Types of combined houses made of stone and wood: design and construction. House made of stone and wood

Construction combined houses answers modern trends. People are trying to make their homes reliable, durable and environmentally friendly. Structures made of stone and wood fully meet these requirements. They are very practical and are becoming increasingly popular among private developers. Experts tell us what you need to know before drawing up a project, what are the pros and cons of houses of this type.

Combined houses: what is it?

This type of building is not know-how. Back in the days Kievan Rus They noticed that such houses are strong, light, more resistant to fire and retain heat better. With the development of technology, there are more variations in the combination of materials for combined houses. However, the stone remains closest to the ideal.

Two-part houses, as a rule, have 2 floors. The basement level is built from durable stone that is not afraid of fire, strong wind, precipitation, groundwater and abundant sun. In addition, the stone base of the house becomes an excellent support for the second floor, which is assembled from wood. The timber helps to increase the energy efficiency of the structure, adds coziness, beauty and convenience. It can be of several types, depending on the purpose:

Houses made of stone and wood are warm and reliable

1. Glued. One element consists of many thin glued lamellas made of softwood.
2. Unprofiled. Regular timber, obtained after processing a log at a sawmill. The cheapest option for construction.
3. Profiled. It has grooves and bulges for reliable fixation and improved thermal insulation at the joints. Has clearly defined parameters.

Among the projects of composite private dwellings, the chalet style is in demand - Swiss shepherd's houses with characteristic strongly protruding eaves overhangs. The cottage got its shape for a reason. It allows maximum conversion of solar rays into thermal energy. Second wooden floor such a house is .

Attention! Other options for combination with wood: concrete, foam blocks, expanded clay blocks or reinforced concrete.

Pros and cons of combined houses

The popularity of such cottages is explained by the large predominance of positive characteristics over negative ones. This type of building is actually quite practical. Its advantages:

• lightweight construction, reduced pressure on the foundation (compared to a conventional stone or brick house);
• the possibility of construction in a place with close groundwater;
• durability;
• the possibility of construction using modern eco-materials that are safe for the environment;
• a wide selection of design solutions along with high aesthetics;

• efficiency;
• higher fire safety (compared to buildings made only of wood or modern combustible materials);
• increased protection against moisture;
• The function of the second floor is a thermos: in hot weather it will be cool there, in cold weather it will be warmer.

Attention! Environmental friendliness of materials is not a fiction. It has been proven that living in a wooden environment improves sleep and normalizes nervous system and prevents the development of diseases respiratory tract(if the timber is made of coniferous species).

There are not many disadvantages of two-part houses:

• wood lasts less than stone;
• Stone and wood have extremely different physical and technological properties, because of this, after use during severe frost or difficulties may arise in the heat;
• even in combination with a non-flammable neighbor, the timber remains a flammable material.

Stone is not as light as foam blocks or expanded clay building materials. Such a house should be additionally strengthened against subsidence with a high foundation. Nevertheless, combined housing is a solution for those who cannot afford it. two-story cottage. Architects also recommend this type of structure when, due to heavy load, the foundation of a 2-story brick or stone house may burst or cause distortion. In fact, an ordinary foundation for a 1-story house is sufficient for the construction.

The design approach to the arrangement of rooms can be anything, but usually fits into the natural concept. The facade of the house is also usually not additionally covered - the more natural the texture looks, the better. The stone part can be additionally decorated in a rural or other direction, and the timber can be decorated with carvings.

There are exceptions when, with the help of modern facing materials both floors result in a uniform design style. But in this case we should not forget about different characteristics materials. On one, after a few years, the cladding will still look good, on the other it will no longer hold up.

When drawing up a project, the size of the home does not matter. In the photo you can see cottages that are completely different in size and design. The condition of the soil is also unimportant. The main thing is that the ground is not swampy and can support a one-story stone house.

The construction of such a building takes relatively little time. The main period will be spent on pouring, drying the foundation and raising stone walls. Lightweight wooden level It folds much faster: it does not require finishing. At least for the first time, you can live with bare wooden walls while you decorate the lower floor. Even before you pick up a spatula or cladding panels, carry out communications. They are advised to be located only on the 1st floor.

