We grow cyclamen at home: important nuances of planting and caring for a demanding handsome man. All about blooming

Among the variety of indoor plants, there are flowers that are often used as gifts. To get a pot with a beautiful flowering bush of cyclamen, violet or anthurium is doubly pleasant: such flowers cannot be compared with a bouquet, because it will quickly fade, and the bush will delight the eye for a long time, moreover, it can even give "offspring".

The pet cyclamen is a herbaceous perennial from the myrsin family with very bright and abundant flowering. Its original colorful inflorescences in the form of butterflies with raised wings proudly rise above the foliage on long legs and form a lush flower cap, which is simply impossible to pass by. And the leaves themselves, with their rounded shapes and light patterns on a dark background, are also very decorative. Due to its spectacular appearance and long (more than 3 months) flowering, cyclamen has long won its place in the hearts of home plant lovers.

Planting and caring for cyclamen only at first glance seem difficult, in fact, this flower feels quite comfortable on the windowsills and is able to decorate them with its flowering more than once. The main thing is to know some of the nuances of growing and create favorable conditions for it. How to do it correctly, we will talk about this today.

Features of planting cyclamen

Root system plants differ significantly from the roots of most representatives of indoor pets, which plays one of the main roles not only when planting it, but also in the further care of the flower. Cyclamen is somewhat reminiscent of bulbous crops: its root is a large flattened rounded corm. Its average diameter is about 15 cm, while there is only one growth point.

When planting an adult cyclamen, the tuber must not be completely buried in the ground: at least 1/3 of it must remain on the surface. The exception is the European type of plant, in which the roots grow not only in the lower part of the bulb, but also over its entire surface.

The soil for the flower must be selected light and nutritious. The store sells ready-made substrates for this particular plant. A soil mixture for Saintpaulias is also suitable for him.

If desired, the soil suitable for cyclamen can be compiled independently by mixing in equal proportions:

• leafy ground;
• sand;
• sod land;
• humus.

There is one more nuance on which both the development and the future flowering of the plant directly depend. A pot for cyclamen should be chosen with a small volume (of course, given the size of the corm itself).

When choosing a flowerpot, one should be guided by the fact that from the tuber itself to the walls of the planting container there should be no more than 3 cm. Only in such "close conditions" the cyclamen will soon be able to bloom.

What does cyclamen love and what is he afraid of?

When planning to grow a plant, it should be borne in mind that it prefers:

• coolness;
• Fresh air;
• sufficiently high air humidity;
• diffused lighting.

The most comfortable temperature for a flower is up to 20 degrees Celsius, but not lower than 10 degrees. In order for it to bloom in winter, even less is needed - up to 14 degrees Celsius. Frequent airing allow you to provide the cyclamen with an inflow of fresh air, especially during the heating season. You can also refresh the bush with the help of regular spraying, in addition, they will raise the humidity and lower the temperature in the room.

During the airing of the room, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of a draft - it is destructive for a flower.

Another important point in caring for a cyclamen at home concerns watering. It is best to moisten the soil in the pot with the bottom watering method, lowering the flowerpot in a bowl of water. Keep it there until the substrate is completely saturated with moisture and the top layer becomes wet. Then you should remove the cyclamen and let the excess water drain. The liquid from the pallet must be drained so that it does not stagnate.

Bottom watering of the cyclamen will eliminate the possibility of moisture getting on the top of the corms, as well as directly on the flowers and leaves. If you water the bush directly into the pot, there is a risk of flooding the growing point, and this usually ends with rotting of the tuber and, accordingly, the loss of the entire plant.

Cyclamen can still be poured directly into the pan, remembering to then drain the excess water from it.

Regarding the introduction, the cyclamen refers to those indoor plants, which are better to underfed than overfeed.
The flower responds well to complex preparations for flowering plants, especially in liquid form, but the working solution should be prepared strictly following the recommendations for its use, sometimes even reducing its concentration.

The purchased plant does not need additional feeding for the next 2-3 months: usually the store soil contains a large amount nutrients, which "fill" the plant so that it blooms profusely and has a beautiful "marketable" appearance.

How often should you replant the plant?

Cyclamen does not grow very quickly, and a young corm can sit in a pot for two years. During this time, it will increase the volume and it will be possible to transplant the cyclamen into a more spacious flowerpot, at the same time changing the substrate to a fresh one. It is better to transplant by the transshipment method, without completely cleaning the old soil from the tuber, so as not to damage it. The first feeding after such a procedure is done in a month.

The cyclamen should be overloaded at the end of the dormant period, until it starts to grow, while you do not need to take a very spacious container, otherwise you may not see the next flowering.

A flowering plant donated or purchased in a store (even if it is completely clear that the shipping pot is small for it) cannot be transplanted - you have to wait until it fades and dies.

How does cyclamen rest?

When the bush finishes its flowering and the inflorescences wither, after them the leaves begin to turn yellow, and over time, only one tuber remains in the pot. Many growers think that the plant is lost, and often even throw it away. However, this is completely in vain, because this is how the cyclamen prepares for a period of rest.

Withering leaves can be carefully removed without waiting for them to completely dry out. To do this, the petioles are simply twisted clockwise without using scissors.

Caring for the cyclamen during the rest period is simple:

• with the onset of yellowing of the foliage, they begin to reduce the frequency of watering;
• the pot with the "naked" round tuber remaining in it is moved to a more darkened place, where it will get less light, but it will not be hot;
• the dormant cyclamen is occasionally watered to prevent the soil and corms from completely drying out.

Most often, plants hibernate in winter, when the room is too warm and dry for them, because it is known that cyclamens bloom profusely only in cool and humid conditions, although the spring-summer break is also typical for them.

Flowers rest for three months. This time is quite enough for them to recover and gain strength before the next abundant flowering.
After the specified time has elapsed, the pot with corms is returned to a bright place and watering is resumed. Soon leaves will appear from the bulb, then the buds will be tied and everything will be repeated from the beginning.

The predominant breeding method

As already mentioned, the cyclamen corm has only one point of growth. True, sometimes there are specimens in which several are formed, but this happens very rarely. For this reason, it is almost impossible to get a new plant by dividing the tuber, especially since even if it is possible to carry out such a procedure, the delenki take root extremely reluctantly and in most cases die.

The seed method is the most realistic and most effective method of cyclamen propagation.

You can sow seeds at any time of the year, but it is better to start work in early spring. Then the daylight hours are long enough to provide the seedlings with good lighting and avoid stretching them.

Before sowing, it is better to pickle the seeds for disinfection by soaking them in a solution of potassium permanganate. Any growth promoter can be used instead.

Fill the seedling container with nutritious soil mixture, make shallow grooves in it and spray them well with a spray bottle. Lay out the prepared seeds, leaving a distance of at least 2 cm between the seeds. Lightly sprinkle the crops with earth and cover with foil or glass on top to create greenhouse conditions. They will remain in this form for 12 months until they germinate. At this time, it is necessary to periodically ventilate the greenhouse and spray the soil, and also avoid too high temperature values, otherwise the seeds "fall asleep" instead of germinating.

If at the end of a month the seedlings have not yet hatched, there is no need to rush to throw them away: the seeds of certain varieties of cyclamen are able to "sit" in the ground for more than 5 months.

When the seeds germinate, the film is removed and the seedlings grow without it. After the formation of a pair of real leaves and their own small nodules in the plants, they are dived into separate cups. It is noteworthy that you can plant in pairs and even in 3 pieces, since each young onion will not need a lot of space.

When picking plants, young corms are completely covered with earth, in contrast to adult cyclamens.

In such small groups, they will "sit" and grow for about six months, after which the bushes are individually transplanted into flowerpots no more than 7 cm in volume. The first flowering of young cyclamens can be seen no earlier than 18 months after sowing the seeds, and some specimens have been preparing for this for three years. They can bloom in summer or even winter, depending on the sowing time and growing conditions.

lat. Cyclamen)- herbaceous perennial plants with a tuberous thickened root of the family Myrsinaceae... Leaves are basal, long-stemmed, rounded, green or dark green, often with gray or silvery patterns. Flowers are solitary on long succulent peduncles, drooping. Some species bloom in winter months others bloom in spring.

Mainly Persian cyclamen is grown in rooms. It is believed that cyclamen is very difficult to grow in a room. This is not entirely true. At correct cultivation it can delight lovers with its flowering for many years. Plants bought at the store usually take root in the rooms with difficulty, since they were grown in cool greenhouses before being sold.

