When the Terek Cossacks were formed. Grebensk and Terek Cossacks in the North Caucasus

They lived in the Tersk region, which was divided into 4 Cossack departments: Pyatigorsk, Mozdok, Sunzhensky and Kizlyarsky, as well as into 6 national districts: Vladikavkaz (Ossetians), Nazran (Ingush), Nalchik (Kabardians and Balkars), Khasavyurt (Kumyks) Grozny and Vedensky (Chechens). Before the revolution, the Terek Cossacks with their families numbered about 278,000 people.

Tertsy took part in all the wars waged by Russia from the day of their foundation, mainly in the Caucasian direction. In World War I, the Army put 12 cavalry regiments, 2 foot battalions, 3 artillery batteries into the active army, 10 separate hundred, two of which were guards and were part of His Imperial Majesty's own convoy - a total of about 15,000 Cossacks. Terek Cossacks fought on both fronts of World War I. On the Caucasian front there were 6 cavalry regiments, 2 Plastun battalions and 2 artillery batteries. On the Western front against the German and Austro-Hungarian troops operated 4 cavalry regiments, united in the Terek preferential Cossack division and 2 cavalry regiments that were part of other cavalry divisions.

The time when the first Cossack settlements appeared on the Terek has not yet been precisely established. True, it is known that in 1380 the Cossacks from the Caucasus took part in the Battle of Kulikovo and before the battle presented Dmitry Donskoy with an icon of the Grebenskaya Mother of God. Umalat Laudaev, based on oral Chechen legends, confirms that the Cossacks have long lived in the Caucasus next to the highlanders. At the time of the Golden Horde, Russians (Cossacks) lived in Big and Small Chechnya. At that time, as the Chechens say, "Orsay mehki da hile" - the Russian became the father of the country, and that the cart of Russians entered the Bald Mountains "organ gudalak lamte yaler", and the Russian mother (woman) walked alone along the Bald and Black Mountains. The unbridled mountain tribes were engaged in robbery and robbery for their food, therefore they greatly disturbed the Cossacks. Fighting with them incessantly, the Cossack population, suffering losses, was repeatedly subjected to almost complete destruction. But, each time, due to the arrival of new fugitives and other free people from the inner regions of the Moscow state, the Cossacks restored and replenished their composition. So, in 1520 the Ryazan city Cossacks, due to disagreements with the voivode, left the city. Together with their families, they descended on plows down the Volga, having sailed along the Caspian coast, entered the mouth of the Terek. In the new place, the Ryazan Cossacks were accepted by Agra Khan, at his suggestion they occupied no man's land on the right bank of the Sunzha River, above the confluence of the Argun River. There the atamans Kurdyuk, Gladky, Shadra founded three towns, which received the name - Kurdyukovsky, Gladkovsky, Shadrinsky. The Cossacks lived on Sunzha until 1680-1685. Over time, when the number of Chechens in the mountains increased, they began to displace the Cossacks onto the plain. But there was another reason that made the Cossacks move closer to the Terek. By the end of the 17th century, the Kalmyk khans Surgut and Burgust entered Chechnya and established themselves along the Sharo-Argun and Chanti-Argun rivers. The Cossacks refused the Chechens' request to support them in the fight against the Kalmyks. After that, the Chechens broke off friendship with the Cossacks and became their enemies.

Gradually moving away from the Black Mountains, the Russians began to settle on the plane. Laudaev notes that they lived for some time in Kachkalyk and the Nadsuzhinsky ridge-ridge (ridge, hence the Greben Cossacks). In 1712, having accepted the offer of Pyotr Matveyevich Apraksin, the Cossacks moved again to the left bank of the Terek. For 80 miles they set up 5 villages - Chervlennaya, Shadrinskaya, Kurdyukovskaya, Staro-Gladkovskaya, Novo-Gladkovskaya (now Grebenskaya). The Terek River became the natural border of the Cossack settlements and neighboring mountain tribes. This is how the Tersk cordon line was formed.

Living next to the highlanders, the Cossacks had friendly and even kinship relations with some Chechen families. The Cossacks had especially good relations with the Chechen taipes - Guna, Center, Kurchala. The Kunaki helped each other both with food during a crop failure and with armed force if necessary. There were often cases when the Cossacks took mountain beauties as wives.

Nowadays, the villages of Terek Cossacks are located in the republics - Ingushetia, Chechnya, Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia, in some of them the Cossack population is completely absent or constitutes a small percentage. Years of repressions against the Terek Cossacks, as well as the absence of a national policy of the state in the North Caucasus, led to the fact that today the Terek Cossacks remained mainly in the villages located on the territory of the Stavropol Territory. The overwhelming majority of the Cossack population, experiencing strong pressure from the leadership, and the population of the North Caucasian republics, since 1990 were forced to leave their villages and change their place of residence. Given the manifestations of extreme nationalism, and the growth in the birth rate in these republics, it can be argued that the Terek Cossacks will no longer return to their villages. As the saying goes, "everything has its time - a time to live and a time to die, a time to collect and a time to throw stones." In Samara, Terek Cossacks and their descendants, according to incomplete data, live from the villages: Arkhonskaya, Burgustanskaya, Grebenskaya, Goryacheistochnikovskaya (former Baryatinskaya), Esentukskaya, Naurskaya, Novo-Ossetian, Nezlobnaya, Nikolaevskaya, Kurskaya, Kargalinskaya, Kalinovskaya, Chervlenovskaya, Pavlodolskaya, Soldierskaya, Sovetskaya (State), Samashkinskaya, Terskaya, Troitskaya, the cities of Kizlyar, Grozny, and Mozdok.

In my opinion, the most famous Terek Cossack living in Samara can rightfully be called a member of the Union of Russian Writers of the Cossack village of Naurskaya - Evgeny Vasilyevich Chebalin. The village where he was born got its name from the place where it was founded. It stems from the fact that before the formation of the village, the Cossacks had a hot affair with the highlanders, in which the Cossacks won a victory accompanied by shouts of "hurray." In memory of the Cossack victory, this place began to be called Naur, Naur from here Naurskaya. The village, in the history of the Terek Cossacks, is especially known for the fact that on June 11, 1774, on the day of the Holy Great Martyrs Bartholomew and Barnabas, it withstood the siege of 8,000 mountaineers and Crimean Tatars under the command of the Kalga (Crimean governor) Sultan Shabaz-Girey. In the defense of the village from the enemy, along with the Cossacks, women-Cossacks took an active part, who threw axes and scythes into the midst of the attackers, pricked them with pitchforks, grips and did not even spare hot cabbage soup for the “guests”. After this event, for a very long time, when meeting with a mountaineer with a burnt face, the Cossack did not miss the opportunity to ask: “And what did dos (friend) eat in Naur?” The report to the Mozdok commandant was reported: “.... and girls, some with guns, and others with scythes helped in battle; and one cut off the enemy's head with a scythe - and took possession of his weapon! " More than 800 people lost Kalga in the battle for Naurskaya Many women of the village were awarded medals “For turkish war 1769-1774 ”and were very proud of it.

