Types and best varieties of peonies
In this article we want to talk about peonies magnificent and the most beautiful flowers for your garden. Let's touch and analyze the most the best and beautiful varieties this plant and species.
Peony one of the most beautiful and popular colors. Homeland of the peony North America, but because of its beauty, this flower spread very quickly around the world. In total, there are 34 species and more than 5000 varieties.
Peony classifications
The first criterion according to which peonies are divided is the origin and shape of the bush.
tree peonies are divided into three types:
- Japanese- unpretentious to growing conditions. Petal stamens can be red, pink and yellow. Petals have the same color as the stamens, arranged in one or two rows.
- Sino-European- large terry buds are located on tall and strong stems. The bush itself is very sweaty. Flowers are pink or purple.
- hybrids- the result of crossing grassy and tree peony. Hybrid peonies combine best qualities: fast growth, abundant flowering, bright and varied flower colors, ability to withstand very low temperatures.
herbaceous peonies includes all remaining species. It is worth saying that most of the peonies that are grown on summer cottages, are herbaceous as well as hybrid.
Second criterion – this is the doubleness of the flower and its shape.
- Terry- the most popular peony. It is he who can most often be found on the plots of amateur gardeners. The flowers of this peony are large. The first three rows are large one-color petals, the entire remaining central surface is occupied by narrow petals, which give volume to the flower. As for the stamens, there are many of them, depending on the variety, they may or may not be clearly visible, as they will be hidden among the petals.
- Semi-double peonies. Such peonies look very airy, their flowers are lush and large. Petals are arranged in 5-7 rows. The stamens can be located, as in other flowers, in the middle of the bud, but can also be formed among the petals, which are closer to the edge.
- Non-terry have a non-double flower, the petals of which are arranged in 1-2 rows. One bud can contain up to 10-15 petals, depending on the variety.
- anemone peonies differ in that their flower is very large in diameter. The first two rows are occupied by large petals, the central part is occupied by stamens and thin and short petals.
- Japanese peonies have large flowers, which are located on very strong stems. The petals in the bud are located in a maximum of three rows, the rest of the space is occupied by large petal-like stamens. Stamens form large volumetric balls, which create all the charm.
Third criterion – this is the flowering time. In total, the peony has 7 flowering periods:
- very early- flowering occurs in May or early June;
- Early– from June 6 to June 10;
- mid-early– from 11 to 15 June;
- Medium– from 16 to 20 June;
- mid-late– from 20 to 25 June;
- Late– from 25 to 30 June;
- very late after the thirtieth of June.
Such a variety of flowering periods allows gardeners to create such a flower bed of peonies that would bloom from early May to early July without interruption.
Peony varieties
Each peony, regardless of species and variety, is beautiful. However, over many, many years, gardeners and botanists have identified the best varieties of peony. There are a lot of such varieties, so each grower will find a suitable one for himself.
Peony variety "Sarah Bernard"
Peony variety "Sarah Bernard" This is a hybrid peony bearing the name French actress. Peony variety "Sarah Bernard" has large (20 centimeters in diameter) semi-double pink flowers. Also, the flowers have a very strong aroma of "expensive French perfume", which literally envelops the entire area.
The bush reaches a height of one meter, very fluffy and strong, does not need support.
However, this variety has a feature - peony "Sarah Bernard" shows varietal features only in the second year of flowering.
Peony variety "Doris Cooper"
Peony variety "Doris Cooper" The flowers of this variety are double, very lush. In diameter, the flower reaches 17 centimeters. "Doris Cooper" begins to bloom in early June, at which time the garden is filled with an excellent aroma with hints of jasmine.
Peony variety "Red Charm"
Peony variety "Red Charm" Hybrid variety with very large primary flowers. The buds attract attention not only with their doubleness, but also with their beautiful scarlet color. Thanks to this combination, the variety "Red Charm" looks very impressive.
The buds are stable on the stems, as the stems are very strong. The bush reaches eighty centimeters in height, but due to the strength of the stems, it does not require supports. But, experienced gardener it is still recommended to build a small support that will protect the bush from damage during strong winds.