Temperature plays a huge role in the life of cyclamens. At home, these plants vegetate in winter, when there is a lot of rainfall and cool. An increase in temperature tells cyclamens about the upcoming hot and dry summer, and the tuber begins to prepare for dormancy. This feature creates the main problems when keeping cyclamens in an apartment. In too hot conditions, they stop blooming and strive to shed their leaves. Fortunately, modern breeding is aimed at improving heat resistance, and many varieties are specially selected for apartments with central heating.

The genus Cyclamen has 15 to 55 plant species of the Primulaceae family. The homeland of plants is Central Europe, the Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Iran.

Cyclamen root juice is also used to treat sinusitis.

Types of cyclamen

shrub growing on rocky ravines in northern Algeria and Tunisia. Cyclamen African is a vigorous plant with large, rough, bright green, hard leaves up to 15cm long and wide. The leaves grow directly from the tubers, and this is one of the main differences between this species and the ivy cyclamen. The leaves are very large, often exceeding 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. Flowers usually appear in front of or with young leaves between September and November, and as leaves emerge almost straight from the tubers at 11-22cm (4-8 inches). Petals from pale pink to dark pink.

Colchis cyclamen he is pontic (Cyclamen colchicum, Cyclamen ponticum) from Abkhazia is the geographical race of the European cyclamen with more small flowers and leaves without a pattern.

Cyclamen kosky (Cyclamen coum Mill, Cyclamen orbiculatum Mill) - named for the island of Kos in the Aegean Sea, located next to Turkey. The plant is distributed from Bulgaria to northern Syria and Iran. Separate populations are found in the Crimea and the Caucasus. A plant with dark brown, velvety tubers. The roots grow from the bottom of the tuber. Leaves appear in the fall, hibernate under the snow. This very variable species is characterized by a tuber with roots growing only from below, and a limb of the petal, sharply widened from the base, where there is a dark speck. Certain patterns are observed in the change in the color of the petals, the size of the flowers and the shape of the leaves: kidney-shaped leaves and pale pink flowers in plants from southern Turkey and Syria, bright pink - on Black sea coast Turkey, further to the east, the flowers become larger, and the leaves are narrower. Finally, the most big flowers and narrow, heart-shaped leaves, found in plants from the shores of the Caspian in southern Azerbaijan and Iran. There are many options for the silvery leaf pattern. Blooms in late March - early April for about 30 days. In culture since 1597. Cyclamen kosky with kidney-shaped leaves and small flowers, is found on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory and in Abkhazia.

Cyclamen "Alpine violet" (Cyclamen creticum) - characteristic of the Greek island of Crete, where it grows in shady places, protected from the sun.

... This species is endemic to Cyprus and one of three cyclamen species found on the island (along with Cyclamen persicum and Cycamen graecum). Cypriot cyclamen is found in the Troodos and Kyrenia mountains, as well as in the Paphos region at an altitude of 50-1200 m.It is usually found under trees on rocky soils. Does not occur on the Mesaoria plain.
Plants are perennial. The height of Cypriot cyclamen is 7-15 cm. The flowers are fragrant, white or pale pink, at the base of the petals there is a purple or purple spot. The leaves are simple, heart-shaped. Flowering begins in mid or late September and lasts until January, less often until March.
The cyclamen flower is one of the symbols of Cyprus. As an ornamental or houseplant, the species is grown far beyond the island.

- distributed in Greece, most of the Peloponnese, on the islands of the eastern part of the Aegean Sea, Crete, Rhodes, the southern coast of Turkey, and northern Cyprus. The color of the leaves is very varied and includes some of the brightest patterns and vibrant color combinations from around the genus. Cyclamen greek flowers appear either immediately in front of or with the leaves and range from pale pink to deep purple flowers, with a purple spot at the base.

- originally from North Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean regions. Heart-shaped, dark green leaves with gray and silvery-gray areas, flowers of different colors: pink, pale purple, red and purple. It has many varieties. This is the main species used in indoor floriculture.

Cyclamen European , or purple (Cyclamen europaeum, Cyclamen purpurascens) - a plant with a height of 10-15 cm. The tubers are rather large, 15 cm in diameter. Leaves are leathery, dark green with a silvery pattern on the upper side. Flowers with a pleasant aroma. It differs in that its tuber is covered with roots over the entire surface, the bud-shaped leaf has small notches along the edge, the bend of the petal gradually expands upward and is longer than that of the Kos one: up to 3.5 cm. Otherwise, the same variations in the color of the petals - from white to pink - and a pattern of leaves: from vague spots to a clear silvery pattern. It blooms not strictly in autumn, but starting in June or July, according to various sources. By the nature of its distribution, it stands out from the general row of cyclamens, inhabiting alpine meadows with limestone outcrops and mountain forests of Europe: from southeastern France to Poland, going north into the mountains of southern Germany. Grown in gardens, for example, in Ukraine. In culture since 1605. It has numerous forms with different colors of flowers, from white to carmine.

- grows in the mountains in southern Turkey. It is one of the most beautiful species of the genus. The large flowers, which appear between March and May, have a bright purple color, sometimes lilac-purple, with a chocolate-purple spot at the base of each petal. Leaves are wide, cordate, 2.3-7.8 cm long, 2-8.2 cm wide. They are always glossy, dark green with gray-green or whitish marble.

Cyclamen care

Lighting. Cyclamens are photophilous, but do not tolerate direct sunlight. It is better to keep them in partial shade. Grow well on the windowsills of western and eastern windows. South facing windows will require shading from direct sunlight. Plants may lack light at the northern exposure windows.

Temperature. A prerequisite for the normal development of plants and their abundant flowering is a light and cool content in winter (about 10 ° C, no higher than 12-14 ° C). In summer, the preferred temperature is in the region of 18-25 ° C (the pot with the plant can be taken out in a shady place and dug in

Watering. During flowering, the plant is watered abundantly or moderately, with soft, settled water, avoiding both waterlogging and overdrying of the earthen coma. The plant should be watered carefully, to the edge of the pot, trying not to soak the buds and tuber, and even better from the pallet. Do not allow water to enter the core of the plant - rotting of the tuber may occur. The water temperature should be 2-4 ° C below room temperature. After 1-2 hours, excess water is drained from the saucer so that the roots do not rot. After flowering, watering is gradually reduced, and by the beginning of summer, when all the leaves turn yellow and dry, and the tubers remain naked, water is rarely watered.

Spraying. Before the buds appear, the plants are sprayed from time to time. With the appearance of buds, spraying should be stopped, otherwise they may rot. To increase moisture, the plant can be placed on a pallet with damp moss, expanded clay or pebbles. In this case, the bottom of the pot should not touch the water. Water - it is better to use rainwater, filtered or settled.

Fertilizer. During the period of growing leaf mass before flowering, the plants are fed every 2 weeks with full mineral fertilizer. Cyclamens respond well to organic fertilizers. Do not give a lot of nitrogen fertilizers - tuberous roots can rot.

Bloom. Flowering continues for quite a long time. Depending on the variety and room conditions, it can start from the second half of October and last until the end of March. In the spring, at the end of flowering, the plants go into a dormant state (they begin to lose leaves). In this regard, watering is gradually reduced, and by the beginning of summer, when all the leaves turn yellow and dry, and the tubers remain naked, water is rarely watered. The room where the plants are located is regularly ventilated. It is even better to take the pots with tubers out to the garden or to the balcony in a place protected from the sun for this time. After a dormant period (late summer - early autumn), the plants are placed in a bright, cool place and watering is gradually increased.

Another option for storing the tuber until the new winter season is as follows. After the end of flowering, watering is significantly reduced. Then, after the leaves have fallen off, the cyclamen pot is placed on its side and kept in this position until the next season.

Cyclamen grows for 10-15 years and can produce up to 70 flowers annually. Faded and wilted flowers are removed along with the peduncle. As the flowers wilt and the leaves turn yellow, they are pinched off (but not cut off) at the tuber itself. The break points must be well sprinkled with charcoal powder.

