In a previous article, we talked about , which is used for one purpose only: to reduce heat loss. Today we will answer the question of how many degrees should be in the apartment according to regulations. This value is regulated by two legal documents: GOST and SNIP. Values are set separately for each room of the apartment. These requirements must be met taking into account the error up or down. Unfortunately, both the lower and upper possible limits are outside the comfortable room temperature range.
What air temperature should be in the apartment - norms
In winter, the thermometer should show at least 18 degrees (+/- error).
In the question of how many degrees should be in the apartment, everything is somewhat more complicated than it seems at first glance. Everyone has heard the average value of at least 18 degrees for the entire living area. In fact, the air temperature value is set separately for each room, depending on its purpose.
The state documents clearly state what the temperature in the apartment should be in winter. The norm is determined by two regulations:
- GOST R-51617-2000;
- SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10.
These documents have two classifications: what should be the temperature in the apartment in winter according to the norm, and what should be in summer. In addition, the documents give the value of the optimal and allowable temperature. Naturally, service companies take as a basis allowable limits acting within the law. If even these minimum indicators are not met, it is necessary to contact the relevant authorities so that they take action.
Often, the comfortable temperature in an apartment for an individual does not coincide with the requirements of legal acts. If you are cold, please buy . If it is too hot, then you can adjust the temperature of the radiators using a thermal head, but you will still pay in full. To pay only for the heat that you used, you need to install .
Let's figure out what a comfortable temperature in the apartment, according to the state regulatory documentation, should be in different rooms:
- room - allowable 18-24 degrees, optimal 20-22 degrees. At -30 degrees overboard for five days minimum temperature should be 20 degrees;
- kitchen and toilet - optimal 19-21 degrees, permissible 18-26 degrees;
- bathroom or combined bathroom - optimal 24-26 degrees, permissible 18-26 degrees.
The air temperature in the apartment established by norms and standards in heating season may vary within the margin of error. At night, a decrease of no more than 3 degrees is allowed, as well as an increase of a maximum of 4 degrees at any time of the day.
The decrease in temperature is associated with heat loss through cold bridges.
Separately, there are norms for a common corridor, landing and storerooms. There the thermometer should show at least 15 degrees. Normally, the comfortable temperature in the apartment is closely related to the volume of air exchange. For living rooms this value is set at 3 cubic meters per hour for each square meter of the room. In the kitchen, the norm is set regardless of its area and is 60 cubic meters per hour, no less. In a bathroom with a separate toilet, the amount of supply air and, accordingly, exhaust air should be 25 cubic meters per hour. If the bathroom is combined, then the values \u200b\u200bare summed up.
The regulatory documents establish norms not only for what temperature should be in the house in winter, but also for summer time. In this case, the maximum is set, which is 28 degrees. But, even if this value is exceeded, no one can help you, only you yourself. The temperature in the apartment winter time according to SanPiN is determined in tandem with the value of air humidity and the speed of air flow. This applies only to living rooms in which the humidity should not be higher than 60%, the optimal value is 30-45%. For other premises, this indicator is not standardized. The movement of air flows should not exceed 2 m/s.
Factors that affect the temperature regime
Adjustment of heating of a radiator by means of a thermal head.
We have already figured out what air temperature should be in the apartment and found out the value of the error up or down. Now let's figure out what this error can be caused by, that is, a decrease or increase in temperature. Knowing the reasons, we will be able to answer the question of how to increase the temperature in the apartment or lower it, based on our own preferences. What determines the readings of the internal thermometer:
- the amount of heat loss;
- battery capacity;
- coolant speed in the heating system;
- wiring of the heating system.
No matter how comfortable the temperature in the apartment is, there will still be someone who is too cold or too hot. Well, even in an apartment with central heating It is possible to regulate the degree of heating of the air.
Even if utility companies comply with all the conditions of GOST, it can still be cold in your home due to high heat losses.
So, you need to exclude them as much as possible so that the temperature in the apartment is winter period was within the normal range. You have probably noticed how many people now insulate the outer walls with foam plastic, thereby reducing heat loss. By the way, the first step should be to replace old windows with modern energy-saving double-glazed windows.