The Chebalin family of Cossacks is well known among the old residents of the village. The great-grandfather of Yevgeny Vasilyevich for military distinctions during the Great Caucasian War was awarded the crosses of St. George of all 4 degrees, and a land plot in Transcaucasia in the town of Zakatala. Grandfather Yakov did not particularly show himself in the military field, but he was distinguished by a strong economic streak. He had his own fishing artel in the Caspian at the mouth of the Terek, where he was quite successful in fishing. His son Vasily Yakovlevich, participant of the Great Patriotic War, which he finished in the city of Breslau. While serving in the artillery, the Cossack Chebalin was wounded more than 10 times during the war years, returning home Vasily Yakovlevich worked in various regions of the republic as an agronomist. On the mother's side, Evgeny Vasilyevich belongs to the family of Count Alexei Grigorievich Orlov-Chesmensky, one of the favorites of Empress Catherine II, but better known as a horse breeder, who created the famous Orlov trotter in 1784. During the civil war, after the death of his parents (execution), the upbringing of his mother, Anna Ivanovna, was taken over by her own aunt Glykeria Orlova, who told her already grown niece what kind she was.

After graduating from the tenth year, Yevgeny entered the Grozny Pedagogical Institute at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports. It should be noted that at one time he was very seriously involved in swimming, gymnastics and boxing. In parallel with his studies at the institute, he was engaged in journalism, his stories, feuilletons, articles were published in the republican youth newspaper "Komsomolskoe tribe", along with this he attended a drama club and an opera studio. After graduating from the institute and receiving a diploma in physical education (swimming and gymnastics coach), he is almost immediately drafted into the army. The sailor Chebalin served in the ranks of the Red Banner Caspian Flotilla. At first, as part of the torpedo boat division, then in the song and dance ensemble of the KKF, at one time he was an adjutant to the deputy flotilla commander, Rear Admiral Pilshchikov. A particularly memorable moment of service Chebalin recalls his performance at the All-Army Jubilee Festival in 1965 (in honor of the 20th anniversary of the Victory over Germany), where he performed the 1st part of Beethoven's Apassionata at the final concert in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses and became a laureate of the festival. Having retired to the reserve, Evgeny Vasilievich for a long time worked as a journalist, his articles were published in the newspaper "Pravda", the magazine "Ogonyok" and many other publications. In Moscow at GITIS, he graduated from higher theater courses with a degree in drama. Chebalin is the author of 12 plays staged in 63 theaters of the USSR, he is also known as a writer for his books "The Hour of the Two-Face", "The Corporal's Harem", dedicated to the events that took place in Chechnya from 1920 to 1944. The dilogy "Two-faced Hour" and "Corporal's Harem" was reprinted 7 times, with a circulation of 150-200 thousand copies, including in the largest publishing houses in Moscow: "Voennizdat", "Veche", "Molodaya Gvardiya". Their total circulation has long exceeded one million. From 1987 to 1989, Chebalin acted as chairman of the Writers' Union of Checheno-Ingushetia, to which he was elected by grateful colleagues. In 2003, the writer Chebalin published another novel "The Nameless Beast".

Talking about the Tertsi living in our region today, I will start with the descendant of a very respected and well-known Cossack family on the Terek - Vladimir Mikhailovich Fedyushkin. Vladimir Mikhailovich was born on May 22, 1951, in the old Grebenskaya village - Chervlennaya. This village first began to be mentioned in Russian historical documents from 1567. Cossacks Chervlenovtsy for four centuries have been zealous keepers of Cossack traditions. The last, pre-revolutionary ataman of the Terek Cossack army, a great connoisseur of the Terek Cossack antiquity, Mikhail Alexandrovich Karaulov, in one of his works on this subject, described one historical fact. “In 1847-1848. among the Terek Cossacks, the so-called "Shapovals" appeared, i.e. Cossacks and peasants resettled to the line from the Little Russian provinces, attributed to the Terek Cossacks. Most of them were directed to the numerical increase of the Grebensky regiment, in the villages of which they settled. As a result of the Chervlentsev's refusal to accept the "Shapovals" into their midst, a completely separate settlement was formed in the Chervleniy yurt - the village of Nikolaevskaya. " In the past, for the Cossacks of Chervlenovites, the mountaineer, yesterday's enemy, was much closer than his fellow soldier or a peasant migrant. The well-known pre-revolutionary researcher of Chechnya N. Semenov noted that Chechens from the village of Guni were welcome guests in Chervlennaya, where both shelter and food were always ready for them. In turn, the Chervlenites also did not miss an opportunity to visit their Kunaks of the Gunians and enjoyed the same cordial welcome. According to Semyonov, Cossacks are often Chervlenovtsy who suffered from natural Disasters or in need of funds, they went to their kunaks in the Chechen auls, where they always received help. In the village of Chervlennaya there are families - the Titkins, Egorkins, Busungurovs, who directly admit their kinship with the Chechens, and the surname Gulaev is found both among the Cossacks and among the Chechens from the Guna taipa. It should be added that until 1957, only the Cossack population lived in the village of Chervlennaya.

Talking about the Fedyushkin family, I will say that the formation of their surname was the result of the tragic campaign of the Cossack detachment undertaken in 1717 under the leadership of Prince Bekovich-Cherkassky in Khiva. The campaign ended with the complete destruction of the detachment. Of the 1,500 Yaik (Ural) Cossacks, one Cossack Novitsky escaped, and out of 500 Greben Cossacks, two Cossacks returned to the Terek after a few decades of life in captivity - Ivan Demushkin from the Chervlennaya stanitsa and Pyotr Strelkov from the Shadrinskaya stanitsa. This loss turned out to be very tangible for the Grebensky Cossacks, and in memory of the dead, the Cossack women gave surnames to children by the names of their fathers, one of such surnames was Fedyushkin, in honor of the Grebensky Cossack Fyodor, who died in distant Khiva. For 200 years after the Khiva campaign, the Fedyushkin family grew and multiplied. Many brave Cossacks and honored officers appeared in this family, who are mentioned in the service records of the Grebensky army throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. It is known that there were 3 generals among the Terek Cossack officers of the Fedyushkins. In the city of Essentuki (a former Cossack village), in the fence of the church of St. Nicholas the Pleasant, there is a grave with a monument on which it is modestly written "Major General Fedul Filippovich Fedyushkin (1818-1881)". Grebensky Cossack Fedul Filippovich Fedyushkin was the first commander of the Volga Cossack brigade under his command, the Cossacks repeatedly emerged victorious from many battles and battles. Major General Fedyushkin was for a long time ataman of the Pyatigorsk department of the Terek Cossack army and lived in the village of Esentukskaya. V popular memory Fedul Fedyushkin forever remained a brave warrior and a great connoisseur of the Greben Cossack antiquity. After his death, former fellow soldiers asked their relatives for permission to bury their beloved commander in one of their stanitsa cemeteries. The relatives, obviously knowing perfectly well what an honor it would be, for the former colleagues of the deceased to protect the ashes of their commander, agreed to their request. I am amazed at one thing, how, and why over the past time, the church and the tomb of the tsarist general have survived to this day. Perhaps just an accident. But it seems to me that the descendants of the Cossacks whom Fedul Fedyushkin led into battle, remembering who lies in this land, did not give the vandals an opportunity to outrage and desecrate the grave of a military Cossack general. Representatives of the Fedyushkin Cossack clan also served in the personal protection of the Russian Emperors in His Imperial Majesty's Own convoy. The Fedyushkins served in the convoy regularly, this can be judged by their awards. Order for the Terek Cossack Host No. 103 on February 26, 1907, the city of Vladikavkaz

