero in the center of the circle, and 10 along the edges at the intersection of the lines with the circle.
Label each intersection of the line with the circle described above with 8 life values.
Ask yourself: Are you satisfied with the work you have done to improve your health, relationships with your family, etc. For each item, rate your level of satisfaction on a scale of 1 to 10 and tick on each axis.
It is important to add that the question should not be asked related to satisfaction in general, but to how you have worked on each area. What matters is not the end goal, but your desire and movement towards it.
I'll explain why: Life constantly limits us in some way and there are situations when it is impossible to achieve the desired, but you can achieve satisfaction from the labor invested. For example, a person does not have a leg, of course, everyone would like to have full-fledged limbs, but so far this is impossible, so if such a person always indicates a low result on the health axis, this will demotivate him, because he wants, but cannot .
And if you put your movement towards a goal on the wheel of life, for example, a person without a leg trains every day to feel as natural as possible on an artificial leg and indicates high numbers on the health axis, then this will motivate him to further training. Therefore, 10 points on each axis is the value of the maximum result that you can achieve, and not someone else in this life situation.
As a result, you should get a figure similar to a circle. If this did not work out, then look at all the sagging areas of life. First of all, it is necessary to satisfy the most lagging vital values, because. satiate a basic level of always simpler than the one above, i.e. to get a uniform circle. In addition, balance in life is extremely important for a person. Only a balanced life will bring happiness.
Now you know how much your life values coincide with the real state of affairs and what needs to be changed in the first place.
You need to determine life values regularly, draw a circle of life at least once a month, preferably once a week.
The figure to strive for is a circle. When you determine your life values and the degree to which they are realized, it will be much easier to prioritize things, your life will become more balanced, you will feel happier.
P.S. If you have any difficulties or questions about the article you read, as well as on the topics: Psychology (bad habits, experiences, etc.), sales, business, time management, etc., ask me, I will try to help. Skype consultation is also possible.
P.P.S. You can also take an online training "How to get 1 hour extra time". Write comments, your additions;)
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Human values are an extremely topical issue. We all know them well. But hardly anyone tried to define them clearly for themselves. Our article is devoted to just this: the awareness of modern values.
Definition
Value is something that a person consciously or unconsciously reaches for, which meets his needs. Of course, people are all different, which means that human values are also purely individual, but one way or another there are common moral guidelines: goodness, beauty, truth, happiness.
Positive and negative values of modern man
It is clear to everyone that it is normal to strive for happiness (eudemonism) or for pleasure (hedonism). Now it is even more clear than, for example, 100 or 200 years ago. Despite the fact that office workers certainly get tired at work, life has now become much easier than it was for our grandparents. Russia is still shaken by various crises, but after all, these are not wars, not besieged Leningrad and other horrors that the crazy 20th century has awarded history.
Our contemporary may well say, looking back at history: "I'm tired of suffering, I want to enjoy." Of course, here he does not mean himself, but man as a generic entity, embodied in various bodily shells from ancient times to the present day.
Therefore, the actual reality, perhaps more than all other historical realities, sets him up to pursue happiness and pleasure (the positive values of a person) and escape from suffering and pain (the negative constants of his being). We have the joy (albeit of a very dubious quality) to observe how the classical ethical triad "goodness, beauty, truth" gives way to such landmarks of human existence as money, success, happiness, pleasure. They are difficult to assemble into some kind of design, but if you try, then happiness and pleasure will definitely be at the top, money at the bottom, and everything else in between.
The time has come to talk about such a concept as a “human value system”.
religious values
It is clear to sane people that the world is capitalist, i.e. one where everything or almost everything is decided by money is not eternal and not unique, and the order of values that is offered to them is not universal. Also, it is almost self-evident that the natural opposition is the religious interpretation of reality, which is subject to moral and spiritual laws. By the way, the eternal duality of being between its spiritual and material aspects does not allow a person to lose his humanistic essence. That is why the spiritual values of a person are so important for his moral self-preservation.
Christ as the initiator of a spiritual upheaval
Why was Christ a revolutionary? He did a lot to earn such an honorary title, but the main thing in the context of our article is that he said: "The last will be the first, and the first will be the last."
Thus, he overturned the entire structure that is called the “human value system”. Before him (as now) it was believed that wealth, fame and other delights of a life without spirituality are just higher goals human existence. And the Messiah came and said to wealthy people: "It is difficult for a rich man to enter the Kingdom of Heaven." And they thought that they had already bought everything for themselves, but no.
