Such previously popular and gradually forgotten material for roofing, like shingles, was found in central and northern regions. It was made from aspen, due to the widespread availability of the material. This coating served for decades. It was used on peasant houses and wooden churches. Today, the old fashion is gradually returning, but due to the lack of specialists capable of producing shingles, the material is expensive and is considered elite. If you like its appearance, but do not have enough funds, then you can consider the alternative offered by the modern construction market - imitation shingles. It will cost much less. Or you can try to make and lay a shingle roof with your own hands.
Among the advantages of shingles as a roofing material are the following::
- It is resistant to temperature changes and high humidity.
- Thanks to the installation method, a ventilated space remains, which prevents the formation of condensation.
- Environmental friendliness. Along with the naturalness of the material, one can also note the non-chemical nature of its production.
- No painting required. To change the color, special impregnations are used, which are not only capable of giving the required shade, but also extend the service life.
- The shingles prevent the roof from freezing or overheating. The coating allows the building to “breathe”.
- The material is not subject to rotting and destruction due to the presence of resins in the wood, as well as the density and high saturation of tannins.
- Noise insulation, which is provided by the relief structure of the plates.
- Waterproof due to grooves that are formed during the splitting of fibers.
- Aesthetics. The appearance of such roofing can only become more interesting over time.
- Durability - provided proper installation.
Manufacturing methods
Shingles are thin slices of wood. Their average thickness is 3-8 mm. with a width of 8-16 cm and a length of 35-45 cm. Traditionally, shingles were made from pine. You can also choose spruce or larch as a material. Trees with a small diameter are suitable for making the material.. An important condition is the presence of smooth trunks suitable for sawing logs without knots. In this case, their length should be within 40-45 cm. The core on chocks is excluded due to the high risk of cracking. This can be done by splitting the log in half or into 4 parts, after which the core is cut out. The remaining part must be split into thin plates - this will be the shingles. The material can be harvested at any time of the year, except winter. Before starting work, do not forget to remove the bark.
Bark left on parts will lead to premature rotting of the roofing material.
Industrial production of shingles also exists. Its principle is to cut the log into logs of double length. Afterwards, timber is prepared with a width corresponding to the future shingles. Final stage— sawing timber into final material. But its disadvantage is its long length - about 80 centimeters. Therefore, the use of such shingles is possible only on a roof with a large area. For small roofs, you will need to cut it before starting work, thereby reducing its service life. Split shingles will last longer due to natural splitting and preservation of fibers. In order not to lose the integrity of the material, for its manufacture it is necessary to use the old fashioned way splitting. It involves the use of a special plow - a knife with two handles. Please note that this type of work is overly meditative. And to prepare material for the roof large area may take a long time. But there is a solution - the mahalo machine. This the simplest tool, which will help in the production of shingles.
In 1939, Soviet inventor V.N. Glazunov. received a patent for a machine for producing shingles industrially.
Do-it-yourself antique mahalo machine
Antique mahalo machine Instructions for making a machine yourself:
- To work, you will need a log with a length of three to four meters and a diameter of 12-16 cm. You need to drill a hole in it with a diameter of 3 mm. It is done at a distance of 20 cm from the end.
- It is necessary to insert a metal pin into the hole made and provide it with freedom of movement. Its length should be chosen in such a way as to ensure that the log is fastened to a wooden block.
- From the side of the end on which the hole is made, the knife is fastened. This should be done at a distance of one meter from the edge. The knife acts as a bracket, the length of which should be 60 cm. It is installed at an angle so that it is possible to remove shingles of the required thickness from the chock.
- A 40 cm long handle is knocked off the back side of the log. It will help move the log while working.
- It is important for comfortable work to ensure the correct length and width of the wooden block. These parameters must be selected in such a way that, provided that the block of wood is laid under the shingles, the “mahalo” will not be pulled out of place.
Do not work with dry wood. Before work, the material must be soaked or boiled in boiling water for 30 minutes. Suitable for this iron barrel. Boiling is used for coniferous wood. All work is completed within 24 hours.