I declare, according to the Army entrusted to me, the list of persons of this Army, to whom the Sovereign Emperor All-mercifully deigned to receive the awards of the Life Guards of the 3rd and 4th Cossack Hundreds and His Majesty's Own Convoy, indicated in this list, in silver with the inscription “ For diligence "to wear a medal on the chest on the Stanislavskaya ribbon .....

Governor General of the Terek Region, Ataman of the Terek Cossack Host, Lieutenant General Kolyubakin

For a long time Vasily Kuzmich Fedyushkin was the commander of the 3rd hundred of the convoy. “Kuzmich, as the officers called him, was always dissatisfied, criticized everything and considered himself infallible, not only on all matters of an official nature, but also in the officers' private life. However, all the officers knew that despite the purely external, seeming severity, Kuzmich was a kind-hearted man and good friend. " His cousin poesaul Kulebyakin described Kuzmich as follows:

Our Kuzmich is "always right!" And how he does not act, But in a dispute he never scolds Repair he will not yield to the Other. And bad fuel ... Since he is angry, Kuzmich, the rumor goes Believe me - rightly so! He knows the rules by heart: "Scout", "Disabled" In the meeting he reads a buffet From infancy. Any hunter should approve: There is no better mistress, Who would not argue with him, Than the glorious Panin - the centurion. He will cut everyone off quickly: "Oh, just what I said, Kuzmich entered there, So it is fair." Grumbles: "The beer stinks!" Since he’s angry, He’s sitting in three rooms. Believe me: “Fair enough!” With a huge family he is, And he keeps repeating day and night, That he has no peace.

The Cossack clan of the Kulebyakins is no less honored than the clan of the Fedyushkins. Members of this clan also served in His Majesty's Own Convoy. In 1876, the Terek Life Guards squadron was commanded by the head captain Porfeny Terentyevich Kulebyakin. On March 1, 1881, during the assassination attempt on Emperor Alexander II, 6 Cossacks of the Life Guards of the Terek squadron, led by Porfeny Terentyevich, were next to him. One Cossack died from the explosion, the rest, along with the commander, were wounded, of varying severity, and mutilations. Colonel Kulebyakin died on July 29, 1906 at the age of 70, and was buried in the city of Vladikavkaz in the fence of the Peter and Paul (Apsheron) Church. His son Alexander, like his father, served in the Imperial Convoy. From 1913 to 1916, Colonel Kulebyakin commanded the 1st Gorsko-Mozdok Cossack Regiment. After being awarded the next rank, Major General Alexander Porfentievich took command of the 2nd Caucasian Cossack Division, with which, after the end of the war, he arrived from the Caucasian Front in Russia. During the Civil War, he actively participated on the side of the White Cossack troops. In 1910, the cornet Nikolai Semenovich Fedyushkin and Anatoly Semyonovich Fedyushkin drove up among the officers of the Convoy. The Grand Duchesses, in letters and among themselves, were called Yuzik - podzaul Anatoly Fedyushkin (finding him similar to the hero of the novel they read). In October 1958, Colonel N.V. Galushkin Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna (sister of Nicholas II) wrote: “On Sundays from three to nine o'clock they let my four nieces go to my house at 46 Sergievskaya Street, drank tea and played different games. There were Shkuropatsky, Fedyushkin, Shvedov, Skvortsov, Zolotarev and Zershchikov, they alternated. But Zborovsky, Shvedov and Fedyushkin have always been (their nieces especially loved them). " On July 9, 1916, the 4th hundred of the Convoy marched to the front. The commander of one of the platoons was Anatoly Fedyushkin. In his memoirs, A.S. Fedyushkin writes that when parting with the Tsar's children he received from Grand Duchess Tatyana a silk shirt with a pinned card: “May the Lord bless and keep you, dear Yuzik! Tatyana". Fedyushkin Anatoly Semenovich died in New York on August 31, 1958.

Before the start of World War I, another representative of the Fedyushkin family, Colonel Fedyushkin Nikolai Kuzmich, commanded the 1st Kuban General Field Marshal of the Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich Cossack regiment, which was stationed in the village of Karakur in the Kara region. The 1st Kuban Cossack regiment was considered one of the best in the Kuban Cossack army. For military exploits, the regiment had 2 St. George banners, 12 silver St. George pipes, by the end of the 1st World War, the Cossacks of the regiment were awarded 350 St. George crosses and about 700 St. George medals, and St. George's embroidery was also granted for beshmets and Circassian sleeves. ... In the same region, in the village of Sarykamysh, there was the 2nd Kuban Cossack battery, commanded by the military sergeant major Viktor Kuzmich Fedyushkin. With the declaration of war, both Fedyushkin officers with their subordinate units marched to the Caucasian (Turkish) front. In August 1916, Colonel Fedyushkin received a promotion and became the commander of the 2nd Cossack Brigade of the 1st Caucasian Cossack Division, which also included the 2nd Kuban Cossack Battery under the command of his permanent military foreman Fedyushkin. After the revolution, returning home from the front on the Terek, Nikolai Fedyushkin in the rank of major general soon became one of the leaders of the Terek Cossack uprising against Soviet power, which began on June 18, 1918. At one time he was the commander of the troops of the Terek region, temporarily replacing the wounded Major General E.A. Mistulova. Viktor Kuzmich Fedyushkin during the civil war with the rank of colonel was the head of the artillery unit of the Terek Cossack Host. After the end of the civil war, he was forced to leave his homeland and found his refuge in France, where he died in 1930 at the age of 57. Vladimir Mikhailovich grew up in the post-war years, his parents Ekaterina Fedorovna and Mikhail Dmitrievich worked as teachers in the village school. Both grandfathers Mityushkin Fyodor Filippovich and Fedyushkin Dmitry Nesterovich, having lived a long working and fighting life, unfortunately, told little about themselves to their grandson, so he does not know information about their military past. True, it is known from archival sources that the great-grandfather of Vladimir Mikhailovich, Esaul Fedyushkin Nestor Filippovich, was the owner of a large land plot in the amount of 174 tithes, and his older brother, Major General Fedyushkin Fedul Filippovich, had 1266 acres of land.

