There are several options on how to save money on building a house. One of them is to choose combined houses made of stone and wood - the projects and prices of which are presented on this page. At correct design, such buildings are not only attractive appearance, but also excellent technical and operational characteristics.
Features of combined buildings
People have been solving the problem of how to build inexpensive, but at the same time durable houses from scrap materials for a long time. For combined construction house projects primarily appeared in the foothills, where there was a sufficient amount of stone and forest. The design provided for a reliable stone first (and, if necessary, ground floor) floor, on which utility rooms were located, and for living rooms an attic or second floor was built from wood.
Today it is not necessary to build with stone. Among others, on this page you can select, for example, projects combined houses and cottages made of brick and wood. No less popular are options for constructing the first floor from foam or gas blocks, cinder blocks and similar materials.
It is strongly recommended to entrust the construction of such a house to specialists, because for the construction of turnkey combined houses, projects must take into account the compatibility of materials - the mutual impact of wood and stone on each other and on humans.
Saving on foundation
In addition to the obvious savings on stone for the second floor, house designs from combined materials This is also a reduced load on the foundation. Relevant for unstable soils, it is not necessary to make it thick monolithic slab or too deep strip foundation.
In fact, the thickness of the foundation must be sufficient for one-story house, but 2 floors are being built on it.
By the way, most of these houses are two-story or have a residential attic. But, if necessary, on this page you can select and order turnkey one-story combined houses - projects and prices, number of floors and the presence of an attic can be filtered in the settings.
Stylistics of combined houses
Initially, the exterior of buildings was predominantly made in Scandinavian style, but now many buyers and architects prefer modernism or a combination of styles. As a result, on this page you will find a variety of stylistic directions, according to which combined houses are designed. Projects and prices standard houses are already designed taking into account various requests, and if necessary, you can always order an individual design.
Combined turnkey house
According to the law, you cannot build without preliminary design, which means that in any case you will need to buy a combined house project. You can save on this item of the estimate if you order the construction of a turnkey house.
In simple words, this service assumes that all issues that arise during the construction of a house are resolved by the construction company, and you only need to select a project. The advantage here is that many construction companies when ordering turnkey construction, they provide a standard project for free, and some even offer individual design. But the choice is yours anyway.
Original designs of combined houses are conquering everyone every day large quantity fans. And this is natural. The combination of different materials makes it possible to furnish it in an individual style. The practice of such construction shows that the use of this technology significantly reduces.
Original project combined house
The main feature that distinguishes the combined Vacation home from others is that the first floor is made of more durable materials, and the following floors are made of lighter ones. For example, for the foundation of a building they successfully use:
- blocks of various compositions, including foam concrete, aerated concrete, wood concrete, porotherm and others;
- house made of natural stone.
To build the top of a building, as a rule, the following is used:
Another direction in the construction of houses of a combined type is the use of alternative finishing of a building, completely built from a homogeneous material, with decorative details. It could be like individual elements, and a combined façade. In some cases, the use literally masks the original building material used during installation.
Advantages of combining materials
The construction of combined houses, based on the principle of combining different materials, has obvious benefits.
Origins of combined buildings
The combination of materials in the construction of residential buildings has been used for more than one century, as in European countries, and in Russia. It is traditionally believed that this construction method is based on the chalet style that came into modern times from the Alpine mountains.
The massive stone foundation of residential buildings in those places was due to necessity, since a house on a mountain slope had to withstand snow and storm water.
At the same time, the living quarters, built of wood, were protected from the weather by wide roof overhangs, which are considered the main difference. In Russia, wood was also popular mainly among merchants and artisans.
Project combined cottage made of stone and timber As a rule, the first floors were adapted for shops and workshops, and wooden second the floor was equipped for living. Despite the high cost of construction, this method of constructing buildings was justified, since the wooden floor removed from the ground was protected from flooding and fire, and, therefore, had a longer service life.
In modern design, combined houses made in the chalet style are distinguished not only by a stone base and wide roof overhangs, but also.
