Poppy seed- a herbaceous annual of the poppy family, reaching 30-80 cm in height. The stem and leaves are covered with tough, protruding hairs. The leaves are alternate, gray-green, pinnately divided, with oblong lobes. The flowers are bright red, solitary on long pedicels, with many stamens and four petals, with black spots at the base of the petals. Fruits are capsules. Blooms in April-May.

Popular names for samoseyki poppy: zher, nason, wild poppy, field poppy, machina, cockerels or hens.

The plant is decorative, poisonous Distributed in Ukraine (Carpathians, Dnieper Lrichnomorsky regions), in Crimea, in the European part of Russia (Baltic and Black Sea regions), in the Caucasus (all regions). (In the Vologda region, in Kazakhstan and in Kyrgyzstan it is found as rare field weed; grows wild in culture.) Grows on rocky slopes up to the mid-mountain zone, more often in garbage places, in crops, vegetable gardens, orchards, on fallow lands

The raw materials are petals, leaves, flowers, alkaloids are found in the roots: readin, protopin, copticin, papaverrubin A, C, D, E, reaginin, isoreagenin, isoreadin, allocryptopin, coridin, isocoridine, berberine, methoxy-beta-stylopin, 6- methoxy-1.2.3.4.-tetrahydro-beta-carboline, sanguinarine. The herb contains sitosterol, alkaloids (papaverrubin A, B, D, E, protopin, M-methylassimylobin, stylopin, isocoridin, readin, coptisine), higher aliphatic alcohols (C22-24 alcohols of the limiting range, d-nonacosanol), vitamin C. Flowers contain alkaloids (coptisin, readin, reagenin, chloride-N-methylstilopine), anthocyanins (derivatives of pelargonidine and cyanidin, 3-bioside pelargonidine, nudicaulin), n-heptacosan, mucus, pectin, iron and magnesium salts, vitamin C. The heads contain alkaloids (coptisine, readin, sanguiparin, papaverrubin), vitamin E, higher fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, linoleic).

Self-seeding poppy has a calming effect on the central nervous system, has a mild hypnotic, analgesic, emollient, expectorant, astringent, diaphoretic and hemostatic effect.

Infusion of petals is used as an expectorant for bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, for insomnia, for palpitations, as well as for dysentery, diarrhea, gastrointestinal colic, spontaneous urination. Petal powder is topically used to stop bleeding. Decoction of heads in folk medicine used for acute bronchitis (especially in children), palpitations, pain in the abdominal cavity, in the case of irregular and meager periods. Infusion of leaves in India is used as a tonic and anti-fever remedy. Infusion of flowers on the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, in Yugoslavia and Bulgaria is used in the treatment of respiratory diseases.

The petals are official in 12 countries of the world, they were part of the I-IV editions of the Soviet Pharmacopoeia. In Ukraine, petals are used as part of expectorant fees. The infusion of petals is used in India as a diaphoretic and mild sedative. Fruits in Egypt, Morocco, Chile and Japan are used in the treatment of oncological diseases of the abdominal cavity, sarcoma, condyloma, with external forms of cancer and warts (juice). In India, the milky sap of the plant is used as a mild sedative and anti-febrile.

In Bulgaria, the flowers of the samoseyka poppy are recommended as a soothing and emollient for coughs; care should be taken when using them in young children (higher doses cause toxic effects). Its action is similar to that of opium, but much weaker.

In Bulgaria, a poppy flower mixture is used, which is prepared as follows; 50 g of flowers are poured with 400 g of boiling water, in which 1 g of tartaric or citric acid, incubated for 4 hours, and the filtrate is boiled together with 650 g of sugar. Dose for children - 1 teaspoon 5-6 times a day. They also use an infusion of 5 g of raw materials (2 tablespoons) per 1 glass of boiling water (1 tablespoon every 2 hours) (D. Yordanov, P. Nikolov, Boychinov, 1976).