Esaul Nestor Fedyushin had 8 sons and 2 daughters in the family. During the Great Patriotic War, all the sons were at the front. In the battles with the Nazis, 2 sons, Stepan and Ivan Nestorovich, died a heroic death in battle. Other sons returned home alive, two of them in officer's shoulder straps, Dmitry Nestorovich senior lieutenant, and Mikhail Nestorovich captain. During the war, Nestor Filippovich's grandson, Yuri, being in besieged Leningrad, took part in the defense of the city for which he was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". After lifting the blockade, Yuri was enrolled as a cadet at the Higher Naval School. After graduating from college as a mechanical engineer of submarines from 1949 to 1954. Yuri Mikhailovich served in the Baltic Fleet, from 1954 to 1958. studied at the Naval Academy of Shipbuilding and Weapons, from which he graduated as a shipbuilding engineer with the highest qualifications in the design and construction of submarines. During the years of service Fedyushkin supervised the development and testing of underwater technical means, which were a new direction in the development of the Navy. Yuri Mikhailovich performed this function at the Research Institute of the IMF. For the results achieved in this area, Captain 1st Rank Fedyushkin was awarded the Orders of Lenin and the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, in addition, in 1983. he was awarded the State Prize "For work in the field of marine technology", and in 1984. awarded the academic degree of candidate of technical sciences. After his dismissal from the ranks of the Navy, Yuri Mikhailovich worked for 15 years as a senior researcher at the Research Institute of the SVR. During this time, in total, he wrote more than 20 scientific papers. Recalling his childhood and adolescence spent in the village, Vladimir Mikhailovich notes that the Cossack spirit was always present in Chervlennaya. This was expressed in the fact that the Cossacks sang old Cossack songs at holidays, feasts, meetings, men often wore hats, many had inlaid silver belts, they also greeted each other in Cossack fashion, not to mention many everyday details incomprehensible to an outsider. He remembered very much the shooting of the films "Cossacks", "Kochubey", "I am Shapovalov", which took place in Chervlennaya in the late 50s and early 60s. At that time, the village still retained its nature, all the same adobe huts, reed roofs, wattle fences, wells, etc. remained. All the participants in the filming were located in the apartments of the villagers. After the end of filming, and during lunch, returning to their homes, all this mass (and the filming was massive) dressed in Circassian coats with gazyry, checkers, daggers, rode on horseback along the ancient village streets. Watching this, there was a complete feeling that time had turned 50 years ago. For the adult villagers, this sight was especially pleasant and reverent, not to mention the youth. Over the years of service and labor activity, Captain 1st Rank Fedyushkin Yu.M. and Lieutenant Colonel Fedyushkin V.M. proved by their example that the military spirit, interest in military service, hard work, were and will be hallmark every self-respecting Cossack. It is no less interesting that both during the service of the Russian emperors and during the service of Soviet power, the Fedyushkins' Cossacks were able to rise to senior officer ranks, since loyalty to the Motherland and love for the Fatherland has always been the main thing for the Fedyushkins in any historical era.

After graduating from the stanitsa school, Vladimir Mikhailovich entered the Vilnius Radio Engineering School of the Air Defense Forces. After his graduation, officer Fedyushkin had to serve in Ukraine (where he met his wife) in the city of Kuibyshev, Norilsk and on Novaya Zemlya. The last post of Lieutenant Colonel Fedyushkin was the company commander of the command post of the head of the air defense reconnaissance and information center. Now, being retired, retired lieutenant colonel Vladimir Mikhailovich Fedyushkin works in the Administration of the Krasnoglinsky district of the city of Samara. The cult of the warrior in the Cossack environment has always been in the first place, especially among the Cossacks who lived in the warlike Caucasus, surrounded by various, hostile tribes, whose way of life for the most part consisted of robbery. In the Caucasus, being a good warrior meant saving the lives of yourself and your loved ones. After the abolition of the Cossacks in 1920 and decades of mistrust in the Cossacks soviet state they lost a lot in terms of replenishing their armed forces with natural warriors. But, despite the years of repression, oblivion with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the Terek Cossacks showed themselves worthily at the fronts, crushing the German fascist invaders. To date, 41 Terek Cossacks awarded the high title of the Motherland - Hero of the Soviet Union have been established, 12 Tertsy became full holders of the Order of Glory. For the whole centuries-old history the service of the Terek Cossacks to the Fatherland as the most famous military leader who reached a high military rank became a Cossack of the village of Prokhladnaya - Arseny Grigorievich Golovko (1906-1962), commander Northern Fleet(1940-1946), Admiral, First Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the USSR Navy.

After the decades that have passed since the liquidation of the Cossacks, today the military spirit among the Cossacks is no longer present to the extent that it was among their ancestors. But nevertheless, despite this, in our time there are many Tertsi who linked their lives with the army. Lieutenant General of the Reserve Anatoly Aleksandrovich Biryulkin devoted the best years of his life to serving in the army in one of the most combat arms of the troops - the Airborne Forces. A native of Chechen-Ingushetia, Anatoly Biryulkin, after graduating from school in 1954 in the city of Grozny, like all his peers, was drafted into the army. After completing his service, he entered the Omsk Higher Armored Command School. After graduating from college, Anatoly Alexandrovich had to serve in the Airborne Forces in various officer positions. At one time he headed the armored service of the Airborne Forces, from 1972 to 1974 Biryulkin served as deputy chief of the Ryazan Higher Airborne Command School. Lieutenant General Biryulkin was awarded many government awards for his distinction in service. The most memorable of all the awards for Anatoly Alexandrovich is a Polish saber with an inscription on the blade in Polish "For Glory and Valor", presented by the Government of the Polish Republic for strengthening the military brotherhood between the Soviet and Polish Armed Forces. Over the years of service in the Airborne Forces, Biryulkin made 500 parachute jumps, completed many sports categories in different types sports. The last place of service was the Volga-Ural Military District, where Lieutenant General Biryulkin acted as deputy district commander for armaments. In 1991, Anatoly Alexandrovich, for health reasons, completed his military service and went into the reserve.