Laying shingles
Some requirements for the roof for such roofing material:
- Slope. It should not be less than 15 degrees.
- Lathing. It is better to use a solid one or one with a pitch of no more than 10 cm. Due to the light weight of wooden planks, bars with a cross-section of 5x5 cm, as well as poles with a diameter of 6 to 7 cm, are suitable as materials.
- It is produced in several layers. Their number varies from one to five. If there are two layers, the plates are laid overlapping by half. If there are three layers, then by 2/3, for four layers - 3/4, and for five layers the overlap is 4/5 of the previous shingles.
A two-layer coating is used on non-residential buildings, but three to five layers are suitable for residential buildings.
- The waterproofing layer can be laid in the form of roofing felt. It is placed on the crate. But on ancient traditions, this stage of work can be eliminated so as not to interfere roofing“breathe” and avoid the formation of rot.
- Installation of shingles begins from below, from the eaves overhang, heading towards the ridge.
- The roof outlets must be additionally covered with boards 35-40 cm wide, and the number of layers of shingles must be increased by one relative to the entire roof.
- To fasten the material, special shingled nails are used, having a length of 4 to 6 cm. Before starting work, they must be boiled in drying oil.
- If shingles are produced by a splitting process, this shapes the slab in a special way. When it is bent, the fibers are raised, which are called “pins”. When laying the first row, they must be positioned so that the resulting “pins” are located on top. For the remaining rows they are turned to inner side roofing covering.
- If there are valleys, the work process becomes more complicated. It will be necessary to lay an additional layer of shingles, as well as install auxiliary sheathing strips.
Modern imitation
In the modern construction market you can find amazing variety roofing materials designed to imitate shingles. Thanks to advancing technologies, they produce, for example, copper shingles. It is worth noting that such material is not very similar to its ancestor. Copper plates are made of diamonds, squares or “fish scales” different sizes thickness less than 1 mm. They have “ears” designed for fastening to the sheathing. They are similar in cost to handcrafted wood plates. Although among the advantages we should note fire resistance, ease of installation, and a variety of colors. But the disadvantages can be noise and low environmental friendliness.
American manufacturers have a special collection of bitumen shingles made to look like shingles. Along with this, you can find polymer imitations made from PVC, resins, and mineral additives. They are most similar to their historical counterpart in color, size and shape.
Roofing shingles price
By type, shingles are divided into chipped and sawn. The first one will cost more.
Pricing Options:
- plate thickness and length;
- raw materials used - valuable wood species can significantly affect the cost;
- degree of processing and impregnation.
Average price per 1 sq.m. will be from 2.5 to 3 thousand rubles.
But you can always try to make shingles with your own hands - however, this will require some experience and tools. On the other hand, such a roof will certainly please the eye and surprise those around you.
learning a craft
L. Zubarev
The shingles can be planed and chipped. Plane shingles from aspen or linden square logs with a length of 25...30 cm and a cross-section of 10×15...20 cm. The logs are fixed on a flooring raised 1 m from the ground, and a rotating one is installed there long lever from a pole, at the end of which a special knife is attached. This device is used to plan shingles 0.5 cm thick. Of course, one arm of the lever where the knife is located is shorter than the other.
The roof is covered with shingles over a continuous sheathing in several layers, overlapping the shingles of each layer (like fish scales).
Chopped shingles are made exclusively from pine, and the wood from the blanks must
The elk makes up the bulk of the wood of the trunk. If there is no common pine, and it is rare even in the taiga, shingles are made from ordinary pine, with a diameter of 40...50 cm or more. It’s not scary if the core of the pine is slightly rotten, since only the outer part of the log is used.
The log is cut into logs 1.2 m long (slate length), split with an ax and wedges along the radius, that is, from the edges to the center (the size of the split logs along the wide edge is 15...20 cm).
To obtain chopped shingles, you need a special knife, which is usually made from springs. The length of such a knife is 45 cm, width 6...8 cm, thickness 3...4 mm. At one end of the knife, a sleeve is provided (welded or bent from the same strip) (Fig. for wooden handle(handle diameter 4...5 cm, length 50...60 cm).
