There are several basic principles for dividing fruits into groups.
stands out group based on their origin(from what type of gynoecium they are formed). Angiosperms have 3 types of gynoeciums.
- Apocarpous - a gynoecium of several unfused carpels (pistils). Such fruits are called apocarpous. (cornflower blue)
- Monocarp - the gynoecium consists of one pistil, formed by one carpel fused at its edges. (meadow rank)
- Coenocarpous - a gynoecium represented by one pistil, consisting of several carpels fused together. (alder buckthorn)
There are 3 variants of the coenocarp gynoecium, depending on the fusion of the carpels:
- Syncarpous - a gynoecium formed as a result of the fusion of several closed carpels to the lateral sides.
- Paracarpous - a gynoecium with a single-celled ovary, the carpels of which have grown together with their edges.
- Lysicarpous - the gynoecium has a single-celled ovary, but in the center there is a column, which is the fused upper parts of the carpels, and their lateral sections are destroyed.
According to the type of gynoecium, the fruits are divided on simple ones, the fruit is formed from a flower with one pistil and prefabricated, the fruit is formed from a flower with several pistils.
The fruits are divided into 3 groups according to with the position of the ovary in flowers.
- Upper - the fruits are formed from the upper ovary.
- Lower - the fruits are formed from the lower ovary.
- Semi-low - the fruits are formed from the lower ovary.
According to the consistency of the pericarp, the fruits are divided into juicy and dry.
Divide the fruits according to the number of seeds formed in them: single-seeded and multi-seeded.
Fruits are divided according to the ability or inability to self-open: opening and non-opening.
Fruit types
Leaflet- this fruit is simple, multi-seeded and dry, which is opened along the ventral suture (suture). The leaflet is more often not a whole fruit, but only a fruit, i.e. is part of a multi-leaflet. The leaflet is available in the Ranunculaceae family and in tropical plants.
Multi-leaflet (composite leaflet)- consists of several leaflets. Evolutionarily primitive fruit, more common in plants of the tropics and subtropics. These include plants of the Magnolia family, Ranunculaceae (ordinary catchment, high larkspur, European bathing suit), Pink (spirea, fieldfare), Cephalot, Dillenium, Triuris, Kutrovye, Lastovnevye.
Types of multi-leaflets are: dry spiral (marigold, magnolia), dry cyclic (illicium), three-leaf (larkspur), juicy spiral (Annona). Also, double-leaflets (kutrovye and lastovievye) deserve a special reservation. In their flowers, the carpels grow together in the region of the stylodia, or only in the region of the stigmas. Fruits become free at the time of ripening.
Juicy multi-leaflet (juicy prefabricated leaflet) is a rare fruit. The representative of this fruit is chinese lemongrass, growing on Far East, most species of the Annonov family and some species of Lardizabalov. It is also inherent in both genera of the Schisandr family - lemongrass and kadsura.
One leaflet- This is a typical dry multi-seeded leaflet. A single leaf is inherent in species of the genus Consolid, etc. Examples are cimicifuga from ranunculus and crimson (Cercidiphyllum should not be confused with the same name of a plant from the legume family). There is also a single leaflet in some Proteaceae.
Juicy one-leaflet (leaflet)- the fruit mainly contains seeds lying in two dense rows. They are characteristic mainly of the degeneric family. In our flora, they are found in various kinds crow from the buttercup family, the fruit is similar to a berry, due to its color and juicy texture, but along the longitudinal groove on their surface, the seam of a single carpel is guessed.
Bean is a multi-seeded fruit, dry and simple. It can open along two seams - abdominal and dorsal, as in plants of the legume family, and not open, like underground peanuts, which belongs to the group of plants of geocarpic species, the fruits of which ripen in the soil. There are jointed beans, which, when ripe, break up into one-seeded segments and are characteristic of plants of the genus Vyazel. Typical, i.e. dry beans moths have: gorse, karagannik, peas, beans, bird-foot, peas, ranks.
Beans come in a wide variety of forms, for example, the fruits of the giant mimosa creeper Entada pursaetha, reaching 15 cm wide and 1.5 meters long, and the one-seeded clover fruit 2-3 mm long. The beans of many types of alfalfa have a spiral twist. There are also strongly swollen beans, for example, smirnovia, bladderwort. False bilocular beans differ from typical ones, for example, most species of astragalus and hollywort. Juicy beans similar to dry ones, but the difference is that juicy tissues are poorly developed in juicy ones. Juicy beans are honey locust, carob, tamarind, Japanese Sophora, hazelnut.