Transfer. In late summer and autumn, when small heart-shaped leaves begin to sprout from the tuber, the plants are brought into the room and transplanted into a wide bowl with a fresh, loose mixture of leaf earth, humus, peat and sand (2-3: 1: 1: 1). The substrate can consist of 2 parts of leaf, 1 part of well-decomposed humus soil and 0.5 part of sand. The acidity of the substrate (pH) should be around 5.5-6. At a higher pH (about 7), plants become susceptible to various fungal diseases. In the process of transplanting, they are monitored so as not to damage the roots, and decayed roots are cut out. For 1 kg of substrate, you can add 0.4 g of ammonium nitrate, 1 g of superphosphate, 4 g of phosphate rock. Please note that when transplanting, the tuber must not be completely buried. One third or even half of the tuber should be above the soil surface, which will have a beneficial effect on the further flowering of the plant. Provide good drainage at the bottom of the pot.

Reproduction. It is quite difficult to propagate cyclamen at home. Amateurs usually resort to dividing the tuber. You can also grow it from seed, but you will have to wait longer before flowering.

To obtain good full-fledged seeds at home, artificial (preferably cross) pollination is necessary. With a soft brush, take pollen from the flower of one plant and transfer it to the stigma of the pistil of another; if there is one plant, then the pollen from one flower is transferred to the stigma of another. This procedure is repeated 2-3 times for greater reliability. The best time for pollination is the morning hours of a clear sunny day, as in this case the ovaries form faster. At this time, it would be good to feed the plants with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (1 g of superphosphate and 0.5 g of potassium sulfate per 1 liter of water). Seeds should not be dried after harvesting, otherwise the germination rate will greatly decrease.

Cyclamen seeds are often commercially available, but they are significantly less reliable than their own. Their germination rate strongly depends not so much on the manufacturer as on the batch of seeds.

Cut (plucked) flowers of cyclamen stand well in water (1-2 weeks). The water in the vase needs to be changed after 2-3 days. After cutting, the ends of the peduncles are dissected lengthwise for 2-3 days. This lengthens the cutting period to 2-3 weeks.

To obtain good full-fledged seeds at home, artificial (preferably cross) pollination is necessary. With a soft brush, take pollen from the flower of one plant and transfer it to the stigma of the pistil of another; if there is one plant, then the pollen from one flower is transferred to the stigma of another. This procedure is repeated 2-3 times for greater reliability. The best time for pollination is the morning hours of a clear sunny day, as in this case the ovaries form faster. At this time, it would be good to feed the plants with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers (1 g of superphosphate and 0.5 g of potassium sulfate per 1 liter of water).

The optimal time for sowing seeds of C. persian is August, since in summer it has a dormant period.

Before sowing, seeds can be poured with a 5% sugar solution and only those that have sunk to the bottom can be taken (those that have emerged are not suitable). Also, the seeds are soaked in a zircon solution for a day.

The substrate is used light, for example, they mix leafy soil and peat in a 1: 1 ratio, or peat and vermiculite (1: 1).

Seeds are laid out on the surface of a moistened substrate and sprinkled with a thin layer of earth (0.5 - 1 cm). No light is needed for seeds to germinate, so they can be covered with an opaque film. Optimum temperature for germination +20 degrees, if it is higher, then germination is inhibited and the seeds may go into "hibernation"; the temperature should not be lowered below + 18 ° C either, since the seeds will simply rot at this temperature. It is necessary to monitor the moisture content of the soil and periodically ventilate the container with seeds.

Usually at a temperature of + 20 ° C, seedlings germinate in 30-40 days. After the seedlings germinate, remove the shading, place in a well-lit place, without direct sunlight, and lower the temperature to + 15-17 ° C.

When the seedlings form small nodules with two or three leaves (approximately in December), they are dived into a container with a mixture of leafy earth, peat and sand (2: 1: 0.5). When picking, the nodules are covered with earth, while in an adult cyclamen, the top of the tuber usually does not fall asleep. A week after the pick, they can be fed with flower fertilizers in a half-diluted dose. You can feed it with 0.2% (2 g / l) ammonium sulfate solution, and after another 10 days - with 0.1% (1 g / l) potassium nitrate.

In April-May, they are transplanted into individual pots.

Cyclamens grown from seeds bloom 13-15 months after sowing.

Precautionary measures

Persian cyclamen, especially its tubers, contains toxic substances. May cause vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions.

Possible difficulties

The plant can be attacked by a grape weevil, while stems break and die(regularly check the earthen mixture - a cream-colored larva with brown heads is this pest).

When watering with hard water leaf blades turn yellow and the petioles remain normal.

With waterlogged soil, especially when watering from above, peduncles and leaf stalks rot, the plants die.

When moisture stagnates, rotting tuber.

If the air humidity is high in a cold room and if the air circulation is poor, gray rot in the form of fluffy growths on flowers and buds.

The plant can be affected by the cyclamen mite, while its leaves are deformed or remain small in size, the flowers wither, the buds bend, the peduncles become crooked. It is impossible to get rid of the tick; the affected plant must be destroyed immediately.

Cyclamen does not tolerate temperatures above 17 ° C, therefore, due to warm and dry air (or due to insufficient watering and direct sunlight) leaves turn yellow and fall general wilting of the plant may occur.

Useful properties of cyclamen

According to a number of authors, cyclamen stabilizes the hormonal system, normalizes menstruation, enhances potency in men, and helps in the treatment of infertility. It works well for people with a violation of the heart rhythm, immune system, helps diabetics and allergy sufferers. The cyclamen root has been used since ancient times for rheumatism and poisonous snake bites. Since ancient times, the Mediterranean species of cyclamen have been used by medicine as a remedy against poisoning. In Europe, they were mainly used externally for the treatment of gout, migraine, rheumatism. Bulgarian herbalists recommend an aqueous infusion (1 tablespoon of chopped tubers is poured with 2 cups of boiling water, after 4-5 hours, filtered and drunk for two days) and alcohol tincture (1 g of raw material is poured with 10 ml of 70% alcohol, insisted for 7 days, taken 30-40 drops 2-3 times a day) for menstrual irregularities and related nervous disorders, with neuralgia, digestive problems, colic, flatulence, rheumatic pains.

For medicinal purposes, cyclamen is used with great care, since it is poisonous.

Discuss cyclamen on the forum

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It is believed that cyclamen is difficult to grow and maintain at home. Often, after buying and ending flowering, he does not live long and dies. But with proper care, cyclamen can grow for more than 10 years and bloom brightly and continuously every year.

Conditions for growing at home

Illumination

Cyclamen loves light, but not hot, direct rays. On windowsills on the south side, it needs shading, so the plant will be better off near southwestern, western or eastern windows with bright diffused light. V summer period the cyclamen is transferred to the balcony or garden terrace, in a shaded place.

Temperature

The culture does not tolerate high air temperatures. Optimum parameters for growth and development are 12-15 ° C. When the temperature rises above 18-20 ° C, it reacts negatively. With more high temperature and dry air, you need to increase the humidity so that the plant does not die. The pots are placed in trays with wet expanded clay or pebbles, or the air is periodically sprayed around the plants. Cyclamens should not be placed near radiators or other heating devices.

The soil

For planting, a light nutritious substrate is suitable, which is well permeable to water and air. The soil mixture is prepared from equal parts of leafy earth, humus, sand and peat. You can buy ready-made soil specifically for cyclamen in the store. The acidity level of the soil for cyclamens should be at the level of 5.5-6.5pH.

Growing from seeds

Seed-grown cyclamen is more hardy than store-bought cyclamen. From birth he is adapted to the conditions of the home environment.

You can sow cyclamens all year round, but the best period is February-March. At this time, daylight hours increase and the seedlings do not need additional lighting.

Containers and loose soil for crops are prepared in advance. The seeds of the cyclamen are large, with a dense skin. Previously, they are soaked for a day in water or a solution of growth stimulants. Then they are embedded in a moist substrate to a depth of 0.5 cm. The containers are covered with foil to keep the soil moist. The crops are aired daily and the presence of seedlings is checked. They germinate unevenly, the first seedlings appear within 2-4 weeks. Favorable conditions are created for young plants: they select a well-lit place, control soil moisture, preventing drying out, make sure that young nodules are completely covered with earth. The shelter from the crops is removed when they get stronger, they completely spread their leaves. During this period, within 1-2 months, the root system of cyclamens intensively develops. Through the walls of transparent containers, you can see how the roots gradually fill the soil, which means that it's time to plant the plants.

Seedlings are convenient to dive into plastic cups volume of 200 ml. A drainage hole is made at the bottom, then they are filled with nutritious moist soil. Plants are watered before picking, one at a time is removed from the common nursery and transplanted into cups. The first time after picking, the seedlings are watered when the soil dries up a little. For normal growth, cyclamens are provided with the necessary conditions: diffused sunlight, coolness, watering and feeding. The growing cycle of indoor cyclamens lasts 10-12 months. Therefore, if sowing was carried out, for example, in February, then in a year you can get a flowering plant.

