Slavic amulets. Protective symbols of ancestors: Slavic amulets and their meaning

Ancient Russian pendants and amulets of the XI-XIII centuries. Another confirmation that the amulets were worn in bundles was a find made near the city of Torzhok, Tver Region.

(Table, No. 1). Two animal fangs and two bronze amulets were hung on a bronze wire: a zoomorphic creature (a lynx?), whose body is decorated with a circular ornament, and a spoon. With a certain degree of certainty, it can be argued that this set of amulets belonged to a hunter, since three of them symbolized protection from the "fierce beast", and the spoon personified satiety, success in hunting.

The complex can be dated quite accurately to the second half of the 11th - the first half of the 12th century. Bronze fangs, the so-called "jaws of a predator" (No. 2), were also protection against a fierce beast. They were found near the former settlement of Duna near the city of Chekalin, Tula region. The time of existence of such a talisman is 10-12 centuries.

The amulet, meaning the sun, cleanliness and hygiene - a copper comb, decorated with two horse heads looking in different directions, was found on the banks of the Desna River, 25 km north of the city of Novgorod-Seversky (No. 3). The place where the second scallop made of bronze was found has not been established (No. 4). They are typical for the 11th - the first half of the 12th century.

The safety and inviolability of household property is the task of amulets-keys of the 11th-12th centuries. (No. 5, 6). The sacred meaning of the spoon (No. 7) has already been mentioned. All these items were found in the Suvorov district of the Tula region.

One of the most common amulets of the 11th-12th centuries. was such a universal tool as an ax. On the one hand, the ax was the weapon of Perun, and the circular ornament decorating the amulets confirms their belonging to the heavenly thunderer. On the other hand, the ax was an integral part of marching weapons. Here again, one can trace the role of Perun as the patron saint of warriors. The ax is also directly connected with the slash-and-burn agriculture that existed at that time and, therefore, with agrarian magic. The axes reproduced the shape of real axes. Such amulets were found in the Velizh district of the Smolensk region (No. , in Western Ukraine (No. 9, 10) and in the Bryansk region (No. 11).

Cast pendants are widespread, representing two circles with an equilateral cross below them. Their diversity is very great. A pendant with identical obverse and reverse sides was found in the Kovrovsky district of the Vladimir region (No. 12), with spiral circles and a smooth reverse side - in the Yaroslavl Region (No. 13), with circles in the form of curls and a smooth reverse side - in the Ryazan Region (No. 15). In the pendant found in the Kursk region, made of twisted silver wire (No. 16), one can feel the influence of northerners. If we consider the semantics of such attachments from the standpoint of Academician B.A. Rybakov, in them you can see the earth (cross) between the two positions of the sun - in the east and in the west (circles). In this series, a pendant stands out sharply, in which pagan elements are replaced by Christian ones (No. 14). On the front side inside the cross and in the circle there is an in-depth image of an equal-ended cross, the upper end of which ends with two volute-shaped curls. On the reverse side, inside the cross and in the circle, there are in-depth images of equal-ended crosses with expanding blades. Place of discovery - Ryazan region.

The two most historically significant finds are trapezoidal pendants of the 10th-11th centuries. with signs of the Rurikids, found near Smolensk (No. 17) and Minsk (No. 18), are not inferior to their museum "brothers" (No. 19). Later stylizations of Rurik symbols are seen in two identical coin-like pendants found in the Bryansk region (No. 20, 21).

Turning to the theme of the Ruriks, it is impossible not to note the influence that the Scandinavians had on Russia at that time. Evidence of this, in particular, is a number of pendants from the Domongola collection. The most striking is a coin-shaped silver pendant found in the Chernihiv region (No. 22). The field of the pendant is filled with four false-grained volute-shaped curls, the edge - with three false-grained circles. In the center and in a circle are five hemispheres. The composition is complemented by a human face. Unfortunately, top mount was lost in antiquity, and a later homemade ear greatly spoiled the impression of the composition. A similar pendant can be dated to the 10th-11th centuries. There are also several more coin-like pendants, presumably of Scandinavian origin, found near Vladimir (No. 23), Kiev (No. 24) and Rzhev (No. 25).

It is curious that the composition of volute-shaped scrolls was widely popular among the Slavic environment of the 11th - mid-12th century. Pendants with a pattern of eight volutes in the outer circle and three volutes in the inner one were found in Novgorod (No. 26), Bryansk (No. 27) and Kiev (No. 28) regions. Moreover, if the first two are made of copper alloys, then the last one is cast from silver and under the title it has a composition of dots. A similar pendant made of tin-lead alloy was found in Gochevo, Kursk region (No. 31). A coin-like pendant with a pattern of large false grain along the perimeter and a “Perun” rosette in the center dates from the same period (No. 29).

Quite interesting is the coin-like pendant made of copper alloy (No. 30) with the image of a sprouted grain in the center, a five-petalled flower and five pollinated pistils (according to B.A. Rybakov). Despite the absence of direct analogies, it can be dated to the second half of the 12th - the first half of the 13th century.

Lunnitsa are a special type of pendants. The earliest is a wide-horned copper-alloy moon found in Ukraine, which existed from the end of the 10th to the first half of the 12th century. (No. 32). A wide-horned crescent with an indentation in the shape of a month (No. 33), but made of billon, was found in the Boryspil district of the Kiev region. A variety of broad-horned ones are moons, decorated at the ends and in the middle with three convex points (No. 34). They became widespread in the 10th and 11th centuries.

A find from Ryazan belongs to another type of moonfish - narrow-necked or steep-horned. The lunnitsa, cast from tin bronze, is decorated with a three-part geometric pattern in the center and two convex dots on the blades (No. 35). It dates from the 12th-13th centuries. A copper crescent from the Boryspil district of the Kiev region belongs to the same period. Its field is decorated with two triangles along the edges and three circular elements in the center (No. 36). Judging by the works of B.A. Rybakov, the decor of these moons is of an agrarian nature.

Separately, there is an unparalleled bronze slotted three-horned moon from Rostov region, ornamented with false granulation (No. 37). Its estimated date is 12th-13th centuries.

A find near Moscow - a closed crescent cast from tin bronze with an ornament in the form of rounded depressions (seven in the upper part and one in the lower) - dates back to the 13th century. (No. 38). Perhaps the ornament symbolizes seven positions of the luminary during the day (according to the number of days of the week) and one - at night. But the real masterpiece is her silver and gilt coeval from Ukraine! Its lower branches are decorated with the image of turi horns, and the center is filled with floral ornament, which leaves no doubt about the agrarian semantics of the monument (No. 39).

Of undoubted interest are the moons with a four-part composition, which were common in the 12th-13th centuries. One of their varieties is the Bryansk find. A bronze crescent shaped like a circle is decorated with a three-part ornament, a rim of false grain and an equilateral cross with a rhomboid middle cross and ends in the form of a four-part composition of false grain (No. 40).

Of particular note is the round slotted pendant of the 12th-13th centuries. from a copper alloy, found in the Serpukhov district of the Moscow region. In the center there is an image of a moon and a four-part composition of five rhombuses (No. 41). Probably, such pendants represent a complex solar-lunar impact on the Earth. The same semantic load, but in a more simplified compositional version, is carried by a copper pendant from Ukraine (No. 42).

Speaking about the beliefs of the Slavs of the 11th-13th centuries, one cannot ignore the pendants depicting birds, animals, and zoomorphic creatures. In many of them, there is a connection with adjacent cultures.