They chop shingles like this: they place the chock on the butt and, from
Puc. 1. Knife for chipped shingles
Rice. 2. Fastening the shingles with nails (1) and wire (2)
be straight-grained and without branches (the butt part of the tree is best suited).
A basket made of pine is irreplaceable in everyday life.
Note that the highest quality shingles come from pine. This pine tree in the forest is distinguished from others by its smooth, light yellow bark. Condo pine wood is fine-grained and resinous. Sapwood - the outer less dense layer of wood lying directly under the bark - is quite narrow, its thickness is 1.5...2 cm. In ordinary pine, the sapwood
Shingles or shingles are one of the original types roofs. This is a rare, elite and expensive material. As it turned out, it is difficult to find a roofer-drawer. Therefore, I will share personal experience extracting shingles with your own hands.
Tools
To make shingles you will need good tool. At one time, I did not find a suitable tool in the store.
Find a common language with nature
I had to make it myself.
Main fixture
Through trial and error, studying a bunch of specialist forums and watching a ton of videos, I made three knives of different sizes.
I made a small one, 20 cm long, from a piece of metal and sharpened it to lathe. It will be needed to remove small knots and bark.
I made a medium sized knife from car springs. Its length is 35 cm. This is the main tool in the manufacture of shingles. I used it most often. However, he could not withstand the load. Since the design of the spring involves holes, plus the length of the cutter played a negative role.
For a large knife, I used a piece of hardened metal 12mm thick, 50cm long, 10cm wide.
The sharpening angle is the secret of our great-grandfathers
The most convenient sharpening angle is 30°. With such a tip it is easy to split aspen, oak, spruce, pine and poplar. I would recommend sharpening on one side. The word shingles itself comes from tearing, tearing off. And with sharp tools, sharpened on both sides, you will prick or cut it.
Percussion instrument
I don't use a metal sledgehammer or hammer for percussion. Because with constant impacts, the surface breaks and the knife loses its plane. And this is not convenient when making shingles. I recommend using a wooden mallet.
Choosing material
To make good shingles, you need the right approach to choosing wood. Pay attention to the butt and trunk of the tree. There should be no large knots, depressions or damage on the surface. The trunk should be smooth, not rotten, and the structure should be close to ideal.
The end or inner part of the barrel must also be free of defects.
Shingles manufacturing process
Here it is worth saying that I extracted shingles of the following sizes: length 35 cm, width 5 cm, thickness 1 cm. And now I will describe the process in detail.
Step 1 - preparation
The first thing to do is to split the round timber. It is easier to do this not from the end, but from the side. I take an ax and begin to gradually hammer it with a wooden mallet.
I learned this method from Siberian hunters who go to the taiga for the winter and make skis from pine or spruce.
Having split the log into two parts, I examine it inside. There should be no defects, large resin ducts, or bark beetles. The structure should be smooth.
Then, I split one of the halves of the log into two more equal parts.
Step 2 - production
Let's move on to making the records themselves. I take a large cutter and a wooden mallet. Smoothly tapping the knife, first on one side, then on the other, I tear off the plate. Thickness no more than 8 - 12 mm. You need to hit not just vertically downwards, but slightly towards yourself. In order not to cut but to tear off. When extracting shingles, it is important to place the bark butt down. This way the blade will move along the growth line of the fibers. The shingles will be smooth and not rough.
Step 3 - Sanding
When making shingles it is impossible to achieve smooth and flat surface records. For a better fit, I use a two-handed knife, it’s called a struk. I place the plate with the butt side down and begin to trim off all the excess. I use it to remove the bark.
And for best stock water, I chamfer at an angle of 45° from the top of the plate.
Laying shingles
When laying shingles, there is a rule - the butt should point down. The way we made it is how we lay it. If you lay the plates backwards, water and snow will be retained and the roof will leak.
Methods for laying shingles
The first method is overlap laying. The plates are placed on top of each other, approximately one third. This method is the simplest and easiest.
Second way - multi-layer installation. The first layer is laid evenly. The distance between the dies in one row is 3-5 mm.