Methods for the preparation and use of self-seeding poppy:

1. 1 tablespoon of petals in 0.5 l of water, boil for 10 minutes, drain. Take 0.25 glasses 4 times daily before meals.
2. 1 teaspoon of chopped heads per 0.5 liter of boiling water, cook for 10 minutes, take 0.25 cups 4 times a day before meals.
3. 1 tablespoon of collection: petals of samoseyka poppy, herb Veronica officinalis, flowers of mallow forest, leaves of coltsfoot in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 for 2 cups of boiling water, leave for 2 hours, drain. Take 1 tablespoon 5-6 times a day for whooping cough and bronchitis.
4. 15 g of a mixture of samoseyka poppy petals and crushed roots of the saxifrage thigh in a ratio of 2: 1 are poured into a thermos with 2 cups of boiling water, infused overnight, filtered. Take 0.25 cups 6-8 times during the day in a warm form with a strong cough.
5. 40 g of a mixture of petals of samoseyka poppy, flowers of black elderberry, heart-leaved linden, scepter mullein, forest mallow, mother-and-stepmother, buckwheat and herb of medicinal lungwort in a ratio of 3: 2: 2: 3: 3: 2: 2: 3 per 1 liter of boiling water, leave in a thermos overnight, drain. Take 0.25 cups warm every hour during the day with a severe cold cough and as a diaphoretic.
6. 5-10 g of dried samoseyka poppy seeds per 1 glass of boiling water, insist until completely cooled, drain. Take 1 tablespoon several times a day in the treatment of acute enteritis, hemorrhoids, headaches, cancer. For insomnia, take 0.25 glasses at night.
7. 3 g of samoseyka poppy petals per 1 glass of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain, take 1 tablespoon 3-5 times a day before meals.
8. Take 1 pinch 3 times a day before meals.
9. 1 tablespoon of chopped leaves in 1 glass of boiling water, leave for 1 hour, strain, take 1 tablespoon 2-3 times a day as a tonic and anti-febrile.

Decorative poppy (Papаver) in the garden

In grandmothers in the garden, if the beginning of summer turned out to be arid, and the soil is rocky (for example, if the site is located on the banks of a river), you can find one of the wild or garden varieties of poppy during the flowering period.

Ornamental poppy (Papаver) is a plant of the Poppy family, the genus, according to some sources, is considered typical. Botanists include about 100 varieties in it; in Russia, it is found in wildlife only 75 of them. In our country, botanical species have spread over North Caucasus and Central Asia. A special variety of sleeping pills or opium poppies in Russia is allowed to be grown only in medical purposes, as the plant has unusual properties.

The rest of the varieties and species have excellent decorative properties and can be used when grown in the garden as a crop for flower beds and flower beds. Planting and care is not difficult from an agronomic point of view. In most cases, reproduction occurs with the help of self-seeding of seeds ripened in the fruit capsule. In the absence of control over this process, it can turn into a weed.

Look perennial decorative poppy in the photo - the flower is presented in all its beauty and splendor:

The history of the poppy plant

The history of the distribution of garden and wild poppies is very fascinating. As you know, because of this perennial in 1820, there was even a war between China and England. The problem was that the British had learned to extract opium from the milk juice, which they smoked themselves and sold abroad. Over time, the Chinese realized that the drug has a detrimental effect on the human psyche and causes addiction, as a result, they banned the import of a psychotropic substance into the country. The British received large sums of money from sales, so the war broke out in the year of the ban. In the end, the Chinese lost the fight and it was decided to lift the ban on the import of opium products. This led to the fact that in China there was a massive smoking of this harmful substance.

Opium is obtained from the Sleeping Poppy. Some medicinal substances are synthesized from its milky juice, for example, papaverine and other strong pain relievers. For the first time, Muslims learned to extract a remedy from this type, for whom opium was substituted for wine. They said that milky juice causes about the same sensations as when drinking a bottle, or even two good wine... Until now, opium containing morphine and codeine can only be obtained by hand, so since ancient times it is a very expensive remedy.