Attention! The combination of premises for business and life in a 2-story combined house is quite in demand. Downstairs the owners are setting up a commercial area, and upstairs they live themselves, making a separate exit and communications.

The combination of materials in housing construction opens up wide possibilities for its styling. You can make a home to suit every taste. To avoid disappointment with the result, work only with experienced builders.

During construction combined house The lower floor is made of stone, and the upper floor is made of wood. This design makes it possible to fully implement everything positive sides selected materials and avoid the appearance of their negative features.

Service life

Stone is used due to the fact that it is very durable, has a long service life, does not rot, and does not begin to deteriorate from the influence of water and moisture. It is worth noting that many people often do not feel comfortable in stone buildings. When moving from an apartment outside the city, you want to feel more comfort. It is a little more difficult to heat a stone structure than a wooden one, but the reliability of the structure fully compensates for this shortcoming.

Wood, in turn, has a positive effect on the atmosphere inside, making the cottage more comfortable and warm, and also perfectly regulates indoor humidity. Wooden house creates a more emotional and personal feeling of home than typical high-rise buildings with neighbors on all sides. Some people are afraid of the fact that wood is an excellent burning material, and they are also afraid of exposure to moisture, fungi, small rodents or termites, but with modern technologies all these problems have long been solved.

Houses made of stone and wood ideally combine such an original base and upper floors, which makes it possible to eliminate two birds with one stone, separating the functionality of wood and stone in such a way as to obtain the advantages of each material. This structure also has a very non-standard, stylish and original appearance, which its owners will not fail to like.

Where should wooden structures be installed, and where should brick ones be installed?

Build inexpensive combined house need it right. The first floor of the building is made using brickwork. The most effective and good decision Insulation will be arranged using the ventilated façade technique. Can also be used aerated concrete blocks. Thus, on the ground floor it is worth installing the most “flammable” rooms, such as a kitchen, a room with a fireplace, a sauna, and also a place for cars.

The attic floor is built using wood. The most commonly used are logs, laminated or profiled timber, unplaned timber with finishing and insulation. From above, the wood is securely covered by large roof overhangs, and it is separated from the wet ground by an entire floor. Thanks to special protective coatings such wood can last very long long time without deteriorating or aging. Therefore, on this floor, with greater comfort and better ecology, it is worth placing living quarters.

It is necessary to approach the choice of decoration inside the house with great responsibility, so that the stone and wooden parts of the house are harmoniously combined with each other. However, you should not create monotony in the interior; it is better to emphasize the advantages of each material. Such buildings are furnished inside in a “country” style, which effectively emphasizes the advantages of materials, as well as natural forms.

How to build a combined house inexpensively

The price of building a house depends on:

• the materials you decide to choose for construction;
• your design requirements;
• site location;
• building area.

By choosing high-quality and reliable contractors, you can build a real dream cottage!

Combined Vacation home is an always attractive building that has been popular for many years. Such buildings first began to appear in the Middle Ages in the Alps; they were erected by shepherds during wintering. Gradually they began to gain popularity throughout Europe, until they reached our country. The “chalet” style allows designers to show all their creativity and imagination. For example, the top floor can be decorated in a medieval style.

Prices for the construction of combined houses in the Vitoslavitsa company

In our company, prices for turnkey combined houses are very affordable for everyone. We can do both standard options, prepared in advance by our specialists, and the construction of houses according to private drawings, which will be developed in strict accordance with your wishes.

The Vitoslavica company is building country houses in the best Russian traditions, improving our professionalism and introducing new ones into each subsequent project engineering solutions and creative thoughts. If you want to order the construction of a combined house in Moscow, then perhaps it’s time to make your desire come true by contacting us.

We can offer you standard combined buildings or implement individual project turnkey houses.

Advantages of combined houses

A combined house is a harmonious symbiosis of the solidity and aristocracy of stone with the natural warmth of wood, providing the exterior of the home with a wonderful appearance, and the interior with an inimitable atmosphere, imbued with coziness and comfort. However, this is not all that these buildings have earned an excellent reputation and ensured wide popularity.

