How many hours does the janitor work. Who is responsible for cleaning the adjacent territory (yards) of an apartment building or whose responsibility it is: what should the janitors do

Many managing organizations of apartment buildings have quite natural questions about how snow removal should be carried out in the yards, in what time frame it is necessary to carry out this work so as not to receive a fine. Our article will help to understand all the intricacies of this topic.

Who should carry out snow removal in the yards

Snow removal in yards, in adjacent territories, in front of entrances and on sidewalks should be done by Management Company(UK), serving the house. This may be DEZ, a private management company or another contracting organization. If necessary, cleaning of roofs from icicles and removal of snow is carried out with the participation of specialized services and equipment.

Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 No. 170 (clause 3.6.1) states that the duty of service organizations is to clean the yards and the area near the houses from precipitation and debris.

A detailed list of all services that the management company must provide to residents apartment building(MKD), is contained in the management agreement. Sample contracts can be downloaded below. As for information on the estimated cost of services and the frequency of their provision, it is given in the annexes to the agreement.

The owners of apartments in the MKD should be aware that the list of works in the contract is drawn up on the basis of legislative rules and regulations, and not at the discretion of the Criminal Code. All service organizations, whether it be a private management company or DEZ, are required to follow the requirements for the maintenance of buildings, yards and adjoining territories, which are given in government decrees.

If the economic organization does not comply with the terms of the contract, apartment owners have every right to apply for recalculation of payments for the period when the service was absent or was carried out poorly or not in full. If tenants do not have a copy of the signed service agreement, in accordance with Art. 162 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, they can contact the management company with a request to provide a copy of the document.

Snow removal standards

Of course, it is simply impossible to cope with the consequences of a heavy snowfall instantly: this will require significant work force and related snowplows. At the same time, the law defines the time intervals during which management companies and utilities are required to clean the yards. For this there is a corresponding normative documentation.

"Rules and regulations technical operation housing stock MDK 2-03.2003 "contain detailed description the process of work in the adjoining territories, as well as the division of sidewalks into three classes, in accordance with which a schedule for cleaning snow in the yards is created.

If there is no precipitation, cleaning of adjacent areas should be carried out in the morning hours every day. If the snow cover is not thicker than 2 cm, the janitors are required to simply sweep the area. If the amount of precipitation exceeds a layer of 2 cm, they should move snowdrifts to the edge of the sidewalk. The duties of a janitor also include the elimination of ice.

In case of snowfall, the yard should be cleaned from precipitation with the following frequency:

every 3 hours, low-passage sidewalks are removed, the traffic intensity on which does not exceed 50 people per hour;
with an interval of 2 hours, paths should be cleared of precipitation, the patency of which is in the range from 50 to 100 people per hour;
sidewalks are cleaned hourly with traffic of more than 100 people per hour.

Snow removal is carried out in the yards continuously if, due to precipitation, movement around the local area becomes impossible. At the same time, the duties of the janitor include clearing not the entire road, but only a 3 m wide path, along which pedestrians can move freely.

In accordance with the legislation, the consequences of a snowfall must be completely eliminated within 6 hours after its end.

When should sidewalks be cleared of snow in yards?

The classification of sidewalks into 3 types, depending on their hourly traffic, is given in the Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2003 No. 170. The appendix to this Decree contains information that the frequency of snow removal in courtyards is determined by the following factors:

sidewalk class;
air temperature;
the amount of precipitation.

Pavement class	Period in hours, depending on air temperature (o C) during snowfall		Frequency outside snowfall (in days)
	Below -2 degrees	Above -2 degrees
	Every 3 hours	Every 1.5 hours	Three
	Every 2 hours	Each hour	In two
	Each hour	Every half hour	Through one

In the North climate zone In Russia, the specified periods of snow removal in the yards in the presence of precipitation have been reduced, and in some cases continuous work is provided to free the adjacent area.

The capital also has other standards for clearing territories, which are determined by the Decree of the Government of Moscow "On the standards of Moscow for the operation of the housing stock" dated June 4, 1996 No. 465. Appendix 9 to this Decree provides a breakdown of sidewalks into 5 classes depending on their passability:

less than 50 people/hour - 1st class;
50-150 people/hour - 2nd class;
150-500 people/hour - 3rd class;
500-2000 people/hour - 4th grade;
more than 2000 people/hour - 5th grade.

The table describes the frequency of cleaning in the yards, which is regulated by the Appendix to ZhNM-96-01/8:

	Pavement classes
Type of work
Sweeping on days without snow	Once every two days	Once a day
Sweeping fresh snow, with a fall of less than 2 cm	Once a day			Twice a day
Shearing of the layer of fresh snow when falling more than 2 cm	Once a day		Three times a day	Four times a day
Ice removal, ice chipping	Once every three days	Once every two days	Once a day

Yard cleaning procedures

Snow removal in yards is a complex of works aimed at clearing the area of adjacent territories from precipitation in urban or suburban buildings. Near multi-storey buildings such work is carried out regularly with the involvement of specialized organizations. Cleaning is carried out using mechanized devices or, if available, a large number precipitation, automated devices.

There are certain stages in the liquidation of deposits of solid sediments:

removal of ice and snow from asphalt pavements using special scrapers and shovels;
cleaning in the area of green spaces, which is carried out as carefully as possible in order not to damage the plants;
cleaning playgrounds from precipitation, while special scrapers made of plastic are used to work with rubber surfaces;
treatment of tracks with sand or a special composition that prevents the formation of ice;
transportation of snow masses with the help of special equipment to the landfill, their disposal.

Manual and mechanized snow removal

Depending on the method of carrying out, two types of cleaning the territory from snow are distinguished.

1) Manual.

In the courtyard of a private house, on a small area in front of a store or on a porch kindergarten from an economic point of view, it is not advisable to carry out mechanized cleaning from precipitation. Therefore, in small areas that are only slightly covered with snow, manual cleaning is used using scrapers and snow shovels. In addition, it is impossible to get rid of ice on the steps of the porch or the road with the help of technology.

