(violet garden) - a plant that is worth getting acquainted with novice amateur gardeners. Viola flowers look like bright summer butterflies, with wings of red, blue, yellow, white, black shades. Some varieties planted in groups resemble funny faces from afar. If you look at such a flower close up, you can clearly see in its center a bright yellow eye, framed by strokes-cilia. For this similarity among the people, some violas (or, to be more precise, tricolor violets and Wittrock violas) are called pansies.

To get started, to grow such a miracle on the balcony or in the garden, you need to purchase seedlings or on your own. And then, in order for the viola to bloom and delight you all summer and autumn, learn how to properly care for it. All the nuances about growing viola on the balcony and in the garden, read on.

If you want to know how to grow a viola, then pay attention to its character.

Pansies - a trouble-free plant that blooms profusely on balconies and flower beds

Viola is not capricious, but you also need to be able to find an approach to her. Viola care involves the following factors:

1. Lighting and temperature

Abundant flowering of the viola is possible only with good lighting. It is positively related to diffused sunlight and direct rays. But! There must be a measure in everything. If the summer in your area is hot, then the viola will burn out in the midday sun. The viola treats the spring midday rays favorably, and the summer ones are too hot for her. Therefore, if a hot summer is predicted, do not plant the viola in open sunny areas. South balconies are also not suitable. Rather, the viola will grow and even bloom, but only before the onset of heat, on average - until July. Later, you will have to get rid of the bushes, as their decorative effect will disappear (there will be no flowering, the leaves will turn yellow and dry).

The best place for pansies is sunny areas, but with shading in the midday hours. Morning or evening direct sunlight will only benefit the viola. That is, ideally, violas need partial shade, with a lot of diffused light. In this case, the leaves remain juicy, green until autumn, do not fade. Flowers do not shrink (this often happens when growing viola in the shade, without direct sunlight). You will get a win-win result of growing by planting a viola in the openwork shade of a young tree. Or near any screen (fence, bush, flower planting) that casts a shadow on the viola at noon. Western and eastern balconies are also suitable.

Viola grown in partial shade

Viola develops well in the cool. Ideal temperatures for her are 10-25°C. It withstands, without loss of decorativeness, and short-term cold up to 3-5 ° C. But the heat affects the viola badly, so often in hot summers (especially when grown in sunny areas) there is a break in flowering. The second wave of flowering in this case is possible, but only in autumn.

2. Watering

Viola does not tolerate prolonged drying. Therefore, you need to water it often, without waiting until the ground near the roots turns into stone. But swamps should not be planted either! Viola is very demanding on the amount of moisture consumed. With its excess, the roots of the plant begin to rot and rot, the viola dies.

3. Top dressing

In order for the viola to bloom all summer, it needs regular top dressing. When growing viola on a balcony, that is, in closed ground, it is necessary to fertilize the soil every week. If the flowers grow in open ground (on the site), the frequency of fertilization can be reduced to 1 time in 3-4 weeks.

Viola at home develops best on open sunny balconies. Worse - on glazed balconies and loggias. Some flower growers manage to grow violas even on windowsills, but in this case it is necessary that the window be constantly open. The presence of a large amount of light and fresh air is a mandatory component for growing any garden plant.

Viola develops well indoors in the presence of fresh air and plenty of light.

Viola planting at home is carried out in flower pots, balcony boxes. Ampel forms - in hanging baskets, planters, tall flowerpots on a leg. Any container chosen must have drainage holes.

Ampel varieties of viola look spectacular in hanging baskets

Since the roots of violas are prone to rotting, when planting, special attention should be paid to a good drainage layer. To do this, a layer of drainage material (expanded clay, brick shards, polystyrene) is poured at the bottom of the selected container at least 2-3 cm thick. Soil is poured on top - it must be loose, moisture and breathable.

Keep a distance of 10-15 cm between the violas, otherwise strong specimens will oppress the weak ones and force them out of the composition

Seedlings of violas are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, while at least 1-2 liters of soil must be allocated for each specimen of the plant.

When growing violas in closed ground, you need to monitor the regularity of watering. On hot summer days, watering should be done 2 times a day - in the morning and in the evening.

The first dressing is applied 2 weeks after transplanting into the ground. Further, it is necessary to fertilize the violas at home every week. Any mineral complex fertilizers for flowering are suitable for fertilizer.

During hot days, a viola in a pot may lose its decorative appearance. Most often, the stems turn yellow and dry, the bush falls apart, flowering becomes less abundant, the flowers fade and decrease in size. Then the viol must be cut. Usually it is shortened by half the length of the stems. But if the bush has already lost any decorative value, pruning can be done drastically, leaving 5-6 cm from the branches (there must be leaves on them!). Already after 2-2.5 weeks, the viol bush will overgrow with young shoots and bloom.

Viola pruning and subsequent flowering: before and after photos

Pansies: outdoor care

In the garden, viola seedlings are planted in late spring, when the threat of night frost has passed. Although viola is a hardy plant, its seedlings are too tender. Especially the one grown at home. Therefore, it is better not to take risks and time the planting of seedlings for warm and sunny spring days.

The distance between the viola bushes is 10-15 cm. It is useful to throw a handful of baking powder (vermiculite, perlite, sand) into each hole dug under the plant, especially if the ground in the area is dense.

Top dressing for violas growing in the garden can be applied 1 time in 1-4 weeks. On some soils, flowers require fertilization every week, on others - once a month. It depends on the initial fertility of the soil.

Viola outdoors

Viola in winter: a few nuances about wintering viola

In winter, it is advisable to cover the violas growing in the garden with spruce branches or dry leaves, and open them in early spring so that there is no dampening. The flowering of plants of the second year of life begins in April, at the same time as crocuses.

Violas grown indoors winter differently. Usually their life cycle ends in autumn, with the onset of frost. However, if there is a desire to save the plant for the next year, then why not? You can do one of two options:

Option number 1. Violas are dug out of pots, planted in the ground in August-September. Before frost, the plant will have time to take root and acclimatize. 2-3 weeks before the expected frost, it is advisable not to let such violas bloom so as not to weaken them. For the winter, plants should be covered with spruce branches or leaves.