Do you want to buy a cyclamen?

In order for the cyclamen to become a long-liver at home, when buying, you need to choose the right healthy specimen. Do not be afraid to be picky, because often the finished plant from the store begins to be capricious and dies. What do you need to pay attention to first?

1. The plant should not be waterlogged. If the pot is heavy and water is leaking from the bottom, it is possible that this watering regime is common practice in this store. Excess moisture is detrimental to the tuber. Better not to risk it and buy the flower elsewhere.
2. The root system must be healthy without soft parts... By lifting the pot with a plant, you can assess its condition. The presence of many tough white roots protruding from the drainage holes is a good sign.
3. The plant should not have yellow, lethargic and spotted leaves. You must refuse to buy such copies, even if they are sold at a large discount. These cyclamens are unlikely to be friends.
4. In a healthy cyclamen, the tuber is hard on all sides. If the plant has a lot of buds and young leaves, this also confirms the viability of the tuber.

Ready-made cyclamens are usually bought in late autumn or winter, so they are well packaged in the store so that the plants do not die during transportation due to the cold.

In order for the flower to adapt better at home, it must be transplanted from the storey soil as soon as possible. If this cannot be done in short time, then at the plant, the top of the tuber is freed from the soil and placed in a cool place. During this period, you need to be careful with watering, since store cyclamens are sold in peat and it is easy to make a mistake and fill in a new flower. But still, with the transplant of a purchased plant, you should not delay.

Care

Watering

During flowering, cyclamen is watered abundantly, avoiding waterlogging. During the rest period, watering is reduced, but the soil should not dry out. Water for irrigation is used at room temperature.

Do not pour the tuber and the base of the petioles. Also, cyclamen does not like when water gets on the leaves. It is carefully poured into the edge of the pot, and preferably from below through the pallet. The immersion method can be used. The pots are lowered into containers of water to the level of the soil and left until the water reaches the soil surface through the drainage holes. Then the pots are raised, placed so that excess moisture in the glass and then transferred to a permanent place.

Top dressing

Cyclamen is fed during the initial growth and flowering once every 2-3 weeks with liquid fertilizer for flowering plants. During the period of growing leaves, plants can be watered 1-2 times with a weak solution organic fertilizers, for example, a well-fermented mullein. It is diluted with water at a concentration of 1:30. But you should not get carried away with nitrogen fertilizers. Overfed plants have little resistance to diseases and pests, and bloom poorly. During budding and flowering, cyclamen should receive enough potassium and phosphorus. During the dormant period, the plants are not fed.

Transfer

The transplant is carried out infrequently, they do it in the following cases:

• after the purchase finished plant in the shop;
• if the soil is infected with pests, pathogens, and replacing the top layer does not give a result;
• when replacing an old cramped pot with a new one.

In the latter case, cyclamens are transplanted in August and early autumn, after a dormant period. The containers are not selected too large, given the age of the plant. Optimal distance from the walls to the tuber - 3-4 cm.For a two-three-year-old plant, a pot with a diameter of 15 cm is suitable.

Having prepared the containers, drainage and soil, they begin to transplant. The cyclamen is carefully removed from the pot, shaken off the earth from the roots. If there are rotten roots, then they are removed. Expanded clay is placed at the bottom of the pot, a substrate is poured and a plant is placed in it. For Persian cyclamens, it is important not to completely bury the tuber when transplanting. It should protrude 1/3 from the ground. The tuber of European cyclamen is buried completely.

Features of care during the rest period

In winter and early spring, cyclamen has the most intense period of development and growth. After flowering, preparations begin for the dormant period. The cyclamen does not form new leaves, the old ones begin to turn yellow and wither. Leaves can only be removed after they are completely dry themselves. Care at this time is minimal, no feeding or moisture is needed. It is watered a little and rarely - once every 2 weeks, so that the tuber does not dry out at all. The pots are transferred to a dark place. The air temperature required for plants at this time is 15-17 ° C.

The dormant state lasts from mid-spring to early autumn.... The fact that the cyclamen begins to wake up is evident from the appearance of new leaves on the tuber. The plant is brought out into the light, they begin to water more often, if necessary, transplant and resume normal care.

Some care questions

Why does cyclamen fade and turn yellow?

Dry and warm air in the apartment negatively affects the state of the cyclamen, especially in winter, when heating devices are working. Yellow spots appear on the leaves and the flowers can look strong and healthy.

Yellowing can begin due to lack or, conversely, excess moisture.

The appearance of pests weakens the plant, the aboveground parts look lifeless, wither and dry.

Yellowing and wilting of the leaves also develops due to the long exposure of the cyclamen in bright and direct sunlight.

Another reason is the natural death of shoots and leaves after flowering. This is how the plant begins to prepare for rest.

Why doesn't cyclamen bloom?

For Persian cyclamens, one of the reasons for the lack of flowers is the incorrect planting of the tuber. A third or half of the tuber of the plant should be on the surface of the soil.

Lack of nutrients or frequent use nitrogen fertilizer also badly affects flowering.

Another one possible reason- planting cyclamen in large pots, this can slow down the onset of flowering.

Reproduction

Cyclamen is propagated by seeds, dividing the tuber and dividing by daughter tubers.

The seed method is suitable for all types of indoor cyclamens.

Tuber division

In this way, adult specimens are propagated. After 7–8 years, many cyclamens lose their decorative effect and need rejuvenation. The dormant tuber is divided. It is taken out of the ground and dried. He must be healthy and free from damage. It is cut into several pieces with a sharp knife. Each section should have a kidney and part of the roots. The slices are sprinkled with crushed charcoal and dried within 24 hours. Then the tubers are transplanted into separate pots with moist soil. The pots are placed in a shaded place, watered moderately to prevent decay.

Division by daughter tubers

This breeding method is suitable for European cyclamen. Over time, small daughter nodules form around the mother tuber. They are easily separated from the main tuber during transplantation. They are planted in separate pots and cared for as young plants.

Pests and diseases

Wet rot

Bacteria, getting into the tissue of the flower, destroy the plant: the peduncles and leaves become lethargic, an unpleasant odor appears. The roots also die off. It is necessary to get rid of the diseased plant.

Gray rot

In the damp and cold air, fungi begin to multiply. A gray bloom appears on flowers and leaves. Then the affected leaves turn yellow, the stems darken and disappear. The diseased parts must be removed and the plant treated with fungicides. Read more

Fusarium wilting

Outwardly, the disease begins with yellowing of the tops of the leaves, although at first the fungi enter the ground and affect the roots and lower parts of the stem. In the fight against the disease, foundationol is used. The soil under the root is watered with a 0.1% solution of the drug. Read more about the methods of combating fusarium.

Cyclamen mite

The most common cyclamen pest. Unlike ticks that infect other flower crops, this pest is very small, 0.1–0.3 mm in size. Habitat - Bottom part leaves. In mass congestion, the plant appears to be covered in dust. Leaves begin to curl, buds and flowers wither and growth slows down. The affected leaves are removed.

Aphid

Also disfigures plants. Sucking the juices from leaves and stems, insects leave a sticky transparent discharge. If the colonies of pests are few, the plants are washed with soapy water. Insecticides help with severe damage

Thrips

Small flying insects 1–1.5 mm long. Lay colorless eggs on the underside of the leaves. The larvae feed on plant juices from the petioles, leaves and flowers. Brown spots appear on them, the flowers are deformed and bent. Thrips are carriers of viruses. Plants are sprayed with chemicals twice with an interval of 5-6 days.

It is very pleasant to grow or receive a blooming cyclamen as a gift in winter or before the spring holidays. When it is cold and cloudy outside the window, delicate pink, white, lilac flowers cheer up and remind of warmth, summer and sun.

You can also watch a video about the features of cyclamen care.

Cyclamen forest is a wonderful wild plant. It has very unusual flowers, original in shape, with a unique smell. The leaves of this plant species are most often green, sometimes with an ash pattern with a wavy or jagged edge.