Jesus grieved them, and the poor, the unfortunate and the disadvantaged had some hope. Some of the readers who do not believe too much in paradise will say: “But can the goodness promised after death atone for the existing suffering in the earthly existence of a person?” Dear reader, we completely agree with you. Future happiness is little consolation, but Christ gave hope to the losers of this world and charged them with strength to fight against his unenviable fate. In other words, the values of a person, the values of the individual have become different and have gained variability.
vertical world
In addition, Christianity made the world vertical, i.e. all earthly values are henceforth recognized as base and unimportant. The main thing is spiritual self-improvement and unity with God. Of course, a person will still pay harshly for his spiritual aspirations in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance, but still, the feat of Jesus is extremely significant even outside a religious context, because the prophet showed, by sacrificing his life, that other values are possible in a person’s life, that fit harmoniously into the system.
Variations in value systems
From the previous section, it became clear that the system of human aspirations can be completely different. It all depends on what the individual or group is oriented towards. There is, for example, a sociological approach to this issue: the vertical of the significant is built from the highest to the lowest in accordance with the interests of the collective. The latter can mean both individual groups and society as a whole. And we know those periods when some nations put the collective above the individual. This argument will fit perfectly with the topic "Values of the individual and society."
Individualization
The individualized world has its own priorities and its own understanding of higher and lower. We can observe them in our contemporary reality: material well-being, personal happiness, more pleasure and less suffering. Obviously, this is a rough sketch of significant human landmarks, but one way or another, each of us falls into this picture. There are not enough ascetics now.
Formal and real values
If someone asks what role values play in a person's life, then this question is difficult to answer. It is one thing what a person says, and another thing what he does, i.e. the difference between its formal and real semantic priorities. For example, in Russia, many consider themselves believers. Temples are being built. Soon every courtyard will have its own temple, so that pious people do not have to go far. But this is of little use, because, as the bishop from the third part of the movie saga says, “ Godfather” to the main character of the film: “Christianity has been surrounding a person for 2,000 years, but it has not penetrated inside.” In fact, most people perceive religious institutions as conditional, and they are not particularly interested in the problem of sin. It is also strange that, thinking about God, believers completely forget about their neighbors; the social values of a person are in a certain sense in the paddock. Naturally, in such a situation it is difficult to speak of true faith.
Pitirim Sorokin and his valuable periodization of cultures
renowned sociologist and public figure P. Sorokin based his typology of cultures on nothing other than values. He quite rightly believed that every culture has its own face, its own individuality, which stems from a guiding principle or idea. The scientist divided all cultures into three types.
- Idiational - when religious beliefs prevail over material goods and such a dominant attitude determines the values and norms of a person and culture as a whole. This is reflected in architecture, philosophy, literature, social ideals. For example, during the European Middle Ages, a saint, a hermit or an ascetic was considered the canon of a person.
- Sensual type of culture. Most a prime example This is, of course, the Renaissance. Religious values are not only trampled, they are actually canceled. God begins to be perceived as a source of pleasure. Man becomes the measure of all things. Infringed in the Middle Ages, sensuality wants to reveal and manifest itself to the fullest extent of its capabilities. From this arise the famous moral conflicts of the Renaissance, when a significant cultural upsurge coexists with a fantastic moral decline.
- Idealistic or mixed type. In this model of culture, the material and spiritual ideals and aspirations of a person find agreement, but the primacy of the latter over the former is affirmed. Focusing on high moral ideals helps a person to live the smallest in the material sense and believe in spiritual self-improvement.
In this construction of P. Sorokin there are no extremes of the two previous types, but there is one significant drawback: it is impossible to choose real example such a culture. One can only say that this is how people live who find themselves in extremely difficult life circumstances (illness, poverty, natural disasters, poor neighborhoods around the world). The poor and the handicapped voluntarily have to minimize bodily needs and keep a high moral ideal before their eyes. For them, this is an indispensable condition for survival and existence within a certain moral framework.
This is how the article turned out, the focus of which was cultural values person. We hope that it will help the reader to understand this difficult and at the same time extremely interesting topic.
2. Philosophy of values
3. Values in literature
4. Values of life and culture of modern youth (sociological study)
Conclusion
Bibliographic list
Introduction
The system of value orientations, being psychological characteristic of a mature personality, one of the central personality formations, expresses the meaningful attitude of a person to social reality and, as such, determines the motivation of his behavior, has a significant impact on all aspects of his activity. As an element of the personality structure, value orientations characterize the internal readiness to perform certain activities to meet the needs and interests, indicate the direction of its behavior.
Each society has a unique value-oriented structure, which reflects the identity of this culture. Since the set of values that an individual learns in the process of socialization is “transmitted” to him by society, the study of the system of value orientations of an individual seems to be a particularly urgent problem in a situation of serious social changes, when there is some “blurring” of the social value structure, many values are destroyed, disappear. social structures norms, contradictions appear in the ideals and values postulated by society.