2) Mechanized.

If you need to free not a path in the yard, but, for example, a loading area at a factory or a supermarket parking lot, then it would be advisable to use a mechanized cleaning service. It is carried out using snowplows, loaders, tractors and dump trucks, so it allows you to efficiently and quickly deal with the consequences of even the heaviest snowfall over a vast area.

Professional cleaning is carried out on roadways, driveways, parking lots, sidewalks and other adjacent areas. Snow masses are raked into heaps, which are placed along the line of passage of equipment, or loaded into a dump truck immediately. After the work is completed, they are transported from the cleared area.

Cleaning rules

When cleaning the yard from snow, as well as when performing any other type of work, certain rules should be followed. Responsibility for the elimination of solid precipitation and ice at the entrances of residential buildings, as well as in the territory of the nearest parking lots and sidewalks rests with the janitors. It is permissible to clean freshly fallen snow in the yards with a broom.

The level of snowdrifts, which, in accordance with the rules, is permissible on yard lawns, is 80 cm. If this figure is exceeded, then snow deposits must be removed from such an area.

To eliminate snowdrifts with a height of more than 2 meters, special equipment should be used - rotors, foreign manipulators or Russian tractors. Meanwhile, it should be noted that most settlements Russia is experiencing an acute shortage of equipment.

According to the "Regulations of mechanized and manual cleaning» snow removal in the yards should be carried out in the morning no earlier than 7.00 and in the evening no later than 23.00. Time limits can be shifted during very intense precipitation.

The frequency of cleaning the yard is also determined according to strict rules. If precipitation has an intensity of 2 cm / hour, the janitors are required to clean every 2-3 hours, while a pile for removal must be formed once a day. Teams of workers for complex cleaning should be replaced every 4 hours.

Today, to combat ice in the yards of residential buildings and on sidewalks, janitors widely use special chemicals. At the same time, many residents of settlements are wondering if this is legal, because such reagents can ruin clothes and shoes. There are norms for the use of the so-called PGR in yards, according to which the share of the territory cultivated by special means, cannot exceed 30% of total area. As for sidewalks, the amount of reagents should not be more than 200 g per square meter.

De-icing materials: how to test, where to store and where to buy

Improper snow removal in yards: where residents can complain

If the removal of snow and ice in the yard is of poor quality or is not performed at all, the owner has every right to file a claim with the managing organization. A complaint can be written on behalf of either one tenant or several (collective claim).

Today, it is necessary to deal with the negligence of public utilities systematically and methodically, avoiding even the smallest legal errors. A complaint to the management company must be drawn up correctly, in accordance with certain requirements.

In a letter with a claim, it is necessary to indicate who is its author (full name, address) and the recipient, then the essence of the complaint should be stated, and at the bottom of the text - the date of writing. Finally, the document must be signed. The text of the appeal can be presented in free form or according to the model given below.

Approximate algorithm for making a claim as follows.

At the top of the document, you must specify information about the recipient.
Below, in the middle of the page, is the name of the document (“application”, “claim”).
Then they state the essence of the complaint, for example: “I (full name), address of residence, according to the concluded agreement, am a consumer of services provided by the management company (the name of the organization is indicated). Payment for services (their list) is made by me in a timely manner and in accordance with established rules". The following is a list of violations by the Criminal Code.
The final part of the document contains a list of requirements put forward by residents of MKD, with reference to the law Russian Federation"On Protection of Consumer Rights" (Articles 27-31) and the Rules for the Provision of utilities as the basis for their implementation.
At the end, a request is made to the management company to take action, the date and signatures of the authors.

The document must be drawn up in two copies, on one of them (it may be a copy) the employee of the Criminal Code who accepted the complaint signs, confirming the fact of its receipt.

Legislation defines the period of consideration by management companies of claims of tenants:

for urgent matters - from 1 to 5 days;
on current issues - no more than 30 days from the date of submission.

If the management company has ignored the complaint of the tenants and has not corrected the problem, the complainants can redirect it to a higher organization, for example, to the district government or the district prefecture. At the same time, claims that relate to issues of violation of contractual relations and the quality of services are considered by the prosecutor's office, as well as Federal Service on supervision in the field of consumer protection and human well-being.

In other words, if the management organization further ignores the requirements set forth in the complaint, the apartment owners have every right to report this fact to the court or prosecutor's office. The first option is preferable for the reason that the enforcement of the court decision by the defendant will be officially controlled by the bailiffs.

How is snow removal in the yard controlled?

Compliance legislative norms snow removal from the yard is supervised by municipal housing inspectors. It is within the scope of their powers to supervise the maintenance of common property. In order for the inspectors to take action, residents should inform the administration municipality about the fact of the violation.

Management companies coordinate the frequency of snow removal in the yards with the residents of each house. If necessary, the contract also includes a service for its export. These issues are resolved in a similar manner if the house is managed by the HOA.

Often, in an effort to save money, apartment owners order 2-3 cleanings in the winter, which is clearly not enough. However, in this case, the management company fulfills the instructions of the residents, so the frequency of cleaning does not cause complaints from the municipal control authorities.

The minimum list of works to be performed managing organization in terms of snow removal, is indicated in government decree No. 290 of April 3, 2013. Residents can order more works than stated in this document. CC charges an additional fee for this. For example, it is according to this scheme that you can order the cleaning of a playground that does not belong to the local area (although it is considered common house property).

Additional works are agreed at the general meeting, more than 50% of the owners must agree with them. In this case, the Criminal Code takes over the solution of these tasks and enters their payment in the receipts. If the decision is drawn up in accordance with all the rules, then all tenants must pay for the extended list of works, even if they do not agree with this innovation.