The main advantages of such houses include the following:

• Saving. Only the first floor is built from brick (sometimes from clay adobe, river shell rock or cinder blocks), and the second floor is made of wood. Such an architectural solution ensures a relatively low weight of the structure and, as a result, no need for a very expensive foundation. Moreover, the costs of building a second floor also using stone are usually much higher than the costs when using wooden materials.
• High fire safety. It is obvious that the tree is flammable material, however, the construction of the first floor, where the kitchen, fireplace, and boiler room are usually located, from stone significantly reduces the risk of fire, and when such a need arises, it simplifies the localization of the fire.
• Durability. The brick has extremely high resistance to destruction under the influence of moisture and is distinguished by mechanical strength. In turn, timber and wood composites produced at Vitoslavitsa also have high resistance to negative influences environment and mechanical loads, however, reducing the frequency and intensity of such impacts only increases the service life of the house.
• All-season comfort. Combined houses made of stone and wood retain heat well. At the same time, the latter material helps to stabilize the humidity in the room, thereby achieving a comfortable microclimate in the premises.

Construction stages

If you do not take into account the development of the project, then the construction of any capital building It begins with the construction of the foundation. In this case optimal options are recessed strip and slab.

• Beginning of construction of stone walls (as mentioned above, materials such as brick, clay adobe, river shell rock, cinder block can be used);
• Installation of floor coverings;
• Completion of the construction of stone walls;
• Installation of wall coverings;
• Assembly of the second floor (rounded logs, laminated veneer lumber or profiled beams are used);
• Installation load-bearing structure roofs;
• Arrangement of thermal, steam and waterproofing, as well as installation of roof ventilation;
• Roofing;
• Summing up utility networks and systems;
• Exterior and interior decoration of the house.

Advantages of ordering combined houses from Vitoslavitsa

• Wide choice beautiful houses: we can implement both the combined house projects presented on our website and develop an exclusive solution for you.
• Availability own production: this allows us not only to guarantee the quality of the materials used, but also to provide you with maximum benefits from cooperation with us.
• Impeccable reputation: Vitoslavitsa has been building private houses for more than 5 years, and during this time we have made more than 150 customers happy.

Houses made of stone and wood appeared quite a long time ago. Currently, such houses are increasingly popular in.

- this is usually where the first floor is brick or stone, and the second floor is wooden.

Project of a two-story house made of stone and wood

To build it, use or. Each floor has its own distinctive features. They can be characterized as follows:

1. First floor. It is characterized as a practical structure. It is quite strong and stable, well suited for placing a bathroom or kitchen in it.
2. Second floor. A very warm and comfortable floor, ideal for living. It is very suitable for placing bedrooms and an office in it.

Wood and stone - their description and properties

Both types of these building materials have their advantages and disadvantages:

The combination of these two materials solves many practical problems, and also helps to compensate for the disadvantages of one material, while emphasizing the advantages of the other.

Advantages and disadvantages of combined houses

Houses built from wood in combination with brick, like all other buildings and structures, have both their pros and cons. The advantages of a combined house include the following indicators:

The disadvantages of combined buildings include such a significant disadvantage as different terms exploitation of wood and stone. Wooden walls are suitable for living for half a century. If the walls were built from panels or in the form of a frame, then their service life will be significantly reduced.

Therefore, after a certain period of time, the moment still comes when the first brick floor is still strong and reliable, and the second wooden floor is already in need of repair.

To extend the service life of wood, it is necessary to choose only high-quality, well-dried wood for construction. It is also necessary to consider a drainage system from the walls. At each stage of construction, ensure the tightness of all cuts on the racks and beams of the building.

Combined houses made of stone and wood, the designs of which usually include a brick (stone, concrete) first (ground) floor and wooden second (attic ) is an attempt to level out the disadvantages of some materials at the expense of the advantages of others. Stone (brick) is very strong, durable and reliable material, but at the same time it takes a very long time to warm up and requires both internal and often external finishing work.

Wood is an environmentally friendly and healthy material with excellent thermal insulation, but it is also very fire hazardous and relatively short-lived. Combining these materials allows you to minimize costs, ensuring maximum energy savings and high construction speed.

Features of designing combined houses

House designs using stone and wood have a fairly long architectural history. These include half-timbered houses, which wooden frame filled with stones, or alpine chalets, which were originally the dwellings of shepherds.