Another value of the variety "Red Charm" is its ability to develop beautifully and bloom excellently on absolutely any soil. A peony of this variety does not require frequent feeding: only once every three years is enough for him. This variety is also very resistant to severe frosts, therefore, it does not require shelter for the winter.
Peony variety "Festiva Maxim"
Peony variety "Festiva Maxim" This variety is especially for lovers of white. The flowers are huge (up to twenty centimeters in diameter), semi-double, have a snow-white color, but the tips of the petals in the center of the bud are reddish - this betrays a special beauty. In addition, they have a wonderful, pronounced aroma.
The bush is quite large, reaching a height of 120 centimeters. It is also very dense, and this density is formed by shoots, and on each of these shoots 3-4 flowers bloom. This description helps to present all the beauty varieties "Maxim Festival" during flowering.
Peony of this variety lives from 6 to 8 years. Throughout his life, he blooms profusely, and even in last years life, the number of buds does not decrease.
However, the variety has the same feature as "Sarah Bernard" - it shows varietal characteristics only in the second year of flowering. Also, if you set a goal - to get large flowers (20 centimeters), then only one bud should be left on each shoot.
Peony variety "Anchantress"
Another variety with white flowers, but unlike the previous one, the flowers are " Anchantress" have a white color with a lemon tint (as soon as they have blossomed), and then become pure white. Large (diameter - 2018 centimeters), double flowers have a bewitching aroma that resembles the scent of a rose.
The bush reaches 100 centimeters in height. The stems are strong, able to withstand the considerable weight of blossoming flowers. Another reason for pride is the dark green foliage, covered with a kind of film that gives the foliage a shine.
Peony variety "Bartzella"
Peony variety "Bartzella" Hybrid variety, bred in 1986. The flower in diameter reaches 25 centimeters, terry. It has a color that is not quite traditional for peonies - "Bartzella" It blooms with bright yellow flowers, on the petals of which there are peculiar red strokes. Not only does the flower not only have yellow It also has a lemon scent.
Grows up to 90 centimeters in height. The leaves have a juicy dark green color.
By planting such a peony in your area, you will destroy stereotypes about the color of flowers.
Peony variety "Mirage"
Peony variety "Mirage" This variety belongs to the Japanese type of flowering. Flowers 13 centimeters in diameter, with large elliptical petals arranged in two or three rows. The real decoration is the modified stamens, which have the same light crimson color as the petals, but the edges of the stamens are “showered with gold”.
The bush grows up to 110 centimeters, does not require support, as strong stems are able to independently withstand all the heavy flowers, even during strong winds.
Variety "Mirage" known as an excellent park variety.
Peony variety "Duchesse De Nemours"
Peony variety "Duchesse De Nemours" This variety is very ancient, as it was one of the first to be grown in culture. The buds are white, but greenish-yellow in the middle, reaching nineteen centimeters in diameter.
The bush is very sprawling, up to 100 centimeters high. The stems are tall and straight. The leaves are quite large.
Peony variety "Barbara"
Peony variety "Barbara" This variety of peony blooms with large, lush flowers of bright crimson color. Flowers in diameter reach 15 centimeters, exude a pleasant delicate aroma.
The bush is small, grows up to 70 centimeters in height. Foliage is a pleasant green color.
Peony variety "Etched Salmon"
Peony variety "Etched Salmon" He earned the love of Russian and American gardeners thanks to his delicate peach flowers with pink tint. Double flower, all petals tightly folded when viewed from long distance, then the flower will look like a rose.
Despite the tenderness that is observed in it, the variety "Etched Salmon" withstands very low temperatures, it also has a high immunity to diseases that most often affect peonies.
Peony variety "Pearl placer" Blooms with Japanese type buds. The flowers are lilac-pink, up to 14 centimeters in diameter. The greatest beauty of the flower is given by modified stamens with a pink tip.
The advantage of the variety is its rapid growth. Already in the second (and sometimes, in the third) year, the peony will delight you with abundant flowering.