The next layer overlaps the joints of the first row. And so on. Four or five layers are laid in this way. This method can be used to make the roof of a house, terrace, veranda.
When making shingles for the first time, you need to be patient. However, having gained experience, you will be able to make an unusual and environmentally friendly roofing option with your own hands.
Scientists believe that man learned to weave much earlier than pottery. From long flexible branches of varying thickness he wove dwellings and outbuildings, fences, furniture, sleigh and cart bodies, as well as baskets that had a wide variety of purposes.
Basket is the all-Russian name for a container, which in each region had its own characteristics in manufacture and appearance.
Without baskets, these universal wicker vessels, it is difficult to imagine the life of a Russian peasant. In the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. wickerwork was widespread. These baskets, varied in shape and purpose, are containers with one or two handles for collecting berries, mushrooms, vegetables, nuts, carrying and storing various supplies, as well as household items.
Weaving baskets from pine chips
They were indispensable for harvesting and storing food. Women carried baskets to the river to rinse clothes. There were also baskets with which they went on a long journey.
Baskets were made from bark, roots, branches, straw, and stems. They could be rectangular, square, oval, hemispherical, with an open top and closed, with lids various designs or without lids. Almost every villager could, if necessary, weave a basket needed on the farm using simple weaving techniques. Individual craftsmen wove baskets for every taste and not only for themselves, but also for sale. Depending on their purpose, they were given a wide variety of shapes and decorated with woven patterns made from painted rods. Various weaving techniques, passed down from generation to generation, gradually improved, becoming more rational.
Handicraft basket fishing was widespread in different areas of Russia. Weaving baskets from pine splinters (shingles) in the Olonets province is a very common activity in all districts of the province. Peasants of Kargopol and surrounding villages were engaged in weaving baskets from splinters.
The basket craft attracted peasants more than all other crafts due to its universal accessibility. Almost exclusively men worked; women engaged in basket weaving only in isolated cases. In a peasant family, basket weaving was mainly a subsidiary occupation. Even the previously mentioned small number of artisans in the entire Olonets province (55 people), who specialized in basket weaving, could not develop their business due to low prices for products and due to lack of time: doing only weaving baskets for sale, they would not be able to feed their family.
Peasants usually engaged in basket weaving in winter. There were no special workshops; they usually worked in the house.
A brief description of the technology for making wicker baskets is given in the statistical collection “Handicrafts and handicraft earnings of peasants of the Olonets province”: “... for a product made from shingles you need great skill in choosing a tree, and then sawing it so that there is no core left. For a successful business, chopped planted pieces of wood are placed in the oven “to soften”, after a day they are already perfectly split with a knife, and they are in a hurry to use the material, because It’s easier to make baskets from “paired” material.”
Thus, in the economic life of the peasants of the Olonets province, the manufacture of wicker baskets from pine splinters (shingles) as a type of traditional economic activity played an important role. Baskets were used everywhere in the life of peasants; not a single peasant family could do without them. For many families, mastering this craft brought additional income.
The word wood chips
The word chips in English letters (translit) - shchepa
The word chips consists of 4 letters: a e p sch
Meanings of the word chips. What is wood chips?
Woodchips. Shredded wood established sizes, obtained as a result of grinding wood raw materials with chippers and special devices, used as technological raw materials or fuel See all terms GOST 17462-84.
Dictionary of GOST vocabulary
Chips are particles of wood obtained in the process of grinding short-length raw materials or scraps of lumber. There are technological and fuel chips.
Chips are crushed wood of established sizes, obtained as a result of processing wood raw materials with chippers and special devices, used as technological raw materials or fuel.
Dictionary of basic forestry and economic terms
Wood chips for smoking
Chips for smoking are wood particles of regular rectangular shape, obtained in the process of grinding wood raw materials with a chipper and representing a smoking material used in smoldering smoke generators...
en.wikipedia.org
Chips, technological
Chips, technological. Process chips Chips for pulp production, wood boards and products of wood chemical and hydrolysis industries See all terms GOST 17462-84.