Forest species of cyclamen can be found in many parts of the world. The growing conditions of forest cyclamens are very different from each other. Some types of cyclamen in nature grow among the rocks, others in the forest, some on the slopes of the mountains. Plants have learned to adapt to their environment. So, flowers growing in impenetrable spruce forests, where the crown of trees poorly transmits sunlight, are accustomed to be content with twilight and are not demanding good lighting... Cyclamens growing among rocks, where there is little fertile soil, receive some of the nutrients from the tuber, and moisture from the air. Especially difficult conditions for the survival of flowers growing on forest slopes. The land is loose, in spring and during a particularly humid period, after rains, landslides occur. In this situation, it often happens that the root of the forest cyclamen is at a depth of 15 cm. In this case, the plant grows a stem of the required length, which carries the bud to the surface of the earth. The height of flowering cyclamens is usually about 10 cm. In some species, flowers appear earlier than leaves, most often they are plants blooming in autumn. In other, spring and summer species, leaves and flowers appear together.

A few decades ago, flowers of forest cyclamens could be picked near cities. These plants grew everywhere and were considered to be quite common forest flowers. Every spring, flower girls sold small bouquets of raspberry and lilac wild cyclamens in the markets, which filled the air around them with a heady scent. Forest cyclamen dug up, brought home and grown in their gardens.

In the future, through complex selection, experienced florists bred new, more hardy and unique varieties. Cyclamen tubers were used by healers for the preparation of their medicines. Currently, their populations have decreased several times, many species are now on the verge of extinction. But, to this day, this flowering herb can be found in protected, little-visited by people, inaccessible areas. Of course, when you suddenly meet somewhere in the forest or on rocks among the stones an island of forest cyclamens, your heart skips with delight and then you remember these amazing flowers for a long time.

Until now, the wild form of cyclamen can be found in Central Europe, Iran, the countries of the Mediterranean and Asia Minor. In our country, forest cyclamens such as the Colchis cyclamen and Kuznetsov's cyclamen grow in the forests. Now also endangered plant species and they are included in the Red Book. The halo of their habitat is very narrow. So, the Colchis cyclamen is widespread in the south of the Western Caucasus, and Kuznetsov's cyclamen only in some regions of the Crimea. Colchis cyclamen grows in subalpine forests on limestone rocks. It blooms from August to October. It has heart-shaped leaves that are dark green on top and reddish on the back. The flowers of this species are pink with a burgundy spot at the base of the petal, with a scent reminiscent of lily of the valley. Cyclamen Kuznetsova prefers beech, oak, hornbeam and ash forests with fertile soils. Its leaves are oval, green with gray spots on the upper side and purple on the bottom. It blooms in spring in March - February with pink or white flowers, bent back. They have a lilac spot at the base and have a strong scent.

Forest cyclamens are very different in appearance from large ones. bright colors cyclamens grown in home care. Wild species of cyclamen have smaller and paler flowers than those of ornamental plants. Sometimes, their nondescript flowers are so different from their room brothers that their relationship can only be determined by a slightly similar shape. But still, forest cyclamens are, although modest, but rather gentle and cute creatures. The most important virtue of these wild plants is the honey aroma that almost all of them possess. True, some of their relatives of indoor species, when flowering, exude a pleasant aroma, but it is usually very weak.

Forest cyclamens are huge and miniature, it depends on the favorable climate of their habitat.

The largest among wild species cyclamen, is an African cyclamen (Cyclamen africanum). The homeland of this flower is Algeria and Tunisia. It grows in rocky areas, among thickets of bushes. This plant has leaves up to 15 cm long and up to 10 cm wide in diameter. The root of this cyclamen grows very quickly and reaches a large size. The flowers of the African cyclamen appear on the bare tuber. This happens in the month of September. The blossoming flowers have a variation of shades from light pink to dark pink. They are quite large up to 8 cm and are located on a long, strong peduncle. Plant height reaches 22 cm. Bright green leathery leaves appear after flowers. After the end of flowering, the leaves of the plant also die off, a period of complete dormancy begins.

Small-flowered cyclamen (Cyclamen parviflorym) has a wide habitat. This flower can be found in the rocky gorges of northern Turkey and in the spruce forests of central Russia among mosses and lichens. The usual conditions for the growth and development of a plant of this species are fertile, humus-rich leafy soil, high humidity and dusk under the crowns of age-old trees. The leaves of the small-flowered cyclamen are not at all large, rounded, matte with diameters from 15 to 30 mm. They are located on short cuttings and are dark green in color. The flowers of this type of cyclamen are small, petals are 4 to 10 mm in length. The range of flower shades is wide - from pale lilac and pink to deep pink. Each petal of a small-flowered cyclamen has a burgundy spot at the base.

Forest cyclamens are unique flowers, which are less and less common in our forests. And it depends on each of us whether our descendants will see them. If, while wandering through the forest, you accidentally stumble upon these fantastic flowers, stop, admire them and leave them to grow in their native place!

plantinpot.ru

Cyclamen (wild) tuber

It is necessary to drip drops / oil in the morning and in the evening, 2-3 drops into each nostril, massage the sinuses outside. Lie for 10 minutes, then drink a glass of hot infusion of herbs "Anti-infectious" or "With a cold, sinusitis" with honey and lemon juice. With the beginning of the application of the drops, the nose will be cleared by copious secretions. Additionally, wash the sinuses with an aqueous solution of dead sea salt. Use drops or oil for a course of 7 days, repeat after a 7-day break. With chronic sinusitis, adenoids, polyps in the nose, carry out 3 such courses. You can repeat the course in 2 months.

dlazdorovia.ru

Cyclamen tubers

Forest cyclamen, wild, collected in the forests of the Republic of Adygea. The flower is small - pink, lilac or purple, the aroma is light, pleasant. Tubers can be planted in the garden (cover for the winter with a layer of leaves), indoor pot. But it is mainly used to prepare drops of cyclamen for the treatment of sinusitis.

In the nodules of cyclamen, a miraculous power is hidden, which returns us to health and youth! It acts through the ability of our body to cleanse itself, helps to cleanse the sinuses of the huge amount of pus that accumulates in it. This condition is called sinusitis, and not only those who know about it, but also those who seem to breathe calmly through their nose, but ... snore at night suffer from it. It also affects those who have heart disease, asthma, chronic bronchitis.

How to prepare drops from cyclamen tubers?

Tubers are cleaned of leaves and fibrous roots, cleaned with a brush, and washed thoroughly. Squeeze the juice through a juicer and dilute with cold bottled water 1: 4 (i.e. 200 ml of water should be taken for 50 ml of juice). The finished drops have a very high concentration. If you are using cyclamen for the first time, you should dilute the oil 1:20 with eucalyptus hydrolate (or water at room temperature) - check the tolerance. If the burning is weak, you can increase the concentration, for example, 1:10. Thus, everyone feels for himself an individual concentration of the solution. With good tolerance, it is recommended to use drops of the initial concentration.

How to make cyclamen oil?

Cut the peeled, washed and dried tubers into small pieces, fill the container halfway, pour in a stable base oil (grape seed, olive). Insist 1 month in a dark, cool place. Strain, squeeze through a press. If you are using cyclamen for the first time or will drip to a child (from 5 years old), then you should dilute the oil 1: 5 with an infusion of eucalyptus (or any base vegetable oil, for example, olive oil) - check the tolerance. If the burn is weak, you can increase the concentration, for example, 1: 2. Thus, everyone feels for himself an individual concentration of the solution. If well tolerated, it is recommended to use the original concentration of oil.

How to use ready-made drops and cyclamen oil for the treatment of sinusitis, rhinitis?

Cyclamen drops are intended for the treatment of adults, oil is preferable for children.

It is necessary to drip drops / oil in the morning and in the evening, 2-3 drops into each nostril, massage the sinuses outside. Lie for 10 minutes, then drink a glass of hot infusion of herbal preparations No. 52 "Anti-infectious" or No. 47 "With a cold, sinusitis" with honey and lemon juice. With the beginning of the application of the drops, the nose will be cleared by copious secretions. Additionally, wash the sinuses with an aqueous solution of dead sea salt. Use drops or oil for a course of 7 days, repeat after a 7-day break. With chronic sinusitis, adenoids, polyps in the nose, carry out 3 such courses. You can repeat the course in 2 months.

Contraindications: pregnancy, lactation, for oil, children up to 5 years old, for drops up to 7 years.

The plant is poisonous! Keep out of the reach of children! Do not put drops in your eyes! In case of contact with eyes, rinse thoroughly. warm water.

The shelf life of drops and cyclamen oil is 1 year. Store drops and oil in the refrigerator.

Storage of tubers: several days in the refrigerator, monitor their condition.