Option number 2. Bring the viola pot into a cool, bright room. For example, on a warmed balcony or veranda. The optimum wintering temperature is 5-15°C. In the spring, the preserved uterine bushes are cut and new young plants are grown.

In the gardening world, the viola plant is very popular. There are a large number of varieties and types of viola, popularly known as pansies.

The wide distribution of these wonderful flowers is due to their beauty and variety of colors and shapes. Viola flowers delight with a long flowering period with the right perfect planting and subsequent care - from early spring to late autumn.

Did you know? Viola has been known for a very long time - more than two and a half thousand years. At that time, the ancient peoples of Europe used these flowers for decoration during the holidays.

Where to plant a viola, choosing a place for a flower

Viola belongs to the Violet family, which is why it is also called garden violet. The plant is annual, biennial, and also perennial. Depending on the variety of viola flowers, planting and cultivation can be carried out even on the balcony, providing it with proper care.

Outdoors, a high flower bed will be an ideal place for a viola, as it meets the needs of the plant for moisture and lighting.

What kind of lighting and temperature does the viola like

These flowers grow best in a cool place, but they also need plenty of light. Therefore, the right choice for planting viola and further care in the open field will be places with slightly shaded areas.

For example, under young trees, which will not cover the main part of the lighting with leaves, but will protect from the dry influence of the direct rays of the sun. At home, a balcony on the west or east side is suitable.

If there is not enough light for the viola, then the flowering will not be so plentiful, and the flowers themselves will be small and not so bright.

What should be the soil for planting

The best type of soil for pansies is loamy soil, fertile and moist.

Important!Stagnation of moisture is detrimental to the viola, as it leads to rotting of the roots.

The soil for planting must be drained and loosened. Fresh humus cannot be used as a fertilizer, so superphosphate or ammonium nitrate is suitable.

Also, peat is ideal for viola as a soil, as it retains heat, moisture does not stagnate in it. In addition, peat contains the nutrients needed by the viola, so gardeners often use peat tablets to germinate plants.

How to plant pansies

Most often, viola is planted in open ground. This happens in April-May, as the plant loves coolness. The proportions for the soil are better to choose the following:

• sod land - 2 parts;
• peat - 2 parts;
• humus - 2 parts;
• sand - 1 part.

Do not forget about drainage, crushed coal can perform its function. You should also choose a place without close groundwater to avoid stagnant water at the roots of the pansies.

It is fairly easy to follow the basic rules of how to plant viola flowers outdoors and how to care for them afterwards.

Holes are prepared for seedlings (the distance between them is 10-15 cm), flowers are placed there, then they are sprinkled with earth, the soil is lightly tamped around and watered.

Different varieties are best planted separately from each other, because the plant is cross-pollinated.

Did you know?The fragrant violet was introduced into the culture first, and then the mountain violet. Breeders bred the first violet hybrids in 1683.

Viola care rules

Often gardeners think about how to grow a beautiful and healthy viola. To do this, you need to regularly remove the flowers that wilted. In addition, mulching the roots of the plant in hot weather will help prolong the flowering of pansies. Be sure to also remove ripe seed pods.

If the viola blooms worse, few new buds form, then you can cut the plant, while leaving the length of the stems about 10 cm. After that, it is necessary to water and feed the viola abundantly, which will allow it to quickly grow young shoots and bloom with renewed vigor.

How to properly water pansies

Often in the heat, the reason for the drying of the roots is their close location to the soil surface. Therefore, garden violets should be watered regularly, but not too plentifully so that the roots do not rot. Optimal - 2-3 times a week, and in the heat it is possible to water the viola every day.

Fertilizer and top dressing of flowers

Viola should be fertilized once a month. To do this, use superphosphate or ammonium nitrate at the rate of 25-30 g per square meter. There are also special complex fertilizers containing potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, microelements. Such fertilizers are sold in stores and used according to the instructions.

soil care

Viola flowers are unpretentious, but during cultivation it is necessary to keep the soil in a certain condition. Since the roots are close to the surface - at a depth of only 15-20 cm, timely watering and loosening of the soil is needed to allow air to enter the roots. In addition, it is important to remove weeds from the site where the viola grows in time.

Viola breeding methods

If you want to get a new viola plant with beautiful flowers on your own, you should choose a method for growing that is suitable and appropriate for your capabilities. Among them are propagation by seeds, cuttings of pansies, as well as propagation by layering.

Did you know? Pansies are divided into large-flowered (the flower diameter of this variety is 10 cm), and multi-flowered - varieties with small flowers with a diameter of about 6 cm.

Reproduction by seeds

Viola can be grown from seeds. Sowing occurs in several terms, depending on when you want to get flowering.

Sowing pansies in January-February, you will see the first flowers by the end of spring. However, in an apartment it is difficult to get good seedlings, since the sown seeds need coolness and an abundance of light.

If you sow viola seeds in March, then flowering will begin in late July - August. The following year, already in early spring, both those and other plants will give good flowering.

If sowing is carried out in the summer, flowers will also appear as early as next year in the spring. However, in the summer, you can sow directly in open ground, bypassing the cultivation of seedlings at home.

There are general rules for sowing viola seeds:

1. Seeds are poured on moist soil, lightly sprinkled with earth on top.
2. The temperature at which the seedlings stand should be 15-20 ° C. It is necessary to maintain constant sufficient moisture.
3. Seedlings should be in a dark place until shoots appear.
4. After 10-14 days, the seeds will sprout, then you need to provide good lighting, and lower the temperature to 10 ° C.
5. After 2-3 weeks, it is necessary to dive seedlings.

Did you know? Many varieties of viola self-sow from mature seed pods.

Reproduction by cuttings

Cuttings of pansies are carried out in late spring - early summer in several stages.

The beautiful garden flower viola or pansy belongs to the violet family. Despite the fact that the tropical part of Africa and Australia is considered the birthplace of this crop, this plant also feels good in our country.

At the moment, 400 varieties of garden violets are known, but only a few of them have gained popularity among gardeners.

Viola Wittrock (viola wittrockiana)

Vittorka is especially popular among domestic flower growers. This plant is considered a hybrid, it was obtained as a result of interspecific crossing of a tricolor, horned, yellow and horned violet.