However, the construction of a combined house made of wood and stone was quite common in Russian architecture - in the 19th century, enterprising merchants mediocre, minimizing costs, built two-story houses, in which the first floor made of stone was “business” - it housed a store (shop) or office. But the second floor was allocated for living space.

A combined stone-wood house will allow you to make the most of strengths each material:

• the use of brick (stone, concrete blocks) - a non-combustible material - on the ground floor is quite justified, because there is a living room with fireplace, kitchen, possibly a garage and other rooms with increased risk occurrence of a fire. In addition, in this case it will be easier to obtain permission and install the boiler on the ground floor

• durability - to the greatest negative impact(moisture, fungus, mold, insects) are exposed to lower crowns wooden house, close to the ground. The first floor, built of brick, will last for decades without reducing reliability, because brick is practically not affected by negative natural factors, and wood will be protected from moisture and the influence of groundwater

Advice! When designing combined houses, you can abandon the high foundation characteristic of wooden houses– brick withstands moisture well.

• profitability - in financial terms, a combined “brick + wood” house will cost less than a complete one brick house, and this is only if we take into account the cost of the material. It is worth considering additional costs: insulation of brick walls, Finishing work, heating the residential floor - the financial benefits will be especially noticeable

• energy efficiency - wood retains heat much better than brick, which will save on heating the living area, but you should not neglect the insulation of the basement

• combining materials will significantly reduce total weight buildings, so you can further save on laying the foundation

Advice! To further reduce weight, the second floor can be constructed using non-material timber or rounded logs, but use frame technology

• speed of construction - both the brick and wooden parts of the house are built quite quickly, but while the wooden part is shrinking (this can take up to a year for rounded logs, for laminated veneer lumber this is not very significant), you can finish the first floor and even move into it

• aesthetics - combining materials allows you to get a very unusual and attractive exterior; such designs make it possible to implement interesting and non-standard design solutions and approaches.

The first floor, built of brick, is distinguished by its excellent practical advantages - it is stable, strong, ideal for equipment bathrooms, laundry room, boiler room, mini-swimming pool, heated garage, as well as a kitchen, dining room and living room. The second floor, built of wood, is distinguished by an atmosphere of comfort and warmth, thanks to its natural qualities, wood provides natural air exchange and humidity regulation, so it is optimal to equip rooms with a minimum engineering communications and installations - bedrooms, children's rooms, office.

IN modern construction there is a gradual abandonment of brick in favor of aerated concrete or other types cellular concrete. First of all, they are lighter, which allows for additional savings on laying the foundation. Important point– with the same strength, aerated concrete has significantly best performance thermal insulation than brick. But the second floor can be built from rounded logs, profiled or laminated timber, or frame method.

There are two approaches to designing the facade of combined houses:

• single style - in this case the whole house is decorated in the same style, the difference between floors is completely eliminated, for which it can be used as decorative plaster, and siding. Brick floor can be finished imitation timber, block house, clapboard, etc., so that visually the house is completely wooden

• different design - the second floor in this case remains untouched (the wood can only be additionally painted or varnished), the first floor is finished decorative bricks or plaster, tiles, stone (natural or artificial).

During the construction of combined houses special attention will require a transition from a brick part to a wooden one. Between floors, reinforcing metal pins are used as a connecting element - placing them in top rows brick (stone) masonry, they are used to secure the first crowns of the second floor. A prerequisite is the creation of a waterproofing layer, for which you can use roofing felt, polyurethane foam and other materials that will provide protection wooden structures from moisture.

It is not difficult to make a high-quality combined house with your own hands if you follow all the rules recommended by technology. However, as the experience of home-grown builders suggests, it is better to leave some stages of the process to professionals or order a full range of turnkey services. For those who want to dare, below brief instructions on building a house from different materials.

Manufacturing technology of a combined house. Stages

So, how to build a combined house with your own hands? Before construction begins, future owners are required to take several steps to begin the process.

1. Namely: Come to a consensus on appearance
2. object.
3. Order the project and related documentation.
4. Obtain a building permit.