Residents of houses do not always know exactly where to complain about the unremoved snow in the yard. Most often they apply to the local administration, and there they are already redirected to their destination - to the regional State Housing Inspectorate. This organization usually responds very quickly to requests. Its inspectors visit the designated yard, draw up a protocol and issue prescriptions for fines of the Criminal Code.

So that for each untimely removed snowdrift, the managing organization does not have to explain to the GZhI, it is necessary to establish and maintain good feedback with the residents. This is not easy, because you have to weed out a lot of unfounded claims, spend time and effort on this. However, here you need to make a choice - either your tenants, first of all, call the Criminal Code, the problem is fixed and eliminated as a priority, or they immediately contact the housing inspectorate, which entails additional difficulties in work and regular fines.

High-quality and timely snow removal in the courtyards is also hampered by the fact that today the boundaries of many common house land plots are indicated in the cadastral passport of the house, but are not taken out in kind. In this case, questions arise about which territories are cleared of precipitation by the management company or HOA, and which ones are cleared by the municipality.

Expert opinion

Failure to perform snow removal work in the yard may result in a fine.

Ruslan Popov,

supervisor law firm"Intel-Law"

Regulatory acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation also provide for administrative liability in relation to HOA, UK, LCD and other SECs for unscrupulous work on cleaning yards from precipitation.

For example, article Art. 6.12 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Moscow Region, which was adopted by the Law of the Moscow Region of 04.05.2016 No. 37/2016‑OZ, states that failure to remove snow and ice from the roof of apartment buildings entails liability. Legal entities are subject to a fine of up to 70 thousand rubles.

Let's take a look at one of the latest examples with penalties against the Criminal Code for poor snow removal. This will help to understand what proactive measures management organizations should take to avoid punishment during a busy winter period. Familiarity with practice is necessary in order to understand for which particular violations of the Criminal Code are most often held accountable.
For example, in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, management companies received a lot of fines this winter because of the unremoved snow brought by cyclones. By the beginning of January 2018, the total amount of fines amounted to 300,000 rubles. The main claims of local authorities are non-compliance with the deadlines set by law. So, 3 hours after the end of the cyclone, the entrances and sidewalks must be cleared to ensure the safety of the movement of residents. Only after that cleaning begins in the rest of the area around the house.

Fines are usually imposed at the most difficult period when it snows heavily, and many management companies really do not have time to cope with their duties. At such moments, the greatest number of complaints are received from residents, and the regulatory authorities are forced to respond to them. They intensify the raid activities, and the inspectors on the spot record the presence or absence of violations.

To reduce the likelihood of imposing a fine for untimely cleaning of the yard, the managing organization needs to:

monitor weather forecasts and be ready to quickly begin to eliminate the consequences of snowfalls;
work in the first place in the most critical areas relating to the safety of people;
be ready to clean around the clock and without interruptions. Sometimes you need to work in this mode, and saving on wipers can lead to a serious fine;
comply with the deadlines for clearing sidewalks, driveways, removal of stored snow, and so on;
Be prepared to meet yard monitors and tell them about the work in progress.

For the storage of snow masses on sidewalks and walkways in courtyards in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Moscow Region there is a separate article - 6.13. According to it, organizations can be fined up to 50,000 rubles.

Frequently asked questions about snow removal in yards

1. How fast should the snow be cleared?

There are certain standards for cleaning in yards, on sidewalks and on the roadway. In addition, the requirements depend on the duration of precipitation.

If they are prolonged - it snows for more than half a day - work must be carried out non-stop. In case of short precipitation, snow sweepers should clear the roadway immediately after it ends. In this case, 3 hours are allotted for cleaning the street. As for the sidewalks, they also need to be cleaned immediately, but more time is allocated for the full restoration of order - 4 hours.

2. What is the reason for the formation of a snowy mess?

We often see a mess near shops, at crossings, at intersections. It appears due to the fact that the snow was not destroyed in a timely manner, and a reagent got into the territory: liquid from the roadway, which is transported by the wheels of cars, or solid from the sidewalks, stuck to the soles of passers-by. To prevent the formation of such a mess, you need to quickly clean the snow in the yards, and especially in crowded places.

3. Whose responsibilities include cleaning parking pockets?

The cleaning of these sites is carried out by persons or organizations responsible for the territory in which they are located. If we are talking about parking pockets near shops, clinics, and other institutions - they are cleaned by janitors serving the area. Snow removal in parking lots in the yards is carried out by management companies.

Removal of precipitation from under cars parked near the MKD is carried out manually using a broom or shovel. If it is not possible to do this and for several days the caretaker cannot find the owner of the vehicle to move the car, then by law the janitors can do it themselves. The car is moved by a tow truck to another place in the visibility zone. Similar order applies to cars that were parked along the roadway.

4. How do ice and snow rolls appear?

Ice and snow rolls are snow compacted by feet or wheels. To prevent their occurrence, it is necessary to remove compacted snow in yards - once a day, on sidewalks and roads - immediately after sweeping. For this purpose, janitors use ice axes and scrapers, and snowplows are equipped with special knives.

5. How many reagents are allowed to be used?

When treating the territory of the yard with reagents, the janitor must use a special dosing cart, on the handle of which there is a panel with divisions. Adjusted on it required amount, - for example, 100 grams - the worker pushes the trolley forward, and the reagent scatters like a fan at a distance of a meter in all directions. The same territory is not allowed to be treated with special equipment more than 50 times during the season.

There are strict restrictions on reagent consumption:

up to 80-100 g per 1 square meter - at a temperature of 0 to minus 6 degrees;
up to 120 g - if the thermometer falls below.

At severe frosts more reagent is required. However, it is not a single dose of the substance that should be increased, but the number of treatments of the territory (there may be 2-3 during the day). In any case, it is forbidden to use more than 200 g of reagent per 1 sq. area meter.