The considered culture differs from the rest in a branching low bush up to 30 centimeters in height. The leaves are round-oval in shape with teeth on the edges. The inflorescences are irregular up to 11 centimeters in diameter. The petals are often veined, sometimes spotted or streaked.

Thanks to the efforts of breeders, gardeners were able to grow ampelous Vittorka with elongated lashes up to 40 centimeters in length. The stems are dotted with many flowers up to 5 centimeters in diameter. Ampel crops are grown mainly in hanging baskets or plastic pots. One such ground cover plant is able to intercept a garden plot about 60 centimeters in diameter.

Vittorka is a biennial plant, but if sown early, it can form inflorescences in the same year. In the case of planting in autumn, it blooms in the second year.

Swiss giants

These are quite large plants with huge flowers for pansies. Their diameter can reach up to 8 centimeters. The color of this variety is multi-colored, bright.

Rocco

It differs from its relatives in unique corrugated petals, the diameter of the inflorescence is about 6 centimeters. Flower petals often have dark spots or streaks.

Vittorka Bambini

Another variety of Viettorka Bambini violet is able to form many flowers during the growing season. Inflorescences of the most diverse colors: beige, purple and even blue. The diameter of an individual flower is up to 6 centimeters.

Majestic Jans

The Majestic Jahns hybrid has become famous among gardeners due to its large flowers, their diameter can reach up to 9 centimeters. In the central part of such a plant, there is usually a dark spot similar to a bow.

Viola horned (viola cornuta), or viola ampelous

This perennial culture does not lose its decorative effect, but its winter hardiness will depend on the variety used. Most plants overwinter without problems, but hybrids can die with prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures. Viola horned inflorescences are relatively small, their diameter does not exceed 5 centimeters. The petals are blue, purple or lilac, in the center of the flower there is a yellow eye.

Horned viola hybrids have a rich color range. Flowers can be red, orange, yellow and even white.

The species in question can be used as an indoor crop, or a plant for open ground. Pansies can often decorate flower beds or borders. When growing this flower, it must be taken into account that it can pollinate with its relatives and give numerous hybrids that do not retain the qualities of the original plant.

Arkwright Ruby

The large-flowered variety differs from the rest in the bright red color of the petals, the central part of the inflorescence is a standard yellow color. The special beauty of this garden violet is given by spots on the petals.

Belmond Blue

Viola with climbing bushes, has beautiful blue flowers. The culture in question can be grown in hanging baskets or containers on a balcony or loggia.

Purple duet

Differs in a special structure of inflorescences. Two of its petals are burgundy at the top, the other three are dark pink.

Hansa

A variety with low climbing bushes has small blue inflorescences with a purple tint.

Horned viola is characterized by a long flowering period, inflorescences are formed from mid-spring to the first serious frost. Such plants are propagated by seeds, division of an adult bush or cuttings. It is best to grow this variety from seedlings.

Fragrant Viola (viola odorata)

Fragrant violet differs from other varieties in its rich pleasant aroma, therefore, raw materials taken from this culture are used to make cosmetics and perfumes. The fragrant viola bush is small, up to 15 centimeters in height. The leaves of the plant are rounded with characteristic notches on the edges. The inflorescences are small, up to 2 centimeters in diameter, located on thin and long stems.

Flowering of this type of pansy is observed in spring or late summer. Inflorescence petals can be purple, red, pink, in wild relatives - white, blue, purple. For its wonderful aroma and high decorative qualities, fragrant violet is grown in flower beds, alpine slides, near borders, as well as in hanging baskets on balconies.

Caesar

A low variety has small beautiful purple inflorescences. Produces an intense pleasant fragrance.

Rosina

Rosina variety has pink petals. Inside the inflorescence there is a dark pink spot.

Red Charm

The variety of fragrant viola Red Charm pleases the eye of gardeners with large red flowers.

La France

La France has simple flowers, small inflorescences of a purple hue.

Viola moth, or klobuchkovy

Moth violet grows up to 22 centimeters in height. The plant has single large inflorescences with speckled petals. Klobuchkovy viola is considered a swamp culture, it has a fairly developed root that is not afraid of a humid environment.

The most popular varieties of clobuche viola are:

Freckles

Unpretentious care variety Freckles blooms in spring, has large white inflorescences. The petals of this culture are covered with numerous purple dots.

Royal Robe

It is considered a compact flower, has a pleasant smell. The color of the inflorescences of this culture can vary from violet-blue to purple. The petals have black or yellow thin strokes.

Red Giant

The variety has large red inflorescences with a purple hue. The culture is characterized by a long flowering period. Its inflorescences hold thin and long stems.

Ruba

Klobuchkovy viola of the Ruba variety differs from the rest in the red-ruby color of the petals. The height of this plant does not exceed 15 centimeters.

Growing viola from seeds

In practice, two methods of growing violets from seeds are used: sowing seeds immediately in open ground or pre-growing seedlings. The latter method is considered more effective, because when using it, you can get flowering plants in the current year.

When to plant viola seedlings

To obtain high-quality planting material, seedlings should be sown from the last decade of February or March. It is not advisable to carry out such events after the middle of spring, because seeds are sown in open ground in the last decade of April or early May.

Sowing viola for seedlings

Pre-prepared and calibrated seeds can be sown in any container, such as plastic cups, cassettes, cut plastic bottles or food packaging. For the preparation of the nutrient mixture, components such as garden soil, humus and peat are used. All components are taken in equal proportions and thoroughly mixed.

When using the traditional sowing method, shallow furrows are made in the nutrient substrate with a pencil, about 3-5 millimeters, the distance between rows is about 1 centimeter. Next, the grains are placed in the recesses made every 2 centimeters and sprinkled with soil. Now you need to water the crops with water and cover the container with a transparent film. After that, the containers are installed in a warm room with a temperature regime of 20 - 25 degrees.

To prevent the appearance of mold in the planting soil, it is necessary to ventilate at least twice a day.

Seedling Care

The first sprouts of pansies usually appear 7-10 days after sowing. A later term for spitting seeds occurs in the following cases:

• use of old planting material;
• in case of backfilling seeds with a thick layer of soil;
• when using a nutrient substrate of the wrong composition, for example, clay soil.

