The largest Russian stove in the world is located in the Kaluga region. Its height is 11 meters. Previously, no house could do without a Russian stove - be it the Kuban hut or the Ural hut. And everywhere she was not just a source of warmth and food, but an almost equal member of the family: children were born on the stove and died, the weather was predicted from her and fortune-telling on Christmastide, she played an important role in matchmaking rituals. And certainly not a single fairy tale was complete without mentioning the stove: Emelya rode it, and Ilya Muromets, before becoming a hero, lay on the stove for 33 years, and Baba Yaga loved to taste a well-baked good fellow. In a word, the stove was the center of the life of any peasant house. The temperature inside the hearth of the furnace could reach 200 degrees. This is the same as in a modern oven! In traditional Russian huts, the stove was always in the center. As a rule, the height to the bed was about two and a half arshins - this is about 1.8 meters. You climb up and lie there, warming your bones. But it will not be so easy to climb onto the world's largest oven - it is located in the Kaluga region, in the village of Petrovo. It is 9 meters long, 6 meters wide and 11 meters high. Imagine a stove with a three-story house! This gigantic building houses the Museum of the Russian Stove, where you can see how the nurse of the whole family is arranged, not only outside, but also inside. The structure of the traditional Russian stove has always remained unchanged: the baking oven, the stove itself and the chimney. These are the three most important elements of the oven. It was believed that a brownie lived in the sub-furnace, in the lowest tier, next to the grabs and sacks of potatoes. To keep the keeper of the house order always in a good mood, from time to time he was left with a loaf of bread. And for the holidays, the brownie got something stronger. Above the furnace is a firebox. It is also called the crucible. Here they cooked food, washed themselves and were treated for colds. From the first days of life, the stove played a very important role in a person's life. And these are not empty words. There were cases when premature babies were nursed with the help of the stove. The baby was wrapped in dough and placed in a warm oven. The fact is that the temperature and humidity level there are optimal for the newborn and help him to get stronger. By the way, they were treated not only with stove heat, but also with ash - it was mixed with food, and a medicine was obtained like modern activated carbon. Culinary masterpieces But first of all, the Russian stove, of course, fed the whole family - they cooked cabbage soup in it, fried potatoes, dried mushrooms and berries, baked bread and pies. And they cooked immediately for the whole week in advance. You could bake up to 60 kilograms of bread at a time! Through the mouth, the hostess, with the help of a shovel, put the dough on the "under" - bricks, which lined the entrance to the oven. Here the most delicious pies were obtained - occasion. The temperature inside the furnace could reach 200 degrees. This is the same as in a modern oven! To prevent the food from burning, the hostess monitored the temperature with flour. She threw a handful into the oven and looked at its color: if the flour got golden, the temperature for baking was right, and if it turned black, then the oven was too hot, and you had to wait until it cooled down a little. Usually, in the middle lane, the stove was heated from mid-October to April, until it became warm outside. For kindling the stove, they used birch, linden, alder and spruce firewood, wood chips or coal. In those regions where there was very little firewood (in the tundra or in the steppe), straw or weeds were used, as well as peat and dung - manure compressed and dried in the sun. Until the middle of the 19th century, the Russian stove did not have a chimney, they stoked, as it was then called, "in black" - all the smoke went not outside, but inside the house. And it cannot be said that the peasants suffered from this. On the contrary, the smoke saved them from smallpox and plague, because it interfered with the spread of the virus. And there have never been cockroaches in the Russian hut. These uninvited guests appeared in peasant houses only when the stove began to be heated "in white". Written beauty Of course, the Russian stove could not be faceless - it was decorated with all kinds of floral ornaments. They painted the stove right on the whitewash, as a rule, in red and blue tones. Although later, when they learned to make large windows in the hut, and it became lighter in the rooms, the stoves began to be painted in dark colors - brown and green. From above it was decorated with light decorative trim. Paints were prepared from natural ingredients - herbs and roots, and mixed on the basis of chicken egg yolks. For painting, the craftsmen often used curly stamps, also made from edible materials: potatoes, turnips or beets. Quite simply, it was possible to get an image of a rose - it was enough to cut an unripe head of cabbage in half, smear it with paint at the cut and press it against the plane of the oven. Patterning brushes were made from pet hair, pig bristles and goose feathers. Speaking about the traditions associated with the stove, do