6. What other restrictions are there on the use of reagents?

At the entrances of residential buildings and on the sidewalks, it is allowed to use reagents, however, no more than 30% of the total area can be processed. In parks and squares, on the territory of green areas and playgrounds, scatter chemical substances forbidden.

7. What reagent is currently used in Moscow?

From 2004 to 2007, the use of reagents for snow removal in the courtyards of Moscow was prohibited. This led to glaciation of the territory, due to which the inhabitants of the capital fell en masse, and fractures became more frequent. Therefore, according to the requirements of the regulations, de-icing has again become a mandatory element.

So, in 2008, the use of chemicals in Moscow was resumed, but liquid saline solutions, which led to the drying of vegetation and damage to shoes, were replaced by the KR-2 reagent.

Certified solid complex agent KR-2, which was recognized as safe for environment, is a white marble crumb with the addition of edible salt (sodium chloride) and formic acid salt (sodium formate). This chemical is supplied to the districts. The reagent is sprinkled on command in the event that icing of the asphalt is observed, or when a forecast is received for a decrease in temperature. The consumption rate of KR-2 is determined centrally and is 30-40 grams per 1 square meter of area.

8. Who finances the snow removal in the yards?

“Methodological guide for the maintenance and repair of the housing stock. MDK 2-04.2004 ”(clause 3.2.2.) states that the duties of owners of residential buildings, including municipal and state ones, include:

financing of a mandatory set of works for the maintenance and restoration of apartment buildings;
control over the performance of management functions;
ensuring additional work that are paid by consumers.

In other words, snow removal in the yards is financed by:

owners and tenants of residential premises;
local governments and state authorities.

When paying for cleaning in the courtyards, the owners and tenants of the premises are subject to the principles of freedom of movement of citizens and fairness of joint urban living. This means that everyone has the right to move around and park their car in a landscaped area cleared of snow. At the same time, to which house he is heading - his own or someone else's - does not matter. The citizen, in turn, must follow generally binding laws and pay taxes in budget system RF, and not to an individualized budget at the place of work or residence.

9. Is it allowed to clear snow in yards at night?

If the precipitation does not stop in the evening and the snow cover increases at a rate of more than 2 cm per hour, according to the regulations, it should be carried out continuously. The Department of Housing and Public Utilities and Improvement sends a telephone message about the transition to a round-the-clock mode of operation. In each district there are tractors that, in case of heavy snowfall, clean the yards one by one.

Also, do not forget about the law on silence, which regulates the noise level when working at night.

10. What should I do if the cars of the residents prevent me from clearing snow in the yard?

Often there are situations when apartment owners refuse to move their cars even for 2-3 hours, and because of this, cleaning the yard with a tractor becomes impossible. Residents at the same time refer to the fact that their cars are parked on the territory, which is part of their common property. In this case, the owners of apartments in MKD should be reminded of the requirements of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, which obliges them to maintain collective property in proper condition.

The minimum distance between residential premises and car parking is also regulated by law. These requirements are set out in SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03 ( new edition, tab. 7.1.1.), which were approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated September 25, 2007 No. 74. Using these standards, the managing organization can file a complaint against negligent tenants with the relevant authorities.

Expert opinion

Build relationships with residents

Alexander Kolomeytsev,

general manager NP "National Association of Organizations of the Housing and Communal Complex"

Attract active residents who have free time, to life at home and do it regularly. Active apartment owners will gladly accept your offer, and soon they will certainly support you in raising funds for repairs.

Invite residents to participate in the inspection of common property, provide them with more information about everything related to the house. Post informational announcements, place notices of the following type: “Attention! On January 15, snow removal will be carried out in the yard - please move the cars parked near the house.

Seeing that the MC is committed to interaction, active residents of the house will understand what your work is and feel like participants in it. After all, in fact, many of them are sure that managers are engaged exclusively in raising funds for repairs and do nothing else. Explain to apartment owners that the time of employment of employees of the management company and many residents coincides, so it is very difficult to see public utilities at work. In addition, many activities need to be carried out in the attic and basements therefore, it is also very problematic to observe them.

Snow removal in yards abroad: experience from different countries

Scandinavia and Central Europe

Snow pampers Sweden, Finland, Denmark in winter no less than middle lane Russia. However, in these countries, the authorities refused to treat the territory with reagents so as not to harm the environment and urban economy. The same rules apply in the countries of Central Europe. For example, in the capital of Germany, extremely dangerous sections of roads are allowed to be sprinkled with salt, which is supplied to Europeans, by the way, by Russian enterprises.

Snow removal in yards and other places is carried out using abrasive substances ( stone chips or gravel). After use, the materials are collected and screened, which allows them to be used repeatedly. In the spring, in order to collect the remnants of abrasives, special vacuum cleaners are used. By the way, many European countries do not use sand in icy conditions for the very reason that it is too difficult to collect for reuse.

Abrasive materials can not only cope with ice, but also significantly improve traction. However, they will be effective only if the snow is removed in a timely manner. For example, in Scandinavian countries it is customary to leave a few centimeters of snow cover, which rolls along with the gravel and forms a surface with excellent grip characteristics. But in Germany, Switzerland and Austria, the snow is removed to the very asphalt.

This method is successfully used in European countries, primarily due to the efficiency of public utilities. V major cities Sweden and Finland, for example, snowplows at any time of the day are ready to begin to eliminate the consequences of a snowfall.

In the case of particularly heavy rainfall, when any measures to clear the yards from snow and on the roads are not able to save the situation, even in Finnish cities there are traffic jams. Of course, they bear little resemblance to Moscow traffic jams tens of kilometers long, because, for example, Helsinki is several times smaller than the capital of Russia.

In a country like Sweden, even snow removal in the yards has not been without innovation. In an effort to improve the method of simultaneously laying snow and abrasive materials more perfect, the scientist Thorgeir Vaa began to spray sand on compacted snow in the following proportions: seven parts of sand to three parts of hot water.