Multinut- a fruit, the fruitlets of which contain one seed each. Endo- and mesocarps are lignified, therefore the fruitlets are called nuts. These include plants of the Buttercup family (buttercup, adonis, anemone, cornflower, sleep-grass), Pink (wild strawberry, gravel, cinquefoil, dog rose). Nutlets can be with appendages to spread better, for example, strongly overgrown feathery stilodia, like in clematis, princes, backache, or wing-shaped outgrowths of the pericarp, like in Anemonastrum narcissiflorum. Also unusual is the spiral polynutlet of the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera). When the receptacle plays a strong role in the formation of the fruit, the usual polynutlet is greatly modified and becomes a specialized fruit. So, for example, in a lotus, the fruitlets are immersed in a special depression in the tissue of the fruit seedling (immersed polynutlet), some experts call the strawberry fruit fragoy(strawberry), and experts called rose hips cinarodium.
Multi-drupe (combined drupe)- on this fruit there are several drupes on one receptacle. Representatives are plants of the Pink family, especially widely known in the genus Rubus: raspberries, blackberries, cloudberries, stone fruits and others. Also, polydrupe is found in two closely related monotypic genera - Kerry and Rosovica. Polydrupes are also present in the families Menispermaceae, Amborellaceae, Ruppiaceae.
single nut- this type is a dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruit with a lignified pericarp. These fruits are found in plants of the family Pink, Nayadovye, Rogozovye and others. Single nuts can have various appendages to spread more efficiently. The fruit of agrimony is widely known, which has an overgrown hypanthium around a single nutlet, seated with hooked curved spines. Examples of single nuts are: cattail, euptelea, hornwort, cuff, burnet. The fruits of suckers can be considered as a nut in hypanthium, it can also be called a false, or pseudo-monomeric, drupe, sphalerocarp.
single seeded bean- a simple, dry, one-seeded fruit of some plants of the legume family. The fruit can be opened (red clover) or non-opened (hop alfalfa).
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Dry drupe (pyrenary)- the fetus has a dry, leathery or spongy exo - and mesocarp. For example, in almonds, the drupe may self-open. The upper pseudo-monomeric dry drupe is characteristic of the fruits of the coconut palm, Seychelles palm, betel and palmyra palms. In our flora, a dry drupe is found in the burr head. Dry winged drupe occurs in Pteroceltis. The upper dry drupes are in the Anacardiaceae family (real pistachio). The lower dry drupes are characteristic of the walnut family (walnut).
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Kostyanka (Odnokostyanka)- a simple juicy one-seeded fruit, inherent in all representatives of the plum subfamily of the Rosaceae family (peach, apricot, plum). Monodrupes are mostly of the same type, but their bones have a different pattern sculpture. Among plums, almonds have a dry drupe, which, when ripe, cracks in the exomesocarp area. Also, a single-drupe is found in Proteus, Didimeles, Lunosemyannikovye. The fruits of some palms should also be attributed to single-bone fruits. Nipa bears fruit dry one-stone.
Date fruit – this species fetus belongs to an unclear typology. These include the fruits of date palms. The most famous representative is date palm. In its pericarp, the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp are clearly distinguished.
Achene- the fruit is cenocarpous, one-seeded, dry, non-opening, with a pericarp easily separated from the seed. The upper achenes include the fruits of buckwheat, haze, a number of sedges, indehiscent fruits of amaranth, plumbags and others. Curly and sorrel fruits have tepals of the inner circle of the perianth, which are anemo - and hydrochorus adaptations. The fruits of rhubarb and juzgana have outgrowths on the pericarp. Also, sedge fruits belong to the upper achenes. The bottom is the fruit of borschovia, and the first place is occupied by the fruits of Compositae (sweet marshwort, sunflower, goat's beard). Also, the lower ones are the fruits of the tufted, valerian, calicerous.
Achenes with pterygoid outgrowths of the pericarp are called - lionfish. Isolation of lionfish in special kind fruit is unjustified, since achenes with tufts or trailers should then also have their own name. Upper lionfish are known in various elm species and are characteristic of ash and fountainesia species. The lower lionfish is known in birch and in alder fruits.
Zernovka is a one-seeded dry paracarp fruit with a thin pericarp, with an adherent inseparable seed. This type of fruit is mainly present in the Cereal family. In most cereals, the caryopsis falls off together with the scales, adjacent areas of the spikelet, and with the flowering plants surrounding it. scales render additional protection, as well as the distribution of fruits. On the scales there are various appendages: pinnate, tenacious or spirally twisted gyroscopic. Examples of grains and cereals are: oats, millet, feather grass, bonfire, fescue, barley and others.
In the Muscat family, the fruit does not have a name. In very old works, it was called a one-seeded fleshy box. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that it has a fleshy pericarp that opens suture-dorsally. It can also be named according to the corresponding signs single seed juicy leaflet. The most famous representative is nutmeg.
Cenocarp multi-leaflet- differs from the apocarpous multileaf in that the carpel fuses completely with the side walls, and differs from the box in the way it is opened. Opens incompletely suture in areas vacant lots carpels. This type of fruit is found in the tetracentric, trochodendrous, and winter families. A coenocarp multi-leaflet is found in the cord, nigella, ash tree and some types of spirea.