The type of radiators and their volume also largely determine what (optimal or not) the temperature in the apartment will be. Naturally, the larger the battery, the warmer. At the same time, it is impossible to arbitrarily increase the number of sections, since the stability of the entire system depends on this. An increase in the volume of heat exchangers can lead to a decrease in the speed of the coolant. What is the risk? When the pressure drops, the batteries can heat up only partially, or they can be completely cold. Reach optimal temperature air in the apartment in this case will not work.
The decrease in pressure entails a drop in the speed of the coolant. The slower it moves, the more time to lose heat before it reaches you. Accordingly, one can only dream about the optimal temperature in the apartment in winter, as is the case with incorrect circuit wiring. Not only can errors be made in as well as their assembly, it is also possible to connect the batteries incorrectly. As a result and the bottom is hot.
How to raise or lower the temperature in the apartment
The ball valve is closed on the supply.
How many degrees should be in the house? According to GOST in the room, the lower limit, taking into account the night error, is 15 degrees. You wouldn't wish that kind of comfort on your enemy. Naturally, it is useless to complain in this case, because the requirements of the standard are met, so people begin to independently regulate the temperatures in their homes. When it's cold, everyone actively insulates, changes windows and closes cracks. As a last resort, you can include
But what to do if the normal temperature in the apartment in winter is 28 degrees, which is quite real. The maximum allowable value is 24 degrees plus the error of 4 degrees prescribed in GOST.
If there are thermal heads on the batteries, then there is no problem, you just need to install required value and all.
And what if they are not? Living with an open window is not comfortable, as cold air pulls strongly on the floor. If there are children, then this option is excluded, and for adults this state of affairs is clearly not healthy.
What other options:
- slightly turn off the tap in front of the battery;
- install .
By closing the ball valve in front of the radiator, you will reduce the amount of water supplied. It is not recommended to do this, but when you really need it, you have to. Just keep in mind that in this mode, the valves will last much less. The air recuperator allows you to create the necessary air circulation, while the supply air enters the room already heated.
Comfortable temperature in the apartment in winter
We found out that the optimal temperature in the house in winter according to GOST and SNIP is 20-22 degrees. At the same time, the permissible framework is from 18 to 26 degrees, depending on the intended purpose of the room. For the kitchen, bathroom and room, the norms are different. The deviation from the table values is 3 degrees down and 4 degrees in big side. Regrettably, but according to the law, if your house has only 15 degrees of heat, then utility company there can be no claims on your part. The same is true if you have an apartment in winter, as in Tashkent on the street in summer (+30). The salvation of the drowning is the work of the drowning themselves.
Quite often, complaints are heard: “It’s cold at home! Why do we have to pay for barely warm batteries? What should be the temperature in the apartment in winter? Let's deal with these issues and find out in which cases it is legal to file a complaint with the Housing Office, and in which it is not.
Heating season
For every little thing in Russia there are special regulations. Our legislators did not ignore the climate inside the dwellings. They clearly established what temperature should be in the apartment of an average resident of the country. The law states that the period when the premises begin to be heated centrally begins when the outside temperature is at plus eight for five days. Similarly, the heating season ends. Again, short frosts in the off-season ZhEKi do not oblige to anything.
But what if the heating season has begun, but the house is still cold? Residents can write an application to the Housing Office. However, the concepts of "cold" and "hot" are very subjective. In order not to be unfounded in your complaint, you need to measure the temperature with a thermometer and give clear numbers of indicators. Thus, the law meticulously establishes minimum standards for different rooms: in residential corner room it should be +20, in the kitchen - +18, and in the bathroom, where we have to strip naked - and all +25.
There are also clearly defined rules on this issue. All year round, hot water should be supplied to the taps: not lower than + 50 and not higher (to avoid burns) + 70 degrees. During the heating season, such water should also fill the batteries. How to check if hot water in your house is supplied as required by the regulations? Open the faucet, substitute a glass with a thermometer. A deviation of 4 degrees is allowed, but only upwards.