Prepare the site - clear the area of ​​vegetation and organize storage facilities. Leaving material in the open air is fraught with damage and theft, especially if the object is not guarded.

• If such conditions are not met, the city or town services will have the right to independently decide the fate of the new facility. That is, it will be very easy to demolish the building.
• The construction of a combined house with your own hands begins with the usual action for all objects - installing the foundation. The choice is predetermined by the project and, most likely, is a slab or a monolithic strip. Its construction is simple - a ditch, shock absorption, waterproofing, insulation, reinforcement, filling.

After the allotted time for shrinkage, the first floor is erected. Since the elements have regular geometric shapes - bricks, blocks - the laying begins from the corners, using a mooring cord for this.

• It is convenient to use to check for level compliance. In addition to corners, wall intersections are laid. The walls lead from the finished elements.
• Classic mortar should be used for masonry only when using bricks. The blocks must be connected with special adhesives. Thus, it will be possible to reduce heat loss through the seams. Having brought the walls to the desired height, they begin the stages of building a house with their own hands, associated with interfloor ceilings . To do this, grooves are left on the walls in advance for ceiling beams

. The ends of wood with a cross-section of 150 mm or more are wrapped in several layers of roofing felt. It is necessary to act in such a way that the pieces of material lie freely on brick walls

. It is not advisable to tar the bitumen - the bitumen will completely clog the wood channels, and rotting will happen quickly. Thus, the first one is protected from dampness, crown molding

• Next, the construction of a private house with your own hands continues as follows - the previously prepared crowns are lifted up and secured using the appropriate method. For this, dowels are used - wooden clamps similar in shape to shovel handles.

They can also be square in cross-section, the main thing is that they fit into the holes prepared in advance with difficulty. They hammer them in with a mallet. Don't forget about the inter-crown seal.

• Sometimes instead of whole wooden walls the process is carried out with the installation of a frame and lining the resulting sectors with sip panels or other material. In this case, the help of lifting equipment is necessary - such elements are quite heavy for installation on their own.
• The rafter system for combined objects differs only big amount dressings and reinforcements. The pediments can be assembled on the ground and installed with shields in certain places. Rafter legs should “travel” outside the house, focusing on the lower level of the first floor, so that the draining moisture does not linger on the blind area or basement.
• There is no need to wait for the entire building to shrink - finishing the first floor can begin immediately. For external surfaces, clinker tiles that imitate brick can be used as cladding. It looks great, especially if unpresentable cinder blocks or similar raw materials were used in construction.

As a result of using imitation as cladding, combined do-it-yourself chalet-style houses are obtained. There are a lot of trends - country, Russian hut, Scandinavian motifs.

That's the whole process described briefly. Any item has many nuances, and you should definitely study the relevant information on this topic.

Experience from professionals

This section will tell you about common mistakes when building yourself:

1. The materials of the first and second floors must match each other. You cannot use homemade blocks and heavy logs that are similar in weight to a monolith. It would be stupid to wait for a fortress then.
2. Considering stone to be unaffected by moisture, a home-grown builder is sorely mistaken. Everyone knows that water wears away even cobblestones, so it is worth protecting it from penetration and accumulation of vapors or precipitation. If the owners want to leave their original beauty, they should apply the appropriate composition to the construction raw materials.
3. If it is decided to clad the first floor with bricks rather than tiles, then a separate foundation is made for it and purchased reinforced mesh and special fastenings. Otherwise the masonry will simply blow away.
4. Window and doorways the second floor is cut out after the wood shrinks, unlike the first floor, where they are taken into account by the design. If you do them right away, then over time, the double-glazed windows will simply be crushed, despite expansion gap– the peak of shrinkage occurs in the first year of the box’s existence. It is worth meeting this period rather than spending it on new frames later.

These are not all the nuances of objects of this type. Building a combined house with your own hands will give home-grown craftsmen invaluable experience - they will teach you how to handle two types of raw materials at once. If the owners are frightened by the stages of construction, then the work of professionals is always at their service.

It is not the gods who fire the pots. Once upon a time in Rus' it was considered common to build a house for your own family. Now, with all the variety of materials and technologies, it would be a sin not to take advantage of the knowledge gleaned from various sources, including this article.