not forget that for many people it is still an integral part of everyday life. Despite the fact that it is already the 21st century, in many villages houses are still heated only by a stove. Of course, it does not look the same as it used to be, and they no longer wash and care for children in it. However, until now the most delicious pastries are obtained only in a real oven. Even abroad, where the fashion for everything Russian has long been established, our oven did not go unnoticed. They say that one of the richest people on the planet - Bill Gates - has a real Russian oven in the dining room, in which pies are prepared for him. So we can say that the stove is a universal embodiment of the hearth, wherever it is. DIY Russian stove In order to lay the Russian stove with your own hands, you need to understand the principle of operation and the structure of the Russian stove. In different parts of Russia, Russian stoves had different shapes, sometimes very unusual specimens were found, but the basic dimensions were nevertheless observed quite strictly. The average Russian stove had the following dimensions: the width of the Russian stove was 2 arshins (about 142 cm), the length was 3 arshins (about 213 cm) and the height from the floor to the stove bench was 2.5 arshins (about 180 cm); the device of the Russian stove is shown in detail on Figure 1. A Russian stove above the indicated dimensions could heat a room of 30 square meters. Usually the Russian stove was located in the corner, next to the door. The laying of the Russian stove was made on a foundation of stones or broken bricks. And in the distant old Russian times on the foundation of thick coniferous or oak logs. The base of the Russian stove was laid on the foundation. The materials used were wild stones, bricks, clay, and wood available at that time. Each Russian stove had a baking oven - a specially designated place for stove implements. In order for the Russian stove to retain heat longer, various heat-consuming materials were laid between the walls of the stove and the vaults. During the construction of the Russian stove, bricks and mortar were used. Most often, red ceramic bricks were used, obtained by firing ordinary bricks. After firing, the brick became more durable. Sometimes the laying of the Russian stove was also made from raw (unbaked brick). This was done mainly by poor peasants. In rare cases, one could find a Russian raw stove in the royal mansions, and those stoves that were encountered were necessarily tiled with tiles. They loved the Russian stove not only because it gave off heat for a long time. The Russian stove with a stove bench served as an excellent resting place. The warmth of the Russian stove had a positive effect on the entire human body. Therefore, the Russian person never complained about a cold. The Russian bath and the warmth of the Russian stove tempered the person. Cooking on a Russian stove. The design of the Russian oven made it possible to cook not only porridge on it, but also to bake bread, pies, dry mushrooms and berries. Roasting in a Russian oven. Pottery was fired in a Russian oven. They did it according to the following scheme. First, firewood was laid, and dishes intended for firing were placed on top of the firewood (or on pre-laid bricks). They stoked the stove until the temperature in the stove reached 900 degrees Celsius. After that, they stopped heating and waited for the stove to cool down (this happened only the next day). In the Russian stove, they burned not only dishes, but also toys. Moreover, the toys were burned, as a rule, during a conventional firebox. In an interesting and very interesting way, the peasants determined the temperature of the Russian stove. For this, a small piece of paper was used. They put it in the oven and waited for the piece of paper to char. If this happened immediately, then the temperature in the Russian stove is higher than 300 degrees Celsius, if with a delay of 5 seconds, then the oven temperature is 270 degrees, 15 seconds - 250 degrees, 30 seconds - 230 degrees, 1 minute - 200 degrees, 5 min - 180 degrees, 10 min - 150 degrees. If the piece of paper has not yet charred, then the temperature in the Russian oven is less than 150 degrees.
From time immemorial, almost immediately after a person began to cook food on fire, the hearth became the most important component of his home. Years, centuries passed and the simplest hearths were improved, gradually transforming into more economical, safe and easy-to-use ovens. This article offers a small selection of the most notable home ovens used for cooking by different nations, in different conditions. 
Tandoor
Furnaces of this type are widespread in Central Asia. They are made in the form of a ceramic (clay) hemisphere with a hole at the top (or, on the side), installed on a clay base, under the open sky. It is noteworthy that the tandoor is of two types: vertical and horizontal, it all depends on where its hole is directed. If it is up, then the oven is vertical. Bread and samsa are baked in it, and barbecue can also be fried. If the hole is directed to the side, such a tandoor is called horizontal, and is used only to bake bread. When working with a tandoor, a special hook is required, otherwise it is impossible to avoid burns when laying dough (or meat), as well as when removing cooked food.