Planting cyclamen tubers in open ground

In the shade of shrubs or deciduous trees, in a mixture of sod and leafy soil with the addition of crushed limestone, crushed lime, good drainage is required. In central Russia, light shelter with leaves is needed for the winter; shelter is not required to the south. In autumn, the soil should be fertilized with good quality compost. With proper care and a good planting site, cyclamen will sow and produce new plants. You can place cyclamens on an alpine slide, only in the shade of stones or small bushes. They look good in large arrays among large stones and butt of old trees, other ephemeroids will make a pleasant company to them: crocuses, snowdrops, crocus flowers, as well as non-aggressive primroses.

Planting cyclamen tubers indoors in a pot

The tubers can also be planted in commercial potting soil. The potting regime is basically the same for everyone. North and east windows are preferable, and on the south, plants need a shade. The soil is a mixture of leafy earth, sand and loam in a ratio of 2: 1: 1. The tuber is buried partially, if the roots are located on its lower side, or completely, if they cover the entire tuber, as in European and ivy-leaved cyclamens. Water regularly when the plants begin to grow, add fertilizer during flowering, and almost stop watering when the leaves begin to wilt and the plant is about to rest. Only young specimens with small tubers that can dry out need rare watering and during dormancy. It is not recommended to pour water directly onto the tuber for them - this can cause rotting of the growing point, and then the whole plant. The flowering time of potted cyclamens depends on the conditions of detention (watering regime, lighting, temperature), but, in general, falls on the cold season - from autumn to spring.

ATTENTION! The size of the expelled tubers is inevitably different in weight and size, with a diameter of about 3-8 cm.

adenoids nasal polyps, tonsillitis, coryza, sinusitis

marislavna.ru

Cyclamen

Cyclamen is a perennial herb up to 30 cm high. Tuberous root flat shape, up to 15 cm in diameter, has one growth point. Leaves are heart-shaped, leathery, with a characteristic silvery pattern, collected in a basal rosette on long brown petioles. In February-March, the plant blooms. Several peduncles appear, they are about the same length as the leaf petioles. Cyclamen flowers - drooping with a double perianth, bisexual, five-petal, shaped like a butterfly. The corolla tube is white on the outside, with three dark purple stripes on the inside. Corolla lobes bent towards the tube with a small purple spot. Depending on the type, the corolla comes in different shades: from cream to dark red, raspberry or purple. The fruit of the cyclamen is a spherical, with 6-7 teeth, a folding box, thanks to the spiral twisting of the stalk, it practically lies on the ground. Seeds of cyclamen are brown, angular, hemispherical. Fruit ripening occurs in May-June.

Depending on the timing of flowering, two groups of cyclamen species are distinguished: spring-flowering (Kuznetsov's cyclamen, kosky cyclamen, spring cyclamen) and autumn-flowering (European cyclamen (its popular name is Georgian dryak), ivy cyclamen and others). Cyclamen European or purple cyclamen plant lovers also call "alpine violet". In indoor floriculture, varieties and hybrid forms of Persian cyclamen are grown, which amaze with the magnificence and variety of colors, an abundance of flowers. Indoors, the plant pleases with its flowering all autumn-winter period until the beginning of spring. For medicinal purposes, the root of the forest cyclamen is most often used, although it is believed that all species have medicinal properties.

Cyclamen is a plant that attracts many amateur flower growers with its general decorativeness, compactness, abundance and duration of flowering. Moreover, his buds open in late autumn or even winter, when most indoor plants go into hibernation. It cannot be called overly whimsical, but it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the requirements for the conditions of detention in advance. There are many natural flower varieties and breeding hybrids. Every florist will be able to find a plant to his liking, ideally suited to any interior. Taking into account the peculiarities of caring for cyclamen at home, even a beginner can get abundant and long flowering.

What does cyclamen look like

Cyclamen is a perennial tuberous herb from the Mirsinovy ​​family, cultivated as a houseplant in the Russian climate. In the “wild” form, it is found on the Mediterranean, Black Sea and Caspian coasts, in North Africa, southern Europe, and the Middle East. In nature, there are more than 60 varieties of cyclamen, of which about twenty have been successfully "domesticated". There are also many breeding hybrids. Work in this direction has been going on for a long time, since the middle of the 19th century.

In nature, cyclamens often form a solid green carpet.

The name "cyclamen" comes from the Greek "circle". The plant got it thanks to the characteristic spherical shape of the rhizomes. It is also often referred to as a grudge. There is also an unofficial nickname - "pork bread". Wild cyclamen tubers are very fond of feasting on wild boars. They are not large, on average they grow up to 4–5 cm in diameter. Although there are instances of "record holders" reaching 12-15 cm.

In tubers, cyclamen stores water and nutrients, which are then consumed during the dormant period.

The leaves of the plant are heart-shaped, with the edges cut out by a clove, painted in a rich dark green color. They are collected in a fairly compact outlet. In most varieties, the leaf blade is covered with silvery-white or grayish strokes and stripes, reminiscent of a pattern on marble.

Even if the cyclamen did not bloom, the plant would still be in demand by amateur flower growers due to the unusual variegated color of the leaves.

Cyclamen belongs to the category of ephemeroid plants. This means that they bloom during the cold season. Moreover, the more frost-resistant the variety, the later its buds open. The flowers, located on thin pedicels, rise above the rosette of leaves. Pedicel length averages 30 cm in common varieties and 12-15 cm in dwarf varieties.

Cyclamen flowers have an unusual shape, the petals are strongly bent back

Due to the characteristic shape and bent petals, the flowers resemble butterflies fluttering over the plant. Their coloration ranges from pure white to deep purple, including all shades of pink, purple and red. The flowers are bisexual, pollination can be carried out without problems at home. Each plant gradually opens 60–100 buds per season. The lifespan of each of them is 10–12 days. The flowers emit a light, unobtrusive scent reminiscent of lilies of the valley. Breeders have bred variegated and terry varieties, as well as varieties with a fringed border of petals.

In "natural" cyclamens, petals are most often mauve, breeders have greatly expanded the color range

After flowering, around March-April, the cyclamen sheds its leaves. The presence of a dormant period is a guarantee of abundant flowering in the next season. There are growth buds on the tubers, from which new leaves and pedicels form at the end of summer.

Cyclamen is a flower highly respected by adherents of the Feng Shui teachings. They believe that if you put it in a bedroom or in a children's room, you can save its inhabitants from problems with the heart and blood vessels, increase immunity, get rid of allergies and even infertility. In a child, the plant is able to relieve attacks of uncontrolled aggression and moodiness, to help overcome shyness.

Cyclamen tubers are widely used in folk medicine... In ancient Greece, they were recommended as a remedy for migraines, bites poisonous snakes and in general from any poisoning. And the gruel was applied to sore joints for the treatment of gout, rheumatism, arthritis, sciatica. But self-medication is not worth it. The tubers of the Persian cyclamen and all hybrids derived from it are poisonous. You can earn not only vomiting, indigestion and diarrhea, but also convulsions, neuralgia.

In Europe and the United States, cyclamens are often cultivated as "disposable" plants. Faded specimens are simply thrown away and new ones are bought. But with proper care, it is quite possible to extend the period of the "productive life" of a plant to 10-15 years and to achieve annual flowering from it.

Where the climate permits, cyclamens are widely used in landscape design

Video: description of cyclamen

Popular varieties with photos

Most often, cyclamens, bred by selection, are grown at home. But the "wild" varieties are quite suitable for this. They are simply much less common on the market.