The ancestors of Anatoly Alexandrovich lived in the village of Samashkinskaya of the Sunzhensky department of the Terek region. The military spirit of the Terek Cossacks Chaplygin and Biryulkin was especially high, they were all good warriors, horsemen. At the time, as Leo Tolstoy wrote, it could not be otherwise. If you were not a horseman, then you are not a man, in the sense that this word has in the Caucasus. They were awarded various awards for excellence in the service. Anatoly Aleksandrovich's grandfather, the lieutenant Biryulkin Mikhail Polikarpovich (1882 - 1918), from the beginning of World War I, entered the 6th hundred of the 2nd Sunzha - Vladikavkaz Cossack Regiment, which became part of the Tersk Cossack Preferential Division, from the beginning of World War I. The first commander of the regiment was appointed Colonel Mistulov Elmurza Aslanbekovich "god of war" as the Cossacks called him. Under his command, the Sunzha people performed many glorious military deeds. With its second commander, Colonel Tuskaev, the Cossacks of the regiment became especially famous during the famous Brusilov breakthrough on the Southwestern Front in the summer of 1916. Mikhail Polikarpovich Biryulkin was one of the participants in this famous offensive. By the end of the war, for military distinctions at the front, the chest of the Samashkin Cossack was decorated with 4 crosses of St. George the Victorious and the St. George medal "For Courage". I managed to find out information about only 3 awards of Mikhail Polikarpovich. The first St. George Cross, 4th degree, No. 192442, he received for a battle on Hungarian soil among 28 officers and Cossacks of his regiment.

On September 14, 1914, in a twelve-hour hot battle near the village of Mikulichiny, where our positions were shelled by artillery, machine-gun and rifle fire, from heights, from individual houses, forests around, set an excellent example of their courage, bravery and extraordinary stamina the lower ranks of the 2nd Sunzhensky -Vladikavkaz regiment ... Cossack of the 6th hundred Biryulkin Mikhail ...

The commander of the Terek Cossack division, Major General T.D. Aryutinov

The next award for Mikhail Bpryulkin was the 4th degree St. George medal No. 194752 "For exploits during the campaign to the Carpathians." George 3rd degree No. 147487 Mikhail Polikarpovich was awarded among the 19 Cossacks and non-commissioned officers of his regiment, probably for a collective feat. The Terek Cossacks Biryulkins were not poorly known in their small Army. In May 1913, the commander of the 2nd hundred of the 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky General Ermolov of the Cossack regiment, the centurion Nikolai Pavlovich Biryulkin, as part of the regimental composite hundred, participated in the jubilee celebrations on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty in the city of Kostroma. Together with him, his older brother served in this regiment, the commander of the 3rd hundred, Matvey Pavlovich Biryulkin drove up. Biryulkin Matvey served in the 1st Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment from 1896 to 1917. and rose to the position of assistant regiment commander. During the civil war, Colonel Biryulkin commanded the 3rd Terek Cossack regiment. On October 9, 1919, he died in a battle near the village of Chechen-Aul at the age of 48. The youngest of the brothers rode up Biryulkin Dmitry Pavlovich during the war (1914-1917) was the commander of the 2nd hundred of the 3rd Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment. Mitya, as he was lovingly called, enjoyed great trust and respect from his colleagues and numerous friends and acquaintances. In 1918, after the absurd death of Dmitry, one of his friends, from grief, shot himself 3 days later. In the 2nd Gosko-Mazdoksky Cossack regiment, senior sergeant Biryulkin Sergei was awarded 3 St. George's crosses for military distinction. I am citing the order on awarding the senior sergeant Biryulkin with the St.George Cross of the 2nd degree No. 10935.

Order on the 11th Army Corps of September 26, 1915 For distinguished in matters against the enemy, the lower ranks of the 2nd Gorsko-Mozdok regiment were awarded .... senior sergeant Bpryulkin Sergei Georgievsky cross of the 2nd degree, for courage and bravery in battle with the Austrians 9 September 1915 ... corps commander Lieutenant General Yablochkin

The Biryulkins served not only in cavalry regiments, and everywhere in any position they held, they honorably performed the duties assigned to them. In 1914, Colonel Biryulkin Pyotr Vasilyevich acted as assistant commander of the 1st Kuban Plastun battalion. In August 1915, having received a promotion, he took command of the 2nd Kuban Plastun battalion, which was part of the 1st Kuban Plastun brigade. Cossacks and officers of this brigade (6 battalions) performed many glorious military deeds under the command of their talented commanders, Generals Przhevalsky M.A. and Gulygi I.E. With these commanders, the Plastuns distinguished themselves especially during the capture of the Turkish cities of Bayazet, Erzurum, Sarykamish, as well as during the Khotyn operation on the Western Front, and in many other battles and battles. During the Civil War, Pyotr Vasilyevich fought in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia. He was a member of the most famous in the history of the Civil War " Ice hike"Headed by General Kornilov. While working on the book, I had to familiarize myself with many pre-revolutionary materials on the history of the Cossacks. Based on some of them, it can be argued with a high degree of probability that the Biryulkin genus has Don roots. The fact is that the Don Cossacks, in whole or in part, participated in the founding of the Siberian, Astrakhan, Volga, Kuban, Terek and Ussuriysk Cossack troops. I will say without exaggeration that the Donets in the history of the Cossacks were a kind of fundamental base, which served as the basis for the formation and strengthening of the majority of the Cossack troops of the Russian Empire. In the book "History of the Astrakhan Cossack Host" written in 1914 by the Cossack colonel Ivan Alekseevich Biryukov, there are several mentions of the Biryulkin Cossacks. For the first time in 1756, Cossacks Evseny Biryulkin and Yegor Biryulkin were among the founders of the Astrakhan villages Vetlyanskaya and Grachevskaya. The next time Cossack Philip Biryulkin is mentioned among 246 Cossacks of the former Volga Cossack army, transferred on the basis of the Decree of Emperor Alexander I of January 7, 1804 to the Astrakhan Cossack army. As you know, the Volga army was formed on January 15, 1734, the numerical strength of which consisted of half (520 families) from the Don Cossacks. In 1756, a regiment of Volga Cossacks under the command of Ivan Dmitrievich Savelyev was sent to the Caucasus. In January 1770, by the Decree of Empress Catherine II, the Cossacks of this regiment (517 families) were settled between the Mozdok fortress and the village of Chervlennaya, they founded the villages - Naurskaya, Ischerskaya, Mekenskaya, Kalinovskaya and Galyugaevskaya. Collecting material on the Cossacks living in Samara region , in the city of Togliatti, I found another Biryulkin. The family and numerous relatives of the great-grandfather, Boris Valentinovich, Makar Biryulkin lived in the village of Naurskaya, founded by the Volga Cossacks. This confirms the connection between the Biryulkins who remained on the Volga and those who left for the Terek. I think that they are all representatives of the same Cossack clan, I will say separately regarding the line of Anatoly Alexandrovich. His ancestors, as already mentioned, lived in the village of Samashkinskaya of the Sunzhensky department. The Sunzha fortified line was founded in 1817-1821. Beginning in 1845, the line was gradually populated by Cossacks, who, of their own free will or by lot, moved to a new place. At that time, 697 families arrived from the Don, 670 families from the Kuban and from the Terek, mainly from the Kizlyar and Mozdok regimental districts of 1603 families. The family of Anatoly Alexandrovich's great-grandfather, Polykarp Biryulkin, was among those who settled in the newly formed Sunzhensky department. And they moved to Samashki in 1857 (the year the village was founded). Probably from some village founded by the Volga Cossacks, that is, the former Donets. As far as I know, before the revolution in the village of Naurskaya, the Biryulki family of Cossacks was very numerous. According to the Muscovite Biryulkin Boris Vasilyevich, his grandfather Konstantin Konstantinovich Biryulkin (1886-1940) had 10 brothers, and this was not the only family in the village related to their surname. Father, Anatoly Aleksandrovich Alexander Mikhailovich, was born at the very beginning of the 20th century - in 1900, according to relatives, he was a dashing rider, took prizes at races and for horse riding, knew well the pre-revolutionary life of the Sunzha Cossacks, fluently spoke several mountain languages. Among his acquaintances were highlanders, but friendship with them sometimes ended in tragedy for the Cossacks. Lyubov Ivanovna Chaplygina, the mother of Anatoly Alexandrovich, told him a terrible incident that happened to one of the villagers almost immediately after the Civil War. “One of the Samashkin Cossacks had a beautiful wife. A highlander, a friend of a Cossack, often stopped by to visit them. One summer day, during the harvest, a Cossack with his wife and little daughter went out into the field to harvest corn patches. While working, his friend drove up to them with his friends. They tied the Cossack, in front of him 12 people raped his wife, then both were killed and burned. The daughter, who had previously been in the corn while the rapists mocked her parents, managed to run to the village. Having listened to her, the Cossacks took out the hidden weapons and drove out towards the aul where the murderers were from. As a result of the raid, the Cossacks avenged the blood of their villagers and destroyed half of the village as punishment. Waking up the next morning, the Cossacks saw that Samashki was surrounded by the Red Army. Under the threat of execution of the village, many Cossacks were arrested and subsequently convicted (!) For banditry. " By their actions, the Soviet government showed the mountaineers that you can do whatever you want with the Cossack population and with complete impunity. It is sad to say, but there were many such cases.