Russian stove
Furnaces of this type were widespread among the sedentary peoples living in the eastern part of Europe with severe and long winters. The Russian stove is a monumental structure and is versatile in use. It was used not only for cooking and heating the interior space in the room. The stove was equipped with a special lounger, so people slept right on it. In a very simplified way, the design of a Russian stove can be imagined as a large combustion chamber with a chimney.
For quite a long time, the construction of the hut began precisely with the folding of the stove, around which the walls were then erected. The dimensions of a particular stove depended on the size of the house to be built. Sometimes (for example, in the prince's mansion) the Russian stove is not just big, but huge.
Nowadays, wood-burning stoves are also used, although not as widely as in previous centuries. They almost never cook food on them, but they are widely used for heating rooms, for example:
Pompeian stove
And this type of stove is still actively used, since the Pompeian stove has come down to us practically unchanged from ancient Rome. Now these ovens are called "Italian" and are widely used for making pizza.
These furnaces are made of traditional refractory bricks (fired clay), which can withstand heating up to 1250C. The main design feature is a spherical vault that circulates heated air.
Kamado - Japanese oven
Stoves of this type began to appear in Japan around the 3rd-6th centuries, during the Kofun period, but in rural areas they are still used today. Structurally, it represents two, connected hemispheres of clay, where holes are made for loading firewood and a burner on top, on which boilers are placed. The stove is installed directly at the front door on the ground. Since in the interior of Japanese houses the floor (made of wood) is slightly higher, the stove heats the entire living space.
Hangi stove - Polynesmian earthen.
The islands of Oceania are characterized by a warm climate, so aboriginal dwellings do not need heating. The hangi oven is not so much a product as a kind of cooking technology that can be implemented almost anywhere. Semi-finished products are wrapped in palm leaves, covered with a thick layer of grass, small branches and, again, leaves and covered with earth. Then a fire is kindled from above. After 3-4 hours, the cooked food is scooped up.
And a couple of records
It is impossible to imagine a hut in a Russian village without a Russian stove, which, without exaggeration, can be called the soul of any Russian home. Cooking, heating the hut, washing, starting a wash, sleeping in a heating house, leaving warm cabbage soup until the morning - all this is a Russian stove, which not only became part of sayings and fairy tales, but also remains in demand to this day.
Ask any foreigner about Russia, and the first thing he will say is that it is very cold here. And this is not surprising, the Russian climate is known all over the world for its steep character: Russians are cold, Russian winter, General Moroz, two friends met in Russia - frost and blizzard, and other snow stereotypes have a very real basis.
Our popular response to the harsh climate has become a multifunctional and efficient Russian stove, which is large, even monstrous by the standards of other countries, but also provides the house with warmth in the most severe cold weather.
A Russian stove should be large and heat-intensive, keep warm for a long time and have easy access, both for laying firewood and for cooking. To ensure even heating of the entire house, the stove was usually located in the center of the house, and the pipe came out from the center of the roof. The size of the stove is large enough; a special bed is even arranged on it, on which it is always warm. A Russian stove with a stove bench is an image that is constantly found in paintings and in descriptions of old Russian huts and houses!
The history of the appearance of the Russian stove
Until the 13th century, huts in Russia were smoked, that is, without a chimney. They were heated using a poultry stove, without removing smoke, that is, they were heated in black. The smoke went out into the street just through the door, and settled in a thick layer of soot on the ceiling. Russian expressions: smoke in a pillar, smoke in a rocker - comes from the time when the shape of the smoke coming from the doors of Russian huts was used to judge the coming weather.
After the 13th century, to bring smoke out into the street, chimney stoves were supplemented with small windows above them in the wall, and a little later with a hole in the roof, which was called a chimney, they began to make wooden chimneys - hogs.
Only by the 18th century, when refractory bricks became widespread, did Russian stoves acquire pipes, and gradually acquired the form that is now known. And the Russian hut has finally acquired its classic appearance - white, of six walls (square, divided inside into four rooms by two walls intersecting with a cross). Thus, we can assume that the exact time of the appearance of the classic Russian stove is the beginning of the 18th century. But even up to the XX century there were chimney stoves in Russia!