Respectable houses made of brick and wood
There are many people who want to implement the project of their own combined house made of brick and wood. Brickwork has traditionally been considered an indicator of the wealth and respectability of the owner.
Ready-made project of a respectable house made of brick and wood In the combined construction of houses and cottages, both silicate and ceramic bricks are successfully used to construct the first floor of a combined house. Superstructure brick base the house can be made of any type of wood.
A classic option is considered to be a combined house made of brick and laminated timber, since it has an attractive appearance, is easy to install and is not subject to shrinkage, and also has high thermal insulation properties.
An alternative option, of course, is lined with decorative wood panels, for example, a block house.
Project of a combined house made of wood and brick It should be noted that making a superstructure from wood significantly reduces the cost of construction, since the price of the wooden components of the second floor is significantly lower than the additional brick for customization. However, the technology for constructing such houses allows the construction of the entire building from the main material, and only the facade of the house is decorated with wooden parts.
In some cases, combined finishing is used, when, together with decorating the facade, additional wooden elements, such as , .
Economical house designs made of foam blocks and wood
Thrifty developers will be especially interested in house projects using block materials. Due to its affordable price and thanks to their simple construction, combined houses made of foam blocks and wood are very popular. Blocks of other cellular concrete compositions are also successfully used as a material for the construction of the first floor, in particular, which has characteristics similar to foam concrete.
A house built from blocks and wood has all the advantages of combined buildings, but there are also additional advantages:
When carrying out work on installing the second floor on a block base, it must be taken into account that pouring a concrete reinforcing belt is a prerequisite for reliable fastening wooden structures. The frame, consisting of a timber structure, or the beam itself is connected to the armored belt with steel anchors. Wooden floor can be made of any type of wood, but the most budget-friendly solution would be a wooden frame with good insulation and cladding with decorative panels.
What could be better than natural building material? This question can be considered rhetorical. When thinking about natural things, wood immediately comes to mind. She has unique qualities, which cannot be replicated in the laboratory. But don’t forget about natural stone. Its strength and resistance to various influences is amazing. A natural stone is great solution for building the foundation. Why not combine them in one building? How this can be done will be discussed in the article.
What is the advantage
The model of combined houses, where the main materials are wood and stone, is not new. Initially, this solution was used in the Alpine mountains. And this is fair, because all the building material was at hand. Stones were used to build the foundation. The first floor could also be made of it, which was used as a storage room for various utensils. Due to heavy snowfalls, the first floor was often covered with snow, but thanks to the stone there was no detrimental effect on the structure. On the second floor of the house there were rooms for the inhabitants. Wood retained heat perfectly, so even strong winds were not scary. Based on this information, it is easy to select positive points in relation to combined buildings:
- high strength;
- durability;
- good thermal insulation;
- resistance to various weather conditions;
- availability of material.
When choosing a combined option, it is also important to know about the disadvantages of this structure:
- high project cost;
- certain complexity of construction;
- the need for high-quality insulation;
- the need to insulate the basement.
It is worth saying that in modern construction instead of natural stone combined options may be applied different kinds blocks, and natural stone serves as cladding for them. The cost of such a combined design is significantly higher when compared with frame house, but in terms of strength it surpasses this one. The construction of a combined building requires a special and attentive approach to detail; only in this case will it be possible to combine wood and stone in the best possible way. It should not only be practical, but also attractive. The building block needs insulation. If this is not done, then significant heat loss will occur through it. The wood must be separated from the building blocks by waterproofing. In its absence, the support beams may rot, which will lead to destruction.
How not to build
The wrong way to combine different building materials can significantly reduce their service life. For example, in some cases the developer proposes to perform partial or complete cladding brick building using wooden lining. From an aesthetic point of view, this interesting solution, but from a practical point of view, you will have to take into account many points and treat the wood in a special way so that it is not subject to putrefactive processes. There have been cases where sufficient clearance was not provided between the brickwork and timber cladding. Because of different coefficient expansion, cracks and deformations appeared in the wood.
