Professionalism in our speech. Professional vocabulary: education and use

PROFESSIONALISMS are special words that are used in the field of a wide variety of professions. A significant part of professional words is terminological in nature. In science, art, agriculture, industrial production - everywhere there are terms. For example, mathematical terms: integral, differential, equation, names of trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent, etc.). Musicians naturally use musical terms, for example: fugue, overture, chord, gamma, backart, dominant, minor tone. Professional words are special vocabulary characteristic of a particular profession. .

It is worth dwelling in more detail on what professionalisms are in Russian. Often these words are slang expressions. The informal nature of lexemes suggests that they are not used everywhere. Their use may be limited to a narrow circle of people: belonging to the same specialty, qualifications, working in the same organization. Often the range of concepts becomes wider over time. Practically people of any profession have their own set of professionalisms. This is due to the need to clearly identify all the processes and phenomena in working life, many of which often have no definition. Such words are formed through associations with everyday concepts. Often, for a person who is not versed in the intricacies of a particular profession, confusion may arise when meeting words from professional vocabulary. In real life, they can mean completely different objects.

Problems of professionalism One of the problems is the misunderstanding of professionalism by people who do not belong to a particular type of profession. Many of these expressions are not found in dictionaries. And those that are found in dictionary and terminological publications are hardly distinguished from the terms themselves and vernacular. The inability to find a precise definition of professionalism can cause confusion even among the representatives of the professions themselves. And because of this - errors in work, failures. Information barriers arise when employees and qualified specialists communicate with their management. It is more common for employees to use special expressions in their speech, but their meaning is unfamiliar to many managers. As a result, some isolation of groups of workers at different levels appears, and conflicts may arise.

Professionalisms in the Russian language are little studied, linguists try to avoid this phenomenon. The appearance of such words is spontaneous, and it is difficult to find certain boundaries for them and give a clear designation. There are some educational publications in which experts try to give a list of professionalisms. Such dictionaries will help students and pupils in their further work: to quickly get up to speed and understand colleagues, not to experience difficulties in oral communication with narrow specialists.

Terms Termin (from lat. terminus - limit, border) - a word or phrase that is the name of a certain concept of some area of ​​science, technology, art, and so on. Terms serve as specializing, restrictive designations characteristic of this sphere of objects, phenomena, their properties and relationships. In contrast to the words of the general vocabulary, which are often polysemantic and carry an emotional coloring, the terms within the scope of application are unambiguous and lack expression. Terms exist within the framework of a certain terminology, that is, they are included in a specific lexical system of a language, but only through a specific terminological system. Unlike common language words, terms are not related to context. Within the framework of this system of concepts, the term should ideally be unambiguous, systematic, stylistically neutral (for example, “phoneme”, “sine”, “surplus value”). According to the author of the textbook "Terminology" S. V. Grinev-Grinevich, referring to the opinion of O. S. Akhmanova, the main composition of the terminological list of European languages ​​"may well be exhausted by nouns." Grinev-Grinevich recognizes the existence of an “excellent opinion”, according to which some verbs, as well as adjectives and adverbs, can be attributed to terms, but rejects this point of view as untenable. Hence his refined definition of the term as "a nominative lexical unit (word or phrase) adopted for the exact naming of concepts" . Terms and non-terms (words of the common language) can pass into each other. The terms are subject to the word-formation, grammatical and phonetic rules of the given language, are created by terminology of the words of the national language, borrowing or tracing foreign terminological elements. In some cases, with such an occurrence of a word in the terminology of various subject areas, homonymy arises: for example, the word “ligature” borrowed from Latin (Latin ligatura) in metallurgy has the meaning “alloys for alloying”, in surgery - “a thread used in dressing blood vessels ", in music theory - a grapheme in which several simple "different-height" musical signs were recorded together, as a single sign.

Bibliographic description:

Nesterova I.A. Professional vocabulary [Electronic resource] // Educational encyclopedia site

Professional vocabulary has features that allow people of the same profession to communicate freely. However, professionalism is not necessarily terms. There are certain differences between terms and professional vocabulary. This will be mentioned in our article.