Nut- the fruit is coenocarpous, one-seeded, dry, non-opening, with a pericarp easily separated from the seed. The pericarp is strongly sclerified, hard, breaking, breaks into pieces. In zelkova species, nuts are several millimeters in diameter, in phyllostilon brazilian winged nuts, in the nettle and hemp families, very small nut-like fruits. The top ones include cruciferous (sverbiga, tausheria, miagrum, non-melting and others). A typical nut is the lower fruit of the hazel. The lower nut-like fruits are characteristic of herbaceous plants, for example, sandal (sloth).
single-seeded boll- a fruit that develops from the upper ovary. It is common for the plumbag and amaranth families. Most species of amaranth are characterized by single-seeded pods that open with a lid. This type of fruit is found in the haze family (beets, hablicia), in casuarina, in the genus Aegiceras of the myrsin family.
Acorn- a specialized fruit among the nut-shaped lower fruits, characteristic of the beech family. The difference from a typical walnut is that it has a thinner pericarp and a bun of complex origin. The fruits of different types of beech are very different from each other. Oak, beech, chestnut and other beech trees have acorns.
box- the most common fruit among multi-seeded coenocarps. This type of fruit occurs in representatives of our flora, as well as in many families of the tropics and subtropics. The boll occurs independently in different phylogenetic series. This is due to the diversity of this type of fruit.
The variety lies in the type of placentation, method of opening, size, shape, consistency of the pericarp, appendages, etc. Representatives are: horse chestnut, veronica, touchy, geranium, catalpa, corydalis, celandine.
Pod, pod- This is an opening, multi-seeded, elongated-cylindrical fruit. The length is greater than the diameter (walker, rape, left-handed, knitted). There is a thin membranous septum between the placentas. Opening occurs laminally along a closed longitudinal-annular line. Those fruits that went in the direction of shortening the pod and reducing the seeds were called the pod, the length of which is about the same as the width. Pods are different in shape, but there are only two main types: wide-septum (beetle) and narrow-septum (bag). Another direction in the development of pods was the appearance of pods with spouts or beaks (mustard, radish). In addition to cabbage pods, there are few, for example, they are found in the poppy seed, cleoma and Polanisia from cleoma.
Dry opening drupe- a very rare type of fruit, in which the bones, opening up, tear the outer layers of the pericarp and scatter the seeds. Examples are in buckthorn: semi-lower Colubrina asiatica and lower Helinus ovatus.
grenade- a fruit developing from the lower ovary, having a dry, leathery, dense pericarp, opening with irregular cracks. Pomegranate got its name from the genus of the plant.
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Single-stoned drupe (pyrenary)- upper single-stoned drupes can be found in the palm family (oil palm). Upper drupes are found in the olive family (fruits of the olive tree). The upper single-stoned drupes are found in chrysobalan, daphniphylous, balanite, myrsine and others. They also include the famous coca bush of the erythroxylic family. The lower, as well as the upper, single-stoned drupes are found in a wide variety of families. These include the fruits of viburnum, as well as some types of hawthorn, for example, single-petal. Also characteristic of the lower dogwood family.
one-seeded berry- a rare type of fruit. The upper berry is present in the Remnetsvetnikovye (European Remnetsvetnik, mistletoe). In the Myrsin family there is African Myrsina. The lower one-seeded berry is characteristic of Japanese aukuba from the dogwood family. Also found in avocados.
single seed pumpkin- found in chayote (Mexican cucumber).
Berry- is the most common type of fruit among juicy multi-seeded cenocarp fruits. The berry is upper and lower. There are also opening berries, for example, in Philesia. The upper berries include the fruits of capers, actinidia, calla, grapes. The lower ones include bananas, blueberries, cranberries, gooseberries, currants and others. A feature of the berries is their different origin, as a result, the fruits of the berries have an exceptional external morphological diversity. For example, the banana fruit is a berry. In typical berries, the juicy pulp is formed from the mesocarp and endocarp, but it happens that the juicy tissue has a different morphological nature. In the currant, the pulp is formed by the aryllus of the seeds. In gooseberries, juiciness is determined to some extent by the strophiolia of the seeds. In nightshade (potato, tomato) the basis of the pulp is overgrown placenta. The most large berry found in papaya or "melon tree".
pumpkin- a fruit with a hard, sometimes with a very strong exocarp and a highly developed fleshy mesocarp. The pulp of watermelon and, to a large extent, cucumber are placenta. The bottle gourd has a flask-like shape with a very hard, waterproof exocarp. Some pumpkin fruits (Ecballium, Cyclanthera, Momordica) have a very high osmotic pressure at the time of ripening, which causes the seeds to be thrown out over a considerable distance.
Apple- a type of fruit, which is a multi-leaf overgrown with a fleshy tissue of a flower tube. A typical apple is known from the apple tree, pear, mountain ash, quince, shadberry, eriobothria and others. A fruit with a carpel forming a hard, lignified bone containing a seed can be called stone fruit. Such fruits are found in hawthorn, cotoneaster and medlar.
– top juicy fruit citrus fruits. It has a dense exocarp with huge number piece of iron. Well, in general, you all have a great idea of what they look like.