Alexander Mikhailovich died early, almost as soon as he returned home from the front in 1947, leaving three young children to be raised by his wife. Despite the need and post-war difficulties, Lyubov Ivanovna was able to raise and educate children and also carefully preserved for them some generic things in memory of their ancestors. From the very beginning of my participation in the Cossack movement, I met many Cossacks, most of them have very few family relics. When I first found myself at Biryulkin's house, I was greatly surprised by what I saw. In none of the Cossacks living in Samara, I have not seen so many surviving ancestral things, reminiscent of the past of their kind. Award and trophy edged weapons, inherited by the Biryulkin Cossacks in different years for the heroism and valor shown in the battles for the Fatherland. Pre-revolutionary photographs of family members and relatives, service records, an icon, but the most interesting, in my opinion, (!) 400 silver rubles of the tsarist coinage (monetary incentive for the award with St. George's crosses), which, despite years of decossackization, dispossession, hunger and other trials of fate were not spent by loved ones and have survived to this day, as a memory of the merits of their ancestors in the name of the Motherland.

A Caucasian man, very hospitable and hospitable, an excellent conversationalist, who knows the history of Russia, Anatoly Aleksandrovich currently lives in his house, leads a healthy lifestyle, continues to play sports. Remembering his small homeland, Biryulkin designed all his outbuildings on the estate from rubble stone in the Caucasian style. They, as well as a large vineyard, remind Anatoly Alexandrovich of his childhood and youth spent in the Caucasus, his homeland, unfortunately, alas, irretrievably lost. It seemed to me that for the descendant of the Terek Cossacks, whose ancestors, at the cost of their own blood and hard work, mastered, ennobled, settled and settled the wild land, the break with the homeland, where the graves of relatives remained, is especially difficult.

Surprisingly, the fact remains. The overwhelming majority of the population of Russia (and not only Russia) associates the image of a Cossack with a rider on horseback with a saber or whip in his hand. The service of the Cossacks in the cavalry, in the past the most mobile type of troops, was laid down and strengthened in the memory of the people for centuries to come. But, dashing Cossack attacks, daring raids, raids, Ottoman checkers, "Basalai" daggers, Andian burqas, Kabardian horses from the herds of Princes Loov, all this, 100 years ago, which constituted the pride of the Terek Cossacks, went into the realm of our history. In the century scientific and technological progress Cossacks are no less successful in conquering not only the steppes, mountains, seas, but also heavenly heights, which their ancestors could not even imagine. A resident of the city of Samara, Lieutenant General of the Reserve Oleg Borisovich Fitkulin served 38 years in the air defense forces, protecting the airspace of our country. His relatives, on the mother's side, lived in the village of Baryatinskaya (now Goryacheistochnikovskaya), which was part of the Kizlyar department of the Terek Cossack army before the revolution. Grandfather, Oleg Borisovich, Cossack of the village of Baryatinskaya Kozlov Yakov Vasilyevich (1884 - 1919) during the 1st World War served in the 2nd Kizlyar-Grebensky Cossack Regiment. For military distinction, he was awarded 4 St. George's Crosses. The modern researcher of the Cossacks Felix Sergeevich Kireev has archival information about the awards of the lieutenant Kozlov Ya.V., which he kindly provided me. True, it is still known about the awarding of crosses of the 1st and 3rd degree. St. George's Cross of the 3rd degree No. 67909 was granted on the basis of an order dated November 24, 1915. Georgievsky cross of the 1st degree No. 12794 was awarded on December 30, 1916 for the fact that he, together with his odnostonichnik Cossack Pyotr Tolstokorenko: the outpost, attacked her and made her surrender entirely by 25 lower ranks and 1 officer. " By the end of the war, the 2nd Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment included 62 Cossacks who had a full bow of St. George's crosses, this is not counting those Cossacks who were marked with one or more crosses and medals.

In one of the battles, Yakov Vasilyevich was seriously wounded and after a medical commission was recognized as unfit for military service. Returning to the village, he was for some time being treated in a sanatorium for the wounded, which was located next to the village. Healing waters Goryachi Klyuchi were known far beyond the Caucasus, and the village itself got its name from this place. Having recovered his health, the lieutenant Kozlov was placed at the disposal of the chieftain of the Kizlyar department for the post of remonterer. His duties included training battle horses to replenish the active army. In this position, Yakov Vasilyevich so skillfully organized the work entrusted to him that he was awarded the medal "For diligence" once again. According to the recollections of her grandmother, Ekaterina Vasilyevna, my grandfather was a very savvy, hard-working and respected Cossack in the village. For some time he held the position of assistant to the village chieftain, and in the difficult years of the civil war, the villagers were Yakov Vasilyevich their chieftain. In the funds of the State Archives of the Republic of North Ossetia "Alania" there is a document confirming this fact.

Order for the Terek Cossack Host No. 429 of August 12, 1919, the city of Vladikavkaz. Yakov Kozlov, an ataman of the village of Baryatinskaya, was approved.