On the territory of the Russian Federation, it is strictly forbidden to grow opium poppy and other species, which presumably may contain narcotic substances. The law was adopted and took effect in 2004. According to it, a person can be convicted for growing Opium Poppy under Article 231 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

Description of decorative poppies (with photo)

The genus of decorative poppies includes annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, up to 100 cm high. These are specimens resistant to temperature extremes with large decorative flowers... In nature, they are found on rocky and stony soils of subtropical, cold and temperate zones. The name of the plant has Latin roots. Translated from this language into Russian "poppy" means "milk". The herbaceous perennial received this name due to the fact that when the membrane of its organs is opened or its incision, milky juice of yellow, orange or white.

Let's start the description with the fact that most often poppies have a stem, but there are also those species that do not. Instead, a long flowering stalk is formed. If there is a stem, then it reaches 70-100 cm in length, erect and resilient. The surface of the shoot can be covered with hard hairs or be bare. The leaf plates are dissected into one, two, or three pinnate lobes. The surface of the leaf is also often bristly.

Poppy flowers are single large, can also be collected in small racemose inflorescences (only in some species). There are specimens with double and simple buds.

The biggest disadvantage is that the flowers do not last long at all - about 3 days on average. Flowering occurs in June, after which the fruit is tied, the shoot begins to die off, and then the leaves, then the transition to a state of dormancy or drying, if it is an annual. Flowers during this period are more often red or scarlet, botanical species with yellow buds are less common. They crown the ends of long peduncles or are attached with a short peduncle to the shoot.

The type of poppy fruit is a box with numerous mesh-mesh small seeds of black or gray... The shape of the fruit pod can be any and depends on the species, most often it resembles: a ball, an elongated egg, a cylinder. The fruit may sit on a peduncle or smoothly taper into a tube. The spread of seeds or self-sowing is carried out in two ways: the box bursts sharply and shoots out planting material or sprinkles it like salt from a salt shaker.

Take a look decorative poppies in the photo illustrating the richness of common shades of petals:

Benefits for the human body

Despite the fact that the history of poppies has been blackened by drugs, not all of them are only harmful the human body... There are many properties that are beneficial to humans. First of all, it is the fact that strong painkillers and hypnotics are synthesized from its milky juice, which help to alleviate suffering from insomnia and oncological diseases. The seeds are used as a confectionery dressing. Probably, many in childhood tried to taste fruits with black seeds, but did not know that they become really tasty after full ripening and heat treatment.

About half of the seed is occupied by vegetable fats, the second part is calcium, sugar, magnesium, phosphorus and other useful substances. The special composition makes a tasty and nutritious delicacy from the usual planting material. It is known that poppy seeds are used in the manufacture of not only confectionery delicacies, but also for medicines that help get rid of digestive problems, insomnia and improve work respiratory tract and breathing.

Popular species in Russia

In Russia, decorative poppies were popular in the first half of the 20th century. Then, on the basis of one of the most common varieties of this genus - the Eastern poppy, many hybrids were bred. Of myself given view represents perennial herbaceous plants, up to 100 cm high. They have slender, powerful stems that secrete white juice.

Until now, the culture has been preserved in the memory of flower growers, as one of the most popular in Russia and Ukraine. The flowering period begins in late May or early June and does not last long. The leaves are pinnately dissected, located on the stem. Shoots and leaf plates are covered with bristly white hairs. The flowers are large, 10 to 15 cm in diameter. They crown the tops of long stems and are attached to them with short flowering legs. In nature, there are specimens with red flowers, as in the photo below. Turkey and the southern part of the Caucasian years are considered to be the homeland of the oriental decorative poppy, from where the plant was brought to Europe in the 18th century. Breeders began working with the species much later, in the 20th century.

Exists a large number of hybrid varieties... They were obtained by crossing three species: oriental poppy, pseudo-oriental and bracts. They can be traditionally red, white, pink or yellow.

Sleeping poppy

Although it is forbidden to grow a sleeping poppy, its description is worth knowing so as not to accidentally confuse the plant with other species. It often happens that seeds accidentally fall into the microenvironment of a vegetable garden or garden from outside, and such a representative may sprout, which will bring many problems with the legislation of our country.