The concept and features of professional vocabulary

Words related to professional vocabulary are called professionalisms. Galperin interpreted professionalisms as "... words associated with the production activities of people united by one profession or occupation" . In his opinion, professionalism is correlated with terms. The latter appear to define newly emerging concepts as a result of scientific discoveries and technological progress. Professionalisms in a new way designate already known concepts, usually objects and processes of labor (activity). Professionalisms differ from terms in that terms are a specialized part of literary and book vocabulary, and professionalisms are a specialized part of non-literary colloquial vocabulary. The semantic structure of professionalism is obscured by a figurative representation in which the distinguished features can be quite random and arbitrary. At the heart of the emergence of professionalism lies semantic specialization - the narrowing of the meaning of the word.

Resume: The article is devoted to the description of special vocabulary, traditionally divided into terms and professionalisms. A large number of examples of professionalism from various professional fields are given: aviation, auto-distillers, bank employees, librarians, businessmen, accountants, journalists, engineers, cinematographers, meteorologists, medical, police, marine, hunters, carpenters, printers, down jackets, advertising (PR), rock musicians, builders, taxi drivers, theatrical, television, merchants of old Moscow, teachers, schoolchildren, electronics and computer engineers. The materials of the article may be useful to philologists-teachers of the university.
Keywords: special words, term, professionalism

Tverdokhleb Olga Gennadjevna
Orenburg State Teacher Training University, Orenburg

Abstract: The article describes the special vocabulary, traditionally divided into terms and professionalisms. Given the large number of examples of excellences from different professional fields: aviation, avtoprodiks, Bank employees, librarians, businessmens, accountants, journalists, engineers, film-makers, meteorologists, medical, police, marine, hunters, carpenters and joiners, printers, needlewomans, advertising (PR), rock musicians, construction workers, taxi drivers, theater, TV crews, vendors of old Moscow, teachers, students, engineers and computer scientists. The article can be useful to philologists-teachers of the University.
Keywords: special words, the term, the professionalism

The language, reflecting the surrounding reality, consolidates in its lexical composition the practical, social and cognitive experience of people, material, spiritual, cultural and scientific achievements. The most important function of language - communicative - provides communication in all spheres of human activity.

Common words that are understandable to all native speakers of a given language are included in the dictionaries of the literary language. But, in addition to common words, the language has a huge number of special words that serve different areas of science, technology and culture. Special-professional communication is carried out through the language of science and technology, a special form of natural language that concentrates the collective professional-scientific memory. Special vocabulary - these are words and combinations of words used and understood mainly by representatives of a certain branch of knowledge, profession. However, the special role of science and technology in modern society determines the continuing interest in various problems of special vocabulary.

In special vocabulary, first of all, it is customary to single out terms and professionalisms.

Terms are part of a terminological system, and "a classifying definition is applicable to them through the closest genus and specific difference" . Created to accurately express special concepts and based on the definition, they, playing a classifying and systematizing role, organize and streamline scientific knowledge of various fields, in particular: military (N.D. Fomina 1968, G.A. Vinogradova 1980, P.V. Likholitov 1998); marine (A. Croise van der Kop 1910, N.V. Denisova 2003); naval (N.A. Kalanov 2003, L.V. Gorban 2005); railway (S.D. Ledyaeva 1973), economic (M.V. Kitaygorodskaya 1996); legal (N.G. Blagova 2002), etc. As special lexical units, terms have been the subject of analysis of many works of linguistic content, both theoretical and practical.

Professionalisms are words used by small groups of people united by a certain profession. Scientists note that professional jargon (slang) is words and phrases of a semi-official nature, denoting some special concept for which there is not yet an officially accepted designation in a given science, branch of technology, etc. . We have already pointed out that the professional jargon used in a work of art, in particular school jargon, "should be understandable to the reader, and therefore explained." It is precisely with the absence of officially accepted names that the fact that there is still no complete list of all professionalisms in the speech of people of different professions is still available. This determines the relevance of our work.

This article provides material for such a list (in alphabetical order):