A coin-shaped pendant made of copper alloy with the image of a zoomorphic creature, which has no direct analogies, was found in Ukraine (No. 43). The plot of another pendant (two birds) has analogies only on kolts (No. 44). Roughly they can be dated 12-13 centuries.

But the plot of the bronze pendant found near Bryansk is well known. B.A. Rybakov believes that it depicts the rite of the "Turki". The center of the pendant is occupied by a relief image of a bull's head with clearly profiled horns, ears and large round eyes. On the forehead is a triangular sign, descending at an angle downwards. The bull's head is placed in a rim of false grain (No. 45). Seven female figures are schematically depicted around the head. This pendant, apparently, is associated with the sacrifice of a bull to Perun and is typical for the lands of the Radimichi in the 11th-13th centuries. However, the settlement of the northern Radimichi at the end of the 11th century. their amulets were brought to the east as far as the Nerl, so a similar find from the Ivanovo region (No. 46) would be more logically attributed to the 12th century.

Perhaps, the cult of the snake borrowed from the Balts was introduced by the Radimichi. Since ancient times, her image has been given magical meaning. Two bronze pendants found in the Vladimir region probably depict snakes (No. 47, 48). The composition of two snakes found in the Yaroslavl region (No. 49) is unique.

It is impossible not to recall once again the pendant, which received the name “lynx” among the search engines, although archaeologists call it “horse”. Such a bronze animal, found in the Middle Poochie, is obviously relatively late and can be dated to the 12th-13th centuries, since it lacks a circular ornament and poor quality casting (No. 50). It is more difficult to date a flat slit pendant found in the same region, depicting a not very clear creature, possibly a bird (No. 51). According to the time of existence of such products, it can be dated to the second half of the 10th - the beginning of the 12th century.

Should be paid Special attention to the big role of a chicken or a rooster in the magical rites of the Slavs, which is connected with a large number of pendant 12 - the first half of the 13th century. in the form of these birds. A pair of these birds found nearby is touching: a flat single-headed slotted copper cockerel (No. 52) with a pattern of false filigree, a loop on the back and four loops for pendants, and the same chicken (No. 53), only without a comb. Interestingly, duck feet were often hung on links from below to hens and cockerels, which clearly shows the influence of the Finno-Ugric tradition. A flat double-headed cockerel made of tin bronze with a floral pattern on the body and five loops for pendants, outlined in false filigree, has losses - the second head and the loop on the back (No. 54) have not been preserved. Despite the lack of analogies in printed publications, such pendants can be found on the Internet. Place of discovery - Klinsky district of the Moscow region. There are almost no published analogies in two realistically made bronze flat-relief cocks with an eye for hanging. One of them was found in the Ivanovo region (No. 55), the other - in the northwestern regions of Russia (No. 56).

Along with flat ones, hollow pendants of the “chicken family” are also found. All of them were made in the 11th-12th centuries, but, despite the general similarity, almost every copy is individual. An interesting hollow bronze cockerel with a body ornamented with rounded dents and a ridge along the lower edge, a head decorated with a scallop and two loops along the body (No. 57). The hollow cockerels found in the Ryazan (No. 58) and Vologda (No. 59) regions with a smooth body, a head with a comb and two loops along the body look much simpler.

From the 12th to the end of the 14th century. there are hollow zoomorphic pendants, in the form of which the features of a horse are visible, whose cult was also widespread among the Slavs. Very nice are two (one from the Yaroslavl (No. 60), the other from the Vladimir (No. 61) regions) hollow, single-headed, with a beak-shaped muzzle flattened vertically and ears in the form of two rings located along the axis of the body. The lower part of the body is ornamented with a zigzag line enclosed between two rims. The tail is in the form of two rings. On both sides of the body there are a pair of rings for attaching pendants.

Two finds from the Novgorod region differ from each other. The first, a hollow two-headed horse, has a wide cylindrical muzzle (No. 62). The mane is transferred by a flat strip. The lower part of the body is ornamented with a zigzag line between two rims, below there are rings (three on both sides of the body) for attaching pendants. The second is a two-headed horse (No. 63) with a vertically flattened muzzle and ears in the form of two rings across the axis of the body. The lower part of the body is ornamented with a zigzag line. There are three rings on both sides of the body, and one more under the tail for attaching pendants.

Thus, in a relatively short period of time, it was possible to collect and describe many monuments of cosmogonic and magical ideas of the ancient Slavs, and some of them are unique. I hope that acquaintance with the materials of the site will arouse interest not only among search engines, archaeologists, local historians and historians, but also among all those who are interested and dear to the way of life, culture and beliefs of our ancestors.

Reconstruction of the costume and jewelry of a girl from Yaroslavl, late XII - early XIII centuries According to the materials of the Department of Protective Excavations of the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
An artistic reconstruction of a woman's costume, clearly illustrating the way of wearing some amulets and pendants, can be seen in the article "Old Russian women's jewelry headdress of the 11th - 13th centuries, reconstruction drawings by Oleg Fedorov".

Literature.

1. Golubeva L.A. Amulets. - Ancient Russia. Life and culture. / Archeology of the USSR. M., 1997.
2. Golubeva L.A. Zoomorphic ornaments of the Finno-Ugric peoples. AIS. Issue. E1-59. M., 1979.
3. Golubeva L.A. Finno-Ugrians and Balts in the Middle Ages - Archeology of the USSR. M., 1987.
4. Korshun V.E. Native antiquity. Finding what was lost. M., 2008.
5. Rybakov B.A. The paganism of ancient Russia. M., 1988.
6. Ryabinin E.A. The zoomorphic ornaments of the ancient Russia X-XIV centuries AIS. Issue. E1-60. M., 1981.
7. Sedov V.V. East Slavs in the VI-XIII centuries. - Archeology of the USSR. M., 1982.
8. Sedova M.V. Jewelry of Ancient Novgorod (X-XV centuries). M. 1981.
9. Jewelry made of precious metals, alloys, glass. - Ancient Russia. Life and culture. / Archeology of the USSR. M., 1997.
10. Uspenskaya A.V. Breast and waist pendants. - Essays on the history of the Russian village X-XIII centuries. Tr. GIM. Issue. 43. M., 1967.

The ancient world is a canopy of mysteries and secrets. Many of them are magic items. These are amulets, talismans and amulets that people made to help themselves. Each of them is a gift from the gods, secret knowledge. amulets they helped in difficult times, protected from diseases, brought joy, punished enemies. A lot of mysterious Slavic symbols have survived to this day. It is a pity that even more has been lost over the centuries. Every slavic symbol and the amulet carries a special meaning, a semantic load. It was possible to make such a thing only if you know all the subtleties. This was done by the oldest members of the family or the Magi. Human life was closely connected with mysticism, and amulets came into use even in times ancient animism. Slavic gods were fair and strong, always responded to people's requests for help. In battle, in the field or at home, with children, during childbirth - there is a place everywhere special amulet, which made life easier, the suffering of people.

Religion, beliefs, gods

Since ancient times, the sun god lives in the sky. It shines so brightly that it is able to warm the whole earth, every stone, a small animal, and, of course, a person with its own warmth. The sun god had several names. The very first - Yarilo. The bright, kind god of the ancient Slavs created his own heavenly army, which every night fought with the army of darkness for life in the world. The sun sets at sunset, the fight begins. Night is not a calm time, then ghosts, devils and demons walk around the world. They all try to take over the human soul.