Thanks to this combination, the sand melts into the snow better, which allows you to maintain excellent grip on the track for up to 7 days (of course, provided that there is no new precipitation). Despite the fact that the application of this technology requires special expensive equipment, it has been used since 2004 in some cities in Sweden.

USA and Canada

In the United States, heavy snowfalls do not occur as often as in Russia, for this reason there are not many large cities in the country that are familiar with specific winter problems. In areas suffering from heavy winter rainfall, yard cleaning is done by:

municipal authorities - when it comes to major highways and main streets;
private traders working on a government contract - on smaller streets and roads;
owners of their own houses. They must clean their yards within 24 hours after a snowfall, otherwise the citizens of the country face fines.

If you pay attention to the technological aspect, snow removal in the United States differs not in better side. Unlike Russia, where sodium chloride is used for road treatment, magnesium chloride is used for this purpose in the United States. source given substance are the Great Lakes, and it hurts metal constructions, thereby harming car owners and the city's economy as a whole.

At the same time, cleaning in the yards and on the streets of the United States is carried out much more quickly, which significantly reduces the time of exposure to a dangerous reagent.

Canada knows firsthand about heavy and frequent snowfalls, and reagents are widely used there. In large cities such as Vancouver, they cover the asphalt so plentifully that it is difficult to even see it. You won't envy Canadian car owners, because the roads everywhere are covered with the same unsafe magnesium chloride.

At the same time, Canada is the first country to use precipitation melting technology. In the 1970s, the first mobile snow melters were tested in Toronto.

Thanks to this, even today the cleaning of snow porridge, which is formed under the influence of a reagent, is well established in the country. Snow melters turn the collected snow into water, which then ends up in sewers.

Many people ask themselves the question - why do we need snow melting plants, if it is much easier to take snow masses out of the city or dump them into the river? Do not forget that in the conditions of modern cities, snow absorbs dissolved chemicals, exhaust gases, sand, etc. Without purification, all this snow mass in the spring can provoke a real environmental disaster.

Japan, Iceland

While Europe seeks to abandon the use of reagents and return to traditional snow removal measures in the yards, Iceland and Japan are fighting nature with its own methods. In the Japanese city of Sapporo, up to 5 meters of snow falls per year. Tired of the continuous clearing of sidewalks, local authorities have installed batteries in the city center that heat the roads and melt the snow.

Laws oblige the people of Sapporo to clean their yards. Trying to save own forces and time, many residents of the city install underground batteries on their site, the cost of which is about 10 thousand dollars.

However, heating is not able to cope with all the difficulties of large cities. And since the use of reagents is prohibited in Japan, ice is a frequent occurrence in the country, especially on those streets and roads that are not equipped with batteries. Sodium chloride (technical salt) is processed exclusively on highways in order to prevent ice from forming under the cars.

Separate northern regions Japan is characterized by large quantity rainfall that can completely cover the tracks. In these cases, a special technique is used, which cleans the track along the markings, forming snow walls. Even tourists from other countries fly to Japan to admire such a snowy corridor.

Absolutely eco friendly way used for snow removal in the yards and on the streets of Iceland. Roads and sidewalks in this country, like private houses, are heated with water from geothermal sources. The snow melts instantly due to the heat from the hot pipes. natural water, crossing the space of city streets.

New Zealand

The temperature in the cities of New Zealand rarely drops below zero, but the inhabitants of the country are well aware of what a heavy snowfall is. The authorities everywhere use calcium-magnesium acetate for snow removal in yards and on the streets, which is environmentally friendly and metal-friendly. A feature of this reagent is that it ceases to act when the temperature drops to minus 7 degrees Celsius.

Another anti-icing material that is harmless to nature and humans is urea. This substance is able to slow down the corrosion of metal, however, due to its high cost, it is rarely used in large cities.

Information about experts

Alexander Kolomeytsev, General Director of NP "National Association of Organizations of Housing and Communal Complex".

Ruslan Popov, head of the law firm "Intel-Law". The company provides legal services legal entities(commercial and non-profit organizations, enterprises, cooperatives, joint-stock companies), provides legal support to representatives of corporate business, cooperates with individuals.

Maintenance rates for harvested areas depend on the time of year, weather conditions, type of area coverage and other factors.

Summer cleaning– manual sweeping (norms for mechanized cleaning in this technique not included), watering the adjoining areas (from a watering tap in a residential building, with the cost of water attributable to general house needs), lawn care.

Winter cleaning– sweeping and shifting of snow, sprinkling of ice with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides, removal of snow and snow-ice formations.

1. The norms are established differentially for territories with improved pavements (asphalted, cobbled), unimproved (gravel, cobblestone) and unpaved areas, depending on the classes of these territories.

Adjoining territories (courtyards) according to the norms of technical operation belong to class I.

Regulatory part:

Profession - janitor

Category of work (in accordance with OK 016-94 (OKPDTR) with changes No. 1-7) - 1

The amount of wages (see table No. 9) -9707.07 rubles. per month

Service standards for manual cleaning of the territory of households.