• aviation: goat ‘involuntary bounce of an aircraft on landing’; nedomaz ‘undershoot’; remaz ‘flight’; fly around ‘get used to the car’; bubble / sausage ‘balloon’; give goat ‘hard plant airplane; aircraft names: Annushka ; Plush ; duck ‘biplane U-2’, Donkey , Ass 'airplane I-16'; Pawn ‘Pe-2 aircraft’; Hawk ‘aircraft Yak-3,7,9’; humpbacked ‘aircraft IL-2’; Balalaika ‘airplane MiG-21’; Eggplant ‘airplane IL-86’; Rook ‘airplane Su-25’;
• auto distillers: mouse ‘grey colour’; on the handle ‘with manual transmission’; skin ‘leather interior’;
• bank employees: drunk and goggle-eyed ‘O false bills, portraits on the them’; autocredit ‘car loans’;
• librarians: storage room ‘room, where stored books’; comb your hair fund ‘arrange carefully books on the shelves’;
• businessmen: White rollback ‘official Commission mediator’; non-cash , on non-cash ‘to pay non-cash’; enable counter ‘increase the loan interest’; send ‘give bribe’; cash , cash , cash ‘to pay in cash’; shuttle , shuttle (business);
• accountants: kasachka , cash register ‘cassation’; izlup ‘overpaid tax’; kapika ‘capital investments’; axes ‘fixed assets’;
• journalists: overlay ‘error'; snowdrop ‘Human, working correspondent, but registered v state on another specialty’; telekiller ‘corrupt journalist’; duck ‘deception’;
• engineers (workers): pan (in nuclear physics) ‘ synchrophasotron’; goat (in metallurgy) ‘ remains of solidified metal in the ladle’; cups a (in the manufacture of optical instruments) ‘concave grinder (one of the abrasive devices)’; snitch ‘self-recording device’;
• cinematographers: filmmaker ‘worker cinematography’; shelf film ‘O unshown/ forbidden movie’;
• meteorologists: star , needle , hedgehog , plate (‘kinds snowflakes’) ;
• medical: eight (at dentists) ‘ tooth wisdom’; sheath ‘state death’; pulse stretches in a thread ;neuralgia ; childbirth ; typhus ;
• policeman: hanging ‘hopeless case’; brood ‘investigative experiment’; tinsel ‘ECG film’; lost ‘missing without lead’; pipes are burning ‘problems with appendages’; chistuha ‘candid confession’;
• nautical: admiral's ‘cabin at the stern’;certificate ‘duffel bag, clothing property’, tank messenger (tank news ) ‘rumors exchanged by sailors on the forecastle, in their wardroom’;Barents ‘Barents Sea’;barge (barge ) 1. ‘sailor on a barge’. 2. ‘rude, blasphemer’;beska ‘peakless cap, headdress of sailors, foremen and cadets of the Navy’;all-night watch ‘watch while staying in the port or on the roadstead (berthing watch) from 00.00 to 8.00, i.е. all night long’;v bre ‘holiday in september-december’; helicopter ‘snow shovel’; take by the nostril ‘take in tow’;lie ‘lift up or choose, drag to oneself, towards oneself (from the Vira team)’; Vladik ‘Vladivostok’;soak anchors ‘to defend, to stay at anchor for a long time’;galunttimes ‘newspaper in the toilet’; Holland ‘Higher Naval School in Sevastopol’;landing stage ‘any mess’; grandfather , hazing ; fraction ! ‘team: « enough! stop working!"(in the navy)'; caperang ‘captain of the first rank’; drop ‘lieutenant commander’; compass ; mine ‘lower or(push, drag)move away from you(from the team "mine")’; fur ‘mechanic’; customer ‘officer who arrived at the military registration and enlistment office for a team of recruits ', 'representative of the formation, unit, who arrived in the semi-crew to receive young replenishment personnel’; jacket ‘a person who is in an officer's position, but without a diploma from a military university’; rapport ; bagel ‘steering’, salaga , starley ‘senior lieutenant’, starmos ‘senior sailor’; bilge ‘bad wine’; walks ‘swims’; chapat , snort ‘to sail (about a ship)’; shkershchik ‘a worker who guts fish (usually by hand) on fishing boats’; types of ships, names of ships: bandura , Varshavyanka ‘B class submarine’; diesel ‘diesel submarine’, box , little one, tumbler, Rybinets,ace , Pike ;
• hunters: hang on tail ‘chase the beast with hounds’; wheel ‘loose tail of a capercaillie’; copalo ‘sharp lower fang of a boar’; kuiruk , burdock ‘deer tail; shovel ‘beaver tail’; seasoned ‘dominant, head wolf’; pestun, pestle ‘old bear’; perennial ‘one year old Wolf’; log ‘wolf tail’; profitable ‘Wolf before of the year’; accept the beast ‘take away a hunted animal from a dog’; fur ‘squirrel tail’; pipe ‘fox tail’; fallen ‘lurking hare’; flower , beam , repeek ‘forms tail hare’;