In essence, the whole variety of objects human activity, public relations and included in their circle natural phenomena can act as values as objects of value relations, can be evaluated in the dichotomy of good and evil, truth and error, beauty and ugliness, permissible or forbidden, fair and unfair.
1. Values: concepts, essence, types
The cybernetic understanding of society consists in presenting it as belonging "to a special class of universal adaptive-adaptive systems".
From a certain point of view, culture can be considered as a multidimensional program of adaptive control that sets the main parameters for the self-organization of communities and coordinates the joint activity of fairly autonomous individuals. At the same time, culture can also be understood as a kind of structural generator inherent in any highly organized system: “Order is achieved by limiting the variety of possible states of the elements of the system by establishing the dependence of some elements on others. In this respect, culture is similar to biological and technical programming devices.”
Culture itself is defined axiologically as a set of material and spiritual values and ways of their creation and transmission. Values as such are inextricably linked with the socio-cultural context and can be considered as certain quanta of the general cultural field. It is in this sense that values can be considered as structural invariants of various cultures, which determine not only the content specificity of a particular culture as an arsenal of effective adaptive strategies, but also the features of its dynamics and development. Chavchavadze N.Z. and defines culture as "the world of embodied values", distinguishing between values-means and values-goals.
A person's value system is the "foundation" of his attitude to the world. Values are a relatively stable, socially determined selective attitude of a person to the totality of material and spiritual public goods.
“Values,” wrote V.P. Tugarinov, is what people need to meet their needs and interests, as well as ideas and their motivations as a norm, goal and ideal.
The value world of each person is immense. However, there are some "cross-cutting" values that are practically pivotal in any field of activity. These include diligence, education, kindness, good breeding, honesty, decency, tolerance, humanity. It is precisely the decline in the significance of these values in a given period of history that always causes serious concern in a normal society.
Value is one of such general scientific concepts, the methodological significance of which is especially great for pedagogy. Being one of the key concepts of modern social thought, it is used in philosophy, sociology, psychology and pedagogy to designate objects and phenomena, their properties, as well as abstract ideas that embody moral ideals and act as standards of due.
In essence, the whole variety of objects of human activity, social relations and natural phenomena included in their range can act as values as objects of value relations, can be evaluated in the dichotomy of good and evil, truth and error, beauty and ugliness, permissible or forbidden, fair and unfair.
Value as a concept defines "... significance anything other than existence object or its qualitative characteristics.
Exist great amount values and can be divided into two large groups: into material and spiritual:
We classified material values as: a car, an aquarium, a garage, jewelry, money, food, a house, toys, cosmetics, musical instruments, books, clothes, apartment, tape recorder, computer, TV, telephone, furniture, sports equipment;
To the spiritual: active life, life wisdom, life, family, love, friendship, courage, work, sports, responsibility, sensitivity, honesty, good breeding, beauty, mercy, creativity, freedom, human, peace, justice, self-improvement, health , knowledge.
We can touch, see, buy material values, and they depend on the time in which a person lives. For example, 300 years ago there were no cars, which means that there was no such value.
Spiritual values, unlike material ones, we cannot always see and they are not bought, but we can feel them through our actions and the behavior of the people around us. For example, if beauty is important for a person, then he will strive to create it around himself, to perform beautiful deeds. Thus, these are higher values that are universal and significant at all times.
2. Philosophy of values
In philosophy, the problem of values is considered in inseparable connection with the definition of the essence of man, his creative nature, his ability to create the world and himself in accordance with the measure of his values. A person forms his values, constantly destroys the contradictions between the existing world of values and anti-values, uses values as a tool to maintain his life world, protection from the destructive effects of entropic processes that threaten the reality he is born. A value approach to the world requires consideration of objective reality as a result of human self-affirmation; With this approach, the world is, first of all, a reality mastered by a person, turned into the content of his activity, consciousness, personal culture.
M.A. Nedosekin in his work "On the Question of Values and Their Classification" (Internet resource) defines value representations, understood as the basis of assessments and the prism of a goal-oriented vision of reality, as needs and interests translated into the language of thoughts and feelings, concepts and images, ideas and judgments . Indeed, for the assessment it is necessary to have developed ideas about the values that act as orientation criteria for the adaptive and activity activity of the individual.
On the basis of their value ideas, people not only evaluate what exists, but also choose their actions, demand and achieve justice, and carry out what is good for them.
E.V. Zolotukhina-Abolina defines values as a non-rational regulator. Indeed, behavior regulated by reference to value criteria is ultimately focused on achieving maximum emotional comfort, which is a psychophysical sign of achieving a specific goal associated with the assertion of a particular value.