Troubleshooting
Perhaps the housing office is not to blame for anything, and your batteries are simply “airy”. In this case, the tenant writes a statement to the DEZ.
Recalculation of payment for heating
If you suffer from a systematic deviation of indicators from accepted standards (and they are determined special rules, which describes in great detail how services are provided for which utility bills are taken), you can start a lawsuit. As a result, housing and communal services will either fix problems with heating, or you will pay less for it. Even in the event of an accident or other emergency, it is clearly stated how long people can remain without hot water. According to section VIII of the above Rules, residents must report in writing to the accident service (ZHEK, housing and communal services, etc.) about all problems, including inadequate indoor climate. A commission comes with a check and draws up an act, which indicates what temperature should be in the apartment, and what it really is. This document is signed by the complainant himself. If the commission did not appear, a similar act can be drawn up by the tenant, who took the neighbors as witnesses. The recalculation of the fee is set for the entire "ice age" - until the breakdown is fixed and your house becomes warm again.
What external factors affect employee performance? Such a question, of course, should be asked by any leader who wants to take care of his subordinates and increase monthly revenue. Unfortunately, features that are obvious at first glance often go unnoticed. So, for example, at enterprises, both small and large, temperature standards at the workplace are often ignored. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the fact that not every employee will be able to fully work, freezing or suffering from unbearable heat.
Who regulates the weather at work?
Are there official documents regulating such indicators? Yes, there are. These are SanPin norms for temperature in the workplace. The regulations given in them apply to absolutely all companies and all employees (regardless of the size of the company and its nationality).
All information in the norms can be divided into two main blocks: temperature recommendations for various categories of employees and the employer's responsibility for their violation. Among other things, the norm of air temperature in the workplace is also regulated by the 212th article of the Labor Code of our country, which states that the employer must ensure favorable conditions and a regime for work, as well as rest for their employees.
How to protect yourself in the workplace?
What can an employee do if the temperature at the workplace is above normal? If a person is aware of the real risks to their health in such a situation, then it is quite possible to temporarily refuse to perform their official duties. To do this, it is necessary to draw up an official written statement and pass it on to higher management.
The document must contain information that the implementation of the employment contract work poses certain health risks. It would be useful to refer to the 379th article of the Labor Code, which contains information about the legality of such intentions. If the paper is drawn up in accordance with all the rules, then the employee will not only not lose, but will retain all existing rights. However, do not overdo it in your desire to take a break from work, it is likely that the authorities will offer you alternative options.
How to get around the law without breaking it?
The leadership also has its loopholes and detours. The thing is that SanPin in its documentation indicates such a concept as “stay time”, and not “length of the working day”. Simply put, an employer is not always required to let an employee go home early when they are uncomfortable in order to comply with the law. He can take the following actions:
- Organize an additional break in the middle of the working day in a room with more acceptable conditions for relaxation.
- Transfer workers to another location that meets the requirements.
summer workplace temperature
Of course, office employees are most concerned about the temperature standards in the workplace, but it is difficult to say what this trend is connected with. It should be noted that managers, secretaries and other employees of intellectual labor belong to the category of workers with minor physical exertion. It is generally accepted that the normal temperature for them should range from 22.2 to 26.4 (20-28) degrees Celsius. Any deviation from the established figures should lead to a reduction in the working day. The reduction scheme looks like this:
- 28 degrees - 8 hours;
- 28.5 degrees - 7 hours;
- 29 degrees - 6 hours and so on.
According to a similar algorithm, the term for performing work duties in the office is reduced to a temperature of 32.5 degrees above zero. With such initial data, no more than one hour is allowed to work. With the above work, it is completely required to cancel or transfer to another room.
temperature in winter
It should be noted that employees in the workplace can suffer not only from stuffiness and heat, but also from cold (such situations are even more dangerous, but they are much less common). What is the minimum acceptable temperature in the workplace? To begin with, let's discuss the algorithm of the day in cool conditions for office workers. The number of working hours for them begins to decrease from 20 degrees according to the following scheme:
- 19 degrees - 7-hour;
- 18 degrees - 6 hours;
- 17 degrees - 5 hours and so on.