After germination, the plants should be on a well-lit windowsill. In the spring, the direct rays of the sun are not afraid of pansies, so containers with seedlings can be placed even in the southern part of the apartment. After germination, the violet has fairly strong stems, but this does not mean that you need to immediately remove the film from the container. In the first days, plants are aired at intervals of 2 times a day for 20-30 minutes. In the future, the duration of ventilation is increased, but the shelter is removed only after a week.

Garden violet has certain indicators of frost resistance. Her seedlings can withstand temperatures down to -10 degrees and this applies to young sprouts. In the presence of stable warm weather, the strengthened seedlings must be taken out to the balcony or open air.

Viola needs good watering, but soil moisture must be carried out as the top layer dries. For such events, it is worth using rain or melt water. It is desirable to defend the usual tap liquid for 2-3 days. Plants are afraid of waterlogging, because a high concentration of water in the soil can cause rotting of the flower roots.

Viola Pick

It is necessary to transplant young plants into new containers when the first two true leaves are formed. Pansies are not afraid of transplantation, they take root in a new nutrient substrate even with minor damage to the root system, which sometimes happens when the plant is removed from the container. Such violas slow down a little in development, but this does not affect the overall performance.

With a lack of lighting or cramped space on the windowsill, violet seedlings can stretch. In order to get a high-quality healthy flower, such crops, when dived into a new container, are buried to the cotyledons, which will make it possible to get additional roots on the underground part of the stem.

Young violas develop rapidly after picking, in a month they are ready for transplanting to a permanent place in open ground.

Pinching

Such an event as pinching the stem allows you to achieve better tillering of the crop. Similar events are held after the appearance of 5-6 of this sheet.

When to plant viola seedlings

Planting a garden violet in a permanent place depends on the climatic characteristics of a particular region. Such actions should be carried out with the onset of stable warm weather in the last decade of April or in early May. For planting a flower, a well-lit area is allocated.

After digging the soil, chopped charcoal of an average fraction of 200 grams and the same amount of humus are added to each planting hole. Viola develops well in soils consisting of peat, humus and soddy soil in equal proportions with the addition of half a part of sand.

How to plant viola seedlings

During transplantation to a permanent place, prepared seedlings are placed on the site every 15-20 centimeters. Cultures are buried in pre-dug holes and covered with soil. Next, the earth is compacted around the bushes and the plants are watered with warm water. When growing garden violets, it is necessary to separate bushes in plantations every three years. If such events are not carried out, then the culture will grow intensively, and its flowers will become small and lose their decorative effect. For rapid reproduction of the flower, the cutting method is used.

Viola: growing from seeds in the open field

Not every gardener will want to grow pansy seedlings, as this is a rather troublesome task. In this regard, many flower growers sow seeds directly into the ground. Such operations should be carried out at the end of May or at the beginning of June. In this case, the flowering of violets will begin at the end of summer or in September. To obtain a flowering crop for the next year, in early spring, sowing seeds must be carried out in August.

Flower seeds are sown in a previously prepared area in shallow furrows in several pieces. The distance between the nests should correspond to the arrangement of plants in the flower bed, this is 15-20 centimeters. When using old or damaged seed, increase the sowing density. With this method, excess crops can be transplanted to other places.

After sowing the seeds, it is necessary to shed the earth with warm water and wait for the emergence of seedlings.

Proper Viola Care

The basis for the proper cultivation of pansies in a garden plot is to maintain the soil in a loose and moist state, and to remove weeds. Another nuance of care is the removal of wilted inflorescences or formed seed pods. Timely implementation of such actions allows you to prolong the flowering of the culture.

Watering and fertilizing

Periodic watering is considered the basis for the intensive growth of the viola. This is due to the fact that the root system of the culture has a surface laying, it is located at a depth of up to 20 centimeters. The soil on the site is moistened as needed with a persistent drought.

Watering should be carried out in the evening using water heated in the sun.

During its development, the flower sucks nutrients from the soil. To replenish the useful components in the soil, it is necessary to feed every 3-4 weeks. For each square meter of usable area, 25 grams of superphosphate are scattered and the granules are buried in the ground. After that, the plants are watered.

Viola after flowering

When flowering worsens, as well as in cases where new buds are almost not formed or are formed weakly, it is necessary to prune crops to a height of 9-12 centimeters from the ground. Violas are fed and watered with warm water, which will promote the growth of shoots and re-bloom.

Regularly pluck dried inflorescences and trim the shoots, this will help rejuvenate the bush.

If the pansies have faded and completely stopped their development, it is necessary to collect the seeds and prepare the plant for wintering.

How and when to collect viola seeds

The period of collection of viola seed material occurs at the end of summer or autumn. After withering of the inflorescences, boxes with fruits are formed on the crops. The main sign of their maturity is the drying of the shells. After turning up, the boxes are cut off and the seeds are removed. Next, the grains are dried in a ventilated room, placed in a cloth bag and placed in a refrigerator.

If you do not collect the seed material, the grains fall to the ground on their own and germinate under favorable conditions. In this case, violet seedlings can be seen already in autumn or early spring.

Viola in winter

So that the perennial plant can winter painlessly, it is covered with fallen leaves of fruit trees or spruce branches. With the advent of spring, such a mound is raked a little, which will prevent the process of aging of the stems. The overwintered culture will be able to form the first inflorescences already in the middle of spring, when crocuses bloom.

Garden violets that develop in a greenhouse overwinter differently:

Plants are removed from pots and transplanted into open ground at the end of summer. Before the first frost, the culture will be able to get used to the new conditions. Approximately 20 days before the expected cold snap, inflorescences and extra shoots are cut off from the viola. After that, they are covered with fallen leaves or a thick layer of spruce branches.

Another option for wintering greenhouse plants involves moving the pots to a cool room with a temperature of 8-12 degrees, for example, to a veranda or insulated loggia. In such conditions, the bushes are stored until spring. When warm weather comes, the mother bush is divided into cuttings and new plants are obtained.

Viola pests and diseases

The most common diseases of pansies are:

1. rotting of the root system;
2. late blight;
3. powdery mildew.

Root rot occurs as a result of excessive watering of the soil or when the crop is kept in a cold room. To prevent the further development of this disease, an urgent transplant of a flower into a new loose soil will help. If such a measure does not help, it is necessary to cut off the root of the viola and put the stem in water, cover the top of the plant with a plastic bag. After the appearance of the first roots, the culture is transplanted into a new soil.