This species is annual plants, up to 110 cm high. The main characteristic is the gray-green parts of the annual. Stems and leaves are most often hairless, but they can cover the peduncle or leaf veins. On erect elastic thick stems, an apical flower up to 15-20 cm in diameter is formed. It blooms from buds, up to 1.5-3 cm long in early May. Prolonged flowering until August ends with the formation of fruits - a spherical capsule.

Rock poppy

Ornamental rock poppy is a perennial, brought to Europe from hot Morocco a couple of centuries ago. On this moment is a spectacular garden form. The plant does not have a stem, only a long peduncle formed during the period of active flowering - from the first half of summer to early autumn. The leaves are collected in a root rosette. Hold on for a long time large flowers orange, pink or white color scheme. They can be double or plain. During the flowering period, the plant is up to 50 cm in height. If the flower does not bud, then it will not be noticed, since it has no stems.

Annual samoseyka

Annual poppy samoseyka is also a well-known garden form. This is a relatively not tall annual, up to 70-80 cm high. The flowers are often simple, but there are also terry varieties with white, yellow or pink coloration. The poppy species got its name due to its ability to reproduce quickly by self-seeding. The most popular variety is Silk Cupid with bicolor corolla petals.

Bare poppy

The bare-stemmed decorative poppy is a species that in the photo resembles the flowers of Amenona. This is a small perennial, up to 20 or 50 cm high. It has small flowers, up to 4-5 cm in diameter. The corolla petals are most often painted in a yellow or white tint, and can also have a rich orange color scheme. In the wild, Golostebel'naya poppy is very common on Lake Baikal and in the upper Amur region.

Bracts

The perennial Bract species of red garden poppies is also popular. This plant is 50 to 100 cm tall with thick, strong stems. The leaves are densely located on the shoots and can be up to the flower itself. The length of the leaf plates reaches a maximum of 45 cm. The flower is attached to the leafy stem with a thick peduncle; it has white bristles that are tightly pressed against the base of the organ. The flowers are most often large, rich blood-red color.

How to grow on your site

If you grow poppies on your site, then you probably know that this is a completely independent plant. It does not require any maintenance, only if it is not a rare breeding variety. Reproduction mainly takes place by seed. Seeds are harvested from bolls cut in early August after flowering. After pruning, they need time to ripen, and before that, you can use the stem or peduncle as a dried flower. Some growers are engaged in planting poppy seeds in the spring and keep planting material in boxes until early spring in a dry bouquet.

Before growing, remember that seed propagation ornamental poppies are perfect for all perennial, biennial and annual species. There are two options: sowing in the ground in a permanent place or seedlings. The first way is easy to implement:

• 1) The seeds do not need to be soaked, just sow them in a permanent place, which should be sunny or in partial shade;
• 2) Wait for the first shoots and fertilize with mineral fertilizers.

Seedling propagation is suitable for rare cultivars and for dwarf varieties... Annuals have the ability to reproduce by self-seeding. If you sow seeds for seedlings, then you need to do this in the garden soil in boxes installed in the greenhouse. After the first 2 leaves appear, poppies can be dived into separate small containers. In them, the plants are grown and wait for the appearance of 4-5 leaves, and then they are carefully transplanted to a permanent place, without destroying the earthen coma. Most often, young plants do not adopt the qualities of their parents. But, they can be identical to the mother bush, if territorial isolation was observed in the garden.

Perennial plants, in particular the Oriental poppy, can be propagated by dividing the bush or by root cuttings. In this case, the characteristics of the daughter plant will coincide with the mother plant with maximum accuracy.

Care, soil, watering

When it comes to care, the most important thing here is nutritional garden soil rich in minerals. The place should be sunny, in the shade the plant withers and does not bloom. Watering is not required as poppies prefer to grow on dry, rocky or rocky soils with good drainage.

After the decorative poppy has faded, you can cut off the peduncle, perhaps if there is no sharp cooling and with enough light, the poppy will bloom again. Please note that if you grow an annual of an exclusive variety, then you need to observe isolation from other types of poppy, since after self-sowing the plant will not have the same signs.