The final mark of 13 degrees Celsius implies the work of an office worker in unheated room within one hour, at lower rates of work it is required to cancel at all.
It should be noted that the above norms apply exclusively to industrial and office premises, there are also requirements for social facilities, but they are slightly different. For example, the recommended temperature for clinics is about 20-22 degrees.
Classification of all professions
SanPin norms for temperature at the workplace are different for each category of employees. In total, there are three main categories, of which two are also divided into additional subgroups:
- 1a. Energy consumption up to 139 W. Minor exercise stress performing work duties in a sitting position.
- 1b. Energy consumption from 140 to 174 W. Slight physical exertion when performing duties that can be performed both sitting and standing.
- 2a. Energy consumption from 175 W to 232 W. Moderate physical stress, the need for regular walking, moving loads weighing up to 1 kg in a sitting position.
- 2b. Energy consumption 233-290 W. Active, but moderate physical activity, which consists in constant walking and moving loads weighing up to 10 kilograms.
- 3. Energy consumption from 290 W. Intense load, requiring considerable strength and impact. It consists in walking, carrying large loads.
You should not assume that the higher the category of the employee, the more scrupulously the temperature standards at the workplace should be observed in the summer and in the winter season. In fact, the law requires to protect each person very carefully. Moreover, people engaged in active physical labor endure coolness much easier, as they have the opportunity to warm themselves from the efforts made.
Where to turn for help?
What to do if the temperature standards at the workplace are violated, and the management continues to force employees to work? In this situation, time that goes beyond the boundaries given in the laws can be considered processing. And processing, as you know, should be paid in double size.
Where can I complain about the fact that the temperature standards in the workplace are occasionally or regularly violated? Unfortunately, there is no official institution dealing with this issue. However, if necessary, employees can direct all their complaints regarding the unsatisfactory organization of conditions in the workplace to the local labor inspection, which will be able to record the complaint and initiate proceedings on it.
In addition to your wishes for organizing a comfortable temperature at the workplace in your company, it is possible to send them to Rospotrebnadzor, they will also help you decide controversial situation with an employer.
The amount of punishment and its types
What punishment can an unlucky employer run into? The simplest is the usual fine, the size of which can range from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. Much worse for any organization is a temporary suspension of its activities, which can last up to 90 days. To avoid punishment, it is necessary either to improve the existing conditions, or the employee to the required norm in this case.
How to fix violations?
How can you achieve the required temperature at the workplace in summer? Perhaps the only effective way The solution to this issue is to install modern air conditioners, as well as maintaining the existing ventilation system at high level. No open windows and drafts will help create comfortable conditions in the heat, but only ensure the distillation of heated air from room to room. Another disadvantage of this method is the high risk of colds among people in the room.
With regard to the need to increase the air temperature, the most appropriate is the use of a central heating system.
You love cool air and completely tortured your family with constant drafts and open windows, or vice versa, are you a heat-loving person and torment them with exhausting heat? Let's figure out what temperature is the most comfortable and optimal for your home.
Air temperature in the apartment
The air temperature in the apartment is one of critical factors microclimate. in different climatic zones optimal temperature parameters are different. So for a hot climate it is 17-19 0С, for a moderate one from 18 to 20 0С and in cold conditions 20-22 0С. Discomfort and poor health can be observed at a temperature of 24 0C or more.
But, of course, the optimal temperature regime is the one in which the inhabitants of the living quarters feel comfortable.
According to SNiP minimum valid value temperature during the heating season in the apartment is threshold at 18 0C. Most of people experience a state of thermal comfort at a temperature in 21-25 degrees Celsius. But for different population groups, this figure varies. Thus, studies have shown that for women and children, the optimal indoor air temperature is at the level of 23-25 0С, and for the male population - 21-23 0С.