Fusarium wilt or late blight enters the plant cells through damaged areas. This disease occurs with high humidity, provokes browning and rotting of the stems, leaf fall. The main control measure is considered to be transplanting the viola into a new pot, along with this, the root system of the culture is pruned.

Another dangerous disease is powdery mildew. The disease occurs mainly in the spring under the influence of low temperatures and high humidity. Powdery mildew appears on violet leaves as a white coating. Further, shallow ulcers appear on the affected areas, the spread of which leads to the death of the plant. Spraying the flower with drugs such as Topaz or Bayleton will help to defeat the disease.

As we can see, even an inexperienced gardener can grow viola at home. Learn how to properly care for flowers, and they will delight you with lush flowering and a pleasant aroma.

​Related Articles​

Viola as an annual plant

These flowers have different flowering periods. The peak of flowering of the viola is the first half of summer, petunias - the second, when the viola is no longer so decorative. And with pelargonium, in my opinion, low and small-flowered plants (carpets), such as lobelia or lobularia, are better combined. I think that petunias and violas are best planted either separately in arrays or combined with flowers with larger flowers (for example, petunias and lilies or violas and peonies). Although petunias and lobelias look beautiful. That is, there is only one principle: something should dominate, and something should serve as a background. But the whitefly is a completely different story. If it is impossible to fight and she is already completely covering, can she temporarily abandon the flowers where she settled and sow others in this place?

​Usage​

Early flowering violets go well with spring bulbs - tulips and daffodils. Bright flowers perfectly complement evergreens, including conifers, plants. Small-flowered species look good against the background of ground cover stonecrops, such as white stonecrop.

cornuta (horned violet),

Viola as a biennial plant

Dear gardeners, do not forget about these modest, but so cute and lovely biennial flowers, it is difficult to imagine our flower beds without them.

This species is a typical biennial. Gives a good cut, stays in the water for a long time. The stem is erect, well branched, forms a pyramidal bush covered with stiff hairs; The plant is vigorous, reaches a height of 70-90 cm. The flowers are blue, blue, pink, white, purple, large, collected in loose brushes. Blooms in June-July. Seeds are sown in June - early July, a rosette of leaves is formed by autumn, seedlings swoop down and are planted in August in a permanent place. Plants bloom in the 2nd year, bloom profusely, form seeds and die. Very rarely, plants give shoots from the root neck, which overwinter and bloom in the 3rd year, but rather weakly. The bell loves sunny places, protected from the wind, the soil is nutritious, permeable, well-drained, the plant rots in damp areas in winter.

Viola as a perennial plant

Biennial plants in the first year of life form a rosette of leaves, overwinter, and in the second year they bloom, set seeds and die.

Viola can be planted not only with seedlings, but also with seeds. Seeds are sown directly in open ground in the month of May, preferably in its middle. Approximately fifty seeds are sown per meter of furrow. Another sowing option is sowing in holes that are spaced at least 5 cm apart. 2-3 seeds are sown in each hole. To ensure active seedlings of plants, it is recommended to soak the seeds in a solution of Epin or Zircon for a day.

Growing by cuttings

Charming viola blooms with large flowers, while the flower can have a completely different color. To date, varieties have also been bred that have a corrugated edge of the petals.

Growing by self-seeding

A beautiful garden plant, which has several names, one more sonorous than the other, fell in love with many flower growers. Viola, tricolor violet (Viola tricolor), is poetically called pansies in the people. In order for a plant to please for a long time with its spotty, contrasting or bright monochromatic colors, you need to know about the features of its growth. Viola can be grown in a variety of ways, depending on climate conditions and intended flowering times.​

petunia

Features of care

​Rock garden and rockery Borders and ridges Balcony and container plants​

Species affiliation Violets

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Viola planting for seedlings. How to grow a viola

"Ural Gardener", No. 24, 2013

Stem erect, slightly branched, 1 m high, covered with small hairs. The upper leaves are oval, alternate. The lower ones, which make up the rosette, are petiolate, opposite, heart-shaped, serrated. The flowers are large, purple-red, collected in a simple panicle. Lunaria has very original fruits, which are rounded membranous pods. The partitions in them are transparent, with a pearly sheen. After the fall of the pod valves, the septum is preserved. Dried stems with pods are dried and used for arranging dry bouquets. Lunaria seeds are sown in June-early July.

Planting for seedlings

Few plants belong to this group, and this is a heterogeneous group. Among them are typical biennials that complete their development cycle in 2 years (medium bellflower, lunaria, mallow), and perennials grown as biennials (daisy, forget-me-not, pansies, Turkish cloves). After the second year, they do not die, but lose their decorative effect and partially thin out. In the third year, many of them grow poorly, form small flowers, and often die during wintering altogether.

Seeds need to be deepened by 0.5 cm and sprinkle the grooves with earth, rubbing it with your fingers. After that, water the soil in moderation and lightly mulch it with sawdust to keep it moist. In a week, the first sprouts will hatch, they should be shaded, for which stretch a dark film over the plants. After a couple of weeks, the film can be removed.

In culture, the viola is unpretentious, it is winter-hardy, easily tolerates transplantation even during flowering. This plant grows relatively quickly, the primrose appears already in May, and until late autumn the viola enchants everyone with its beautiful appearance.

A very simple and effective way to propagate viola is cuttings carried out in the open field. At the end of May - the first days of June, young green shoots are cut from adult bushes, planted in a dark place with a high density and shallow.

Some varieties of viola do not tolerate low temperatures in the middle lane. Therefore, gardeners have to put more effort into decorating their own plot and use the annual crop method.​

Why should you choose? I have a lot of colors, and the choice I make is not what is better, but what ELSE to choose from the ones I already have!​

Landing in open ground

​Related Materials​

Plant type Biennials Perennials Fragrant

odorata (scented violet), Viola tricolor (tricolor violet).