Dictionary of GOST vocabulary
Shchepa, Alexander Fedorovich
Shchepa, Alexander Fedorovich - appanage prince of Rostov, ancestor of the Shchepin-Rostov princes, according to some instructions - the son of Prince Fyodor Alexandrovich, according to others - Prince Fyodor Andreevich...
Alexander Fedorovich Shchepa
Alexander Fedorovich Shchepa (d. 1442) - Pskov governor (1410-1412, 1421-1424, 1429-1434), by origin a Rostov prince, the ancestor of the Shchepin-Rostov princes.
en.wikipedia.org
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Shchepy
Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Shchepy, Nikoloshchepovskaya Church - Orthodox church in the center of Moscow, in the Arbat district, on the corner of the First Smolensky and Second Nikoloshchepovsky lanes...
en.wikipedia.org
Pozharsky, Prince Peter Timofeevich Shchepa
Pozharsky, Prince Pyotr Timofeevich Shchepa - son of Prince. Timofey Feodorovich; in 1597-1599
Do It Yourself (Ogonyok) 1994-06, page 80
was all over Moscow, successively: in China Town, in the New Tsar's Town, from the Neglinnaya River to Moscow, and in the Kremlin; in 1600 - governor in Urzhum.
Big biographical encyclopedia. — 2009
Russian language
Morphemic-spelling dictionary. - 2002
Chip, -y, plural. wood chips, wood chips, wood chips.
Orthographic dictionary. - 2004
Examples of using the word chips
Today, types of products such as bioplastics, wood chips, granules and other biofuels are gaining popularity.
Manufacturing and installation of shingle roofing
Shingles are called thin wooden plates, which are used for roofing, as well as for facade cladding. The raw material for the manufacture of shingles is coniferous wood:
- pine trees,
- cedar,
- aspen wood.
A type of roof made of shingles can be called differently:
- shingle,
- shingles,
- shindel,
- shingalas.
They differ only in the technology of manufacturing and installation. To this day, shingles are made almost by hand.
Depending on the manufacturing method and the resulting shape, shingles are distinguished:
- stabbing,
- sawn,
- mosaic
Thanks to the application special impregnations for wood, shingles can be given almost any shade (or, using a colorless composition, its original appearance can be preserved). In addition, such impregnations significantly extend the service life of these wooden products.
Installation of shingles
When installing a roof, shingles are installed with a slope of at least 12%. The result should be multi-layer construction, in which there are from four to eight layers of wooden shingles.
Let's talk about the process of manufacturing and installing spruce shingles.
To make spruce shingles, you will need spruce round timber. When calculating the number of round timber, it is necessary to take into account the quality of the material, the dimensions of the roof and the number of roofing layers.
First, the logs are prepared. To do this, the round timber, which has no knots, is sawn into pieces 40 cm long. The sawn logs are placed in the boiler ( metal barrel) and cook for about half an hour - this allows the wood to steam out a little. After this, the log is placed vertically and with the help of a plow they begin to peel the shingles.
The thickness of the peeled shingles should be no more than 1 cm. Then the still wet shingles are stacked. It is necessary to provide a spacer between the layers. After the shingles have dried a little, they can be laid on the roof. It is advisable to first remove the bark (sand) from the sides of the shingles.
Actually, you don’t have to cook the logs. Then all the cut logs must be immediately painted over at the ends with a thick oil paint– this will prevent cracking of the wood.
How and with what to make shingles yourself?
After this, the logs are placed to dry (also with gaskets) indoors or under a canopy.
Roofing
So, when the shingles have been cut, you can start roofing work. First you need to complete a continuous sheathing. It is advisable to cover the finished sheathing with roofing felt, and only then take on the shingles. The laying is done in an overlapping layer or with a butt joint, and fixed with shingles nails (60 mm x 1 mm). You should start covering the roof from the bottom edge, while the top shingles should overlap the end and side joints by 5 cm.
When fastening the two or three lower layers, one nail is driven into each of the shingles, and two nails must be driven into the shingles of the topmost layer. The optimal dimensions of the shingles are as follows: 40 x 8 x 0.7 cm. The roof ridge is covered with boards.