Hygienists, together with psychologists, have developed their own simple rules and conditions under which the temperature in the living room will approach the most comfortable conditions. According to their calculations, the normal air temperature in the house should be within 18-24 degrees Celsius. It is this temperature of heat that will provide the most acceptable for the human body. 
The temperature in the apartment for different rooms
Sanitary standards it is advised to adhere to the following temperature regimes.
The concept of the magnitude of temperature differences horizontally and vertically in residential buildings is very important. Moving around the apartment, a person should not feel the temperature difference. This is possible if the horizontal temperature fluctuations are within 2-3 0С.
How to measure the temperature in a room
The temperature in the room is measured at inner wall at a distance of 1 m from the outer wall and 1.5 m from the floor.
The regulations are valid only after the heating season. Before him - there are no standards - warm yourself as best you can!
Hot water temperature in the apartment
And the temperature of hot water should be year-round- not lower than +50 and not higher than +70 degrees (according to the sanitary norms and rules of SNiP 2.08-01-89 "Residential buildings"). Measure it at an open tap by immersing the thermometer in a glass under running water.
The temperature in the apartment does not meet the standards: what to do?
If the temperature in the apartment during the heating season does not meet the standards, you can write an application to your DEZ with a request for verification. For this, a caretaker technician or an engineer of the local deza usually comes. After checking the batteries or plumbing system draw up an act in two copies, one of which remains with the owner of the apartment. If the complaints are confirmed, the public utilities undertake to fix everything within 1 to 7 days.
At work, a person spends the majority of the day for a long period of his life, therefore, the requirements governing the hygienic indicators of the microclimate of the premises where people work are natural. It is especially important to observe them in the office, where employees are mainly engaged in mental work, which is characterized by relative physical inactivity, which means negative consequences. wrong mode are even more exacerbated.
We will study the requirements of the law for the temperature regime in office space, as well as the responsibility of the employer for their violation.
The importance of the office environment
The temperature regime greatly affects the well-being and performance of people. Increased or decreased air temperature, which affects the employee for a long time, not only has negative impact on health, but also sharply reduces productivity. Office workers perform the most various activities, most of which are associated with a long stay in the same position, as a rule, sitting and inactive:
- work at a computer;
- draw up papers;
- communicate with clients;
- make decisions, etc.
Mental labor and bodily inactivity do not coexist badly with uncomfortable room temperature. Researchers have empirically found that deviations even within one degree affect efficiency so much. office work, which makes sense even to shorten the working day if it is impossible to provide the proper microclimate.
IMPORTANT! Ensuring proper temperature regime in the office - the legislative obligation of the employer, regardless of the form of ownership and the level of subordination of the organization.
Comfort or Optimum
Any employee working in the office wants his work to be carried out in comfortable conditions. But the concept of comfort is too subjective, because it is tied to the individual feelings of each specific person and they are all different. What is acceptable for one may be unpleasant for another. It is for this reason that the concept comfortable conditions» is not used in official documentation and regulations.
Instead of the subjective term "comfort" in professional vocabulary a more precise and specific parameter "optimal conditions" is used. As for the optimal air temperature, this is a value determined by complex physiological studies and calculations, taking into account the average human needs.
NOTE! Requirements for optimal temperature conditions are in the field of legislation, which is recorded in the relevant regulatory documents.
SanPiN guarding the health of employees
Sanitary Standards Russian Federation collected in a special code that defines the optimal hygiene and health standards for various areas of human life, including employment. This is medical and technical areas, and at the same time legislative, therefore mandatory.
The abbreviation "SanPiN" stands for SANITARY REGULATIONS And Norms”, it is somewhat consonant with SNIPs - building codes and regulations, but they should not be confused, these are documents from different working areas.
REFERENCE! The document regulating optimal conditions at the workplace is called SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 “Hygienic requirements for the microclimate industrial premises". It provides labor protection regulations for office employees (in the text of the law they are categorized as labor costs to category A) and workers in production. These rules and regulations have been adopted within the framework of federal law No. 52 "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" dated March 30, 1999.