Morning comes Yarilo wins, a new bright day begins. Therefore, a person spends the night in the house, next to his relatives. He is surrounded familiar gizmos and, of course, protect. If a person decorates frames and doors with amulets, then evil will not get into the house. nightgown, cutlery, children's toys - all this was decorated with intricate coastal drawings.

While the god Yarilo is fighting in the underworld, people have the opportunity to defend themselves from the forces of evil. His wife goddess Lada patronizes all women, girls, girls on earth. The goddess weeps bitterly woman suffering from fatigue, injustice or pain. She taught them how to make amazing amulets that protect beauty for many years, help in the household.

In addition, there is a very strong progenitor god - Rod. It is much older than Yarilo himself. From Rod began life on the whole Earth. He protects family ties, protects the family and children.

The wise but cunning Veles lives in the underworld. He revealed to people great knowledge about mysticism, taught them to heal, showed what herbs and roots can be collected and brewed against fever, nausea, to relieve pain or give a healthy sound sleep.

gods and heroes of the ancient Slavic world are known to many. they were brave, courageous, but kind. Often the gods descended to earth from their golden halls to help people, and to see how life on earth is going.

Mysticism and animism

The most ancient period of the life of the Slavic tribes is the era of animism. In those distant times, everything acquired a soul in the eyes of people. stones, trees, natural phenomena were endowed with mystical properties. The Slavs believed that gods are everywhere. It made the world amazing place where everything is possible. Back then people were very close to nature treated her with care.

Animism did not last so long, beliefs evolved. The gods received new functions, more complex. If before each deity was responsible for only one thing, then in the period of late animism, one the God could represent a whole set of functions.

The gods punished and bestowed, encouraged, scolded, got angry at people, pouring rain, showering them with hail and lightning. All this is often great history people. Today, many people follow the pagan beliefs of their ancestors. Who knows, perhaps they have unraveled some special secrets? Exists many communities that reproduce ancient customs, life and life of people.

Workshops make amulets, talismans, household items according to vintage recipes . The significance of this is great, because this is how we maintain the memory of generations. If you are interested in life pagan Russia, you need to learn more about how people lived in those years. This is easy to do, because the information is in the public domain. Mysticism of the ancient Slavs one of the most interesting in world history.

Charms, talismans, amulets

There are important differences between these three concepts. What is it and how to use it?

The meaning of the word "amulet" is clear without translation. This is an object that protects from something, protects. They can be of different sizes forms, material. Charms come from:

• stone;
• tree;
• clay;
• gland;
• precious metal.

They were worn openly or under clothing, hidden at home. Such an item has strong protection function from negative impact different kind.

The amulet has different functions. It usually gives a person special character traits or properties. Amulet for strong health, good study, from the evil eye and damage ... A lot different combinations who, on the one hand, protect from evil, like a talisman On the other hand, they help people.

The talisman most often directs his energy to good luck, success, luck. Such happy objects are not uncommon even now. A special coin, a lucky sweater, for example. We ourselves often create them without even knowing it. Items that bring us good luck are talismans. They can be custom made, but you can only make sure that this or that thing always brings you success.

Talismans for family and home

These symbols of the holy race were widespread. At home, they occupied a place of honor. They had to be placed where people gather most often, or else, they hid under the bed. Very often, talismans for the home were made of soft natural material - clay. It was fired, added to the composition of clay various magical herbs to give them strength.

Such an object of power was carefully kept, because even though the burnt clay becomes hard, it is still fragile. The second most popular material for home amulets is wood. warm, natural, malleable for processing. Very beautiful patterns were made on them by craftsmen. Such a charm was made for a long time, carefully. Perhaps several years. It was given a special shape, traditional patterns and runes, the names of the gods were applied. The value of such an item is very great - it could even be inherited.

family mascot needed to be honored and respected. Children were brought to him to bow, on religious holidays they decorated him, they took him out into the yard. Exists a lot of traditions associated with home amulets. This is an item that maintains a good atmosphere in the house, calmness, comfort. Many of them depicted gods. Kept nearby aroma oils for smoking, daily women fresh flowers, water from a pure stream, bread and sweets were brought to them.

The most famous symbols of home protection:

Wedding attendant

Only one day a year it was worn and used. The rest of the time, the Svedebnik is in the house in a place of honor. This interesting geometric symbol made for a wedding. On this great day, the blessing of the gods was asked for marriage between a man and a woman. The gods agreed, but required people to conclude an oath of allegiance to each other.

This beautiful amulet was a vow of oath. Taking it in their hands before the face of the elders and all the people, they swore to love each other and honor, not betray, respect, honor the father of their husband or wife as their own. Such a vow cannot be broken, because it is given before all the supreme the gods of the Slavs.

After wedding Wedding attendant kept at home, but no longer used for ritual purposes. Its purpose is to bind vows of husband and wife, and after - it is just a beautiful reminder of this day. Therefore, do not give Wedding attendant to your friends on a wedding anniversary or just like that - the amulet will not work, since the wedding has already been concluded.

Makosh symbol

Goddess Makosh taught women a lot. She showed me how to weave, sew, run a household, take care of livestock. She helps them during pregnancy and childbirth. When it is hard for women from household chores, they feel tired and their bones ache, you need to approach the Mokosh symbol and ask the goddess for advice. She will teach you how to get things done. This beautiful amulet was placed in the female half of the house, in the wife's room. Most often, she made it herself, or bought it in sanctuary of Mokosh.

In more early era all amulets for the home were made by an older woman or man. Later, this role was transferred to temples, sanctuaries and temples of the gods. The significance of such a change is very great for the history of the religion of the ancients. Slavs. These changes show how faith is being transformed, moving into its more complex stage, when money and the opportunity to acquire cult objects are poured into it.

Alatyr

The symbol is very useful for everyone without exception. Usually, Alatyr were made when the children in the family began to walk, to actively explore the world. In a simple, everyday sense, Alatyr is an addition to the mind, symbol of learning and development Thus, the kids were helped to quickly get on their feet, take up teaching. It was believed that if Alatyr stands in the house then the children will learn well. They will succeed and glorify their parents.

In more difficult aspect, Alatyr - a symbol of the development of the Universe according to the ancient tribes. This symbol is very old, much older than most Slavic symbols. He demonstrates constant, continuous development, change for the better. Universe does not stand still, but is constantly in motion. So the human mind should not stop, a person needs to move on, to know the world.

Charms for women

Women in ancient times had no easier time than a husband ranks. Heavy household duties, streaking, harvesting, caring for children and the elderly, and working in the field fell on them. They worked on an equal footing with men, although in itself a woman in the theory of Slavic mysticism is a creature lofty and fragile. But, when there are “seven on the benches”, and even animals and crops, there is no need to rest. In addition, after their long working day, women found time to spin, sew, embroider, make a variety of decorative gizmos for home decoration.

The favorite Slavic symbol of the amulet for women is the symbol of Lada. The goddess loves to help girls, women of any age. When a woman suffers, cries, then the goddess Lada herself is not herself, she cannot sit still. Prayers are addressed to her, she is asked for help, support. She always responds by sending help. To maintain their female health, attractiveness, women use these charms. They are worn on the body under clothing, or kept at home where no one will see. Such items traditionally were made from the most feminine material - silver.

Star of Lada

This amulet has several functions at once.. It could be bought or made to a girl at an early age, but you can wear it all your life. It protects women's health, makes it easy to get pregnant and bear healthy children. During pregnancy

The Lada star keeps not only the woman herself, but also her child. Such protection is essential babies and newborns are not yet protected by their own energy. They are very susceptible to the influence of evil forces. If a woman wants to protect a child, she will keep the Star of Lada under his bed.