This concludes the selection of peony varieties. Of course, we cannot show in one article the entire abundance of varieties of this amazingly beautiful flower. If you still don’t have a peony, then be sure to plant it, and it doesn’t matter if it is in our selection or not, because even the simplest peony brings some special beauty to the site.
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Among flower growers, peonies are well-deservedly popular. By the beauty of flowers and decorative foliage, they rightfully belong to one of the first places among garden perennials. Large, pastel or brightly colored flowers are good both on the bush and in the cut, their aroma is surprisingly pleasant. Openwork lush foliage persists until late autumn, when it turns from dark green to crimson. Bushes of peonies and without flowers are attractive in the garden against the background of the lawn and in the flower garden. These plants are durable. They grow for decades in one place without a transplant.
Very popular today in Russia "Japanese peonies"
At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries, varieties of lactiflora peony with an unusual flower shape were brought to Europe and the USA from Japan: it has one or two rows of outer petals, and in the center - staminodes (stamens transformed into narrow reed petals). The pistils (carpels) were normal and fertile, while the staminodes were usually sterile. White, pink or red outer petals, combined with yellow staminodes, gave the peony a special originality. Light, airy flowers, as if floating in the air, like huge butterflies, began to be called "Japanese". Leaves with corrugated edges added exoticism to the plants.
The appearance of the “Japanese” did not at all coincide with the idea of \u200b\u200bthe ideal shape of a peony flower, which by that time had developed in the West. A century earlier, in early XIX century, from China to Europe came the so-called Chinese peonies, also varieties of p. milky-flowered.
For 100 years, European breeders, primarily French, using varieties from China, have been working to create double peonies with large quantity petals. The rose-shaped form was considered ideal (sometimes it is called “fully terry”). Such a flower, characterized by a smooth roundness, consists of large petals, densely and evenly filling its entire volume.
Until recently, due to inertia, all varieties of lactiflora continued to be called Chinese, although outwardly they no longer look like ancient Chinese cultivars, but by origin they belong to lactiflora, which grows in Transbaikalia, Manchuria and Mongolia. During the 19th century the flowers of these peonies acquired a shape corresponding to the European tastes of that time, forming the basis of the so-called classic part of the modern assortment. Until now, rose-shaped cultivars remain the most popular and widespread, especially in Russia.
It seemed that Japanese peonies would repeat the fate of Chinese peonies - the name would remain, and the original varieties would disappear. Fortunately, this did not happen. In the 19th century, significant changes in the life of society approved the diversity of aesthetic tastes and trends in art. The appearance of Japanese peonies coincided with the growing interest in the culture of the East. New peonies have fascinated many, becoming a subject for imitation. Western breeders began to breed similar varieties, and already in the second decade of the 20th century, a group of cultivars with Japanese form flower.
Working on the creation of such peonies, the originators included in this group all new seedlings that did not look like the original plants. So, varieties with an anemone-shaped flower shape, which are distinguished by much wider inner petals - petalodies, and even almost double cultivars with staminode rings in the crown or center got here.
The number of Japanese peonies continues to increase, today accounting for 10-15% of the modern assortment of herbaceous peonies, although many cultivars bear little resemblance to each other.
As it sometimes happens, the Japanese themselves for a long time had no idea what the original form created in the Country rising sun, served as the basis for such an extensive and heterogeneous group. To Japan herbaceous peonies came from China with Buddhist monks in the VIII-IX centuries. And, strictly speaking, in accordance with the terminology of Europeans, they can also be attributed to Chinese. According to modern taxonomy, they originate from the species p. (P. lactiflora).
Now it is known that Japanese peonies were bred in several centers (clubs) of the country. Each club strictly adhered to its own rules regarding the shape of the flower, so it varied considerably. For example, famous variety "Kokaden" used by the Ito breeder to create the first cross-sectional hybrids (Ito hybrids), had semi-double white flowers.