Scope of work:

Territory type	Norm of time per 1m2, in min.	Service time, 1200 m2, hour

A) Summer period from April 05 to November 05 - 7 months
1. Sweeping the territory manually. Scope of work: sweeping the territory and transferring garbage to a designated place.
With advanced coating: (1 time per day);	0,08	1200*0,08/60=1,60
	0,11	1200*0,11/60=2,2
Without cover	0,13	1200*0,13/60=2,60
2. Cleaning lawns from leaves, branches and debris. Scope of work: removal of garbage from lawns and transfer of garbage to a designated place.
Lawn cleaning (1 time in 2 days) - norm 3100 m2	0,05	3130*0,05/60/2=1,30
3. Uniform watering of lawns from hoses.
Uniform watering of lawns from hoses	0,06	No
4. Cleaning trash bins
	0,06	10*0,06/60=0,01
5. Flushing urns
Washing urns (1 time per month)	2,88	10*2,88/60/30=0,02
Total employment in summer period		2.93 hours*7/12=1.71
B) Winter period from November 05 to April 05 - 5 months
1. Sweeping freshly fallen snow without pre-treatment territory with a mixture of sand and chlorides. Scope of work: sweeping freshly fallen snow, raking snow into shafts or heaps. The frequency of snow precipitation - 40%
With advanced coating	0,14	12000,14/60=2,800,4=1,12
With unfinished coating	0,17	12000,17/60=3,400,4=1,36
Without cover	0,21	12000,21/60=4,200,4=1,68
2. Sprinkling of the territory with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides Frequency of sleet -10%
Preparation and sprinkling of the territory with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides (1 time per day during ice) -	0,50+0,13	12000,10,63/60=1,26*0,1=0,13
Sanding of rubbish yards	0,13	60*0,13/60=0,13
3. Cleaning the territory from ice. Scope of work: chipping ice up to 2 cm thick. Raking into shafts or heaps.
Clearing the territory from ice (20% of footpaths) The share of the winter period with ice – 20% (1 time in 3 days)	4,25	12000,24,25/60*0,2/3=1,13
4. Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and vacant lots
Throwing snow and chips on lawns and free areas, per 1 m3	23,9	12000,20,0323,9/600,1= 0,29
6. Cleaning trash bins
Cleaning trash bins (1 time per day)	0,06	10*0,06/60=0,01
Total at winter period		2.81*5/12=1.17 hours
Total average annual employment per day with a cleaning rate of 1200 m2		1.71+1.17=2.88 hour

1. watering of all types of coatings is carried out at an air temperature of +25°C and above - 1 time per day.

2. Lawns are cleaned (during the warm season) once every two days. Watering lawns at an air temperature of +25°C and above is carried out daily.

Enlarged standards of service for manual cleaning of the territory of households.

The calculation was made according to the existing territorial norm for maintenance of manual cleaning, which the janitor must clean during his work shift and receives a time payment for this at the rate of rubles per hour (the norm is 1200 m2 of hard surface area and 3000 m2 of lawns.
The territorial rate of maintenance of manual cleaning is averaged. In fact, it varies from the norm of time required for cleaning 1 sq.m, depends both on the type of territory and the type of formation (dusty estimate, cleaning from a thin or thick layer of fallen snow, chipping snow-ice formation)

In accordance with housing code RF land plot, on which the apartment building is located, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, belongs to the owners of the premises in the apartment building on the basis of common shared ownership.
Service standards for workers engaged in work on the sanitary maintenance of households (janitors) are approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of 06/24/1996. No. 38 and are recommended for use in housing organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms and types of ownership.
Service rates are recommended for calculating the number and rational distribution of workers employed in the sanitary maintenance of households in housing organizations.
The costs of maintaining the local area are determined at a general meeting of homeowners and are included in the tariff for the maintenance and repair of apartment buildings.

Scope of work: sweeping, moving freshly fallen snow, clearing the area from compacted snow, from ice and ice, throwing snow and chips dropped from roofs, sanding, cleaning bins and garbage, cleaning container areas, cleaning lawns.

Profession - janitor

Category of work (in accordance with OK 016-94 (OKPDTR) with changes No. 1-7) -1

Tariff rate with an 8 hour working day (see table No. 9) - 9707.07 rubles. per month

Table 27

The average monthly estimated amount of wages is 9707.07 * 0.49 = 4756 rubles.

The frequency of cleaning work on the territory of households.

Table 28

cold period
Sweeping freshly fallen snow up to 2 cm thick	1 time per day on snowy days
Shifting freshly fallen snow with a layer thickness of more than 2 cm	3 hours later during snowfall
Sprinkling the territory with sand or a mixture of sand and chlorides	1 time per day during ice
Clearing areas of frost and ice	1 time in three days during ice
Sweeping the area on days without snowfall	1 time in two days on days without snowfall
Cleaning trash bins	1 time per day
Urn washing	1 time per month
	2 times per cold period
	1 time per day
Shifting freshly fallen snow on days of heavy snowfall	3 times a day
warm period
Sweeping the territory on days without precipitation and on days with precipitation up to 2 cm	1 time in two days
Partial cleaning of territories on days with more than 2 cm of precipitation	1 time in two days (50% of the territory)
Cleaning trash bins	1 time per day
Urn washing	2 times a month
Wiping street signs and washing license lights	5 times during the warm period
Lawn cleaning	1 time in two days
Watering lawns, green spaces	1 time in two days
Cleaning of container sites	1 time per day
Sweeping the area on days with heavy rainfall	1 time in two days
Territory washing	3 times during the warm period

Scope of work: sweeping freshly fallen snow, raking snow into shafts or heaps. Frequency of snow precipitation - 40% With improved coverage 0.14 1200*0.14/60=2.80*0.4=1.12 With non-improved coverage 0.17 1200*0.17/60=3.40*0 ,4=1.36 Uncoated 0.21 1200*0.21/60=4.20*0.4=1.68 or a mixture of sand with chlorides (1 time per day during ice) - 0.50+0.13 1200*0.1*0.63/60=1.26*0.1=0.13 Sprinkling of garbage sites with sand 0 ,13 60*0.13/60=0.13 3. Clearing the area from ice. Scope of work: chipping ice up to 2 cm thick. Raking into shafts or heaps.

The standard for cleaning the territory for a janitor according to the law

Attention

How often is it necessary to inspect, remove debris, remove bins, wash and disinfect them;

Organization of labor when cleaning entrances and adjacent territory. This paragraph describes the need for wet cleaning of entrances, elevators, washing windows, as well as sweeping ceilings.