Wood has a number of features that make shingle roofing unique in its properties. Let's list these features:
- Aspen shingles are “preserved” when exposed to open air for a long time. Due to this, aspen is recommended for arranging bathhouses and other rooms exposed to high humidity.
- When pine shingles are used, the resin released from its pores seals the microscopic cracks of the roof.
- Shingled roofing does not require additional waterproofing.
Articles about roofs in country houses
Baskets woven from pine shingles (shingles)
Wood shingles |
Answer: SHINGLES
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- strips for lathing walls before plastering
- wood shingles
- wood shingles
- slats for lathing walls for plaster
- thin wooden plates
- thin wooden plates
- roofing board
- roofing board
- plank for plaster walls
- plank for plaster walls
- Building material, wooden planks (planks) for upholstery of walls and ceilings
- cladding strip
- cladding strip
- thinly chopped plates of aspen, pine
- slats for walls under plaster
- slats for walls under plaster
- thin wood chips
- thin wood chips
- Thin wooden plates for upholstery of walls and ceilings under plaster and for roofing
- slats for plaster
- slats for plaster
- thin (3-5 mm) wooden planks (planks) for upholstery of walls and ceilings
- thin slabs of wood
- thin slabs of wood
- thinner than shingles
- thinner than shingles
- and for lathing walls under plaster
- roofing strip
- roofing strip
- thin wooden strip for covering roofs
- thin wooden strip for covering roofs
- roofing boards
- roofing boards
- thin plank
- thin plank
- "skeleton" for plaster
- "skeleton" for plaster
- plaster
- plaster
- thin wooden strip for lathing under plaster
- thin wooden slats
- thin wooden slats
- wooden plank
- wooden plank
- roofing chips
- roofing chips
- thin wooden plank
- thin wooden plank
- river in Kamchatka
- river in Kamchatka
- wood for sheathing
- wood for sheathing
- plaster die
- plaster die
Until relatively recently, shingles were used almost everywhere during construction and renovation of the house. Today, it is successfully replaced by many modern building materials.
But, nevertheless, you may still need to know how shingles are made with your own hands, what material it is preferable to make it from and where to use it.
DIY shingles
To make shingles with your own hands, the following are mainly used: conifers woods such as: spruce and pine. Much less often, shingles are made from cedar and aspen.
Depending on the manufacturing method, shingles can be:
- Chopped;
- Sawed;
- Mosaic.
The shingles are made manually or using a special machine, which greatly facilitates the entire process of its production. It is mandatory to use shingles during its manufacture to protect the shingles from damage during operation and to increase its fire safety.
Do-it-yourself shingles from pine or spruce are made as follows:
- Initially, wood is harvested, preferably without knots. For this purpose, logs without bark are sawn into logs 40 centimeters long.
- Next, you need to put the logs in a large metal cauldron and boil them for half an hour. at home, allows you to give the material greater strength and resistance to the development of fungi and mold.
- Then, to make shingles with your own hands, you will need a tool such as a plow, which is used to peel shingles no more than 1 centimeter thick.
- The peeled shingles, since they are still wet, must be dried before use. To do this, the shingles are laid in small stacks and dried in this position for several days, or even more, at a not too high temperature.
You should know that when making shingles with your own hands, you can do without boiling the wood. But before making shingles in this way, it is recommended to paint the ends of the prepared material with paint and put it to dry indoors.
When the shingles are ready with your own hands, they can be used for roofing. Before installing the shingles, a continuous sheathing covered with roofing felt or other waterproofing material is assembled.
Next, shingles are laid on the roof prepared in this way, either joint to joint or overlapping each other. You need to nail the shingles to the roof with special shingles nails, and install the shingles with your own hands from the bottom up.
Shingles are still used for shingle roofing and are popular among those who want to live in environmentally friendly wooden houses. Shingle roofs are made from shingles and are in no way inferior in durability and reliability to tile roofs.
Do-it-yourself shingles made in a certain way are valued.
For this, logs with a diameter of 20-25 cm are used. hard rocks such as larch, oak, ash... For budget option Pine or aspen are suitable (they do not burst when dry).