The second is a symbol of a woman's longevity. Unfortunately, in those days, the age of life was not so long. Illness, hard work winter cold and damp autumn is merciless. especially to the weak. To avoid trouble, a woman must wear this amulet on herself constantly. Then everything will be fine, diseases will not rise. powerful source women's health in silver. It's a symbol Goddess Lada, and also - silver has amazing properties to kill pathogenic bacteria.

Lada Mother of God

Second Lada symbol, which was also often worn or kept at home. He supports marriage and family. As now, many centuries ago, people did not always have everything in marriage smoothly. In order for the husband to love, not to go to the side, it was necessary to wear this amazing amulet. Lada Mother of God protected the family, life, helped to solve complex issues of relationships between people. Girl and boy those getting married were very young. Some were 13-14 years old, so it was not possible to expect special consciousness from the very beginning from such young people. The amulet kept them from bad deeds, quarrels, scandals..

This is how love was born in the house, and then it was passed on to the younger generation. Lada Mother of God of children also kept so the mothers would hide a small clay charm under the child's bed. They lived in reverence for adults, and from early childhood they themselves learned to manage the household.

Men's amulets

The life of a man in ancient times was hard. He is not just a protector and breadwinner, he is also the head of the family. Work at home, in the field, blacksmith, hunting and trade - all this fell on men's shoulders. Of course, the woman worked on an equal footing with him, but the most difficult duties in the field and at home were transferred to men. Moreover, from an early age. A boy at the age of 10-12 already knew how to shoe a horse, plow and sow, grind flour, went fishing and hunting with his father. In those distant times, hunting and fishing were not entertainment, but a vital necessity. Boys were taught to work from childhood.

The value of the amulet for a man is very great. Who else to rely on in a harsh winter - on the gods, but on yourself. So, amulets for men there were a lot. This symbols of courage, patience, mind. They helped make Difficult choice- who are you? In battle and in the field, with children, wife, at work - always a man had to remain a brave, reasonable, strong man. Pro Russian heroes there were legends, because they were all on the shoulder. With divine help, oh they were an amazing people.

Velesovik

The symbol belongs to the god Veles. This is a wise god who refers to the underworld. Although Vesel is recognized as a devil, his influence on people's lives is great. Veles is not looking for a moment to deceive the human soul, he helps people instructs them. It was this god who gave people knowledge about magic, healing, mysticism.

The amulet is made of dark wood or iron. It must be worn discreetly under clothing, otherwise someone can see. Then amulet won't help. Protects from the evil eye, protects from rash acts. Symbol of wisdom, enlightenment. Not everyone dares to wear it, because Velesovik develops psychic abilities in people.

Valkyrie

A very valuable amulet. Valkyrie - solar symbol of the Sun, light, wisdom. He was advised to wear it to those young men and men who did not know how to control themselves, climbed into marriage. A real man must be brave, courageous, courageous. If you need to defend your innocence or protect loved ones- Can use force.

True, not all battles are won with fists, sometimes you need ingenuity, cunning. To do this, the head must be "cold". For those who could not hold back their fists, this amulet gave wisdom, helped soberly without anger to look at any situation. The most correct solution young man offer to cut this amulet out of wood yourself, and think about your life.

solar cross

brave warriors glorified ancient Russia. Of course, the point here is not at all in amulets and talismans, but in the hearts of people. But, in order to make it easier for a person to endure the hardships of wartime, and to go into battle bravely, carved on swords and shields Solar Cross. This symbol called men to perseverance, helped them in the terrible moments of battles.

It was believed that to cut such shield is simply impossible, because it is abstracted by the symbol supreme god Sun. Courage and steadfastness, pride in their people were inspired by the Solar Cross. All the best that is in a man, he awakened. Such the army will definitely win, if it is fair and will be pleasing to the gods. The cross on the shield was carved by the warrior himself, and the elder of his family had to bless him with his word.

Kolovrat

Most Popular Male Sim ox of the ancient Slavic world. Its meaning is patronage, the help of the gods. This is one of the oldest solar symbols, which has become synonymous with the times of the pagan gods. It was made from a variety of materials, worn around the neck, belt, embroidered on shirts. Such an amulet was highly valued, especially if it was made by a clergyman in accordance with all the canons and rules.

He was worn openly so that evil forces could immediately see - it is better not to mess with this person. he is under the auspices of the gods, he has their mark on him. Kolovrat and today does not lose its strength, more and more often you can see followers of Slavic paganism who choose it as their own everyday amulet. It can be worn every day, even while sleeping.

For happiness, luck, well-being

When the gods rule the world, and people only obey their will - luck is perceived as a special arrangement of one or another god. Pray for wealth and find a gold coin on the street, ask for happiness, and the next day meet your betrothed. Everyone is happy present from a good god who watch over life common man. To appease the gods, and ask them for what they want, people wore things like that. They attract good luck, prosperity and happiness. What else can you dream of?

Happy amulets had to be made of bright metals, light woods. They were decorated with stones intricate ligature of symbols, people did not skimp on buying such a talisman, because with him you could expect any miracles from life.

Coil

good luck symbol, healing from illnesses and a successful completion of the case. The serpent with four heads is a mystical symbol of ancient animism. It is worn on a leather cord over a shirt. Moreover, it could be worn by both a man and female. Almost all talismans for good luck did not require belonging to a particular gender.

The serpentine drove away everything bad from a person, and the snake heads vigilantly watched so that a person would not missed your luck. Very often he was promoted, figuring out in which direction to go in search of happiness. This amazing talisman was most often made of metal, but wooden images are also found. The main rule is that you cannot transfer or donate your Serpentine. It's like giving your luck to someone else. Who will volunteer to do this?

Kolovrat

Very often it was worn precisely in order to bring happiness into life. Not only brave warriors wanted happy life but also to women. Rarely, but they wore such amulets. Most often - secretly, because by its nature, Kolovrat male sign. Women it was not appropriate to use it, but many secretly under their clothes always carried a small image with them.

Black Sun

Universal security symbol, which was protected not only on the battlefield, but also in everyday life. Dark forces tried to penetrate into the soul of a person, to take away from him all the brightest, purest. This symbol helped against them. He fenced a person from the harmful influence of dark magic, helped him cope with difficulties.

This sign brought good luck to those who honor their fathers and grandfather, follow the chosen path with their heads held high. It is not suitable for the weak, so, strong-willed love chose him as a happy amulet.

From evil, damage, evil eye

IN old days mysticism and magic were commonplace. Everyone knew that a person can have amazing abilities. So, white magic was practiced, but there was also black magic. Evil eye, damage, black love spells were energy hazards. Young girls could be bewitched by guys, and grown men for your pleasure. They appeared to them at night in dreams, forcing them to do various pleasant and not so pleasant things.

They could also get into a person’s dreams evil spirits who wanted to take over his soul. The man thought that had a bad dream, and us in fact, his soul was captured by an evil force. Symbols that they wore on themselves, embroidered on nightgown or hidden under the bed they took care of a person in a dream and in reality.

Lunnitsa

This the symbol was worn exclusively by women. He protected them from the eye, corruption or curse. To bewitch a girl who wears around her neck silver lunnitsa was impossible. Everyone knew this. This is another symbol of the goddess Lada, who patronized young, inexperienced girls so that trouble would not happen to them.