• carpenters and joiners: mold , zenzubel , tongue and groove (‘kinds planer');
• printers: widow ‘an incomplete line that starts or ends a page’;downtrodden (font) ‘font, located for a long time in typed galleys or stripes’; Christmas trees ‘quotes’; goat (goats ) ‘omission of text in prints’; paws ‘quotes’; turn ‘outsider imprint on the impression’; ending ‘decoration v end books’; turn ‘foreign imprint on the print’; strip ‘speaker'; tendril - ‘ending with a thickening in the middle, tail ‘bottom external field pages', as well as ' the bottom edge of the book, opposite the head of the book’; stranger (font) ‘letters of a font of a different style or size, mistakenly included in the typed text or heading’; cap ‘common title for multiple posts’;
• down jackets (Orenburg): snowflakes , feline paws , rays , little trees , snakes , raspberries , large raspberries , little windows , millet , ropes (‘kinds patterns’);
• advertising (PR people): vital cycle ‘period, v flow whom noticeable positive reaction on the advertising’; wall ‘inscription propaganda content on the walls, fences, machines; used v black PR’; drain ‘tradition publicity Togo, what kept v secret’; elephant ‘authoritative face, organization, which may bring candidate additional vote voters’; sandwich -advertising ‘previously recorded video clip tele- or radio advertisements, inside whom reserved empty place for inserts special advertising messages’; background ‘effects, which accompany advertising announcement on radio and television or advertising v press’;
• rock musicians: operational drive ; performance live , under plywood ; labukh ‘bad musician’; drummer ‘drummer’; soundtrack ‘sound track’; cover-version ‘ferry’;
• builders: capital ‘overhaul’;
• taxi drivers: railway station attendant ‘taxi driver, specialized on the service station public’; hat ‘fastidious passenger Taxi’;
• theatrical: glavrezh , give bridge ‘emotionally complete scene’; green play ‘last play season’; throw , leave text ‘quickly repeat dialog With partner’; pass the text feet ‘physically distribute text on the stage’; pure turn ‘complete change scenery’;
• TV people: bow ‘funny story program news, to cheer up spectators’; leader ‘producer’; cranes , fishing rods ‘microphones on the long stick, stretched To long away standing hero plot’; sound ‘sound engineer, sound engineer’; suckers ‘spectators v studios’; furniture ‘people, invited v program, including communication co spectators: them will give to tell one phrase or No, their called "for furniture"’; bush ‘big fluffy nozzle on the microphone, protecting his from wind’; soapy ‘ a sentimental film (often a television series) dealing with the problems of love, family relationships, parenting’;block synchronous ‘impose picture on the interview, topical, when Human is talking too much for a long time’; overlap ‘short plot, voiced not correspondent, a leading’; eyeliner , oral ‘the words leading front showing plot’; a gun ‘microphone’; downed pilot ‘leading, which the was very popular, a Then disappeared With screen’; Cup , Stakankino ‘television center "Ostankino"’; an ear ‘earphone, across which the leading hears commands from hardware’; wheezing ‘message, transmitted correspondent v ether on phone, with bad quality sound’;
• merchants of old Moscow: handbrake ‘hand seller’; collar ‘ gatekeeper’; money for wind ‘missing money’; prick ‘complete the deal’; intake place ‘a place reserved for sale near a fence’;
• teachers: null ‘preparatory Class’; window , good ;
• schoolchildren: wheel , wheels ‘vehicle’, control box ; rooster ‘five'; spurs , crib ;
• electronics and computer engineers: tower ‘tower type computer case (mini tower, midi tower, big tower)’; vir ‘computer virus’;truck ‘a character with ultra-high strength indicators, used to transfer goods, resources’; hang up ; save ‘save’; script ‘ write a script, create some sequence of actions’;comp ;machinists and VEEM workers ‘maintenance personnel of computer centers’; soap dish ‘a simple, cheap camera, player, radio, and any other portable device’;change shoes ‘reboot'; armpit ‘mouse pad’; jet ‘jet printer’;to brake ‘extremely slow program or computer’; X stand up ‘computer mouse' and etc.