Ataman of the Terek Cossack Host, Lieutenant General G.A. Vdovenko

After the tragic death of Yakov Vasilyevich, the villagers, as a sign of respect for his merits, took upon themselves the support of his family, with the whole world, as they said at the time, they helped the widow and three children. The fighting spirit of Yakov Vasilyevich fully passed on to his children. His daughter, Anna Yakovlevna, with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War voluntarily joined the army, according to distribution she was sent to intelligence courses in the specialty - radio operator. During the war years, she repeatedly worked in the deep German rear and each time returned from a mission safe and sound. The homeland highly appreciated the courage of the Terek Cossack woman, for her military merits she was awarded many military awards, among which the Order of Lenin was the highest. The brother of Anna Yakovlevna, Ivan, was also at the front from the first to the last day, for his courage and courage, and he was awarded many military awards. The name of the Kozlovs was very well known in the village until the beginning of the 90s, all of Oleg Borisovich's numerous relatives lived and worked in his native Terek, and he himself spent his holidays at home many times. Unfortunately, the recent two "Caucasian wars" have led to the fact that the Cossack population, with a few exceptions, left their villages. Together with many of their villagers, the Kozlovs moved to the Krasnodar Territory. Today they live in the Kuban village of Leningradskaya (formerly Umanskaya) and many of them take an active part in the movement for the revival of the Cossacks. Oleg Borisovich's father, Boris Safarovich, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, at one time was well known in Checheno-Ingushetia. Most During his life, he worked in various leading positions in the apparatus of the republic. Being a very decent and honest man, he continued to work until he was 75 years old, for his attitude to the assigned case of Boris Safarovich, the management and colleagues did not let him retire until the last. His last place of work in the republican apparatus was the position of chief state inspection on the quality of food products of the Chechen-Ingush Republic. For his many years of work, the father of Oleg Borisovich has earned himself great authority and respect from many people of various nationalities. Oleg Borisovich was born in the city of Grozny, after graduating from school he entered the Engelsk Military Technical School of Air Defense. After graduating from college with a degree in radio engineering, he began his service as a commander of a launch platoon. Having risen to the rank of deputy division commander, Captain Fitkulin entered the Zhukov Military Command Academy in the city of Tver, from which he graduated with honors. In 1985, he first entered the city of Kuibyshev, at which time Major General Fitkulin was appointed commander of an air defense division. In 1986, the initiative group nominates him as a candidate for the People's Deputies. In the Kuibyshev Regional Council people's deputies Oleg Borisovich worked in the youth affairs committee.

Fitkulin's service took place in many cities and republics of the former Soviet Union, among them Kazakhstan, New earth, the cities of Ryazan, Kaluga, Perm, Riga, Engels, Tver, the last place of service was Moscow, where Lieutenant General Fitkulin from 1989 to 1995. served as deputy commander of the Moscow Air Defense District. Over the years, many famous military leaders were subordinates and colleagues of Oleg Borisovich, some of them continue to serve and hold senior command positions in the Armed Forces of Russia. With many of them, Oleg Borisovich maintained good, friendly relations and, whenever possible, continues to maintain communication. Over the years of his impeccable service, the hereditary Terek Cossack, retired Lieutenant General Fitkulin, was awarded three orders and 14 medals. In 1995, General Fitkulin went to the reserve and chose Samara as his place of residence. Since 1998 he has been working in the Samara City Administration as Deputy Head of the Control Department municipal activities, head of the department of mobilization work and operational service. Communicating with Fitkulin, he said that many people often asked him the question - who is he by origin. To which he always replied: "I am a Terek Cossack!" The fact is that some especially curious were interested to find out who a person with a Russian name, a Tatar surname and a native of Checheno-Ingushetia could be. For those who are familiar with the stories of the Cossacks, there is nothing surprising here. The Orenburg Cossack of the village of Stepnaya, a hero of the Russo-Japanese and World War I, an outstanding artilleryman of the Russian Imperial Army, general of artillery Mikhail Vasilyevich Khanzhin (1871-1961) came from the family of Kazan Khan Zhin. His distant ancestor, after the capture of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible, converted to Christianity, married a Russian and became the ancestor of the noble family of Cossacks Khanzhins. The well-known commander of the times of the civil war, the Kuban Cossack of the village of Mikhailovskaya, Lieutenant General Babiev Nikolai Gavrilovich (1887-1920) was by birth Persian. The Tersk Cossack of the village of Sunzhenskaya, the hero of the 1st World War, General of the Cavalry Nikolai Nikolayevich Baratov (1865-1930), was a Kartlian by nationality. His grandfather Iosif Baratoshvili was a representative of a very famous Georgian family of princes Mikadze. Having enrolled in the Cossacks, he somewhat changed his last name, and this was not the only case. The founders of the Terek villages Shelkovskaya and Aleksandro-Nevskaya, according to historical information, were Georgians and Armenians, and the Novo-Ossetian and Chernoyarsk Ossetians. Over time, the Cossacks of the first two aforementioned villages, as well as the Cossack Baratoshvili, changed their names to the Russian manner. For example, there was Harutyunyan, Akopyan after joining the Cossacks became Arutyunov, Akopov, etc. In 1915, the commander of the Terek preferential Cossack division, Major General Tigran Danilovich Aryutinov, was awarded the St. George weapon "For Bravery" for the capture of the Hungarian city of Marmorosh-Sigeta. So, the main thing in the Cossacks is the presence of the Cossack spirit, and the presence of the Cossack upbringing, and not nationality.

Among the Tertsi living in the city of Samara, I would like to tell you especially about Fyodor Vasilyevich Samarsky, a Cossack from the village of Burgustanskaya. The village was formed in 1825, according to one of the versions, at the place where, according to Circassian legends, the city of Berguston was located, which translates as - a meeting of believers. According to the recollections of the watchmen, the Cossack Staritsky was the first ataman of the village, after whom Brannik was ataman for a long time. The village of Burgustanskaya before the revolution had a population of 8,000, was famous for its Cossack patriarchal way of life, for its horsemen, songwriters, spiritual cohesion and a very courageous population. The family of the Terek Samara Cossacks begins from Mikhail Ivanovich Samarsky (1834-1861). Mikhail had 2 sons - Ivan and Gregory. In the spring of 1861, having come home, after working in the field, Mikhail felt unwell, he had a very high temperature, and a few days later, on March 25, 1861, he died. In the autumn of the same year, his wife, Maria Konstantinovna, died. After the death of their parents, the young brothers were left alone. Soon, the elder Ivan went to work, and no matter how much they expected him, he never returned. Then the younger Grigory went to a rich village resident, the Cossack Dzhuriya, and hired him as a worker. At first, in his youth, he was a shepherd, and when he grew up he became a shepherd. At the age of 27, the Cossack Dzhuria married Gregory to the widow of the Cossack Vasily Kolesnikov Praskovye. Over the long years of work, Dzhuria gave Grigory 2 bulls and a heifer. For a while, Grigory continued to work part-time with wealthy Cossacks, saved up some money, bought another pair of bulls. One fall, returning home from work, Grigory frostbitten all his toes on one leg. Since then, I have not gone anywhere, but lived constantly in the village, together with his wife, they raised 4 sons and 2 daughters.