Pansies

Disembarkation in the second year

Seedlings need careful care, timely thinning, watering and regular loosening. The soil should be light, nutritious, the place is sunny. In August, seedlings are planted in a permanent place, plants bloom in June the following year. Light shelter is needed for the winter.

plant care

According to the flowering time, biennials are divided into spring (forget-me-not, daisy, pansies) and summer (digitis, night violet, Turkish carnation, middle bell, lunaria, stock-rose). Spring flowering biennials are especially valued in floriculture - they bloom when the assortment of flowering plants is poor - the bulbs have faded, and the annuals are far away.

When planting seeds directly into the ground, crushed coal should be added in a ratio of 0.2 coal and bird droppings to 1 part of the earth. Viola does not like stony soil, and coal is excellent at dealing with this problem. If coal seems something extravagant or inappropriate to you, then use the classic planting method - add a soil substrate that is ideal for violets: turf, manure, sand and peat in a ratio of 2: 2: 1: 2.​

Viola is known to most as pansies. Despite the fact that this is a rather unpretentious plant, however, in order for the variegated flowers to please the eye throughout the season, planting a viola for seedlings must obey some rules.

Cuttings actively take root in 3.5 weeks, and by the end of summer they will already bloom. If cuttings are carried out later than June, the viola will bloom only next year in the spring. The method of propagation by cuttings does not allow the viola bushes to grow unnecessarily, rejuvenation occurs, which contributes to more rapid flowering. In one summer season, one adult plant can produce about 40 cuttings. This method of reproduction is used for especially valuable varieties.

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Time to sow biennials

In early spring, from about the end of February to mid-March, when the average daily temperature is +10 degrees, a uniform surface sowing of seeds is carried out on closed ground with mandatory moistening. The containers are covered with cellophane or a glass cap and put away in a dark, cool place.

Lakfiol, gomphrena, celosia, cineraria, amaranth, stakhis are low.

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Pansies, or Vitrocca Violet

Rhizome herbaceous flowering group

Wittrock violet

Carnation bearded, or Turkish

"Bambiny"

This is a perennial plant, but in garden culture it is grown as a biennial. The leaves of the poppy are pinnately dissected, forming a basal rosette. Peduncles up to 50 cm in height. The flower is 5 to 8 cm in diameter, one per stem, but there are many stems. The flowers are cheerful - yellow, white, orange, pink. Poppies bloom almost all summer. Easily propagated by self-seeding. If you sow the seeds in the ground in April-May, you can get flowering plants in August. When sown in late summer, the plants bloom in May of the following year. Does not tolerate transplant. For long flowering, seed boxes should be cut off. It grows well in moist soils, but the place should be sunny. Responds well to fertilizing with fertilizers.

Under this name, many varieties and variety groups of complex hybrid origin are combined, obtained as a result of repeated crossing of different species. Plant height 15-30 cm. Flowers solitary, five-petalled, of various colors: plain, with an eye, two or three colors. In modern hybrids, the flowers are large (up to 6-8 cm in diameter) and even pure colors. Violet blooms from May to August. The timing depends on the time of sowing the seeds.

Matron's Vespers, Hesperis, or Night Violet

As for the elite varieties of viola, they can be propagated by cuttings and layering, but this option is more applicable in greenhouse conditions than in home gardens.

Bell medium

Since the viola is a biennial plant, planting it on seedlings is necessary to obtain iridescent flowers in the first year of cultivation. Landing begins in February and they do it with certain nuances. Before planting, viola seeds are soaked for a day in a solution of Epin, Zircon, EM-1 preparation.

Lunaria, or resurrecting lunar

When the plant fades, a three-celled seed pod is formed. If the faded parts of the plant are removed in time, the viola will continue to bloom. Otherwise, the seeds ripen, they dissipate on their own and sprout next year. At the same time, the plant dies off, only a dried bush remains from it.

At excessively high temperatures (above +20 degrees), the seeds can "fall asleep". After 5–14 days, the seeds will germinate and, with the appearance of the first leaves, they can dive, leaving a distance of about 5 cm between young plants. Toward the beginning of summer, seedlings are transplanted already in open ground. The viola tolerates the transplant perfectly even in the process of flowering.

Poppy golostebelny, or Siberian

Petunia is better in my opinion. Although it is inferior in beauty to the viola, but the petunia is longer in flowering and unpretentious in cultivation. And goes great with lobelia. The main thing is to choose a color scheme.

Mallow, or stock-rose pink

Perennial flowers, with them in the garden .... We read

Daisy perennial

Reproduction methods Seed and vegetative (bush division, layering, cuttings)

And the horned violet are outwardly very similar; many varieties of both species have been bred, with different colors and flowering periods. Horned violet is a long-blooming perennial. With regular watering, it can bloom almost continuously from May to late autumn. For the winter, it is recommended to cover the bushes with spruce branches.

Forget-me-not hybrid

Viola

foxglove purple

In the first year, the plant forms a powerful rosette of large rounded-toothed leaves. In the summer of the second year, a vigorous peduncle appears, which ends with a spike-shaped inflorescence of large, simple, semi-double or double sessile flowers of pink, purple, red-cherry, yellow, white flowers. The mallow is propagated by seeds (self-sowing is possible), the seeds are sown in May or June, the seedlings dive to a permanent place when the first true leaf appears. Plants bloom in the 2nd year, in July-August, bloom for about 30 days. The flowers are 8-10 cm in size, sometimes there are up to 90 flowers on one peduncle. To obtain lush flowering, mallow should be provided with well-fertilized loamy or sandy loamy soils, fertilizing with humus or compost is required. In dry weather, frequent and plentiful watering is necessary. For support, tall bushes should be tied to stakes.

For early spring flowering, seeds are sown on ridges in the second half of June so that the plants develop well before autumn, but do not have time to bloom. Seedlings appear on the 8-14th day, then the seedlings dive to a permanent place. Seeds of new large-flowered hybrids can be sown at home in January-February, and planted in the ground in May, and violets will already bloom in June. The main feature of violets is that already flowering seedlings can be planted in the ground, and they take root well. The plant prefers sunny areas, can also bloom in partial shade, but loses its color brightness, loves nutritious, loamy soils. Cold-resistant and moisture-loving plant. Regular feeding and watering is necessary for lush and long flowering. An ideal plant for flowerbeds, flower beds, garden pots and balconies, and if you plant seedlings in bloom, you can create a pattern on a flower bed or lawn from plants of different colors.