The obligation for employers to comply with the requirements of SanPiN is reinforced by Art. 209 and Art. 212 Labor Code of the Russian Federation, which speak of responsibility for strict observance by employers of labor protection rules and timely measures of sanitary, household, hygienic, treatment-and-prophylactic, rehabilitation and other nature. Art. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes a set of measures for employers to ensure an optimal working microclimate.
Seasonal office temperature requirements
In cold and warm seasons, optimal temperature is achieved in different ways. Accordingly, the requirements for the microclimate will differ, as well as the measures provided for by SanPiN in case of impossibility to ensure the temperature regime or its serious violations.
To not be too hot
Prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures is particularly detrimental to the performance and health of workers. In a closed workplace, it can be exacerbated by a large crowd of people, the presence of working office equipment, as well as compliance with a special dress code.
For this reason, the legislation optimal values temperature and allowable maximum during the hot season. For office workers they are 23-25°C at a relative humidity of 40-60%. Temperature rise up to 28°С is allowed.
Exceeding the summer temperature in the office
If the temperature inside the office deviates from the optimum by more than 2°C, work becomes much more difficult. The employer will have to supply air conditioning for employees and provide it normal work and timely service.
If for some reason this is not done, the employee should not meekly endure the exhausting heat, while also trying to meet professional requirements. Sanitary regulations allow workers with good reason to reduce the standard eight-hour working day for which the temperature requirements are calculated:
- 29°C allows you to work 6 hours instead of 8;
- 30°C allow a two-hour contraction;
- each subsequent degree exceeding the norm reduces the requirements for working time by another 1 hour;
- if the thermometer value has reached 32.5 ° C, you can not stay at work longer than 1 hour.
FOR YOUR INFORMATION! Many employees note the negative impact of air conditioning, comparable in harm to heat and stuffiness. The same requirements of SanPiN, along with temperature and humidity, limit the speed of air movement in the room, which should not go beyond the range of 0.1-0.3 m / s. It follows that the worker should not be under the jet of a blowing air conditioner.
Cold is the enemy of work
In a room that is too cold, no work is arguable, especially office work, when the body cannot warm itself with movement. If for some categories of production workers it is permissible to lower the temperature environment up to 15 ° C, and even then for a short time, this is unacceptable for white-collar workers.
V cold period a year indoors, a comfortable temperature value of 22-24 ° C should be observed. Fluctuations of the norm up to 1-2 ° С are permissible, and for a short time during the working day the thermometer column can “jump” by 3-4 ° С.
What to do if it's cold in the office
Personnel must be at work for the full 8 hours only if the temperature does not fall below 20°C. Each next step towards the cold rightfully reduces the length of stay in an insufficiently heated room:
- 19°C enable a seven-hour working day;
- 18°C - 6 hours of operation, and then in descending order;
- 13 ° C allow you to stay in the office for no more than an hour.
Features of temperature measurements
Since the duration of operation depends on the temperature component, fluctuations of which only 1 ° C affect the efficiency of operation so much, it is necessary to observe the accuracy of measurements.
With an unscrupulous attitude of employers or employees, it may be tempting to overestimate or underestimate the true values of temperature indicators. Errors are also possible with inaccurate instruments and their incorrect placement.
To avoid complications with the determination of air temperature, legislative norms oblige to place the thermometer at a distance of exactly 1 meter from the floor.
Responsibility of the employer for non-compliance with the requirements of the office microclimate
If the authorities do not want to fulfill their duties of providing staff optimal conditions for work, for example, does not install the necessary air conditioning in the hot season or a heater in the cold season, workers should not tolerate his arbitrariness for fear of being fired. After contacting the sanitary and epidemiological service, the organization will be checked, and if the claims are confirmed, administrative responsibility cannot be avoided.
In addition to the inevitable requirements to eliminate violations, a negligent employer will be issued a serious fine in the amount of 10-12 thousand rubles. And if he does not correct himself in time, then his activities can be stopped for 3 months (Article 6.3. Administrative Code of the Russian Federation).