Ryoji Hashida (Ryoji Hashida) established that the first Japanese peonies that came to the West about 100 years ago corresponded to the Haigo type (higo) created in Kumamoto (Kumamoto) in the period from the middle of the XVIII to the 60s. XIX century. In the fortress city of Kumamoto, Japanese warriors united in clubs flower crops, in them they were engaged in selection and arranged exhibitions. Here, a peony with 10-14 petals and small staminodes freely located in the flower bowl was bred, and this form was called “Haigo”.
Many varieties of this type were obtained, but they were forbidden to distribute. Similar interest clubs existed in other parts of Japan. After graduation feudal period in 1867 the warrior class ceased to exist. Sales bans have disappeared, and peonies have found their way to other countries. Flower growers' clubs have lost their caste system and still exist in a more democratic form.
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Hashida notes that in the commercial part of the city of Edo (now Tokyo) in 1858 and 1860. exhibitions of peonies were held, at which 36 and 118 varieties were exhibited, respectively. The types of flowers created in Edo differ from "Haigo": some are almost semi-double with long vertically twisted staminodes towering in the center, others are close to the European anemone form. Interestingly, Western breeders, having independently created varieties similar to the Edo types, also included them in the original Japanese group.
Most of the modern assortment of these peonies was created in the USA.
In conditions middle lane Russian "Japanese" are quite reliable and cold-resistant, they grow normally, entering the season abundant flowering, like all varieties of p. lactiflora, for the 3-4th year after planting. Some varieties with red outer petals develop more slowly and begin to bloom profusely 1-2 years later. The vast majority of cultivars have medium and medium-late flowering periods: in the Moscow region - June 20-30.
American breeders have bred several interspecific hybrids of p. lactiflora and p. medicinal with a Japanese flower shape and earlier flowering periods, closer to mid-June. The most famous of them are the dark red "Walter Maines" and "Chocolit Soulger".
The agricultural technique of the “Japanese” is traditional. Peonies, especially dark-colored ones, should preferably be planted in places protected from the wind and shaded at noon. These varieties are used most often in landscaping and for cutting to create elegant flower arrangements.
All known peonies of the Japanese form are contrasting two-color (due to the different color of the outer petals and staminodes). In white and light pink varieties, staminodes are usually yellow, while in dark-colored varieties, the bottom is the same color as the petals, but with golden tips.
Of the cultivars common in Russia, p. milky-flowered with the Japanese form, we note the following:
with white petal coloring -
"Boo Ti", "John van Leeuwen", "Dream Mist", "Yellow King" (exceptionally viable and abundant variety),
"cararra "(with long light yellow staminodes), "Moon of Nippon" ;
with pink -"Ama No Sodi", "Betty Grof" (with large staminodes),
"Velma Atkinson" (early), "Wes-turner" (stable in cutting), "Pearl Placer", "Kinsui", "Kukeni Jishi", "Neon", "Surprise", "Fase Top" (terry with a ring of golden staminodes), "Heath Parade" ;
with red- "Akron" (with two-color staminodes), "Gay Bet", "Charles Burges", "White Cap" (anemone-shaped with white petalodies).
Topic about another variety of peonies.
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Content
There are 30 types in total. amazing flower called peony. This is a favorite of all gardeners, a real flower bed decoration. varieties of beautiful garden plant there are about 5,000, most most of which are occupied by herbaceous varieties of peony. The rest of the flowers belong to the tree group. Gardeners admire fragrant and beautiful buds from the beginning of June until the end of the month.
Types and varieties of peonies: photo with names
The plant in question has a different color and shape of flowers. The long stems of peonies, on which the dissected leaves are located, are durable. According to its structure, the flower is divided into:
- Lemoine and semi-shrub peony;
- Various forms white-flowered peony;
- Non-terry (the second name is simple);
- Japanese;
- anemic;
- Semidouble;
- Rose-shaped, crowned, as well as spherical and semi-rose-shaped, belonging to the double peony.
The shades of peonies are very diverse: bright and pale yellow, purple, soft pink and bright scarlet, cherry and even coffee.