The existence of the self-seeding poppy (Papaver rhoeas) once again proves that elegance and beauty most often lie in the simplicity of forms. The poppy flower rests on a thin, pubescent stem and consists of only 4 very thin petals. There are double varieties of field poppy, but they also do not pretend to be complex in structure and rather resemble ordinary field, rather than garden flowers.

Self-seeding poppy, plant features

Field poppy is a herbaceous annual up to 80 cm high. All parts of the plant (except flowers) are covered with bristles of medium hardness. The leaves are large enough, pinnately dissected, serrated along the edges.

The oval-shaped buds are almost always in a drooping position and give the plant a special grace. After opening, the flowers rise and turn towards the sun. The petals are like scraps of fine silk fabric, large, bright red, white, apricot or color pink... The color is solid, with a dark center or edging along the edge of the petals. Flowering lasts from May to July, but can be extended by breaking off the seed pods at the developmental stage.

If the testes are allowed to mature, they will form into nearly round boxes with a toothed disc at the top of the head. Inside the box are small poppy seeds of black or Brown color that are used in cooking.

Application in landscape design

The main application of the self-seeding poppy is the creation of meadow lawns. Compared to ordinary lawns, they are colorful and do not need to be cut frequently. On picturesque lawns, poppies get along well with other wildflowers: chamomile, cornflowers, flax, snakehead.

Solid poppy crops look beautiful, especially of one color. You can also make a monoclumba from it, include it in a mixborder, or sow it in the front garden in front of the house in a mixed flower garden. In a paved courtyard, a colorful plant is planted in flowerpots, making it easier to control its distribution.

Since poppy flowers do not differ in life expectancy (only 2-3 days), they are not suitable for cutting. But if there is a great desire to decorate the room with a poppy bouquet, you can cut the plants at the budding stage and dip the ends of the stems into hot water... In this case, the bouquet will last a few days longer.

How to grow a poppy seed

The self-seeded poppy is grown by sowing seeds in the ground. You don't even need to make grooves and water them. The seeds are simply scattered on the surface of the well-loosened soil, after which the land on the site is lightly nailed with the back of the rake. This technique promotes better adhesion of the seed to the soil and quick germination.

Poppy grows in well-lit areas with light fertile soils. For its cultivation, sandy loam soils fertilized with humus are also suitable. Swampy places or close water to the soil surface is best avoided, since the plant does not tolerate stagnant moisture.

It reproduces well by self-seeding, as evidenced by its name. If you do not control the spread of seeds, in a couple of years the poppy will fill all areas of the garden, and it will have to be weeded out like a weed. But for many, this feature of the plant is not a nuisance, since flowering thickets poppies look very picturesque.

Self-seeding poppy care

The main care for annual poppies is weeding the seedlings that have emerged as a result of self-seeding. First, the plants are broken by hand, so that a distance of about 15 cm remains between them. When they grow up, they are broken through again, leaving an interval depending on the habit of each bush, and the soil between the plants is loosened well. Further weeding is not carried out, as the bushes grow and can be damaged.

Watering is carried out during the drying up of the soil. It is advisable to water the flower garden with poppy using a sprinkler so that the stems do not lie under the stream of water. This is best done early in the morning. At the end of July, dried up stems with testes are cut off, and by autumn the poppies release new buds. Blooming again will fill autumn garden bright colors and will remind you of the summer.

Or poppy sleeping pills- a fairly well-known weed. It is sometimes grown as ornamental plant, and some "amateurs" and for other, unseemly purposes. Which, however, is tightly regulated Russian legislation... It will not be superfluous to know that the poppy seed is related to poisonous plants... Its milky juice has a toxic effect, the largest amount of which accumulates in the walls of unripe seed pods. But all other parts of the sleeping pill also have a poisonous effect.

Poppy seed grass is an annual herb from the poppy family. It has an erect, smooth stem. Leaves are oblong, lobed, toothed. Poppy flowers are large, red, pink, purple or white. The fruit is an oval capsule covered with a dense toothed lid. Seeds are numerous, small, black. Mass flowering of sleeping poppy is observed in June.

In addition to organic acids and fatty oils, the milky juice of samoseyka poppy contains morphine, narcotine, papaverine, thebaine, codeine and readitine. Ingestion of milky juice can cause severe poisoning, especially in children.