The device of the Russian stove
The Russian stove is a massive structure, it usually had about one and a half meters in width, up to two in height, and a little more than two in length. The main function of the oven is to keep heat as long as possible; for this, the cooking chamber is located in the depth of the oven and has a damper between the chamber and the mouth. Also, the Russian stove has several smoke dampers.
In the Russian stove, an additional wood stove could be installed for cooking on it. Also, there are often niches for dishes and utensils, and there is also a bed (bed).
Structurally, the following elements are distinguished in the Russian stove:
- opechek - a wooden frame at the base of the stove;
- array - the actual brick mass of the furnace;
- the crucible is the main element of the furnace in which the fuel itself burns (otherwise it is called the firebox);
- under or underneath - the bottom of the furnace. Firewood is stacked on it; also, food is often prepared right on the hearth (hearth bread, and not only);
- vault - the upper part of the furnace, which rises with a vault. A large heat-absorbing mass of brick or other material is usually laid above the vault. In extreme cases, it can be a layered structure of clay and special filling;
- cheeks - the front wall of the furnace, in which there is a hole (mouth);
- mouth - a hole through which firewood or other fuel is placed in the underside or dishes are installed. The estuary is usually lower than the height of the vault. Above the opening of the mouth, a so-called sill is installed - the upper wall, which prevents gases and heated air from escaping;
- pole - a special platform in front of the mouth. Dishes are usually placed on it, which have just been removed from the mouth or, conversely, are only going to be put there. Serves as an auxiliary table for food preparation. The six could also be used as a separate stove for cooking (say, in a warm season, when there was no need to heat the whole stove);
- sub-six - unheated niche under the six. Usually serves for storing dishes;
- stoves are niches in the massive masonry of the stove. Increases furnace surface area and heat transfer efficiency. Also used to store herbs, mushrooms or utensils;
- baking (baking) - a large cavity under the hearth, inside the baking. Firewood was usually stored there for the next furnaces, and pets sometimes slept there (a cat under the stove is a classic Russian image of comfort);
- overlap - the top layer of bricks, which was usually located above the backfill or solid mass. It was there that the bed was usually made;
- hailo - a device for forced release of smoke into the chimney, it is necessary for stoves, above the pole of which there is a hood that catches flue gases.
Accessories for the Russian stove
Just as a poet in Russia is more than a poet, so the Russian stove is more than just a stove. In addition to the actual elements of the furnace, there are also devices for working with it:
- poker - for better stacking of firewood in the fire, mixing coals, cleaning the stove;
- oven scoop - for cleaning the oven from ash;
- grip or stag - put and remove cast iron from the furnace;
- chapelnik - for moving chapels;
- pans and chapels (pans without a handle);
- gardener - a wooden shovel for planting and taking out bread and pastries from the oven;
- cast irons - cast iron, less often aluminum, fire-resistant dishes;
- stove pots - cast iron or aluminum for cooking and stewing;
- pots - pottery for heating water;
- krynki (krynka) - to heat milk;
- ducklings (gosyatnitsy) - stew meat, vegetables, poultry;
- baking sheet or pans - for frying or baking, analog of a frying pan;
- pomelo - sweep under before planting bread on it;
- ometalochka - sweep a pole from ash and soot;
- and other necessary tools
Sometimes they did without utensils at all - for example, for making hearth bread, which was baked right on the surface of the hearth after the firebox.
How to heat the Russian stove
The Russian stove is heated:
- firewood from such tree species that give a good heat;
- charcoal;
- wood waste - wood chips, bark;
- dung, peat.
Basically, firewood and coal are used for the Russian stove. In order for the stove to be hot, but at the same time the fuel consumption was not great, it is better to use firewood of such tree species that slowly burn out, hold the heat for a long time and well. Suitable for this firewood from trees:
- birch families - birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam, etc .;
- pine family - pine, spruce, cedar, larch and others;
- fruit - apple, pear, cherry.
In order for them to burn out at the same time and give good coals, they try to chop and select the same size, without large knots. At the same time, so that the coals are uniform, they no longer put firewood, but try to heat the stove with one batch of firewood, keeping the heat from the coals as long as possible. To melt the Russian stove, firewood is laid with a well, and on top of a hut, chips for kindling.