The symbol protected their femininity, protected them from problems with conception. If someone wanted to harm, then the spoilage of infertility was imposed on the woman. Then there was no need to think about a happy family life. To prevent this from happening, it was necessary Wear a lunette around your neck, and embroider a nightgown with the symbols of the goddess Lada.

Symbol of the Family

Powerful protection against the forces of evil - Rod. All your ancestors stood up for protection, drove away evil, damage, curses and evil words from you with their own forces. He acted only when a person led a righteous life, honored the memory of his ancestors. Ultimately, everyone was in some family ties. Huge people held each other helping each other so. Remember the story about the broom? It is easy to break it along the twig, but to break the whole one? It's impossible. There is no such force that would break an entire nation.

Faith in their ancestors helped the Slavs in difficult times, protected them from misfortunes. To them asked for advice and support. The symbol of the Family is also solar. after all, this is one of the oldest symbols that scientists have managed to find.

Perunov Color

Protects from all misfortunes, and especially from diseases induced by magic . A person can

curse on sickness, so that he then does not know how to be treated, what to do. If no means help, then someone cursed or jinxed. Then put on this amulet. In general, it was advised to wear it constantly behind a belt. Then the disease will not get through. If it wasn’t worn, then it was only allowed to put it on during the illness, and then Perunov Tsvet had to be in the ground bury, because he took all the negativity.

Popular questions for the practice of Slavic magic

Not all questions are easily answered. People often ask at the council's practitioners so this is just a small list of popular questions. The answer to them is always very simple. But, every little thing matters if you decide get a real Slavic amulet.

Whether to wear every day?

Not all charms or amulets must be worn every day. If you have crafted or purchased an item that has powerful protective properties so you don't have to wear it every day. You can wear it when life begins unplanned (unpleasant) change, or you are in danger.

His energy is very strong, you can't always stand the whole day with them or the night. In a dangerous situation, all his strength is spent on protection, you do not feel as keenly how strong the protective symbol is. The most important thing - you should be comfortable. If your head hurts, you feel sick, your blood pressure drops, you constantly want to sleep - the energy of the amulet suppresses you. This symbol does not fit. Perhaps a woman wears a man's or vice versa.

Make your own talisman or better buy?

No one can give you a definite answer to this question. The point is that both ways are good. For
those who are just starting their practices are best amulet or buy a charm. Of course, ideal if you buy it from a trusted master, practice. He will do everything according to the canons, so that he will act without fail.

If you have already reached a certain level, then you can do it yourself. Be sure to study the images and tips of the masters. Otherwise, you might make a mistake the amulet will be damaged. It is better not to wear such an object of power, it is not known how it will work.

I heard that amulets need to be cleaned with salt

It's true. Once a year, or more often, amulets need to be cleaned. Salt is a universal remedy. It takes on all the energy of the subject, clearing it of negativity. It is necessary to immerse the amulet in a bowl or other container filled with coarse sea salt. Leave it like this for 1-3 days.

After that, the amulet can be used again, he gave away all the accumulated negativity. This salt should not be kept at home or eaten. So you take it all back. She needs dig into the ground or let it flow along the river.

Where to buy a good amulet?

Many esoteric stores offer a choice of wooden or metal amulets. There you can find the names and contacts of the masters. It matters how long he has been practicing working with wood, how well he knows the rules for creating these items. It is best to take the contact of the master from trusted people who are well versed in this tradition. Then you will get really valuable, charged with the correct energy thing.

In culture Ancient Russia special place occupied amulets- items designed to protect from misfortune and bring wealth and love to the house.

They could be very different: clay or bone figurines, jewelry, embroidery on clothes, pieces of birch bark with incantations...

Having arisen in pagan times, the amulets were preserved among the people even after the adoption of Christianity - and each of them had its own specific sacred meaning, protecting a person from one or another danger.

solar circle

Among the amulets, the most interesting are those that served to protect the home, since they, as a rule, were associated not with the material value of the thing, but with its sacred meaning. They were placed in the courtyard of the house, in front of the entrance to it, as well as inside - in places that, according to the owners, needed special protection.

: Even painted household utensils served primarily to ward off misfortunes, and only then - to please the eye. For the same purpose, carvings were made on doors, shutters or platbands - these were not just decorations, but protective signs.

The oldest protective symbols were patterns associated with the three elements worshiped by the Slavs: Earth, Water and Fire. It was they who were most often called upon to protect the dwelling. The sign of the Earth and fertility was a rhombus, divided into four parts with dots inside each, the symbol of Water was wavy lines, and the Fire-slanting cross.

Our ancestors usually placed protective signs around openings or structures through which evil spirits could enter the house: gates, doors, windows, chimneys. They were covered with a special ornament - usually with the image of the sun (a six- or eight-pointed star inscribed in a circle) or crosses that protect a person from evil forces from the four cardinal points.

The symbols of the sun were supposed to protect the dwelling from the evil spirits of the night. On the facade of the house, the sun was often depicted three times - morning, noon and evening (the middle sign is at the highest point, and the two side signs are lower).

Next to the solar symbolism, there could be a thunder sign (a circle divided into six sectors) - the symbol of Perun, which protected the house from lightning, as well as the sign of Rarog (a cross surrounded by a circle) - a symbol of the harmony of heavenly and earthly fire, "responsible" for the health of the inhabitants Houses.

Correct horseshoe

The image of a horse, a sacred animal for the ancient Russians, is associated with solar symbolism - it was a heavenly chariot driven by Dazhbog, personifying the sun. In order for the owners of the hut to live long, this image was placed on the roof.

The swings in the yard were also decorated with figurines of horses. In the songs and legends of the Slavs, the swing of a girl on a swing correlated with her love for the sun and further luck in marriage. And joint swinging on a swing of a young man and a girl was considered as a wish for them happiness.

: To attract happiness, old bast shoes and pots were hung on the fence, and horseshoes were nailed to the gate. It was believed that the horseshoe resembles a moon in shape and is a talisman, because it is forged from iron in a cleansing fire.

Our ancestors believed that if a horseshoe was placed in the chimney, it would prevent the witch from flying into the house, and if attached to the bed, then nightmares would not occur.

A horseshoe was also hung over the front door. This ancient custom has survived to this day - however, today such a talisman can often be found hanging with the ends down, while the ancient Russians placed it with the ends up. After all, a horseshoe open up catches and stores happiness, and an open one cannot hold it and misses it.

Archaeological finds of ancient Slavic amulets. This is what could be found in the usual settlement of the Vyatichi. Bank of the river Vyssa Kaluga region. The settlement burned down and was destroyed several times. The main part of the finds is from the time of the Vyatichi (XI-XIII centuries). Above: buttons, a Radimich cuff for a cloak, a temporal ring for a girl, a crescent moon, belt patches, fragments of temporal rings, pendants, and objects of unknown purpose. In addition, the arrowhead, similar to the Polovtsian.

Broom for brownie

Inside the house, almost all household items were covered with a protective ornament: a stove, kitchen table, utensils, working tools.

The door was perceived not just as an entrance to a dwelling - it was the boundary between the inner and outer worlds. In addition to locks and bolts, it was supposed to be guarded by carved crosses, bunches of nettles lying at the threshold, fragments of a scythe or a knife stuck into the cracks of the threshold or jamb.