Facing wooden structure is also not always a good idea. If the building is assembled from rounded timber, then there is no need for such cladding. In a relationship frame houses It's important to be careful. Partial cladding is allowed, as it can add zest to the project, but it is simply impossible to complete a full cladding with stone. It has a significant weight, which the walls and foundation are not designed to support.
Historical background
The best way to construct a combined building will be to understand what they were like originally. Special attention was given to the roof. In a combined house, it was necessarily pitched and gently sloping. The angle of inclination was small to reduce windage and reduce wind load. The rafter system was massive, and additional stones were laid on top of the flooring to hold it in place. IN original houses, which are called chalets, the roofs had a large overhang of the roof. In some cases it reached three meters. This was done to achieve two goals:
- protect the wooden part of the house;
- collect more snow.
The large overhang of the combined house perfectly protected its wooden part from the effects of precipitation. With constant contact with moisture and water, wood loses its shape and may dry out. In addition, in rainy weather it was possible to do certain things under such slopes. In summer, a wide overhang protected residents from scorching sun. A large overhang also increases the area of the roof itself. The larger it is, the more snow can be retained on it. Snow serves as a natural insulator, which reduces heat loss through the roof. The attic floor in combined chalets has always been residential.
Note! This approach can also be used in modern construction of combined houses where it is possible. climatic conditions. Under a wide overhang, for example, you can organize a terrace.
Roofing in classic version wooden shingles protruded from the combined house. It was made from aspen, cedar, larch or oak wood. The elements were fixed to rafter system wooden nails. Such flooring for a combined house could easily be made independently. The advantage was the ease of repair, as well as excellent sound insulation. From modern materials a soft one would be an excellent replacement bitumen shingles. It can be matched with general structure, which will allow not to disturb the harmony.
One of the notable features of the house, which is made by combining materials, is a wide balcony. It was covered with a canopy at the top and was a continuation of the second floor. They served as support for him wooden piles. A similar approach can be applied in modern combined houses. Good decision There will also be the use of French windows, which will blur the line between the room and nature.
Finished projects
An interesting completed project for a combined house made of stone and wood can be seen in the photo above. The basis of the combined house is natural stone, and not a modern block. This approach made it possible to perfectly fit the house into the landscape. A natural hill was chosen as the site for the construction of the combined house, so a garage was built below, the entrance to which was also paved with natural stone. Stone is also present in a fragmented finish, which made it possible to erase the boundary between stone and wood. The roof is tiled, and the overhangs are made with sufficient projection.
The photo above shows another one interesting project cottage combined house. This option for a combined structure will look great outside the city. The lower part of the building is fragmentarily trimmed with stone, and the upper part is assembled from timber. There is a large terrace in front of the entrance, and on the second floor there is a balcony, which is protected from precipitation by roof overhangs. The basis of the combined building is a strip foundation, and the terrace is installed on a columnar one. This allows you to reduce costs and not lose strength.
Above is another option for a combined house. Its peculiarity is that it already looks like a chalet, but like a Russian hut. The wooden part of the combined house is made of rounded timber. This achieved excellent thermal insulation in the combined building. For the windows of the combined house, frames from plastic profile, which have lamination. The foundation of the house is recessed and the outside is finished with stone. Soft tiles harmonize perfectly with the materials.
The combined building, which can be seen in the photo above, is presented in a modern minimalist design. His top part lined up frame method, which made it possible to reduce the load on the first floor.
This project is an example of combinations in façade decoration. The combined building is built from wooden beam. The roof slopes have small angle slopes and wide overhangs. The corner of the house and the base are finished with natural stone. There is not much of it, so it does not put much pressure on the walls. On the first and second floors of the combined building there are French windows, which occupy the entire height of the wall.
This combination house project is a great example of how you can beautifully combine two different building materials. As you can see, the combined house was built according to frame technology. Its first floor is decorated with natural stone. The support pillars on which part of the combined building rests are also covered with natural stone. On top there is a large terrace where you can sunbathe.