The logs are cut into 40cm long logs and dried for 6-12 months.
To split shingles, you need to prepare 2 axes - one with a narrow blade, the other with a wide (meat) blade, which is used to chop the logs into shingles. The secret of its durability lies precisely in the fact that the shingles are split (strictly along the fibers), and not sawn on a circular saw.
You also need a massive, heavier mallet.
The shingles are made 2-3cm thick (by eye). To do this, apply a wide ax to the block and hit the butt with a sharp blow with a mallet.
The resulting shingles need to be processed (with an ax with a narrow blade) - to give it flat shape(straighten the plane)
In order for the shingles to fit tightly together during installation, a chamfer is removed from both sides at an angle of 45 degrees in opposite directions.
To rainwater did not absorb into the unclosed end of the shingles, but rather rolled off it faster; one end of the shingles (open) was cut off at an acute angle.
As a result, 3-4 shingles are obtained from one lump.
For one shingle roof slope small house You will need about 1 cube of wood.
Such a roof will be very cheap. Even compared to a cube edged boards it will be half the price, not to mention the high cost of modern roofing materials.
Roofing made from chipped shingles does not need to be treated with antiseptics.
Environmentally friendly products are becoming increasingly popular today. Many owners of suburban areas cover the roofs of their houses, for example. Some owners of low-rise residential buildings use a completely exotic material for our time - shingles - to cover their roofs. Such planks are laid on the roof using a certain technology, which, of course, cannot be violated.
What is a shingle?
Wooden planks with a thickness of approximately 3-8 mm and a length of 35-50 cm are called shingles (shingles). Shingles are made from regular log. This material is pre-cut into logs of approximately the same size. Next, the latter are split into shingles themselves. Thus, the width of each plank is approximately equal to the width of the log.
Shingles are laid on the roof using approximately the same technology as any other piece material. In old times wooden roof shingles were usually assembled by connecting elements using the tenon/groove principle. Today, galvanized nails are used in most cases for the installation of such roofs.
Features of material selection
Effective attic protection and long service life are, of course, what distinguishes a roof covered with shingles. In the photos presented on the page you can see how reliable such a roof looks.
However, in order for a roof of this type to be durable, you, of course, need to choose good material. Only the highest quality wood should be used for shingles. For example, it is not allowed to make planks from the middle of logs. Also, wood with knots, signs of rot or cracks is not suitable for shingles.
In ancient times, shingles were made mainly from oak or larch. Today this material is also used quite often. The popularity of shingles made from such wood is explained by its excellent performance qualities and very long service life. However, oak and larch are, unfortunately, quite expensive these days. Therefore, in most cases, for the manufacture of shingles, owners country houses they still use cheaper pine. Shingles made from this material are also quite reliable and durable. But its service life is shorter than that of oak or larch.
In addition, aspen shingles are very popular among owners of country houses. This material, like oak, is also durable.
Varieties of wooden tiles
The following boards can be used for making roofs:
rectangular;
trapezoidal;
"dovetail".
Wooden shingles with complex shapes are usually called shingles themselves. Wood chips can also be used for roofing. This material is a simplified version of wooden tiles - rectangular planks up to 1 m long.
Sometimes a spindle and a plowshare are used for sheathing roofs. The first type of material appearance resembles a tile. The ploughshare can have the most different shapes and is a true work of art. It was this type of wooden tile that used to cover the roofs of the towers of rich princes, as well as churches. They were actually very beautiful roofs from shingles. In the photo below you can see such a spectacular dome.
How is shingles made and how much does it cost?
Nowadays, shingles are usually purchased ready-made. At enterprises, this material is produced using special machines.
Laying shingles on a roof these days is considered quite prestigious. Accordingly, such material, in comparison with many modern ones, is quite expensive. In order to buy square meter For such cladding, the house owner will have to spend about 600-700 rubles. In most cases, shingles are laid on the roof in 3-5 layers. That is, in fact, a square meter of such cladding will cost 1800-3500 rubles.
Is it possible to do it yourself?