And if, to put it humanly, then not every manager observes the rule of law in the execution of the rights of employees. Their work is the lowest paid in Russia, and there is absolutely no respect from citizens living in houses on the territory entrusted for ennoblement to this worker. In this article, you learned about the cleaning standards for a janitor.

What are the rules for cleaning the territory for janitors (2018)

Cleaning norms for a janitor according to the law

Clearing the area from ice (20% of footpaths) Share of winter period with ice – 20% (1 time in 3 days) 4.25 1200*0.2*4.25/60*0.2/3=1.13 4 .Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and free areas Throwing snow and chips onto lawns and free areas, per 1 m3 23.9 1200*0.2*0.03*23.9/60*0.1= 0.29 6 Cleaning of rubbish bins Cleaning of rubbish bins (1 time per day) 0.06 10*0.06/60=0.01 Total during the winter period 2.81*5/12=1.17 hours Total average annual employment per day with a cleaning rate of 1200 m2 1.71+1.17=2.88 hours Recommended mode of care for the territory of households: 1. watering of all types of coatings is carried out at an air temperature of +25°C and above - 1 time per day. 2. Lawns are cleaned (during the warm season) once every two days. Watering lawns at an air temperature of +25°C and above is carried out daily.

Norms of maintenance of cleaned territories of households.

PreviousPage 7 of 8Next ⇒ The section was developed in accordance with the "Recommendations on the rationing of labor for workers engaged in the maintenance and repair of housing stock MDK 2-02-01 (approved by order of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation dated December 09, 1999 No. 139) Maintenance rates for cleaned areas depend on time year, weather conditions, type of area coverage and other factors. Summer cleaning - manual sweeping (norms for mechanized cleaning are not included in this methodology), watering the adjoining areas (from a watering tap in a residential building, with the cost of water attributable to general house needs), lawn care. Winter cleaning - sweeping and shifting snow, sprinkling ice with sand or a mixture of sand with chlorides, removing snow and snow-ice formations.

Legislative base of the Russian Federation

The territorial rate of maintenance of manual cleaning is averaged. In fact, it varies from the norm of time required to clean 1 sq.m., depends both on the type of territory and the type of formation (dusty estimate, cleaning from a thin or thick layer of fallen snow, chipping snow-ice formation) In accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation the land plot on which the apartment building is located, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, belongs to the owners of the premises in the apartment building on the basis of common shared ownership. The service standards for workers employed in the sanitary maintenance of households (janitors) were approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated June 24. 1996

Cleaning standards for a janitor

Cleaning area standards for a janitor

Info

Time spent on the entire scope of work, taking into account the frequency, min., gr. 2 x gr. 5 x gr. 6 Section and N norms according to the collection volume of work performed number of days of work during the year frequency of work performance frequency of work during the year (times) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Sweeping freshly fallen snow with a layer thickness of up to 2 cm from territories: 1 class 5000 sq. m 67 After 3 hours during a snowfall 540 0.14 378000 3.1.1 p. 1 "b" 2 class 10000 sq. m 67 After 2 hours 810 0.16 1296000 - "- p. 1 "d" 3 class 2000 sq. m 67 After 1 hour 1620 0.20 648000 - "- p. 1 "e" 2. Sanding the territories: 1 class 5000 sq. m 13 1 time per day 13 0.13 8450 3.1.4 p.

1 "b" 2 classes 10000 sq. m 13 The same 13 0.15 19500 - "- p. 2 "b" 3 class 2000 sq. m 13 The same 13 0.17 4420 - » - p. 3 "b" 3. Clearing compacted snow from areas with improved coatings: class 1 1000 sq. m.

The standard of the cleaned area for the janitor

Table 1 1. EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION OF THE NUMBER OF janitors List of works Initial data<* Норма времени обслуживания на единицу измерения, мин. Затраты времени на весь объем работ с учетом повторяемости, мин., гр. 2 x гр. 5 x гр. 6 Раздел и N нормы по сборнику объем выполняемых работ количество дней работы в течение года периодичность выполнения работ повторяемость работ в течение года (раз) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Подметание свежевыпавшего снега толщиной слоя до 2 см с территорий: 1 класса 5000 кв.
m 67 After 3 hours during a snowfall 540 0.14 378000 3.1.1 p. 1 "b" 2 class 10000 sq. m 67 After 2 hours 810 0.16 1296000 - "- p. 1 "d" 3 class 2000 sq. m 67 After 1 hour 1620 0.20 648000 - " - p. 1 "e" 2. Sanding the territories: 1st class 5000 sq. m 13 1 time per day 13 0.13 8450 3.1.4 p. 1 "b" 2 classes 10000 sq. m 13 The same 13 0.15 19500 - " - p. 2 "b" 3 class 2000 sq. m 13 The same 13 0.17 4420 — » — p.
To determine the number of janitors, it is necessary: to establish the list and volume of manual cleaning work performed by janitors during the year; determine the frequency of work per year, taking into account climatic conditions and the local rules for the operation of territories served by a housing and maintenance organization; determine the labor intensity of work for the year on the basis of the norms given in the collection; calculate the number of janitors according to the formulas given in the general part of the collection. The frequency of work per year is made up of two components: the possible number of days of specific work in a year, which is determined according to the data of meteorological services, and the frequency of work on these days, which is established in accordance with the rules for the operation of territories served by a housing maintenance organization. For example: to determine the frequency of work on sweeping territories in the city of

Frequency of snow precipitation - 40% With improved coverage 0.14 1200*0.14/60=2.80*0.4=1.12 With non-improved coverage 0.17 1200*0.17/60=3.40*0 ,4=1.36 Uncoated 0.21 1200*0.21/60=4.20*0.4=1.68 or a mixture of sand with chlorides (1 time per day during ice) - 0.50+0.13 1200*0.1*0.63/60=1.26*0.1=0.13 Sprinkling of garbage sites with sand 0 ,13 60*0.13/60=0.13 3. Clearing the area from ice. Scope of work: chipping ice up to 2 cm thick. Raking into shafts or heaps.