The threshold for the Russians was the boundary between the world of the living and the world of the dead (they used to bury the ashes of their ancestors under it to protect the family). For this reason, it was impossible to sweep garbage through it, so as not to sweep someone from the family. It was also impossible to talk or pass anything over the threshold. The guest had to be met at the threshold and let into the house in front of him.

The stove was very revered, it was perceived as a nurse, there lived a fire, a protector and keeper of the family, a manifestation of the god Svarog. Therefore, his signs were present in the ornament of the furnace - a square (family hearth) and two crossed spindles (symbols of a flame). The stove was kept clean, next to it it was impossible to swear.

When bread was baked in it, the doors were locked so that someone else would not enter - it was believed that this would attract poverty into the house. Cleaning the house should have started from the door to the stove, and not vice versa. The heated stove could not be left empty - firewood was put into it so that it would dry out, or water was put in to heat it up.

The ancient Russians believed that the well-being of the home directly depends on the respectful attitude towards the brownie who lives under the stove. For him, a broom, bast shoes and a bread shovel were hung next to the stove - so that he knew that the house would always be clean, rich and satisfying.

Diagonally from the stove was a red corner (pokutie), the best place in the house to which the headboards were turned. Here the table was located and most of the rites associated with the birth, wedding or funeral were performed.

In the red corner, before the advent of Christianity, there was usually a bunch of ears of corn - a symbol of prosperity, so that bread would not be transferred in the house. Several grains from this bunch were necessarily added to the wheat, which was sown in the field in the spring.

Towel with roosters

A special protective role was given to embroidery, which adorned bed linen, towels, tablecloths and napkins. Its main purpose was protection from misfortune and damage.

To create such an amulet, the ancient craftswomen followed numerous rules and rituals. For example, no knots should remain on the reverse side of the material - otherwise the needlework would lose its magical power.

It was impossible to make embroidery - a talisman for oneself - just as one cannot ask someone to create it. The amulet will have power if created by blood relatives and donated from a pure heart.

Each element of embroidery had a specific meaning. Basically, when creating it, symbols of the sun were used (various crosses, including those with antennae, directed in the direction of the luminary).

But also the signs of a tree (herringbone) were used - a symbol of long life, a star - a symbol of reason, a flower - a symbol of beauty, circles and squares - symbols of fertility.

The pattern was supposed to consist of a closed rounded contour - then it would not let the evil spirits through and serve as real protection. It was not necessary to make several protective embroideries of different purposes on one thing - for each of them it was necessary to choose a separate canvas.

Ritual towels played a special role in the life of the Russians. The patterns on them reflected family or calendar events. On holidays, bread and salt were taken out on ritual towels (salt served as a symbol of the sun and love, bread - earth and fertility, and the towel itself - human destiny). The bride and groom joined their hands during the betrothal, wrapping them in a towel so that there would be prosperity in the future family.

The midwife laid the newborn baby on a new, specially prepared towel. Symbols of loss were depicted on the funeral towel (a rhombus, similar to the symbol of the earth, but not with dots, but empty inside).

Protective embroidery on clothes

Everyday towels were also embroidered with a protective ornament - usually with the image of roosters, the cry of which drives away evil spirits. And in order for the embroidery not to lose its miraculous properties, it had to be done in one day.

With protective embroidery, preference was given to the red color of the threads. Although other colors were sometimes used: brick, scarlet, poppy, currant, cherry (that is, close to red). The drawing itself was not previously applied to the material, but only its size was outlined and the location was determined.

Key and bell

The function of amulets was also performed by many household items - for example, a hide (chest for clothes).

She was inherited from mother to daughter, she was necessarily decorated with protective carvings. It kept the dowry of the girl, which she herself had to embroider: shirts, towels, scarves, bed linen.

A very important piece of furniture was a bed, also covered with protective patterns. She was placed in good location, which was determined with the help of a cat - where she would sit. It was impossible to sleep on the bed with feet to the door, and wormwood and garlic were placed under it as protection from evil forces.

Needles and pins also served as amulets. They were sewn into the hem of a wedding dress and stuck into clothes to protect against evil spirits- or in door jambs from the entry of a witch into the house.

Sometimes an old key was hung on the wall of the hut - it seemed to lock the house, not allowing evil spells to penetrate. The key also symbolized prosperity, helping the owner achieve material prosperity. One of the most ancient amulets was also hung on the wall - an earthen bell, the ringing of which, according to legend, drove away any evil spirits from the house.

In Ancient Russia it was impossible to find a hut where there would be no amulets. This is a part of the culture associated with pagan traditions and helping to better understand the spiritual essence of the East Slavic peoples.

Platon VIKTOROV

The custom of using all kinds of objects, which, due to their magical properties, were special personal assistants, came to us from ancient times. In ancient times, various things were very actively used in Russia in order to achieve certain goals. Due to their unique and inexplicable abilities, such magical assistants helped to protect themselves from various troubles, heal from ailments, and also attract wealth, happiness, good luck into their lives. It is to such gizmos that the amulets and amulets of our ancestors, which we will talk about today, belong.

Amulets and amulets, as well as talismans, are a category of magical artifacts that are able to attract only positive and favorable events into the life of their owner and his family, while protecting them from all sorts of troubles and problems.

All ancient Russian artifacts that our ancestors associated with the incarnation own desires, suggest certain magical properties. In general, all kinds of magical gizmos carry the same meaning. However, the action of each can be directed to different areas. This is how the first classification of ancient artifacts appeared.

All the magic items known to us now, which make up the legacy of the ancient inhabitants of Russia, are divided into three categories:

• Protect. These magical objects have an effect corresponding to their name - they protect, protect, protect. They constitute the section of things belonging to the lowest degree of influence. Such an impact, provided by amulets, can affect both the owner of the thing itself and everything around him. The amulet necessarily has magical protective abilities. Each such object is aimed at protecting its owner, but additionally (at the request of the owner) it can attract various benefits to it - good luck, material wealth, happiness, love.
• Amulets. Like amulets, these products may look completely different, but will have a beneficial effect on their owner. The abilities of amulets are expressed in the fact that such objects, rather, lure certain events to a person. Such products do not have a binding, respectively, of a color scheme or shape, which is confirmed by numerous pictures and photos on the net, however, they also protect their owners from various troubles. This is also confirmed by the translation of the name itself, because in Latin the concept of "amulet" means "means of protection."
• Talismans. Unlike previous magical assistants, talismans are special items used to achieve specific goals. All such gizmos are characterized by an average degree of influence exerted not on the owner of the talisman, but on the events and objects surrounding him. In most cases, talismans have an established form and symbolize certain customs.

In general, all these magical helpers (amulets, amulets, and talismans) carry a single sacred meaning. At the same time, each such thing has its own, individual purpose. That is why, having decided to acquire one of the ancient artifacts, it is worth studying not only their appearance from photos and pictures, but also their magical abilities.

Varieties of Magic Items

Another classification of all magical items (amulets, amulets, talismans) is their division according to the principle of application. According to this, all magical items that have survived to our times can be divided into:

• Subject (material), which include talismans, amulets, and amulets. Subject magical assistants are a certain little thing or product that is endowed with a specific energy aimed at a specific goal. In the old days, they could be jewelry, products from animal body parts (fangs, paws, horns), pillows with herbs, horseshoes, pins, etc.;
• Symbolic (ritual), which represent various ancient rites, as well as symbols and signs. Since ancient times, many customs and interesting artifacts have come down to our times, which may well be considered talismans, amulets or amulets. An excellent example of this is the runes and solar signs of the ancient Slavs. Also, the habit of being baptized in dangerous and incomprehensible situations can be considered a symbolic protective amulet. In addition, symbols-embroidery on clothes, household items, housing walls, etc. are considered popular;
• Verbal. Only amulets can be verbal. Spoken in a certain setting, magical amulets will help a person get rid of a problem, protect himself from misfortune, or survive difficult situation. As a rule, these are light conspiracies and prayers, through which a person turns to light magic with the hope of enlightenment, a change for the better. Also, amulets, conspiracies and prayers can be used to activate amulets, talismans or to enhance their protective properties.