The price of finished shingles is quite high. Therefore, many owners of country houses would like to know whether it is possible to make this material themselves. Of course, you can make shingles yourself. After all, this is exactly how it was made originally - in the old days.
The technology for cutting shingles looks something like this:
the log is sawn into logs 40-45 cm long;
the logs are cut into planks of the required size;
dry the shingles in the sun.
It is believed that best time It's springtime to make your own shingles. You cannot dry shingles in the shade. Otherwise, it may rot. To make a shingle roof look more aesthetically pleasing in the future, craftsmen advise chamfering each plank on both sides at an angle of 45 degrees (in one direction).
What tools are needed for cladding?
To cover the roof with shingles you should prepare:
Guide board.
Galvanized nails or self-tapping screws in large quantities.
Roof preparation
Like anyone else protective material, shingles are laid on the roof along the sheathing. As the latter, a beam with a cross-section of 50 x 50 or 60 x 60 cm is usually used. The sheathing is installed in increments equal to 1/3 of the length of the wooden tile itself.
It is believed that it is not necessary to waterproof shingle roofs. Anyway traditional technology Installation of this material, of course, does not imply the use of roofing felt or film. However, many experienced builders It is still recommended to waterproof roofs of this type. But in most cases this procedure is not performed in the usual way, as when using modern materials, but directly at the stage of covering the roof with shingles.
How to determine the required number of layers
Wood is an environmentally friendly material, but, unfortunately, it is still somewhat moisture permeable. The shingles themselves have little thickness. Therefore for more reliable protection internal space shingles at home and laid on the roof in several layers. The number of the latter is determined by the angle of inclination of the roof slopes:
up to 45 degrees - in 3-5 layers;
more than 45 degrees - in 2-3 layers.
It is not recommended to cover roofs with slope angles less than 14 degrees.
Laying technology without waterproofing
In this case, they begin to assemble the shingle roof with their own hands from the eaves, gradually moving towards the ridge. The evenness of the masonry is achieved using a guide board. In the first row, which is often made double, an overhang should be made of shingles.
The boards are usually laid in a row just next to each other. Each element is nailed with two nails in the middle along its length. In this case, the fasteners are placed at a distance of at least 2 cm from the edge of each plank. The overlap is made along the guide board, in accordance with its width (usually leaving 15 cm at the bottom). But in any case, each subsequent row must overlap the nails of the previous one. Also, when calculating the pitch, it is worth taking into account the length of the shingles and the width of the slope. Otherwise, in the last row it will have to be cut with a circular saw.
It is impossible to lay planks close to each other when sheathing the roof. A small gap should be left between them. Otherwise, when the boards swell during rain, they may subsequently warp. After laying the first layer of shingles, you usually have to trim the edges of the resulting covering from the side of the gables with a saw. When laying each subsequent layer, you need to cover the gaps of the previous one.
How to cover a roof with shingles using a waterproofing agent
For additional protection roofs in this case are usually used roll materials. The waterproofing material is pre-cut into strips with a width equal to the length of the planks. Work when covering the roof with waterproofing is carried out in the usual manner. However, in this case, after stuffing, each row is covered with a strip of roofing material.
Rules for installing chimneys on shingle roofs
There are many advantages to shingle roofing. This coating is capable of maintaining optimal temperature regime in the attic, looks very aesthetically pleasing and can last for many years. However, shingle roofs also have some disadvantages. The main disadvantage of such coatings is their low fire resistance.
Installation of shingles on the roof in the area of the chimney should be in compliance with fire safety. Laying planks close to the pipe is not allowed. Gaps must be left between the chimney and the cladding. The latter are subsequently covered with an overlapping tin apron. If thick shingles are used, this element is installed before laying the planks.
Things to know
When making shingles, among other things, the following rules should be observed:
the first and last rows on the slope should be laid from planks that are shorter than the main material;
It is not recommended to cover edges along gables and cornices with tin when using shingles for cladding.
On the ridge of a roof finished with shingles, shingles are often laid. It is a log along the entire length of the roof with longitudinal groove, under which the ends of the planks of the top row are placed.