Functions of the Russian stove
The Russian stove is multifunctional. It was used for a variety of needs, from heating and cooking, to sleeping on it and even washing. And also for various other things that are necessary in the household, such as: drying berries and mushrooms on it, washing, heating the samovar, using its warm niches to heat linen, dishes, clothes, and so on.
Heating the hut
The main functions of the stove are to heat the room. In the cold Russian winter, to keep warm in the house means to overwinter and survive, therefore the stove is always the main attribute of any Russian house.
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The Russian stove always stands almost in the center of the house in order to heat all its corners evenly. Any house loses heat through doors, windows, floors, ceilings, so the location of the stove in the center of the house allows it to be heated best.
Cooking food
Dishes cooked in a Russian oven differ from modern dishes in that they were cooked in a cooling heat, which created a constant effect of languishing products, whereas now it is customary to cook over an open fire, which gives a constant increase in temperature. With the old method of cooking, the beneficial properties, qualities, vitamins of the original products were better preserved from heat treatment, which of course affects the taste of the final dish.
Why heat a bath, if you can wash in the stove?
Especially large stoves were used, including for washing: after kindling, they cleaned the underneath, carefully sweeping the ashes and lined with straw, put cast iron with water inside, after which the stove could be used as a kind of mini-bath.
The adults washed themselves, often one at a time, and the children and the elderly were brought inside on a wooden shovel.
They washed themselves with lye, and used ash or an egg to wash their hair. They served steam, pouring water over the hot walls of the stove. Russian people liked to wash in the stove, they heated the bathhouse, only for a large company.
That is why the proposal "to steam in the oven", which sounds suspicious and even wild for a modern person, sounded completely normal in the context of old Russian times.
For example, the animated stove in the fairy tale "Geese-Swans" suggested that Alyonushka hide in the stove mouth, which has nothing to do with the modern "ftopka!" did not, on the contrary, it was a familiar thing for the heroine Alyonushka.
Polati
Another function of the stove is to use it for sleeping. Polati are raised shelves for sleeping, usually located between the wall of the house and the stove, or between the corner of two walls and the stove. Heating the beds is also the task of the oven.
The culinary Russian oven, where cooking has been worked out for centuries, is still unique. Modern kitchen stoves, ovens, microwaves and steamers already give a completely different effect.
Russian stove in the XX and XXI centuries
In the 1920s, engineer Joseph Podgorodnikov from Mogilev, a specialist in metallurgical furnaces, proposed a new design for a Russian furnace - the so-called teplushka, in the design of which the movement of gases is more accurately calculated. The Russian teplushka oven provided uniform heating from floor to ceiling.
Such furnaces remained relevant for a long time, Podgorodnikov worked on them until the 50s of the XX century.
An indispensable element of such furnaces is a blower, which ensures the flow of air from below. It is located under the pole and the crucible, connecting with it through a special grate. This not only provides better convection, but also makes it easier to clean the oven from coals and ash. Also, in such furnaces, a water-heating box is sometimes installed, it is also located under the crucible.
Such a Russian teplushka stove in the house could stand for decades. Many residents of villages, villages and the urban private sector do not give up heating plants even after installing modern heating.
Nowadays, the Russian stove is not so often used for its intended purpose, as as an element of the interior.
In many mansions and dachas there are Russian stoves, which, being fully functional in fact, do not carry the task of heating or cooking food, their task is to create an entourage. Especially great importance is attached to design, so that the decorative stove looks exactly like the Russian stove in fairy tales.
But it is nevertheless remarkable that having lost some of the important tasks, the Russian stove gains new ones, remaining relevant in our days.
The largest oven in the world, with its external appearance and internal structure, represents a 4 times enlarged model of the Russian Stove - a collective image that allows you to visit the inside of the oven and study its internal structure. Its height is 11 m, the perimeter is 6x9 m.
Despite the fact that Russian stoves in different places were distinguished by an extraordinary variety of shapes, they were based on a single principle of the device. The concept of a stove includes not only a building for heating and cooking, made of bricks or broken from clay, but also an ensemble of all kinds of partitions, shelves, benches, golbtsov, side benches and ladders. 
The Museum of the Russian Stove was opened in December 2007 in the Moscow region. A gigantic pseudo-stove, which is actually a museum, was erected in the Russian sector of the Ethnomir ethnic village - next to wooden Russian huts and a modest monument to the Little Prince (he did not seem to understand how he found himself in such an unexpected environment). 