In this project, everything is thought out to the smallest detail and perfectly combined. Under the upper terrace of the combined house there is a recreation area, which is perfectly protected from precipitation. The area near the first floor of the combined house is filled with concrete and does not protrude above ground level, which makes it possible to eliminate sharp transitions. Natural stone is not only present on the lower level, but is also visible on the chimney and part of the second floor. The roof finish is very similar to that used in the classic version of the chalet. A video about the combined house project is below.
Austrian style chalets in Russian cottage villages
The technology for building combined houses consists of laying the walls of the first floor from stone and using wood to assemble the second floor. The general name of the buildings is chalets. The word came from Austria: such buildings were often erected in the mountains.
GOOD WOOD builds combined houses from laminated timber own production and porous ceramic blocks Porotherm. These are safe and durable materials that can be used without additional insulation.
Why are combined houses so popular?
Chalets are a hit in cottage villages. Over the past 3-5 years, the popularity of combined projects has been steadily growing: several hundred families are already living in a standard KD-225, which has become a real bestseller among GOOD WOOD offerings.
Advantages of combined houses:
- Non-standard appearance. Agree, against the backdrop of completely brick and wooden buildings The chalets look very advantageous.
- There are ready-made projects and many objects built according to individual drawings. It’s easier for the customer to choose suitable house and immediately determine the price of construction.
- Reliable stable design. It will suit anyone who doubts the strength of wooden housing construction.
- Combining two materials for families who have not yet come to a consensus on what to build a house from. The solution will suit both brick (ceramic block) supporters and wood lovers.
- Division into residential and common areas. The first (stone) floor is reserved for the living room, kitchen, boiler room, and storage rooms. The second (wooden) floor is used for bedrooms and children's rooms.
Ready-made projects of combined houses
The catalog contains 3 ready-made projects: KD-225, KD-202 and new development our partners (architectural bureau "Carlson and K") - cottage K-1. For all standard cottages A detailed set is provided - with materials, a description of construction technology and other details. For KD-225 and KD-202, you can even calculate the monthly heating cost in advance.
Combining materials is a favorite pastime of designers; in capital construction it is used to solve important practical problems. Proper combination of the physical qualities of stone and wood in the load-bearing walls of a building gives the developer a tangible benefit in cost and comfort.
It is these two factors that have made houses made of combined materials popular and widespread in modern suburban construction.
What combinations are reasonable and permissible when constructing such a structure?
Most often, stone (brick, monolithic concrete, aerated concrete or expanded clay blocks). The second floor is built from rounded logs or laminated veneer lumber.
It should be noted that combinations of different wall materials may also affect external finishing. Combined house allows you to use any options facade decor: brick walls The first floor can be finished with a blockhouse, insulating them using the “ventilated facade” technology.
Second frame floor can be improved decorative plaster or stone tiles. As an example, we invite you to look at the photo below.
Looking at such a house, you will not be able to unambiguously answer the question of what it is built from. load-bearing walls. Although it is also used here combined technology construction of walls. The first floor of this building is brick, lined with siding. The second is a wooden frame finished with ceramic tiles.
Constructive options for combined houses
Despite the variety of facade decor, the construction of combined houses must comply with the main principle: 1st floor is stone, 2nd floor is wood. It provides the building with the necessary strength and creates conditions for comfortable living on the second floor. Another problem solved by the combination of materials is reducing the labor intensity and cost of construction.
Anyone who does not want to spend extra money on exterior decoration is doing the right thing. The combination of stone and wood is optimal not only for structural reasons, but also from an aesthetic standpoint. Therefore, do not hide behind the finishing what looks perfect in itself.
An example would be a mansion built in a deliberately rough combination natural stone and logs. It fully complies with the canons of country style.
It originates from the harsh mountainous terrain, invented by Alpine shepherds. It also used the idea of combining durable stone and warm wood.