Fractional box- These are transitional fruits between opening and decaying fruits. During the period of decay, they release their naked seeds. Fractional boxes are available in the family of euphorbia (spurge, castor bean).
kalachik- this is a fruit that breaks up into open single-seeded parts. They disintegrate with the formation of a longitudinal-annular rupture near the placenta. On the ventral side, the mericarps are open. Examples are mallow (mallow, marshmallow, hatma).
Fractional cenocarp- This type of fruit does not have a common name. It occurs in some genera of Malvaceae, the fruits of which break up into closed mericarps (Pavonia spinifex). The upper fractional coenocarps are present in the triosculent from the family of rushes and the tribulus from the family of parnophyllous.
Fractional two-winged- happens in maple. The fruits of different types of maple differ slightly, but some, for example, dipteronia dipteronia chinensis, have fruits of a different type, where mericarps are similar to elm fruits. Diptera and three-winged are known in the Sapindidae family, which differ from Maple in that Maple has a straight and thickened abaxyl margin, while Sapindaceae have adaxyl margins. There are also top two- and three-winged and pantropical lianas of the Malpighian family, a kind of two-winged liana in tetrapterys citrifolia, and in the North American helieta of the rue family, fruits four-winged similar to maple fruits.
fruit of uruthi lower fractional cenocarp, splitting into 4 mericarp. In the family Heliconiaceae, the lower fractional cenocarp is divided into 3 mericarp.
Articular pods- the fruits of these jointed coenocarps are of the same type. They disintegrate along transverse false partitions. A typical jointed pod is the wild radish, also found in the whitish hypecoum.
cenobius- a kind of decaying fruit. 4 closed one-seeded fragments called erema are separated from the mature fruit. A rarity is diarrheal coenobium, in which 2 two-seeded erems fall (waxflower of the borage family). The cenobium is known in the families of labiales and borage, it is also characteristic of verbena and bog. Fruits with tenacious fruits are known: the fruits of Velcro, black root and others.
Visloplodnik- is a specialized fractional fruit of the umbrella family. The structure of Umbelliferae fruits is of the same type, but the details of the anatomical structure and external morphology are very diverse. The differences between these fruits are related to the way they are distributed. Anemohoric fruits are the fruits of hogweed, ferula, parsnip, angelica and others. Tenacious fruits with bristles or thorns are carrots, torilis, turgenia, undergrowth and others. Also, the vineyard is found in the genus Myodocarpus from the Araliaceae family endemic to the island of New Caledonia.
Fractional two-seeded- a fruit, when ripe, is divided into two one-seeded mericarps. Typical for plants of the Rubiaceae family (bedstraw, woodruff).
On some sites they write that cones and cones are fruits, but this statement is fundamentally wrong. Since cones and cones are only in gymnosperms, and the fruits are only in angiosperms.
Fetus- the reproductive organ of flowering plants, which develops after fertilization from the ovary of the pistil.
The fruit consists of seeds and a pericarp surrounding them. The pericarp develops from the walls of the ovary, in which, after fertilization, nutrients begin to accumulate. Sometimes other parts of the flower take part in the formation of the fruit - perianth, receptacle, stamens, pedicel.
The pericarp protects the fruit from mechanical damage, adverse environmental conditions, and also serves to spread plants. Many animals and birds, feeding on fruits, carry the seeds long distances in their digestive tract, where they remain unharmed, and, having fallen to the ground in a new place, germinate. Some seeds are collected by animals, such as squirrels, chipmunks, and hidden in different places, where they also germinate. The fruits have adaptations with which they stick to the paws and hair of animals, and are carried away to new places (for example, the fruits of a string, burdock).
Some dry fruits have flight adaptations - wings:
Fruit classification
- Dry (bean, pod, box, nut, acorn, caryopsis, achene, leaflet)
- Juicy (drupe, berry, apple, pumpkin, orange)
By number of seeds:
- One-seeded (caryopsis, achene, nut, drupe)
- Multi-seeded (bean, pod, box, berry, pumpkin, orange, apple)
By opening, dry fruits are divided:
- Opening (bean, pod, box)
- Non-opening (caryopsis, achene, nut)
By origin, all fruits are divided:
- Simple fruit - develops from a flower with one pistil.
- Composite fruit - develops from a flower with several pistils.
- Seed fruit - develops from the inflorescence, if the flowers in it have grown together.
simple fruits
Opening dry multi-seeded fruits - bean, pod and box. After ripening, these fruits are opened, and the seeds are scattered around.
Fetus bean have peas, beans, yellow acacia, beans. After ripening, two of its wings open, to which seeds are attached. In contrast to him, pod seeds are attached to the median septum. Pods have garden cabbage, turnip, radish, etc.
Fetus box they have poppy, black henbane, cotton, etc. In poppy, the box is opened with holes, and the seeds spill out when the stem is swaying.
In cotton - cracking of the valves.