Viola should be sown outdoors in the middle of summer to get a rich second year of color. Mulch the plants for the winter, and then with the onset of spring warmth, the viola will begin to delight you with its colorful flowers.

greeninfo.ru

Viola, description, varieties, photo, growing conditions, care, application

Description

The swollen viola seeds are laid out on the surface of a slightly moist and compacted substrate, slightly sprinkling seeds on them, sprayed and covered with glass. The beds can be cleared of seedlings by transplanting them to other places in the garden. Self-sowing does not give such excellent flowering results as other methods of growing viola, but it can make the gardener's work easier. It will not be possible to preserve the characteristics of the variety during self-sowing, so you should try to keep the distance between different sorts of viola plantings at least 100 m. From the end of June until the end of summer, pansies will delight with friendly flowering. Some hybrid viola plants can bloom until frost. Both are good. And bloom all summer Care of the garden and garden .... Read Planting time April-May or July-August Wittrock violet is cultivated as a biennial. There are early-flowering and late-flowering, usually large-flowered varieties; in extreme heat, violets growing in the sun can temporarily stop the formation of new flowers; in partial shade flowering is usually continuous. This plant is extremely unpretentious, easily takes root; it can even be transplanted flowering, which is often used by flower growers when filling vacant places in flower beds. - a perennial plant belonging to the Violet family; in horticultural culture, it is often grown as a biennial. To the genus The plant is perennial, grown in culture as a biennial. The most abundant flowering occurs in the 2nd year. In the third year, the inflorescences become smaller, a significant part of the plants die. Daisy is an early-flowering, unpretentious plant. In the first year, it develops a compact rosette of elegant leaves on petioles. In the second year, peduncles grow 15-20 cm high. Inflorescences are simple and double, white, pink, red. The diameter of the inflorescences in small-flowered varieties is 2-3 cm, in large-flowered varieties it is 4-4.5 cm. Seeds are sown in late June-early July, then swoop down and planted in August in a permanent place. Daisy blooms early, in early May, and blooms for a long time. With the onset of hot and dry weather, the inflorescences become smaller and flowering fades, but by autumn, during cool and humid weather, flowering occurs again and can last until frost. Perennial plant, but used as a biennial. Seeds are sown in early July, shoots appear after 10-12 days, after a few days they dive. In early August, small dense bushes develop, at this time the plants should be planted in a permanent place. Bearded carnation winters better if the plants have developed well after transplantation. The next year in spring, straight knotted stems 40-50 cm high appear, ending in a dense corymbose inflorescence, consisting of many five-petal flowers. Flowers of bright pure color: white, pink, copper-red, burgundy or two-tone - with an eye or a border. Blooms in June.

Viola prefers loose, fertile, moist soil. It is very important to regularly loosen the soil and water the plants. Since the roots of the viola are buried no more than 20 cm deep in the soil, these activities, together with the removal of wilted flowers and weeding, stimulate lush long-term flowering. It is better to grow seedlings in a special soil substrate for violets.

Viola can be planted not only in well-lit areas, but also in partial shade. At the same time, its flowering is longer, but the decorative effect of the plant suffers.

With this method of cultivation, the sowing of seeds occurs in June - early July in open ground. It can be a cold greenhouse or exploratory beds. In a period of 10 to 21 days, the plants sprout, they dive. When two full-fledged leaves appear, young plants are planted in a place of permanent cultivation at intervals of 20-25 cm from each other. This usually happens in August or early September. Plants should have time to develop well and gain strength before the onset of cold weather, but not bloom.

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​Plant pattern 10 x 15 or 15 x 20 cm​

If you regularly cut off shoots with faded flowers, the plant forms a compact dense bush and blooms profusely. Without pruning, the shoots are stretched, flowering may weaken. Such shoots can be pinned to the soil and spud, and when the cuttings take root, transplant them (usually in the spring of next year). If the flowering seeds are not removed, many varieties of violets are able to propagate by self-sowing.

Small-flowered varieties are more winter-hardy than large-flowered ones. On wet soils, the daisy can freeze or undergo dampening, so choose well-drained sites. It should be borne in mind that daisies retain leaves and buds in winter, therefore, on light sandy soils, daisies, especially terry varieties, require light shelter. To obtain flowering daisies in the first year, seeds are sown in March, planted in open ground in June and it blooms in July-August. During seed propagation, splitting occurs, some of the plants are not terry, therefore, to preserve terry, it is necessary to cut or divide the bushes. Flowering bushes in July are divided into 4-6 parts (the bush itself easily breaks up), all of them quickly take root and continue to bloom, but plants grown from seeds are more winter-hardy. With regular watering, daisies bloom profusely in the shade and in the sun. The lack of moisture weakens flowering, the inflorescences become smaller and lose their doubleness. It is necessary to feed the plants with mineral fertilizers, as well as remove faded inflorescences, this ensures a long and abundant flowering.

Currently, many forms and varieties are known, there are simple and terry varieties. During seed propagation, the doubleness of the flower is not completely transmitted, usually only half of the double varieties are obtained from sowing terry varieties. For the reproduction of terry varieties, green cuttings should be used, which are taken in June from biennial plants and rooted in shaded beds with constant moisture.

This petite beauty thrives in fertile, moderately moist, and well-drained soils. On poor soils, it will also not wither, but will not please with lush flowering.

From time to time landing it is desirable to ventilate. You can place a container with crops in a plastic bag. The first sprouts appear in two weeks. At the stage of 1-2 true leaves, viola sprouts must be dived. Picking should be done twice: a week after planting, then another couple of weeks later. When picking, plants should be planted, keeping 6 cm between them in each direction.

Viola Growing Conditions

When planting pansies, you should try to avoid low-lying areas with stagnant meltwater and areas with dry sandy soil. The plant grows well in moist fertile loam. From fertilizers, it is preferable to use complex potassium, nitrogen and phosphorus, for seedlings - ammonium nitrate and superphosphate. Viola does not tolerate feeding with fresh manure.

Viola Care

In order for the plants to survive the winter safely, they are mulched with sawdust, straw or spruce branches. Flowering will begin no earlier than mid-May. Not all plants will endure the subsequent wintering, and the remaining ones will become smaller, with elongated stems. To increase the decorativeness of the viola for next year, it is recommended to cut the flower stalks in October, leaving only the densest of them.