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professional words. Examples of professionalisms in Russian?

Professionalisms are words that are used in the oral speech of people in the environment of a narrow profession. They are often confused with professional terms. However, these are different words, even if professionalism is recorded in the dictionary, the mark professionalismquot ;.

Examples of professionalism:

The spare tire is a wheel for drivers, paws are quotes for a text editor, a corral is a pre-written text for newspaper editors, a billhook is a welder's hammer.

Professional words are those words that are used between people of a certain profession or specialty.

For example, in medicine - history, diagnosis, hypotension; for sailors - cook, galley, keel, fairway, rynda; for artists - watercolor, airbrush, aquatint, etching, impasto.

Professional words, like dialect ones, are used only by people of certain professions. These words are most often not dictionary words, but many of them have already entered common use among people of other professions. Dialect words are words that are used only in specific regions. Examples:

For example, the military often say charterquot ;, buildingquot ;, orderquot ;.

And teachers often use terms such as rulerquot ;, meetingquot ;, plankquot ;.

Professional words, or professionalisms, are words that are characteristic of a particular profession, people who are united by one or another professional activity. Doctors have their own set of such words, as do lawyers, linguists, programmers, etc. As a rule, these words are little known and little understood by a wide range of people, especially highly specialized words, although there are also those that are widely used in the speech of most people.

It is worth noting that official terms and professionalism are not the same thing, for example, professionalism goat - Remains of solidified metal in metallurgy, of. the term is

Here are some examples of professionalism:

candle (doctors have a type of temperature curve),

sandpaper (sandpaper).

Professional words and terms, as a rule, do not have ambiguity and synonyms. They are completely specific. This distinguishes them from all the others. For example: Easel, print, tweezers, accommodation, assimilation, diaeresis, anacrusis, clause, etc.

Professional words are sometimes incomprehensible in meaning, because their meaning denotes a specific action and often words are borrowed from foreign languages.

For example, a cook prepares fondue - this is such a dish and a dancer performs fondue - this is such a movement.

The surgeon uses a scalpel and the common man uses a knife.

professional words belong to the vocabulary of a narrow scope of use. Most often, such words are not used actively in the speech of the general public. Often, professionalisms are terms that are full in every field of knowledge or in production, for example:

amalgam, differentiation, arbitration, isotopes.

Professionalisms sometimes have a literary analogue - a word with a different root.

For example, in the speech of sailors there is a professionalism cookquot ;, and in the generally accepted sense there is a name for this profession cookquot ;, and on the ship - this is the kitchen in the generally accepted sense.

This line between true professionalism and the terminological vocabulary of this area is very fragile and thin. An abundance of technical terms is used in works on a production theme, and military terms are used in stories about the war.

The abundance of special vocabulary is used by writers to create the situation, the speech characteristics of the characters, and even for a humorous purpose. Here is what A.N. Apukhtin P.I. Tchaikovsky:

Professional words in Russian are a group of words united by one common theme that are used either in a narrow specific professional activity, such as medical terms, or they are words that have a certain meaning, but in this particular profession these words have a completely different semantic load. Examples of professional words:

Mathematician - root, task, hyperbole.

Medic: angina pectoris, encephalopathy, epicrisis.

Builder: collar, winch, bucket.

And many others.

Professionalisms are found in every area of ​​activity, only some are widespread, and some are known and recognizable in a narrower circle.

For example, professional words can be distinguished by the following list:

Professionalisms are words that are usually used in a certain field of activity, profession. There are even special dictionaries of professionalisms, which contain words from various fields of activity. For example, bottle in the speech of sailors means half an hourquot ;.

Professionalisms, therefore, are most often used within the same professional group.

PROFESSIONALISMS- These are special words that are used in the field of a wide variety of professions. A significant part of professional words is terminological in nature.

In science, art, agriculture, industrial production - everywhere there are terms.

For example, as a mathematician by education and profession, I have always used mathematical terms: integral, differential, equation, names of trigonometric functions (sine, cosine, tangent, etc.).

Musicians naturally use musical terms, for example: fugue, overture, chord, gamma, backart, dominant, minor tone.

Professional words are special vocabulary characteristic of a particular profession.

However, it should be noted that professional vocabulary is used not only in a certain environment of people united by one professional activity.

It is also used in journalism and fiction so that the reader can imagine the environment in which a character of a certain profession works. The speech of the hero of a work of art may also contain terms related to his activities.

So, for example, many of our classic writers (Turgenev, Aksakov, Nekrasov, Tolstoy and many others) used the so-called hunting terminology: fallen(hidden hare) hang on tail(chase the beast with hounds), copalo(sharp lower fang of a boar), accept the beast(take away the hunted beast from the dog), wheel(loose tail of a capercaillie), etc.

There is even a Dictionary of hunting terms. Of course, there are various other dictionaries that provide professional terms related to a particular profession.