The first floor is a "stove" (storage space for stove utensils). There is a varied exposition of various rural culinary devices.
Climbing to the second floor, we find ourselves on the "six" - a flat platform in front of the "crucible" of the furnace, above which the chimney is located. Having passed the rectangular entrance ("mouth"), we found ourselves in the very heart of the furnace - the vaulted "crucible" (cooking chamber). The lights go out, the video projector is turned on, and a fire is ignited on the brickwork of the furnace. A mesmerizing sight: visitors to the museum - in the crucible of the vaulted furnace. When the light turns on again, you can view the only exhibit on the second floor - a tiled stove, such as were installed in wealthy Russian houses.
The third floor is a couch. Emelya's favorite resting place in this case has been turned into an observation deck from which almost the entire Ethnomir is visible. 
The whole life of the Slavic people is inextricably linked with the Russian stove. The oven was used for cooking food, baking bread and cakes, drying grains, fish, berries, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, herbs and roots. She treated all colds, successfully replaced the steam bath, played the role of a home weather station. The Russian stove contributed to the emergence and development of many folk crafts. The Russian stove had a significant impact on the rituals of the Russian people. 
Around the "oven" - ten Russian huts. Volga, Arkhangelsk, Siberian, Kuban - each imitates (and not always exactly) wooden buildings of a certain region of Russia. 
Based on materials from sources. Museum Ethnomir.
The whole life of the Slavic people is inextricably linked with the Russian stove. The oven was used for cooking food, baking bread and cakes, drying grains, fish, berries, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, herbs and roots.
She treated all colds, successfully replaced the steam bath, played the role of a home weather station.
The Russian stove contributed to the emergence and development of many folk crafts. She had a significant impact on the traditions and rituals of the Russian people.
Despite the fact that Russian stoves in different parts of Russia were distinguished by an extraordinary variety of shapes, they were based on a single device principle. The concept of a stove includes not only a building for heating and cooking, made of bricks or broken from clay, but also an ensemble of all kinds of partitions, shelves, benches, cabbage rolls, side beds and ladders.
"Museum of the Russian Stove" - a complex exposition. It is formed by the building of the world's largest Russian stove and nine huts from different regions of the European part of Russia.
In its planning, the architectural ensemble recreates the structure of ancient Slavic settlements, when residential buildings surrounded the central square.
The largest Russian stove in the world with its external appearance and internal structure is a 4 times enlarged model of the Russian stove - a collective image that allows you to visit the inside of the stove and study its internal structure. Since the spring of 2014, pies and breads have been baked in the oven building.
The main expositions of the Museum are located in huts - these are stoves of various structures, shapes, designs, and household items of the 19-20 centuries, and an exhibition of irons, and a collection of traditional Russian patchwork dolls, and various wooden toys ...
Various expositions in the huts allow not only to get acquainted with the Russian stove, but also to plunge into the world of the Slavs. In different parts of Russia, Russian stoves were distinguished by an extraordinary variety of shapes. It is the location of the stoves in the huts that underlies the classification of dwellings.
The exposition of the Museum of the Russian Stove includes:
- house of the south-western plan - Kuban hut;
- house of the southeastern plan - a hut in the south of the Chernozem region. The house has opened the "Beekeeper's House" - an exhibition and sale of honey and honey products. In addition, next to the hut there is a forge, where guests can, with the help of a blacksmith, forge a nail or a horseshoe and get acquainted with the ancient craft;
- house of the western plan. In the house there are excursions "Games and fun", "The child grows not from food, but from joy";
- north house. Here is the Museum of Samovars, the exhibition "Mikhail Lomonosov", as well as craft master classes;
- Vologda hut - a traditional hut of the northern-central Russian plan. There are guided tours, "The stove feeds, warms, heals", "Like an oil week", "We have a merchant, you have a product ...", "House - the Universe";
- Kostroma hut is a traditional hut of the Northern-Central Russian plan. The workshop "The Magic of Slavic Dolls" is located here, master classes on patchwork dolls are held;
- traditional five-walled. There is a gingerbread workshop in the hut, there are master classes on painting gingerbread;
- Ural hut. There are excursions "Games and Fun", thematic excursions "Museum of the Sun", "Once in the Epiphany evening", "As in Shrove Week";
- Volga House - excursions