Life in the mountains requires maximum reliability and functionality. Therefore, the first level of the chalet is always built from durable rock that is not afraid of snow debris, rockfalls and water. The second floor is designed to create comfort and coziness. Can't find one for these purposes best material than natural wood.
The “ancestral sign” of all buildings built in the chalet style is wide roof overhangs that protect the walls from heavy rains and melting snowdrifts.
Modern combined houses made of stone and wood are extremely diverse, since the choice of wall materials is very wide. If you are not satisfied with torn stone or flat limestone “flagstone”, then build the first floor from. They are quite durable and at the same time as warm as natural wood.
When preparing for construction, do not forget that houses made of foam blocks and wood require a reliable connection between the first and second floors. Cellular concrete– the material is quite fragile. Therefore, it will not hold the steel anchors that secure support beam second level.
A competent solution for such a design is pouring on foam block walls monolithic belt made of reinforced concrete. It increases the spatial rigidity of the building and allows you to securely fix the anchor bolts.
The appearance of a foam block wall is not very expressive. Therefore, it is better to cover it with blockhouse or siding, laying a vapor barrier and a layer of mineral wool insulation behind the façade cladding.
For the combined construction of a cottage you can use. They are stronger than foam concrete, not as fragile and very warm. Finishing arbolite walls not labor-intensive, since any decorative plaster adheres well to them.
The second floor can be built from planed timber. This material retains heat well in a residential floor and does not require finishing cladding.
If you need a three-level combined house made of brick and timber, then build it according to this scheme: the ground technical floor is monolithic reinforced concrete, the first level is brick, the second is a frame or log house.
Talking about frame version walls of the second floor, we note that it will not only save your money, but will also allow you to flexibly change the internal layout, adapting it to family needs.
You can hide the frame of the second floor behind the finishing. Another interesting option- specially highlight it, turning it into an element of facade decor. A half-timbered structure is best suited for this – an old one frame system, which has racks, beams and cross-links overlook the façade.
A serious problem with all cottages is dampness on the ground floor. A combined house solves it simply and functionally. The lower floor is reserved for utility rooms. Here you can equip a boiler room, a bathhouse, a workshop and a garage. Bedrooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms, playrooms and a kitchen are located on the second, drier floor.
A combined house and a combined facade are not the same thing!
As we have already said, the combination of different wall materials is the main feature of a combined building. In contrast, the combined façade of a house can be used on any residential building.
For example, by building a cottage from insulated sandwich panels, you can easily “disguise” it as a stone one. For this you can use ceramic tiles, sandstone, porcelain stoneware or rustic plaster. If ordinary, rather than facing, brick is used for laying walls, then a “combi-facade” will also be appropriate.
The photo shows a house being built from brick and timber. Obviously nondescript brickwork required additional finishing. It doesn’t have to be decorated “like a stone.” It is enough to fill the blockhouse along the guides and your house will be completely “wooden”. Another option is a combination of semicircular false logs on the first floor and laminated veneer lumber on the second.
Pros and cons of the combination idea
Having noted the main advantages of combined buildings: efficiency, planning flexibility, aesthetics and functionality, we will point out the disadvantages of such buildings.
The main one is different time“life” of stone and wood. U rocks it reaches 150 years. tree in best case scenario will last half a century. For light frames and panel walls this period will be even shorter. Therefore, a moment will inevitably come when the first stone floor is still quite strong and reliable, and the walls of the second floor already require repair.
Since combined country houses in Russia are still quite young, then negative experience There are no different rates of aging of wall materials. Therefore, reviews from their owners are mostly positive.
Summing up summary, we advise everyone who has decided to build a combined cottage not to forget about different periods operation of the first and second floors. To extend the life of the walls, buy well-dried and antiseptic wood, and trust the assembly of the frame to experienced professionals, not hackers.
For wooden frame A properly assembled drainage system is required to prevent moisture from entering the wood. In addition, at the construction stage, constant quality control of the sealing of all cross sections is required. wooden racks and beams.