Often, subject and most symbolic artifacts are personal magical assistants, which are usually carried regularly with you. The fulfillment of this condition is the key to the effectiveness of the amulet, amulet or talisman. Another important condition that should be adhered to in the present tense is the personal use of the subject. That is, so that this kind of little thing does not lose its unearthly powers, it should not be transferred into the wrong hands.

Almost all residents in Russia used amulets, amulets. Some, with their help, sought to attract auspicious events and all sorts of blessings into their lives. The rest, often, turned to magic in the form of amulets in order to get rid of problems, heal, prevent Negative consequences events.

Classification of artifacts according to species

Everyone could use Old Russian amulets and amulets. Of course, there were special magical items that could only be used by women, or only by men. But there were also universal ones that could be useful in solving various problems that arose in the lives of both sexes, including children.

At the same time, there are different types of amulets and talismans, which are best selected not from photos and pictures, but in accordance with specific criteria. So, for example, there are three categories of magic items that allow you to make the right choice:

• Common, traditional. It can be both ancient Russian amulets and talismans, as well as Egyptian, Scandinavian, and others. As a rule, they all appeared in ancient times, when people believed more in deities and divine power, endowing all surrounding objects and things. Such magical artifacts include Chinese coins, Slavic horseshoes, Egyptian figurines and much more;
• Corresponding to specific signs of the zodiac. Such magical assistants are selected taking into account the date of birth of a person. Given the correspondence between the date of birth and the artifact belonging to this period, excellent results can be achieved. By choosing the right talisman, amulet or amulet in accordance with your birthday, you can quickly and easily achieve your goals with it. by the most vivid examples this category of artifacts are stones-talismans, plants and flowers, precious and semi-precious stones, animals;
• Personal, inherited. In most cases, such amulets, amulets are made by hand and then passed on from generation to generation. If we take the ancient Russian traditions as an example, then bright representatives of this category of products are motanka dolls, clothes with national embroidery, and jewelry.

What were the amulets in Russia?

In Russia, each family had its own amulets, amulets, which were used both for protection and to attract all kinds of benefits. Our ancient ancestors believed that with such magical assistants they would be under the auspices of the deities, under their protection.

According to beliefs and legends that have survived to this day, the customs of using (making one's own) magic items appeared among the pagan Slavs. Since then, a large part of this heritage has lived on the pages modern history. Many of the modern people who want to change their lives and attract happiness, luck, wealth into it, resort to just such gizmos. Moreover, the choice of ancient Russian magical artifacts is very wide, and everyone can choose a talisman or amulet in accordance with their wishes and needs. Below we will give the most common options with photos, which amulets, amulets, as well as talismans of the inhabitants of Russia are popular these days.

The simplest magical helpers

Among such magical assistants there are both amulets and amulets, as well as talismans. They may look completely different, but all of them are united by practicality.

The simplest are:

• a red woolen thread tied around the wrist protects from the evil eye and spoilage, due to which it is actively used in conditions modern world to protect adults and children;
• pinned to inside clothing safety pin evil people, unkind wishes and views;
• a needle inserted into the doorway with a white thread tied into three knots will protect the house from misfortunes and enemies;
• symbolizing purity amulet-broom, which is made of natural ingredients and hung in a conspicuous place in the house for its protection;
• a horseshoe hung over the front door is not only a protective talisman, but also a kind of “magnet” for good luck;
• bell at front door- an amulet that scares away evil spirits and evil spirits.

Protective signs

The Slavs had a widespread tradition to use to protect and attract good luck, happiness, love, different characters and sacred symbols. It could be both runes (applied on wooden dies or inscription stones), and solar symbols denoting certain opportunities and deities.

The most popular amulet in Russia was considered an embroidered towel. He was a family talisman that protected the family from adversity and problems, and also helped to preserve the love of spouses for many years.

Various symbols were also applied to weapons, household items, and clothing. Even now you can find national symbols in folk decorations. This tradition is still maintained today. In many families, even now shirts and dresses are embroidered with symbols and sacred Slavic signs.

Often on Slavic artifacts you can find the following symbols:

• Sun (Solntsevrat). In the photo you can see that the symbol vaguely resembles a heavenly body. Such a sign is the personification of Yarila, the god of the sun, and denotes continuous, constant movement, the cyclical nature of everything that happens. Amulets, as well as amulets with such a symbol, not only protect their owners, but also allow him to easily overcome various troubles;

• Kolovrat is the most common symbol among the Slavs, which was used in almost all ornaments. This is a universal amulet that could be used by both women and men. Such a sign helped to prolong life, win, drive away dark forces;
• Fern Color (Perunov Color) - protective amulet, protecting from the misfortunes of its owner and at the same time attracting good luck, luck, wealth to him. It has long been believed that the owner of such an artifact will be able to discover new talents in himself;
• The guardian is a universal symbol that combines several elements from different signs, as can be seen in the photo. Combining several possibilities at once, such a magical assistant will both protect its owner and grant him happiness, prosperity, attract good luck, prosperity, and health into his life.

The surrounding nature and all the events that our ancient pagan ancestors considered the messages of the gods, perceived as a kind of signs. The same association was evoked in them by the gifts of nature. Different stones, which became fossil finds of the Slavs, symbolized different deities, and therefore were used for certain purposes.

Currently, the magical properties of gems (precious and semi-precious stones) are also actively used. Many people are now resorting to just such methods of influencing the world to change your life for the better.

As a rule, amulets are selected in accordance with the date of birth of a person. According to the classification of all stones according to the signs of the zodiac, people who appeared in a certain period will be impressed by specific stones.

Now such talismans and amulets are the most common, as they are the easiest to find. On the this moment this kind of magical gizmos is on the shelves of souvenir shops and in esoteric shops. Turning to amulets in the form of stones, it is worth remembering the basic rules for choosing them. So, for example, a future magical assistant should not cause discomfort when in contact with him. Picking up a stone you like from those that will correspond to the sign of the zodiac, a person should feel warmth and comfort. Its effectiveness will depend on how correctly a stone-amulet or other amulet is selected.

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

KEMEROVSK VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE

CREATIVE PROJECT "RUSSIAN CHARMS"

PROJECT PASSPORT

Creative project "Russian amulets"

project participants: students of group TSh-71

supervisor: Kupriyanova Inna Vladimirovna, teacher of the discipline "Florist and paper-plastic" (optional)

Objective of the project:

· to acquaint students with one of the phenomena of Russian folk art - a talisman.

Project objectives:

consolidate knowledge about symbols and ancient images;

to develop the creative potential of students;

nurture love for folk art, respect for one's work, perseverance.