The history of the family of Fyodor Vasilyevich's father and uncle is similar to the fate of the Esaulov brothers, described by Andrei Gubin in his book "She-Wolf's Milk". His father, Vasily Grigorievich (1898-1984), was the youngest son in the family, according to the tradition that existed among the Terek Cossacks, he was not hired, so that in the event of the death of the elders, the Cossack family would not disappear, he stayed at home to look after the household and the elderly parents. The elder brothers Anisim and Yevsey returned home from the front in 1917 full of St. George's knights. I managed to find information about the awards of one of the brothers of the second Volga Cossack regiment of the Samara Anisim Grigorievich. During 1915 he was awarded the following St. George Crosses; 4th degree No. 192228 dated April 6, 3rd degree No. 22071 dated May 1, 2nd degree No. 52577 dated November 8. Anisim Grigorievich received the 1st degree St. George Cross No. 12745 for the fact that: “In the battle on June 20, 1916, commanding a platoon, he walked ahead of the platoon and, by the example of his courage and bravery, drew the Cossacks along with him. During the attack, he was wounded in the chest near the enemy's barbed wire. The 2nd Volga Cossack regiment, together with the 2nd Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment, was part of the Terek Cossack division. In the 2nd Kizlyar-Grebensky regiment together with the sergeant Kozlov Ya.V. served as rode up Biryulkin Nikolai Pavlovich, who from July 1914 to August 1917 was the commander of the 2nd hundred. Another representative of the glorious Biryulkin family, Mikhail Polikarpovich, served in the same division as part of the 2nd Sunzhensky - Vladikavkaz regiment. Together with Anisim Samarsky and Yakov Kozlov, he also earned a full bow of St. George's crosses. More than 80 years later, fate wanted the grandchildren and relatives of the heroes of World War I to be together in distant Samara. As the saying goes, "The ways of the Lord are inscrutable."

During the civil war, the Samara brothers fought on the side of the whites, Yevsey served with Shkuro in his personal escort, the so-called "wolf hundred" under the command of Esaul Borukaev. Evlampy Samarsky, apparently a relative, also served in Shkuro's detachment. In the Krasnodar State Regional Archives, there is a document in storage, which says that by order of June 19, 1918, the Cossack of the Kuban-Tersk detachment Evlampy Samarsky was presented to George cross 4th degree. The order was signed by the commander of the detachment, Colonel Shkuro A.G. and the chief of staff of the detachment, Colonel General Staff Slashchev. In 1918, the Burgustan Cossacks fully supported the whites, the village itself passed from hand to hand more than 20 times, was burned and suffered huge losses in men. The battles were very bloody, in one of these, on June 12, the Cossacks defending the village under the command of Colonel Andrei Grigorievich Shkuro destroyed 1200 Red Guards. In memory of this battle, an obelisk still stands near the village, erected in memory of the soldiers who died for the establishment of Soviet power in the North Caucasus. After the civil war, Yevsey did not accept the victory of the Bolsheviks and went into a "retreat" abroad. In 1942, after the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the Caucasus, he nevertheless returned to his native village, but did not find any relatives, after that he disappeared forever. Anisim Grigorievich (1884-1964), having reconciled with fate and believing the amnesty issued to the Cossacks, returned to the village where he lived until the end of his days. In the 30s, collectivization began, and this time fate sent a test to the youngest of the Samara brothers - Vasily. According to Fyodor Vasilyevich, his father was included in the lists of exiles because he very sharply criticized the authorities and did not want to give up his hard-earned property and livestock for nothing. The elder brother Anisim told him ".... submit to Vasil, otherwise you will lose everything ...", and so it happened. Collectivization in the village was carried out by 2 activists - Zuzulya and Surikho. The first was subsequently shot, and the second hanged himself. On April 20, 1933, Vasily Grigorievich, together with his 80-year-old mother, wife Pelageya Korneevna and five children, were taken to the Yessentuki railway station, and from there, along with the rest of the "kulaks", they were sent to distant Kazakhstan.

From the first day of the Great Patriotic War, the eldest son of Vasily Grigorievich, Andrei, was drafted into the army. Andrei Vasilievich went through the entire war in the ranks of the army. In 1944, it was the turn to serve the Motherland to the middle son Fedor, but he did not get to the front, but was sent to the Ufa Infantry School. After graduating from a military school, Fyodor Samarsky linked his life with the army, in his posts he was distinguished by a special order and increased attention to the soldiers, which earned him the sincere love of his subordinates and the respect of his colleagues. Unfortunately, due to heart disease, on August 30, 1998, at the age of 72, the Terek Cossack, retired lieutenant colonel Fyodor Vasilyevich Samarsky, passed away. Probably affected by his participation in the test exercise atomic bomb that took place on September 14, 1954 near the town of Totsk, Orenburg region. The son of Vasily Fedorovich, colonel of the medical service, Yevgeny Fedorovich Samarsky, like his father and the whole family of Samarsky Cossacks, chose a profession for himself - a military one. Now Evgeny serves in Samara in Privolzhsky regional center Ministry of Emergency Situations.

In 2000, the Terek Cossacks appealed to the leadership of the Republic of North Ossetia "Alania" with a request to give permission and provide assistance for the construction of the Memorial of the Terek Cossack Host in the city of Vladikavkaz. A year later, the Town Planning Council of the Main Architectural Directorate of the republic supported the idea of ​​building the Memorial, and the Metropolitan of Stavropol and Vladikavkaz Gedeon gave his blessing for this noble cause. In the Memorial (the authors of the project are M. Bratchik and V. Parkhomenko), it is planned to immortalize the names of the Terek Cossacks of the St. George Knights, who were awarded this award for military exploits in the name of the Fatherland. Today, researchers of the Cossacks have identified about 80% of the Terek Cossacks who became the Knights of St. George only during the 1st World War. In addition, there is information on those awarded for the Russian-Japanese, Russian-Turkish, Great Caucasian War and other wars that took place in the 19th century with the participation of the Terek Cossacks. The memorial will become the first in Russia monument to the Knights of St. George among 12 historical Cossack Troops reborn today. It will be a kind of analogue of the St. George Hall of the Moscow Kremlin. Among the numerous names of the Cossacks, which will be placed, after the completion of construction on the walls of this monument military Glory visitors will surely meet the names of the heroes of my story - Ya.V. Kozlov, MP Biryulkin, A.G. Samarsky.

At the end of my short story about the Tertsi, I will say that no matter how the inhabitants, and the majority of the Cossacks themselves, relate to the very difficult process of the revival of the Cossacks, Thank God that thanks to this revival, it became possible for descendants to learn about the military deeds of their ancestors. Many thanks to all those who, not in words but in deeds, are reviving the Cossacks, their history, culture and military chronicle.