Each of us is pleased to live in a clean and comfortable city. Agree that it is much better to watch clean sidewalks while walking down the street than to walk along a spit and littered road. Of course, a lot in the cleanliness of the streets depends on us. Less litter - cleaner city. It is difficult to argue with this statement. But a lot also depends on the work of the janitors.

In modern Russia, the cleaning of streets and yards can be carried out by both utility workers and employees of cleaning companies. However, any worker who picks up a broom should read the norms for cleaning the territory by janitors in order, on the one hand, to know their rights, and on the other, not to hack.

In Moscow, such norms are quite clearly defined. They have been operating since 2004.

The document that regulates such norms is the order of the Government of Moscow. Each organization sets certain standards for its janitors, but all of them must comply with the above document. This document clearly regulates the cleaning area of the janitor, the size of which depends on several factors.

First of all, the daily cleaning area depends on the season. Back in 1998, by order of the Mayor of Moscow, the following boundaries of the cold and warm periods of the year were determined. So, the cold period starts from November and lasts until March. Accordingly, warm - from April to October inclusive.

Based on this division, the norms for cleaning the territory by janitors suggest the following. During the cold period, the cleaning area is 900 sq.m., regardless of the type of coverage of the surface to be cleaned. As for the warm period, here the norms depend on the type of surface coating. So, for example, an improved coating involves a cleaning area of up to 1700 square meters. m. The size of the uncovered area, which is supposed to be cleaned, is increased to 5000 sq.m. The area intended for cleaning on lawns is significantly reduced. Here it is enough to clean 600 sq.m. per day. Thus, for Moscow, the norms for cleaning the area for the janitor are determined. Based on the order of the Moscow Government, each structure or organization draws up its own standards, which must necessarily comply with labor legislation. An increase in these norms should be agreed with the representatives of the employee, which are, first of all, trade union organizations.

We must not forget that in addition to janitors, organizations responsible for the removal and disposal of garbage are also responsible for the cleanliness of the streets. Regardless of the size of the city, such work must be coordinated and carried out in a timely manner. I would like to note the rather well-organized garbage collection in Voronezh and its environs. But not only million-plus cities can boast of a good organization of such a process. For example, garbage collection in Yaroslavl is also distinguished by its coherence and timeliness. To achieve this result, dozens of companies for the removal and disposal of garbage work in the city.

Returning to Moscow, I would like to note that the norms of cleaning the territories described above are strictly observed by the janitors. This applies to all administrative districts of the city of Moscow, no matter how far from the center they are. I would like to take Zelenograd as an example, which is serviced by a fairly large number of cleaning organizations. Likewise, garbage disposal in Zelenograd takes place at a high level.

Now, after reading this article, you are aware of what the norms for cleaning the territory by janitors are, and how they are observed. And remember that the cleanliness in your hometown depends not only on service organizations, but also on yourself.

Janitors

(Entered into force on 01.01.2013)

1st wiper output	from 6.00 to 11.00
Lunch, rest	from 11.00 to 13.45
2nd wiper output	from 14.00 to 17.00
Saturday	from 8.00 to 14.00
Day off, duty of janitors throughout the territory in the summer	Sunday from 8.00 to 11.00
In winter, on days of snowfall, the time is adjusted, but does not exceed 8 hour working days

Hourly instruction of the working day.

6.00 a.m. Exit to the assigned yard area.

from 6.00 to 6.30

Cleaning of container sites. In winter, cleaning from snow and ice to asphalt or concrete base of the site. In the summer, sweeping the site and collecting the spilled garbage in containers. Washing and processing of the container platform once every 10 days (except for the winter period) with disinfectants. Regardless of the time of year, the janitor cleans the adjacent territory to the container site 3 meters around the perimeter. In case of detection of a pile (breakdown of the schedule of garbage removal) at the container site, inform the foreman and the Customer's operation service, take measures to eliminate it. Transfer bulky waste to bins.

from 6.30 to 7.00

Bypassing the assigned territory, collecting random garbage. Cleaning garbage from bins in recreation areas, playgrounds and at the entrances. Inspection of the MAF for structural integrity.

from 7.00 to 11.00 Main cleaning

In winter, cleaning the yard area (clearing snow from the entrances to the porches to the asphalt in the presence of ice, processing the PGM in the morning before the start of work and in the evening before the end of work). Cleaning to asphalt of pedestrian areas (sidewalks, paths and yard driveways, entrances to children's, sports grounds and recreation areas). Cleaning the blind area from snow and ice. Clearing curbstones from snow and ice, clearing lawn fences from snow. Planning and tedding snow on lawns.

In the summer, sweeping sidewalks, yard driveways, recreation areas, playgrounds, blind area. Raking all lawns in the assigned area. Removal of sprouted grass on asphalt, concrete, and tile surfaces. Mowing grass on lawns (at a height of more than 20 cm), spreading puddles after rain on pedestrian and walking areas (sidewalks, paths with paved and gravel, recreation areas for the population).

from 11.00 to 13.45

Break for lunch, rest, putting in order the working form, if necessary, repairing inventory.

from 13.45 to 17.00

Execution of urgent works, fulfillment of requests, participation in mass works. Performing additional work on behalf of the master or the maintenance service of the "Customer". Continuation of the main complex of works on cleaning and maintenance of the courtyard area.

Note:

1. During the working day, once every two hours, walk around the yard area and collect random garbage, cleaning the container area.

2. In case of detection of piles of garbage in the yard area and container areas, take measures to eliminate them immediately. (Move garbage to free containers and bins).

Material liability:

1. For the provided equipment, clothing and tools, the janitor shall be liable in proportion to the cost, by deduction from wages.

2. For the absence of a janitor in the yard during working hours for 1 hour, a fine of 300 rubles is imposed.

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