"Natural" cyclamens:

• African. One of the largest, forms a rare rosette of leaves. Prefers a rather "poor", stony substrate. The flowering period is in autumn. The color of the petals ranges from pastel pink and pale lilac to deep crimson. The leaves are rough to the touch, large (up to 15 cm in length). Compared to other cyclamens, it stands out for its growth rate.
• Balearic. Natural dwarf. The height of the plant does not exceed 20 cm. The reverse side of the leaf is crimson, closer to the base it is maroon. The flowers are snow-white or pinkish.
• Cilician. Does not tolerate direct sunlight, prefers shade. Small leaves are covered with silvery specks. The pale pink color at the tips of the petals gradually changes to a more intense color at the base.
• Kosky. A leaf plate without a pattern, with a single dark spot. The roots only grow from under the tubers. They themselves are dark brown, as if velvety to the touch. The flowers are pink or purple. The shape of the leaves and petals depends on the growing region. The closer to the southeast, the larger and brighter flowers and already sheet plates.
• Cypriot. An endemic plant found only on this island. The height of the rosette of leaves is 8–15 cm. Snow-white petals with an inky-lilac spot at the base. Of all the varieties, this one is the most fragrant. Flowering lasts almost six months - from mid-September to February or March.
• Greek. Natural mix of colors. There is always a purple spot at the base of the petal. And they themselves are painted in almost all shades inherent in culture - from snow-white and pinkish to lilac-scarlet.
• Neapolitan (ivy). Differs in frost resistance. It is found in the wild even on the territory of Russia. Where the climate permits, it is widely used in landscape design. It is easily identified by its characteristic ivy-shaped leaves. The flowers are pink-lilac. The buds open from December to March.
• Lebanese. Dark green leaves are dotted with small yellowish specks. The flowers are mauve.
• Small-colored. Pedicels are very short. Flowers no more than 2 cm in diameter. Leaves are also small. The petals are painted in different shades of lilac.
• Turkish. The leaves are small, but the flowers are very large. There is always a dark spot at the base of the petal. They themselves are painted reddish purple or purple.
• European. One of the largest cyclamen. The diameter of the tuber is about 15 cm, the height of the rosette is 20–25 cm. The leaves are streaked with silvery strokes, and there are spots of the same shade. Peduncles are very long. The buds bloom in the summer, not in the fall. He is the only one in the period of "rest" does not lose foliage, but only stops growing. The color of the petals ranges from almost white and pastel pink to bloody scarlet, the tips are twisted in a spiral. The aroma is pronounced, it may even seem harsh to someone.
• Pontic (Colchian). Natural variety of European cyclamen. It differs in that it has solid leaves and smaller flowers.
• Persian. The leaves are dark green, covered with a "pattern" of silvery spots and strokes. The petals are painted in different shades of pink, red, purple, purple. The active growing season lasts only 3-4 months, the rest of the time the plant is bare tubers.
• Alpine violet. The leaves are elongated, almost oval, with a grayish-green pattern. The petals are located at a 90 ° angle to the peduncle, so the flower resembles a propeller. Their aroma is delicate, unobtrusive, honey. Coloring - all shades of pink. There is always a purple spot at the base of the petal.

Photo gallery: naturally occurring cyclamen varieties

Light is vital for cyclamen, but he does not like direct sunlight

Planting and transplanting procedure

The cyclamen is transplanted every 2-3 years, at the beginning of the active growing season. That is, as a rule, the procedure takes place at the end of summer or autumn. Growth buds by this time "wake up", but have not yet had time to form leaves.

The cyclamen does not need a deep, voluminous pot. The root system is not able to "master" the space completely, as a result, its growth slows down. The best option for culture - a container that resembles a bowl or soup plate. Compared to the previous one, its diameter is increased by 2-3 cm. The distance from the tubers to the walls of the pot is 2.5–3 cm. A prerequisite is the presence of one or more drainage holes and a drainage layer at the bottom.

In the process of transplanting, it is advisable to carefully examine the underground part of the plant for the presence of suspicious symptoms.

The plant needs light, loose soil. But at the same time, it must be nutritious. Sometimes on sale it is possible to find a special primer for cyclamens. A self-prepared substrate is no worse. Plain sheet soil is mixed with humus, peat chips and coarse sand (5: 2: 1: 1). The plant does not like alkaline soil, so you can add sifted wood ash or chalk crushed to a powdery state (a glass for 3 liters of soil mixture). Alkalization also negatively affects the immunity of cyclamen, it becomes more susceptible to pathogenic fungi.

Any soil must be sterilized before use. It can be steamed, heated in the oven or frozen on the balcony in winter. The quickest way to spill the soil is with boiling water or a rich purple potassium permanganate solution.

There is nothing difficult about transplanting cyclamen. It differs little from a similar procedure for other indoor plants. Tubers in specimens up to two years old are completely immersed in the ground, in adult cyclamens they leave the upper third on the surface (some gardeners advise even half). They must be carefully shaken off the ground and carefully examined. Dead, decaying areas of tissue are cut out with a sharp sterile knife, "wounds" are treated, sprinkled with powdered activated carbon, cinnamon or smeared with greenery.

The transplanted cyclamen "comes to life" rather quickly

Some growers recommend transshipment of cyclamen. This method allows you to minimize the inevitable stress for the plant, but in this case there is no way to assess the condition of the tubers and notice the development of a dangerous disease in time.

Transplanted plants are not watered for 10-12 days until new leaves begin to form. At this time, flowers must be especially carefully protected from direct sunlight.

Regardless of the season, you need to transplant the newly purchased cyclamen as soon as possible. The procedure is carried out immediately after the plant has adapted to the new habitat. This usually takes 12-15 days. Such specimens are watered moderately, the roots are washed in warm water. For disinfection, they are soaked for a couple of hours in a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, then for the same amount in a biostimulator to strengthen immunity. Both purchased preparations (Epin, Kornevin, potassium humate) and folk remedies (aloe juice, honey diluted with water, succinic acid) are suitable.

Video: cyclamen transplant

Cyclamen care at home from A to Z

From a grower who wants to cultivate cyclamens and regularly admire flowers, nothing supernatural is required. The main thing to look out for is correct watering... Another prerequisite for abundant and long flowering is to provide an opportunity to "rest" during the summer.

For cyclamen, both waterlogging of the soil and its overdrying are harmful. In the first case, development is more than likely different types rot. In the second, the plant sheds buds and leaves. Often it is not advised to water the flower, usually once every 3-4 days is enough for it. Instead, it is recommended to increase the air humidity by all available means.

The best way to water cyclamen is through the sump. It is also permissible to moisten the soil around the edges of the pot. Water for this is used only soft, rain or thawed. If it is not possible to collect it, the tap is defended for at least a day, adding a few crystals citric acid or drops of apple cider vinegar per 10 liters. After 30-40 minutes after the procedure, excess moisture must be drained from the pallet. The optimum water temperature is 18–22 ° C, a couple of degrees below room temperature.

It is preferable to water the cyclamens through the sump, remembering to get rid of excess water

A strongly overdried cyclamen can be "reanimated" by watering it like an orchid. The pot with the plant is placed in a container with water of a slightly larger diameter so that the liquid does not reach its edge by 1–2 cm. They keep it in the bathroom for about an hour, having previously provided high humidity.

Of fertilizers, the culture prefers mineral fertilizing, although it also reacts well to natural organic matter. Any complex preparations for decorative flowering plants (Master, Bona Forte, Florovit) are suitable for cyclamen. Prolonged and prolonged flowering takes a lot of energy from the plant, therefore, during the active growing season, fertilizers are applied regularly, every 12-15 days.

Cyclamen does not have special requirements for what kind of fertilizer should be, but it needs regular feeding

From organic dressings, you can recommend the infusion wood ash... It is a source of phosphorus and potassium, macronutrients necessary for abundant and long-lasting flowering. But an excess of nitrogen for cyclamen is dangerous. He provokes him to actively build up the green mass to the detriment of the formation of buds. It can also cause rotting of tubers.

About half an hour before making any top dressing, the cyclamens need to be watered. Otherwise, the soil will quickly "saline".

Fading buds are gradually removed along with the peduncle. Do the same with yellowing wilting leaves. Moreover, they are not cut off, but pinched as close to the tubers as possible. "Wounds" are disinfected by sprinkling them with activated carbon powder.

The cut flowers of cyclamen can be used to make bouquets. In a vase, they remain fresh for 1.5–2 weeks if the water is changed regularly. You can extend this period for another 7-10 days if you cut the base of the peduncles by 4-5 cm lengthwise.

As soon as the cyclamen fades, watering is gradually reduced, reducing to zero by the time the bush has lost all the leaves. It is also impossible to fertilize "resting" plants. The pots are transferred to a cool, bright room, providing protection from direct sunlight. The room is regularly ventilated. Some gardeners recommend placing the pot on its side.

The growth point of the cyclamen is located at the top of the tuber; at the end of the dormant period, new leaves and pedicels are quickly formed

Video: how to care for a flower after purchase

Typical mistakes of a novice florist

Cyclamen is quite sensitive to conditions of detention. When they are less than optimal, the appearance of the plant deteriorates. But everything can be corrected if the florist realizes his mistake in time and understands what exactly it is.