Non-opening one-seeded dry fruits are distributed as a whole, together with seeds. Their pericarp breaks only when the seed begins to germinate. These include walnut, caryopsis and achene.
Nut- its pericarp is hard, lignified. Nuts have hazel, oak (its nut is called an acorn).
Zernovka- found in the family of cereals - wheat, rye, etc. In a caryopsis, the pericarp fuses with the seed peel.
Achene- sunflower, cornflower, dandelion. In the achene, the pericarp does not fuse with the seed coat. The dandelion seed has a crest that allows it to fly:
The elm seed has a transparent wing:
Dill achene carries two seeds (two seeds)
Drupe - juicy one-seeded fruit. It is formed in cherries, peaches, plums, bird cherry, etc. Three layers are distinguished in the pericarp of the drupe:
- Outer - thin skin
- Medium - juicy pulp
- Internal - hard lignified bone
The seed lies freely inside the seed.
Berry- a juicy multi-seeded fruit in which the seeds lie in a juicy pulp. Berries have gooseberries, grapes, tomato, lily of the valley, kiwi
pumpkin- a fruit in which the outer layer of the pericarp has a woody density, and the seeds lie in the juicy pulp - pumpkin, melon, watermelon:
Pomeranian - a multi-seeded juicy fruit, similar to a berry, but having a thick soft skin covered with zest - found in citrus fruits - orange, lemon, etc.
Apple- a multi-seeded fruit, in which the juicy pulp is formed not by the ovary, but by the flower tube. Seeds lie in membranous chambers. (Apple tree)
prefabricated fruits
Prefabricated achene- on a juicy, overgrown convex receptacle there are small dry achenes - found in strawberries, strawberries
Prefabricated drupe- on a white, dry, overgrown conical receptacle, numerous juicy drupe fruits are located. Raspberries and blackberries have such a fruit.
infructescence
Seed fruit are several mature, fused fruits. They are dry and juicy.
Juicy infructescence- in pineapple, mulberry.
Dry seed- have beets, spinach
If games or simulators do not open for you, read.The second part of the article is about champion plants. This time about the colors of the champions, the most small plants and several other nominations. The first part of the article -
The biggest flower
Most large flower in the world of plants belongs to the titan arum. The dimensions of the flower are simply fantastic: 2.5 meters in height, up to 1.5 meters in diameter and weighing 100 kilograms! As they say, no one stood next to him. More about .
The largest inflorescence
It's hard to believe, but the most large inflorescence reaches 13 meters in height and has a diameter of 2.5 meters. Belongs to this inflorescence Pouier Raymond. The miracle inflorescence consists of approximately 10,000 thousand small flowers of white or dark blue color. Also read the article about.
The smallest flower
The smallest flower belongs to the family orchid. The petals are only 2.1 mm in diameter. The petals are so transparent that you can see through them! The orchid was discovered quite recently in the forests of Ecuador.
The longest roots
The longest roots can boast South African ficus(wild fig). It grows in South Africa, near the Echo Caves. Its roots penetrate to a depth of 120 meters.
The largest leaves
The largest leaves belong to the palm tree Raffia Tedigera. With a trunk height of only 4-5 meters, the length of the leaves reaches more than 20 meters, and their width is 12 meters. A record-breaking tree grows in Brazil.
The smallest plant
The smallest plant on our planet is Wolfia, from duckweed. Its length reaches only 0.5 mm. This record-breaking plant is quite common on Earth and it grows on the surface of water bodies: swamps and ponds.
Which plant blooms the longest
Blooms the longest Karyota stinging or wine palm. A palm tree blooms only once in a lifetime, but this flowering lasts for several years. After flowering, the fruit is tied and the palm tree dies. Karyota Burning can be found in India and Burma.
Which plant is the most poisonous?
Name | Peculiarities | Examples |
Zernovka | Coriaceous | oats, |
Coriaceous | Sunflower |
|
Pericarp | Oak, |
|
Lionfish | Achenes | Maple, |
Fetus | Peas, |
|
Pod | Fetus | shepherd's |
box | pod-shaped | Poppy, |
drupes | Fetus | Cherry, |
Polyspermous | Currant, |
|
seeds | Quince, |
|
seeds | Cucumber, |
|
Pomeranian | multi-nested | Orange, |
controversy
-
This
specialized plant cells
employees for asexual reproduction
and distribution. They are covered with hard
sheath to protect them from drying out
and damage, contain a supply of nutrients
substances for the development of a new organism,
for example oil. They always form
in sporangia as a result of meiosis, then
they are haploid.
sporophyte
-
plant,
where disputes arise.
4.5. Variety of plants. The main divisions of plants. Classes of angiosperms, the role of plants in nature and human life
4.6.
Animal Kingdom. Unicellular and
multicellular animals. Characteristic
main types of invertebrates, classes
arthropods. building features,
life, reproduction, role
in nature and human life
Organ
-
This
isolated part of the body
certain structure and performing
specific features. animal organs
often combined into systems
ensuring the flow of processes
vital activity.