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Viola or Wittrock violet, popularly called pansies, is an unpretentious herbaceous flowering plant grown as an annual, biennial or perennial. Often grown as a biennial or annual. The number of hybrid varieties of viola is huge and covers all forms of flowering from early to late flowering plants. Variants of color and size of flowers are very diverse, flowers can be one-color, spotted, contrastingly colored. Flowering, depending on the variety and planting time, lasts from March to May or from September to October, new flowers bloom constantly and are suitable for cutting. But more often they are used in flowerbeds and flower beds to create patterns and flower arrangements, as a frame. They are planted under other plants, in empty places after flowering of perennials, in rock gardens, since transplantation is possible at any stage of the viola vegetation and is well tolerated. A place for planting is chosen in the sun or partial shade, given that flowering begins earlier in the sun, but in partial shade it lasts longer. Planting is carried out with seeds or seedlings, seeds can be bought at flower shops, as ready-made mixes are offered there, or you can collect and sow your own. The seedling is compact, with dark green foliage. When growing viola as a biennial, the seeds are planted either in a flower bed or at home in containers with planting soil. The soil in containers and in the flower bed should be permeable and nutritious. Seeds are planted in 2 - 3 pcs. in each hole or cell, cover with a thin layer of soil and top with a dark film, keep in a cool place, water daily. After the appearance of the first leaves, the film is removed, the plantings are thinned out when they reach 2 cm in height. Seedlings are planted in September, while organic fertilizer is applied for planting.

Violas	There are many garden and wild-growing species with different flowering periods and degrees of decorativeness. In addition to the popular pansies, or Wittrock violets (Viola wittrockiana), common	A small piece of blue sky! At the time of mass flowering, the bush looks like a blue ball. Plant 25-30 cm tall, leaves light green, oblong-lanceolate, inflorescence-curl with an abundance of small sky-blue flowers. But there are species with white and pink flowers. Seeds are sown in late June-early July in the ground, dive and leave until spring. Planted in flower beds in spring. It tolerates a transplant in a flowering state. Blooms from mid-May for 3-4 weeks. Forget-me-not reproduces well by self-sowing, I never specifically sowed it, and it grows in a variety of places on our site. Forget-me-not requires fertile, moist soil and a slightly shaded area. With a lack of moisture, it blooms poorly and gives seeds earlier.
Turkish carnation is winter-hardy, grows well on loamy or sandy soils, in sunny places, but also withstands partial shade. Blooms 15-20 days. It reproduces well by self-seeding. A cut carnation stands in water for a long time.	Viola seedlings must be fertilized at least once a decade with a solution that contains complex mineral fertilizers. As for adult plants, they need to be fed monthly. For this, ammonium nitrate or superphosphate is suitable. The calculation of the required fertilizer should be calculated according to the ratio of 30 g per square meter. soil meter.​	Viola is planted in open ground in May-June (about two months after planting seedlings), after spring frosts, leaving a distance between plants of 10-15 cm. To allow the plant to spread a little, you can leave between the bushes and 20 cm.

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Which is better petunia or viola?

Larisa

Pansies look very impressive as a border plant. They are often decorated with alpine slides, they grow well on balconies in boxes or flowerpots, they are pleasing to the eye at home on the windowsill in a flower pot. When cut, they stand for a long time and symbolize the flowers of love.

Evgeny Shpakov

If you want the plants to live for several years, you need to carry out a short pruning of bushes that have grown and lost their decorative effect, leaving no more than 5 cm from the root. After this procedure, the plants are fertilized.

#GG#

It's a matter of taste

Lelya Casanova

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Elena the Wise

Before winter, in regions with harsh winters, pansies should be covered with spruce branches until spring. During the growth period, weeds must be constantly weeded so that young plants do not drown out. To prevent self-seeding and prolong the overall flowering, wilted flowers should be cut off regularly before seeds are formed. If the shoots are lengthening, they need to be shortened by 3 - 5 cm, every few weeks. Diseases that often affect viola are late blight and root rot. At the same time, the leaves turn yellow and die, shoots rot at the base. This often happens after cold rainy weather. Such shoots should be removed.

Tasya Serova

- excellent plants for borders and borders. They can be planted as framing flower beds or used to tamp medium-sized and tall perennials, planted under shrubs. Small-flowered varieties are used in rockeries and rock gardens. Violas are also used for all types of container plantings.

Hedgehog

Manechka

In its shape, the flower resembles a thimble, hence the Russian name of the plant. Leaves, stems and roots are poisonous! Therefore, it should not be grown in areas where there are small children. Digitalis is a perennial plant grown as a biennial. In the first year, basal light green, large, oblong-oval leaves covered with hairs are formed from the seeds. The leaf surface is slightly wrinkled. In the second year, straight, unbranched, rigid stems appear, 1-1.5 m high, bearing large drooping flowers in the upper part, collected in a one-sided spike. Irregular bell-shaped flowers - white, pink, red, purple, yellow with dark dots. The seeds are very small, they are sown in the ground in June-July and sprinkled with sand on top, the seedlings swoop down and are planted in August in a permanent place. It blooms the following year in July and blooms until September. Soils for planting need loose, fertile, permeable. In lighted places, foxglove blooms better, although it also tolerates partial shade. With regular cutting of flowering stems, new flower arrows are formed.

Olga

The plant got its name from the Greek word "hesperos", which means - evening. The flowers are fragrant, spreading a particularly strong aroma in the evening and at night. Hesperis is a perennial grown as a biennial because in the third year, the plants bloom poorly and many die off. In the first year, a dense rosette of leaves is formed, in the second year the stem grows up to 80 cm, branched in the upper part, with numerous flowers in cylindrical racemes. The leaves are elongated, hairy. The flowers are simple and double, purple, lilac, white. Seeds are sown in June - early July, seedlings dive, in September they are planted in a permanent place. Plants bloom in June. Biennial plants produce many high-quality seeds that ripen well and self-sow. If it is not limited, then hesperis can occupy the entire flower garden. The plant is unpretentious, frost-resistant, loves moist, loose nutrient soils containing lime, withstands partial shade.

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