Words that are used by representatives of a particular specialty or profession are called professionalisms.

Professional words in ordinary speech are rare. They can be heard if you ask some employee to tell in more detail about his activities, about what he specifically does.

For example, in the medical field, the following words can be attributed to professionalism:

To the question Please name the words professionalism and their meaning and who uses them? given by the author Embassy the best answer is
For example:

glavrezh - chief director;








Examples:









A source:

Answer from stranger[guru]

Answer from Camilla Sycheva[newbie]
Professionalisms - colloquial synonyms of terms accepted in the professional group:
for example: Steering wheel - steering wheel (in the speech of drivers), Typo - blunder (among newspapermen), etc.
Professionalisms serve to designate various production processes, tools of production, raw materials, products obtained, etc.
Unlike terms, which are the official names of special concepts, professionalisms are perceived as "semi-official" words that do not have a strict character.

Answer from Question[newbie]
Professionalisms are words and phrases associated with the production activities of people of a certain profession or field of activity. Unlike terms, professionalisms are usually a specialized part of the colloquial vocabulary, and not a literary one.
Many professionalisms are based on some kind of vivid figurative representation of the named object, and it is often random or arbitrary. Examples of such expressive words are paws and Christmas trees (the names of the types of quotes in the professional environment of printers and proofreaders); give a goat (for pilots, this means ‘landing the plane hard’, i.e. landing so that the plane bounces on the ground); nedomaz and overmaz (in the speech of pilots, these words mean, respectively, undershoot and overshoot of the landing mark); skinner (among kayakers, this is the name given to the shallow and rocky section of the river). With their expressiveness, professionalisms are opposed to terms as precise and mostly stylistically neutral words. Some linguists believe that professional vocabulary is "semi-official" compared to terminology: they are unofficial synonyms for official scientific names.

Answer from flush[newbie]
PROFESSIONALISMS, words and expressions characteristic of the speech of any professional group
For example:
"to the mountain", "storming" (in the speech of the miners)
glavrezh - chief director;
overlay - "mistake" (from acting speech),
jamb - "error" - (from the speech of engineers),
janitor - "car windshield wiper"; bagel - steering wheel (from the speech of motorists). .
Professional vocabulary also includes words and expressions used in various areas of production, techniques that, however, have not become common.
Professionalisms function mainly in oral speech as "semi-official" words that do not have a strictly scientific character. Professionalisms serve to designate various production processes, tools of production, raw materials, manufactured products, etc.
Professionalisms can be grouped according to the sphere of their use: in the speech of athletes, miners, doctors, hunters, fishermen, etc. Technicisms are distinguished into a special group - highly specialized names used in the field of technology.
Professionalisms, in contrast to their commonly used equivalents, serve to distinguish between close concepts used in a certain type of human activity. Due to this, professional vocabulary is indispensable for concise and accurate expression of thoughts in special texts intended for a trained reader.
Professional jargon words, which have a reduced expressive coloring, stand out in particular.
Examples:
for journalists - a snowdrop - "a person working in a newspaper as a correspondent, but enlisted in the states in a different specialty"; how to call? - "how to title (article, essay)?"; italicize (in italics).
In the editorial offices of newspapers and magazines, a specialist who selects illustrations is called a bild editor. Bild editor is a term. However, in a real production process, it is most often called a build for short - this is professionalism, professional jargon. Bild trampled down all the photos on the layout - no doubt, professionalism is used in this sentence, but not terms.
in the colloquial speech of builders and repairmen, the professional name of capital repairs is used; specialists who build and maintain computer systems in firms are system administrators.
The following professionalisms are used in the speech of printers:
the ending is a graphic decoration at the end of the book, a clogged font is worn out, a developed font with outdated linotype printing, etc.
Journalists call the preparation of the future text, the draft, a fish or a dog.
Engineers jokingly call the self-recording device a snitch.
In the speech of pilots, there are the words nedomaz, peremaz, meaning undershoot and flight of the landing mark, as well as: bubble, sausage - a balloon-probe, give a goat - land the plane hard, as a result of which it bounces after touching the ground, etc.
Many of these professionalisms have an evaluative or understated tone. On fishing boats, workers who gut the fish (usually by hand) are called skers. Bankers in a conversation with each other instead of the term car loans will use the word auto loans, officials call the housing and communal services a communal apartment, and the social sphere - a social network, etc.