4.7. chordate animals. Characteristics of the main classes. Role in nature and human life
studfiles.net
Classification of fruits - a lesson. Biology, Bacteria. Mushrooms. Plants (grades 5–6).
A huge variety of fruits in plants due to the development in the process of their historical development adaptations for seed dispersal.
- By number of seeds fruits are divided into single-seeded and multi-seeded.
- Depending on the amount of water in the pericarp, juicy and dry fruits are distinguished. Ripe juicy fruits have juicy pulp in the pericarp. Ripe dry fruits do not have juicy pulp.
Find them on the table:
Berry fruits- fruits with a juicy pericarp, most often multi-seeded.
The berry is a juicy fruit with pulp covered on the outside with a thin skin.
there are many small seeds inside the fruits of currants, cranberries, blueberries, tomatoes, grapes. There are also single-seeded berries, for example, in barberry, date palm.
Apple - in its formation, in addition to the ovary, the lower parts of the stamens, petals, sepals and receptacle take part. Seeds lie in membranous dry chambers.
apple, pear, quince have such fruits.
Pumpkin - seeds lie in the juicy pulp of the fruit, the outer layer of the pericarp is woody.
pumpkin, watermelon, cucumber have such fruits.
Pomeranian (or hesperidium) is a berry-like citrus fruit.
lemon, orange.
Drupe fruits- fruits with juicy pulp and hard stone.
A drupe is a juicy fruit with a thin skin, pulp and a lignified inner layer of the pericarp - a bone, inside of which there is one seed.
drupes have cherry, plum, apricot, bird cherry. In some plants, drupes are multi-seeded, for example, in elderberry, buckthorn.
Polydrupe - numerous juicy drupes are located on a white conical dry receptacle.
such a fruit in raspberries, stone fruits.
Nutty fruits- one-seeded, indehiscent fruits with a dry pericarp.
Walnut - hard, woody pericarp. The seed is free.
hazel, hazelnuts have such fruits. In buckwheat, the fruit is a nut (small).
Acorn - the pericarp is less rigid than that of a nut; at the base, the fruit is surrounded by a cup-shaped cupule (protective cover).
the acorn fruit has an oak tree.
Hemicarp - a dry fruit, the pericarp of which is adjacent to a single seed, but does not grow together with it.
such fruits are formed in sunflower.
A caryopsis is a dry fruit, in which the membranous pericarp fuses with the seed coat of a single seed.
such fruits have wheat and corn.
box-shaped fruits- multi-seeded, usually opening fruits with dry pericarp.
Bob is a dry fruit that opens with two flaps. When the bean ripens, its wings dry up and, twisting, throw out the seeds.
such fruits in beans, peas, beans, acacia.
The pod, like the bean, has two valves, but the seeds in the pod are located not on the valves, like in the bean, but on the septum of the fruit.
pods are typical for colza, cabbage, radish, turnip, rutabaga, radish, levkoy.
Boxes differ mainly in the way they are opened. Numerous seeds spill out through special holes or cracks in the wall of the box.
in iris and tulip they open with flaps, in henbane - with a lid, in poppy and bell - with holes. Boxes also develop in flax, cotton, violet, and tobacco.
Sources:
Pasechnik VV Biology. Grade 6 // DROFA.
Ponomareva I. N., Kornilova O. A., Kuchmenko V. C. Biology. Grade 6 // IC VENTANA-GRAF.
Viktorov V.P., Nikishov A.I. Biology. Plants. bacteria. Mushrooms and lichens. Grade 7 // Humanitarian publishing center "VLADOS".
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classification of fruits and features of their structure
Of all the organs of plants, it is the fruits that rightfully occupy a leading place in their diversity. To understand this topic, you must first understand what structural features and principles the classification of fruits and vegetables is based on. Let's look at them in more detail.
fruit structure
The fruit is a modified flower. As a result of the fusion of sex cells (gametes), a seed is formed. Subsequently, it will give rise to the future plant organism. But for its germination and development, nutrients and protection are needed. This function is performed by the pericarp. It consists of three layers: outer, middle and inner. Each of them has its own characteristics depending on the type of fruit.
Fruits: classification of fruits
The principles underlying the classification are quite simple: the number of seeds and the characteristics of the layers of the pericarp are taken into account.
According to the first sign, single-seeded and multi-seeded fruits are distinguished. For example, cherry plum and pear.
The classification of fruits according to the second feature also suggests two groups: juicy and dry.
Juicy fruits
These plant parts are widely used in economic activity man, because they have valuable gastronomic qualities and are a real storehouse of vitamins and minerals.
Quince, apple, pear - these are well-known fruits. The classification of fruits determines that they all have the same structure (they also include mountain ash). The outer layer is leathery, the middle layer is fleshy, and the inner one is represented by hard membranous chambers. And this type of fruit is called "apple".
The drupe got its name from the structure of the inner layer, represented by the bone. Peach, cherry plum, plum, cherry and other members of the Rosaceae family have such fruits.