Main varieties
Depending on the species, peonies are grown from late spring to mid-summer. Valuable varieties are early:
- "Maryin root";
- "Ballerina";
- Peony Wittman;
- "Athena";
- Tokolistny peony.
Late varieties are no less popular in gardening:
- "Victory";
- "Solange";
- "Anniversary";
- "Anshatres";
- "Snowball".
Varieties are interesting, the main ability of which is to change color as they bloom. From pink to peach - " Julia Rose", from cherry to pale cream -" Hilary". There are varieties, the colors of the petals of which smoothly change into other shades. In the variety " Lolly pop» purple speckles are visible on the yellow petals, and the buds « Laymon dream» are colored in both yellow and pink. The most fragrant varieties are considered " Neon», « Vogue», « Emily Olson" and " Picado».
Tree varieties
Cultivation of tree varieties Lately began to develop in the European part of the world. These varieties were popular in Asian countries, while in Russia, gardeners preferred brighter and more colorful flowers. Their main difference from the herbaceous group is the ability of undying bushes to increase in size, while the latter grow young shoots every year. Plants of the tree group, characterized by the diversity and exquisite beauty of flowers, are divided into the following varieties:
- Terry, semi-double Japanese;
- hybrid varieties (« Delaway»);
- Sino-European with double flowers.
herbaceous varieties
Peonies of the herbaceous group are popular in gardening because of the ease of care for plants: they grow in the same flower bed without transplanting for decades. The flowering period of these flowers depends on the variety: late, medium, medium late, and also early. In landscaping, horticulture and landscape design The following varieties are popular:
- Peony Wittmann, hallmark- a pale yellow bud;
- thin-leaved, its flowers have a rich red hue;
- Golden stamens and white petals - features milky flower peony;
- Purple, hot pink shade - peony " Maryin root»;
- Has a beautiful ruby hue medicinal peony.
white-flowered peonies
Peonies belonging to the white-flowered group are divided into simple, Japanese and semi-double. The former are characterized by large flowers with wide petals in one or two rows and corrugated leaves. Features of semi-double peonies: a large number of stamens, concentrated strictly in a circle between the petals, from 3 to 7 rows of bud petals. Depending on the color, the following representatives of the variety in question are distinguished:
- « Siteria"- a peony, the color of which at the beginning of flowering is burgundy, at the end - light pink.
- « En Barry Cousins have a nice coral hue.
- « Miss America". This peony is easily recognizable by white color, contrasting with the golden scattering of stamens in the center.
- Japanese variety " Hot chocolate».
- « A scattering of pearls"- one of the most interesting representatives of the Japanese variety.
Terry peonies
Among all varieties of the herbaceous group, they are especially popular among gardeners. terry varieties with velvety flowers. Each representative is unique in color, shape of petals and buds, as well as their size. The category of terry flowers is rosaceous and crowned. The first, as the name suggests, appearance look like roses.
Feature of crowned representatives - three-tiered flower structure.
Early varieties
In the first days of June they delight with their beauty and aroma early varieties peonies. White-flowered representatives - " En Barry Cousins"with an unusual luminous color and rapidly growing" Placer of Pearls"- peonies, which bloom at the beginning of summer.
A beautiful semi-spreading bush called " Aritina Nozen Glory”, reaching a height of 0.7 m, has large buds of a mauve hue with light green cut leaves. The flowers are up to 20 cm in diameter.
A garden variety of peonies with a slight smell, called " America", differs in the compact sizes and a simple form of buds. Flowers with even wide petals of dark red color are outwardly similar to tulips. One bud in diameter is 20 cm, in total there are 3-4 of them on the stem. The variety is universal.
Varieties of peonies of medium flowering time
Among the varieties that are characterized average term flowering, note " Spring". This versatile variety is resistant to various diseases, ideal for growing in Russia, with the exception of the cold regions of the country. Max Height bush - 0.8 m. Buds with wide petals are similar to rose buds. The shades are mixed: inside - light pink with yellowness, outside - creamy pink. These peonies have a pleasant jasmine scent.