Signs of poisoning: anxiety and agitation, dilated pupils, tremors and convulsions, a change of seizures with depression, drowsiness, weakness, unsteady gait. In case of severe poisoning, heavy sleep may occur with loss of sensitivity.

First aid: rinse the stomach with a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate, take 5-10 tablets of activated carbon, drink plenty of fluids. If necessary, do artificial respiration. First aid is just the beginning of treatment. In any case, you should consult a specialist doctor as soon as possible.

The presence of these potent substances in milk juice, flowers and poppy seeds predetermines its wide medicinal use... Preparations based on it should be prescribed only by the attending physician. Self-medication can lead to serious consequences.

Traditional medicine has experience in the use of sleeping pills for insomnia and mental fatigue (infusion of flowers and tincture of petals), for stomach catarrh (powder from dry petals), for insect bites (milky juice of poppy heads).

Self-seeding poppy - cultivation

Harvesting of petals is carried out during flowering, and milky juice - from unripe bolls. The boxes are incised and the emitted milk is removed with a spatula.

Tincture of petals:

• Pour 10 g of poppy petals with 100 ml of medical alcohol or vodka and leave in the dark for 2 weeks, shake the contents periodically;
• strain the tincture after two weeks;
• take no more than 15 drops at a time for insomnia and mental fatigue.

Self-seeding poppy - growing from seeds

Decoction of petals:

• Pour 10 g of petals with a glass of boiling water and put in a water bath for 30 minutes, cool, strain;
• take 1 tbsp. in the evening with insomnia.

Dried milk of samoseyka poppy in scanty quantities is also a sedative and hypnotic. It is necessary to know that poppy juice is a raw material for the manufacture of narcotic substances in order to protect our children from attempts to try this harmful potion, the recipes for which, unfortunately, are spread on the Internet. We do not do this for ethical and law-abiding reasons.

Papaver rhoeas L

Family - Poppy - Papaveraceae.

Parts used - flowers.

Popular names - field poppy, fire flower.

The pharmacy name is poppy flowers - Rhoeados flos (formerly Flores Rhoeados).

Botanical description

Samoseyka poppy is a herbaceous annual (rarely biennial) branched plant, reaching a height of 30-80cm. Root system pivotal. Stem, leaves, pedicels and sepals are coarse-haired, covered with rigid, horizontally protruding bristly hairs. The stem is erect, highly branched. The leaves are large, with long petioles, alternate, gray-green, pinnately-divided or pinnately dissected, often serrate-toothed along the edges. Stem leaves are predominantly sessile, tripartite, with pinnately incised, elongated large segments.

Large, solitary, bright red (rarely pink or white), located at the top of stems and branches on a long peduncle (10-25 cm long), with very delicate and fragrant petals. The smell lasts only a few days. Then the petals fall off and only one fruit remains. Each flower has 2 green sepals that cover the bud and fall off when the flower opens. Corolla, about 6-10 cm in diameter, of 4 large oval petals with a large black spot at the base. The 4 petals of the flower are arranged in 2 circles, 2 petals in each (the petals of the inner circle are slightly smaller than the petals of the outer circle). The stamens are numerous, with long purple filaments and black-purple anthers containing yellow pollen. Pistil with upper ovary and sessile stigma. Flowers are pollinated by insects, blooms from April to July.

The fruit is a spherical or obovate glabrous capsule up to 2.2 cm long, sharply narrowed at the base into a thin stem. The fruits ripen in August - September, with big amount seeds 20-50 thousand. Seeds remain viable for several years. In the roots, stems,, fruits of samoseyka poppies there is a milky juice.

Poppy seed grass grows like a weed in grain crops, in meadows, along roadsides, slopes, slopes and on wastelands

Collection and procurement

The petals are collected immediately after blooming and dried immediately. But most often it is not possible to preserve their color, they become gray and colorless.

Active ingredients

Readin and other less dangerous alkaloids in smaller quantities, red pigment, organic acids, tannins, saponins, bitterness, tar, mucus, starch and gums.