The classification of fruits determines whether a tomato belongs to a berry. At first glance, nothing in common. However, let's remember its structure. The outer leathery and middle juicy layers with a large number of small seeds ... Gooseberries, currants and grapes are also arranged.
You can often hear the phrase "berry-raspberry". From a biological point of view, it is completely wrong. In fact, this is a complex drupe, consisting of a large number of small fruits.
But persimmon and banana, according to the peculiarities of their structure, are real berries.
Watermelon, well, who does not love its fruits? The classification of the fruits of this plant is ambiguous. There is an opinion that it is also a berry. However, together with zucchini, pumpkin and melon, watermelon has a pumpkin fruit. The outer layer of such plants is very dense, with a characteristic pattern, often brightly colored.
Citrus plants boast juicy pulp. It can be found in lemon, orange, tangerine. The strawberry fruit is also characteristic, in which many dry fruitlets are deeply immersed in a fleshy, overgrown receptacle.
If the fruits grow together in the process of development, then seedlings are formed like in pineapple, hops or mulberries.
dry fruits
Let's talk now about what dry fruits are. The classification of fruits involves an additional division of this group into drop-down and non-open. The nut, whose hard and lignified shell reliably protects the seed, opens only with great effort. Similar to each other and non-opening achene and caryopsis. Only in the first, the pericarp does not grow together with the seed, as in the sunflower, and in the second, on the contrary. This is confirmed by the seeds of cereal plants: rye, wheat, corn, barley, feather grass, bluegrass.
In contrast, the soybean and bean beans themselves open their doors when ripe. Exactly the same phenomenon occurs in the pod. His seeds are not on the valves, but on the partition in the center of the fetus. A dry, dehiscent fruit, a pod, which can be found on a shepherd's purse, is similar in structure, but smaller.
The box opens easily. And this can happen in several ways. In poppies, the seeds fall out through the cloves that are at the top of the fruit. But poisonous henbane opens with a lid.
Expanding fruits have a more perfect adaptation for the distribution of seeds in nature, which contributes to a better distribution of the species over the territory.
Fruit classification: table
Name | fruit type by structure pericarp | fruit type in count | plants |
| Apple | Juicy | Polyspermous | Quince, pear |
| drupes | Juicy | one-seeded | Cherry, plum |
| Berry | Juicy | Polyspermous | Blueberries, cranberries |
| Zemlyanichina | Juicy | Polyspermous | Strawberry, strawberry |
| Complex drupe | Juicy | Polyspermous | Raspberry, blackberry |
| Bean | Dry | Polyspermous | Peas, beans |
| Pod | Dry | Polyspermous | cabbage, radish |
| Zernovka | Dry | one-seeded | Wheat, millet |
| Achene | Dry | one-seeded | Calendula, string |
| Nut | Dry | one-seeded | Forest, walnut |
| box | Dry | Polyspermous | henbane, poppy |
| Lionfish | Dry | one-seeded | Elm, Ash |
Now you know what fruits are.
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The structure of the fruit of flowering plants, their main types (Table)
The formation and structure of fruits
In many plants fetus formed from the ovary. In most plants, other parts of the flower also participate in the formation of the fruit - the receptacle, or all parts of the flower. For example, in a flower of a raspberry, a buttercup, a gravilata, there are several pistils, each of them forms a fruit, and together the fruitlets form a complex fruit.
The seeds are surrounded by a pericarp, which may be dry and juicy. On this basis, the fruits are divided into dry and juicy. Juicy fruits, for example, currants, cherries, raspberries. Dry fruits - in peas, wild radish, bluebell.
Main fruit types
Number of seeds | fruit name | Structural features | Representatives |
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dry fruits |
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single-seeded | Zernovka | The leathery pericarp fuses with the seed | Oats, rice, wheatgrass |
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The leathery pericarp does not grow together with the seed | sunflower |
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woody pericarp | Oak, hazel |
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Lionfish | Achenes and nuts with pterygoid outgrowth | Maple, ash, birch |
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Polysperms | A fruit with two wings to which seeds are attached | Peas, beans |
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Pod and pod | Fruit of two valves with a septum, seeds attached to the septum | Shepherd's purse, cabbage |
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box | A capsule-shaped fruit that opens with a lid or holes, | Poppy, henbane, carnation |
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Juicy fruits |
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single-seeded | drupes | A fruit with juicy pulp and a lignified inner layer of the pericarp - a stone | Cherry, peach, almond |
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Polysperms | Multi-seeded fruit with flesh covered with thin skin | Currant, tomato |
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Seeds lie in membranous dry chambers | Quince, pear, apple tree |
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The seeds lie in the juicy pulp of the fruit, the outer layer of the pericarp is woody | Cucumber, watermelon, zucchini |
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_______________
A source of information:
1. Biology in tables and diagrams. / Edition 2e, - St. Petersburg: 2004.
2. Biology. Plants. Bacteria. Mushrooms and lichens / V.P. Viktorov, A.I. Nikishov. -M.: VLADOS, 2012.-256s.
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What fruit will be multi-seeded? Fruit types: table
Who among us does not love juicy and sweet fruits? They are a favorite delicacy not only for children, but also for adults. Being a storehouse of vitamins and important trace elements, these parts of the plant are often the most valuable. How are they formed? What fruit will be multi-seeded? Why is a tomato a berry? For these and others interesting questions you will find the answers in our article.