RELEVANCE OF THE PROJECT

Project execution plan

1. The study of Russian amulets, their significance in the life of Russian peasants

2. Making amulets

3. Presentation of the project

The theme of "Amulets" has been of interest to me for a very long time. Once upon a time, my mother and I were at an exhibition of paintings at the All-Russian Exhibition Center and there I saw these funny and funny brownies. We stood next to the shop window for a long time and looked at the crafts. These were various brooms, wickerwork, spoons, pigtails, paws, domovyata. Each amulet was different from each other, but at the same time, each work had its own character, its own soul, there was so much warmth and kindness in these works. I was especially struck by what they were made of. These were various cereals, grains, cones, herbs, dried flowers, berries, mushrooms (from salt dough), seeds, bark and twigs of trees, various braids, shreds of fabric, etc. It seemed nothing special, but at the same time I wanted to take them in my hands and look at them and look.

Therefore, I would like to introduce others to amulets - housewives, because people believed that a brownie lives in everyone, who must be appeased, otherwise he gets angry and harms the inhabitants of the house.

Goals and objectives of the project

1. HISTORY OF RUSSIAN CHARMS, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE LIFE OF RUSSIAN PEASANTS

The centuries-old history of culture is inextricably linked with folk beliefs. They came to us from the depths of time as a memory of our ancestors, the first attempts to understand the world around us, to protect ourselves from adverse events. Folk customs and beliefs have changed over time along with changes in the culture of the people.

Ancient Slavic customs and rituals were not forgotten even after the arrival of Christianity in Russia. The Orthodox Church has shown wisdom and tolerance. Therefore, Christianity only pushed back, but did not destroy the traditional worldview.

For thousands of years, not one house in Russia could do without amulets. Miniature images of an ax, a bell, spoons, as well as ordinary household items: sourdough, broom, poker, bast shoes, etc. were widely used in rituals. People believed that amulets protect them from diseases, the "evil eye", predatory animals, natural disasters and various misfortunes. Going on a long journey, a person took a talisman with him so that the goodness, faith and love invested in him warmed the soul, reminded him of father's house and earth.

Gradually, a person's view of the events taking place around him changed. Life, utensils, housing and other aspects of life changed. But the desire inherent in people to protect their home and members of their family from adversity remained unchanged. Our ancestors protected it with the help of proper location on the site, observed special rituals in choosing a place and construction, and after construction - with the help of a wide variety of symbolic images. A properly built house in itself was the best protection against possible troubles and troubles.

Our ancestors knew very well that the whole future life in a new place depends on how correctly the site for building a house is chosen. For this reason, they attached so much importance to the choice of site and the observance of the building ritual. These beliefs originate in ancient times, and today many of them may seem to us unusual superstitions, while others, on the contrary, are full of deep hidden meaning.

So, in ancient times it was impossible to build a house on a place where lightning hit, abandoned by people due to natural disasters or diseases. They did not build a house and together, where human remains were found, serious crimes were committed, someone was seriously injured, where the shafts broke or the cart overturned. Traditionally, there was respect for cemeteries.

Therefore, the traditional Slavic house was usually built as a model of the universe. The stove was a symbol of the Earth, and the opposite red corner with icons - the Sun and God in the sky ... The cult of the house is one of the oldest, therefore, ideas about the need to protect the house from real and invisible enemies have such a solid age.

The main natural boundary of the house is the walls, openings and roof, which were protected in wooden houses with the help of symbolic carvings. The door also served as a natural amulet. In houses, specially woven curtains were hung at the doors, the opening was circled along the contour with red clay.

At the birth of a child, a notch was made on the door frame with an ax as a message about the addition to the family. There was also a custom in the villages not to lock the door, to keep them open for everyone who came with good intentions.

The threshold was endowed with the greatest protective power. Signs are well known that it is impossible to pass anything through the threshold, to talk and greet through the threshold, to stand on the threshold. When crossing this line, there are numerous, both pagan in origin and Christian, prayer-amulets.

Our ancestors also tried to protect the yard. The boundary of personal space runs along the fence around the courtyard and is protected by a number of symbolic objects. These can be, for example, pots and lids, horseshoes, old bast shoes, etc., which are hung on the gate and fence, a net that is thrown over a fence or wattle fence. It was believed that in this way you can scare away birds of prey and protect domestic animals. Also, pebbles with holes, the so-called "chicken gods", also having amulets value, were hung on fence stakes or wattle fences. In our time, attention to the outer border of the yard - the fence has almost disappeared, however, the tradition is still alive - to nail a horseshoe on the gate for good luck.

Statuettes - amulets are weather vanes that were placed on the roofs of houses. In Russia, most often it was a horse or a rooster. This amulet protected the house from all kinds of misfortunes.

Amulets accompanied the life of a peasant from birth to death. The main everyday amulets of Russians in the 19th - early 20th centuries were pectoral cross and belt. The cross was often put on the baby even during childbirth, so that the child would not die unbaptized. For the unbaptized, according to popular beliefs, his guardian angel could not intercede.

Your next amulet, folk beliefs, the child was given by nature itself, as soon as his first milk tooth grew. Prior to that, he was considered especially accessible to the machinations of evil spirits, because of which it was not customary to leave him alone even for a minute.

A protective function was also carried by a cape on a shawl, which was customarily sewn from a mother's skirt. It was customary to keep two crossed knives, scissors opened with a cross, a handwritten prayer “Saints of help” (90th psalm) or “Prayer to the Holy Cross” for a talisman under the pillow in a shaky way.

From the spirits that, according to legend, penetrated the house from the outside, the child was protected with a broom for the floor, placed on the threshold at night. Instead of a broom, an ax was often placed on the threshold with the blade up. Soot smears behind the ear or on those parts of the body where its bones formed a “cross” served as a talisman against the evil eye.

For the first time, the belt was put on the baby at the stove post when he reached the age of one, but if he died before this time, then they put him in the coffin girded.

From the age of seven, a pin was worn to protect against the evil eye. For a talisman, men carried a nail or other sharp object in their pocket.

At the wedding, the bride and groom took the “Vacation” prayer for a talisman against witchcraft, which they bought from a relative or friend of a sorcerer. Needles with a broken eye were stuck into the hem of the bride, such needles were stuck into the waist part of the trousers for the groom. The bride and groom could carry onion and garlic for a talisman, mercury in a goose feather, the groom put a silver ruble or a flat stone under the heel in his right boot. An additional amulet on his wedding day was a belt that was never worn by a person. Wedding amulets were worn by newlyweds for 40 days after the wedding.

The whole life of the Russian people was permeated with a grateful and respectful attitude towards nature, in which there are mythical creatures that live in water, earth, air, fire, forest, field (goblin, water, field, brownies, kikimors, beregini, etc.). For different aspects of life and life, one or another host or assistant was responsible. Amulets have been prepared for a long time to protect the house and its inhabitants from bad spirits, diseases, to attract the brownie and appease him.

In Russia, they believed that no house stands without a brownie. Brownie is the soul of the house, the patron of the dwelling and the people living in it. He lives in the house, preferring a place where it is warm and satisfying - a stove, a kitchen. The well-being of the house depended on a respectful attitude towards the brownie. The “neighbor” arranges minor troubles for negligent owners: knocks at night, hides things, drops clothes, etc. If the brownie is on friendly terms with the owner, the house is under his protection. Brownie loves to transform into different animals, especially a cat. When moving to a new place, “Neighbour” was always called with them. He was transported in a bast shoes, on a bread shovel, on a broom: “here are those sleighs, go with us.”

Continuing these traditions, our contemporary artists make the image of a brownie and a “domovushka”. This is a broom, braid, shoulder blade, wreath, painting, etc. they depict household items made specifically for the brownie. They are made up of folklore Slavic symbols.