Table: errors in the care of cyclamen and the reaction of the plant

What does a plant look like	What is the reason
"Wet" brown-black spots on tubers and leaf stalks	Root rot develops due to over-frequent and / or heavy watering. Especially if the room is cold
Yellowing leaves, continued flowering	Low air humidity and / or heat in the room, poor watering
Yellowing leaves and green petioles	Use for irrigation with hard, unsettled water
Yellowing and falling leaves	Heat, high humidity, constant exposure to direct sunlight
Brownish "dry" spots on leaves and flowers	Sunburn. Most likely, they were caused by drops of water falling on the plant during watering or spraying, which played the role of lenses that focused the rays
Short-term poor flowering or its complete absence	Lack of nutrients in the soil, too "poor" soil. Other options - low air humidity, irregular watering
Flowers "hiding" under the leaves	Too low temperature content, lack of light, excessive dampness in the room
Grayish "fluffy" bloom on buds and blossoming flowers	High humidity, cold and stale indoor air

Cyclamen reacts to errors in care with a deterioration in appearance

Common diseases and pests

Cyclamens suffer from diseases and pests quite often. Often the florist himself is to blame for this. Specimens grown in far from optimal conditions, which are not properly cared for, are distinguished by very low immunity. Dust on plants, crowding on the windowsill, neglect of sterilization of soil, containers and tools, other non-observance of "sanitary standards" contributes to the spread of pathogenic fungi and pests.

Table: diseases and pests typical of cyclamen

Disease or pest	Symptoms	Control measures
Fusarium	Leaves turn yellow starting from the tops. On the cuts of the petioles, black-brown blotches are visible - clogged vessels. The plant withers and dries up. Often, only one half of the outlet is affected, the second continues to grow	Weekly watering of cyclamen with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, adding sifted wood ash or crushed chalk to the soil for prevention. The disease can be treated only at an early stage of development - the aerial part is treated with Topsin-M, the substrate is spilled with Fundazol
Wet and root rot	The leaves are numb, lose their tone, and become covered with “wet” dark spots. Tubers turn black, soften, become slimy to the touch. An unpleasant putrid smell emanates from the plant, the soil is covered with mold	In advanced cases, the disease cannot be treated. The plant remains only to be thrown away so that the infection does not spread further. If the development of the fungus is noticed on time, all the affected tissues are cut out with a sharply sharpened disinfected knife, the "wounds" are sprinkled with crushed chalk and activated carbon. Cyclamen is transplanted into a new clean pot, completely changing the soil. For 2-3 weeks, water for irrigation is replaced with a solution of any biofungicide (Strobi, Tiovit-Jet, Alirin-B)
Gray rot	Leaves, flowers and buds are covered with a layer of "fluffy" ash coating with small black blotches. Affected tissues darken and die off	All diseased tissues are excised, capturing an additional 5–7 mm, which appear to be healthy. "Wounds" are disinfected. Watering is reduced to the required minimum, spraying is stopped altogether. The soil is spilled with a solution of Agata-25K, Topaz, Baikal-EM
Anthracnose	Peduncles are deformed, the tops dry up. Young leaves dry at the edges, twist in a spiral	Affected peduncles and leaves are cut off, the plant and soil are sprayed 2-3 times with a solution of any copper-containing preparation. Granules of Trichodermin, Glyocladin are added to the soil
Shield	Small, brownish-gray, rounded growths on the plant. They gradually "swell", the tissues around them acquire a reddish-yellow hue	Visible scale insects are removed from the cyclamen by lubricating their shells with turpentine, kerosene, machine oil using a cotton swab. Then the plant is sprayed with soap suds, the soil is spilled with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate. To combat the pest, Aktar, Fosbecid, Fufanon are used. Effective prevention is spraying with infusion of onion or flower gruel. But if infection could not be avoided, folk remedies are ineffective.
Thrips	Vague yellowish spots appear on the wrong side of the sheet, front side- subtle silvery-beige strokes. The pests themselves look like small black sticks.	For prophylaxis, sticky tape or pieces of thick cardboard smeared with honey, petroleum jelly are hung next to the plants. It is useful from time to time at night to turn on next to flower pots fumigator. To combat thrips, Actellik, Karate, Konfidor-Maxi are used. Folk remedies- infusion of yarrow, mustard powder, chili peppers
Cyclamen mite	Pests eat leaves, gnaw through petioles, damage roots. If you pull the plant, the aerial part will easily separate from the tubers.	The plant is sprayed with soapy foam or flea shampoo diluted with water. For prevention, cyclamens are weekly treated with infusion of onion or garlic arrows. Folk remedies in the fight against pests are ineffective. For this, acaricides are used - Apollo, Novaktion, Vertimek, Neoron, Agravertin. The intervals between treatments depend on the weather outside - the hotter, the more often you need to spray the plant and soil. Usually 3-4 treatments are enough, each time you need to change the drugs

Photo: common plant diseases and pests

The cyclamen mite is not an insect, therefore, special preparations are used to combat it - acaricides

Reproduction methods

Cyclamen in "captivity" successfully reproduces both vegetatively and generatively. Most growers prefer dividing tubers, rightly considering growing new specimens from seeds is a rather troublesome business. In addition, in this case, it is completely impossible to predict what exactly will turn out as a result. "Home" cyclamens set seeds only after artificial pollination.

Germinating seeds

Experienced gardeners prefer to plant self-collected cyclamen seeds rather than store-bought cyclamen seeds. Practice shows that their germination capacity is several times better than that of purchased ones.

To set fruits, pollen from flowers on different plants with a soft brush, transfer to the pistils of other specimens. For reliability, the procedure is repeated 2-3 times with an interval of 4-5 days. The best time for her is early morning.

It is advisable to plant cyclamen seeds collected by yourself

The success of the procedure can be judged by the appearance of the peduncle on which this bud was located. It thickens, bends. The formation and ripening of the berry takes quite a long time. When ripening, it becomes softer to the touch, the skin wrinkles, cracks. The collected seeds are not dried, this will negatively affect germination.

The landing is planned for the beginning of August. Immediately in front of it, they are soaked for knocking in a solution of any biostimulant with the addition of several crystals of potassium permanganate.

They need a substrate that is light, permeable to water and air. The usual universal soil for indoor plants is mixed with any "baking powder" - sand, perlite, vermiculite, finely chopped sphagnum moss or coconut fiber in approximately equal proportions.

The emergence of seedlings from cyclamen seeds will take at least a month, sometimes the process generally stretches for six months

1. Fill a shallow flat container with a sterilized substrate, slightly moisten and level the soil. Seeds are sown as evenly as possible, sprinkle on top with a layer fine sand with a thickness of no more than 1 cm. The container is tightened with a film or covered with glass.
2. Before germination, cyclamen seeds do not need light. But temperature is very important for them. At 18 ° C and below, they begin to rot, if it rises above 20 ° C, they go into "hibernation", the process is delayed. But even having created optimal conditions, you will have to be patient. The emergence of seedlings must be waited for at least 30–40 days. Sometimes the procedure takes two months or even six months. This largely depends on the specific type of cyclamen. During this time, the "greenhouse" is ventilated daily, getting rid of the accumulated condensate. The soil is sprayed from a spray bottle as it dries.
3. The hatched seedlings are brought out into the light, but not in direct sunlight. The temperature of the content is lowered to 15-17 ° C. Before the appearance of the first leaf, the substrate is moistened daily.
4. After they have formed 2-3 true leaves and a tuber, they dive, seating the cyclamens in small plastic cups. Most suitable soil- a mixture of leaf soil, peat chips and coarse sand (4: 2: 1). Usually the procedure takes place in December. The tubers are completely covered with earth. After about a week, top dressing is carried out with any complex fertilizer, reducing its concentration in the solution by half compared with that recommended by the manufacturer.
5. In April or May of the next year, cyclamens are transplanted into pots of a suitable diameter and a substrate for adult plants. They are then looked after as usual. The first flowering can be observed 13-15 months after sowing the seeds.

Tuber division

As the cyclamen grows on the main tuber, “babies” are formed. The selected plant just needs to be removed from the soil, shaken off the soil from the roots and cut off the formed "growths" with a sharp disinfected knife. All "wounds" must be treated, daughter tubers are allowed to dry for several hours.

They are then planted in small pots filled with soil suitable for mature plants. Until they produce new leaves, watered very sparingly and carefully protected from direct sunlight.

You can also cut a single tuber into several parts. But the points of growth in cyclamen are concentrated on its top very densely and in the process they inevitably suffer.

All cuts made when dividing a tuber are carefully processed, otherwise the development of root rot is more than likely