N.S. Rozov distinguishes several evolutionary types of the development of the worldview of communities: mythological consciousness, religious consciousness and ideological consciousness. This kind of classification is more than obvious. However, few dare to abandon the finality of the last form public consciousness and at least to assume the possibility of the birth of a new one, completely different from the previous ones. N.S. Rozov did this: "Value consciousness is most likely to claim the role of the leading form of worldview in the coming historical era." Values within the value consciousness as new form worldviews, firstly, get out of a subordinate position, and secondly, they absorb and rethink all the variety of existing worldviews, since communication and the search for productive compromises between representatives of these different worldviews are already becoming essential ... The concept of value consciousness is not reduced to a combination of the meanings of two the words that make up the title. This concept is built, first of all, normatively: value consciousness is a form of worldview based on values that satisfies the requirements established above.
The world of values that teleologically determine their object, to which it is initially directed, does not hang in the air. It is rooted in the affective life of the psyche no less than the vital needs. The first contact with values occurs through communication with significant persons - parents. From the initial stages of ontogenesis, they interfere with the spontaneous functioning of vital needs, introducing into them the order necessary for the entire society. And if the emerging consciousness draws its strength mainly from affective images of significant persons, then in the future it is freed from the need for such support and, in striving for a goal-value, self-organizes and produces its structure and content, moving in line with objective laws. The existing hierarchy of values, teleologically defining its subject - human consciousness, can give rise to such values that lead out of the sphere of immediate vital needs of a given society. This is the axiological basis of progress.
We rarely ask ourselves questions like “Why do we live”, “What is life value for us”, etc. Without talking about it, we, nevertheless, are guided by certain principles, we choose for ourselves the most important thing, if it is impossible to save everything. For example: “love”, “freedom” or “work” is more valuable to someone than “family”. If you don't have to choose between them, everything coexists peacefully. What if you need to make a choice? It will be done in favor of what is most important for a person, no matter how it may seem from the outside it is a wrong or thoughtless decision. Of course, it is possible that over time a person will blame himself for having once made the “wrong” choice. Only he always chooses in the present, and in this present there are already other values.
Are there such life values that are equally important for people regardless of their age, gender and in which country of the world they live? Of course have. This is family, health, work. In addition, people name other values, such as: education, love, friendship, self-respect, career, power, money, sex…
It would be interesting to compare the values of "fathers" and "children", because their difference can interfere with mutual understanding between generations.
What our teenagers choose, we learned from their answers 130 students of the 5th and 9th grades from school No. 3 in Konakovo. 45% of respondents put " happy family» to the 1st place among other 17 life values. 85% of children included "family" in the top five most important values. The 2nd place was taken by “friendship” (58%). Although relationships with peers during adolescence play a major role, only 6% gave her an honorable first place. Indeed, the family continues to play a crucial role in the process of growing up a teenager. He needs wise mentoring from adults, but does not show this and rebels against his parents, striving for communication on an equal footing.
Not all, but only 54% of schoolchildren, consider "education" a life value. Among fifth-graders, only 45% share this opinion. An even smaller number of schoolchildren (only 18%) strive for high achievements in sports or the arts.
Some boys and girls line up the following series of values:
Education - work, career - money, wealth. Or even "cooler": work, career - money, wealth - fame, admiration and respect of others.
Among adolescents aged 10-11 and 15-16, there is an equally small number of those who begin to realize the “welfare of the state” as a value. “Science as knowledge of the new” occupies almost the very last places in the list of values (from 9th to 17th). Only one young man considers "science" a priority value for himself, along with such as "power" and "success".
36% of teenagers choose such a value as "the happiness of loved ones."
The answers of adults (and they were interviewed 30 people) were very diverse. Almost all the values listed in the questionnaire were named by them, with the exception of such a value as “food”. And for 13% of teenagers, food is worth talking about as a value. Actually, it has long been known that there is a hierarchy of needs, and the first place in this pyramid is occupied by physiological needs. These include food, clothing, sleep, rest. A person is able to think and strive to meet higher needs only when his primary (physiological) needs are satisfied. No wonder there is a saying: "An empty belly is deaf to learning."
For 13% of adults, housing is a similar primary need: own apartment or house.
The main values of the interviewed men and women aged 22 to 52 are “family” and “health”. In second place is "work". For 66% of respondents, the category “happiness of close people” is very significant. The number of choices in favor of "love" and "friendship" is an order of magnitude lower. 26% of people name them as important life values. The rating for education is not very high. Only 20% of adults consider education an important life value. Approximately the same number (20-25%) choose the "welfare of the state", striving for self-respect. For 15% of adults, the respect of others is necessary. No more than 5% aspires to a career, power. The attitude to money as a kind of life value was revealed in 20% of adolescents and 10% of adults.
It turns out that the values of "fathers" and "children" are very similar, although in each case this is far from being the case. And how exactly, you can discuss after reading this material. I wish you happy discoveries.