The structure of the fetus
The fruit is a modified flower and the result of its vital activity. Its main purpose is the formation and distribution of seeds. Outside, they are reliably protected by the pericarp. It can be juicy or dry. But in any case, it consists of three layers: outer, middle and inner. Sometimes some of them grow together.
Usually all species of the same plant have the same type of fruit. But there are also exceptions to this rule. For example, polyspermic hygrophila, depending on the species, can form either a box or a drupe.
Fruit classification
The fruits are very varied. Their classification is based on two features: the number of seeds and the type of pericarp. What are the types of fruits? The table will help us deal with this issue.
Dry fruits in some plants can open on their own (larkspur leaflet), while in others they are not capable of this (sunflower achene). Such plants are otherwise adapted to seed dispersal. For example, the winged birch nut is easily carried by the wind due to the presence of special outgrowths of the pericarp.
single-seeded fruits
If the fruit has one seed, as a rule, it is well protected from adverse environmental influences.
The cherry seed is covered with a stone on the outside. Often it is not so easy to split it, it is so strong. Remember what peach and plum pits look like. This is a real protection for the embryo of the plant. The juicy pulp of the drupe is the food of the future organism. In addition, during the processes of decay, a large number of heat, providing conditions for the development of the embryo.
In all representatives of the cereal family, the type of fruit is called a caryopsis. At first glance, its pericarp has no layers. In fact, its layers are tightly fused with each other and with the seed coat. Due to this structure, the fetus is often given a different name. A grain is called a seed. But in the achene, the layers of the pericarp fused together can be cleaned. Who doesn't love flavorful roasted sunflower seeds? This is possible due to the fact that the pericarp does not fuse with the seed coat, unlike the grain. This type of fruit is also characteristic of asters and marigolds.
multi-seeded fruits
This type is represented in nature quite widely. Indeed, due to the large number of seeds, the plant's chances of spreading and germination increase significantly. However, they are much smaller. Multi-seeded dry fruits are most often drop-down. So, the hygrophila multi-seeded has a box that cracks with two wings.
Juicy multi-seeded fruits are produced by representatives of many plant families of great economic importance.
Berry
Potatoes, peppers, physalis, tomato - nightshade. All of them form such a type of fruit as a berry. Its pericarp is represented by an outer leathery layer and juicy middle and inner. There are many small seeds inside. Not all berries are suitable for consumption. In dope and henbane they are poisonous, and in potatoes they are inedible. However, mainly fruit and berry crops are widely grown and used by humans. These are cranberries, black and red currants, gooseberries, blueberries and many others.
pumpkin
Which fruit will be multi-seeded, consider the example of the following type. Melon, patisson, pumpkin, luffa, cucumber are representatives of the pumpkin family, which got their name due to the type of fruit of the same name. It is dense, bright orange, with a characteristic pattern of the outer layer. The inner layer is juicy, contains a large amount of water, in which very useful substances are dissolved.
In a pumpkin, for example, there is a lot of vitamin A, which is so necessary for the development of normal human vision. A similar type of fruit also has a watermelon, which is often mistakenly called the largest berry.
Zemlyanichina
The fruits of strawberries and wild strawberries have a characteristic structure: dry nuts are immersed in a juicy and fleshy receptacle. This type is called strawberry. The fruits of these plants contain a large amount of vitamin C, which helps maintain immunity.
Apple
Let us consider the structure of a fetus of this type using the example of a plant of the same name. A leathery outer layer, a juicy inner layer and membranous chambers in which the seeds are located are its characteristic features. Quince and pear have the same type of fruit. And in mountain ash they are called "apples" because of their small size.
Such a strong and tasty pericarp reliably protects the seeds from temperature extremes and lack of moisture. And thanks to valuable palatability fruits of this type are actively distributed by many animals.
polydrupe
This type clearly illustrates which fruit will be multi-seeded. To understand its structure, let's remember what a drupe is. This fruit inside has an ossified inner layer of the pericarp. All representatives of the Rosaceae family form precisely them. These are plum, cherry, cherry plum, peach, sweet cherry and many others. Often a drupe is a collection of small fruits. A typical example is a raspberry, which is often called a berry.
box
Let's move on to dry fruits. Most of them are drop-down. So, the box can have several nests. When ripe, the fruit opens, and the seeds are outside. They are usually quite small and light, so they are often carried by the wind. Most boll plants grow in soil. But the multi-seeded hygrophila prefers the water element or conditions of high humidity.
The box opens differently. Poisonous henbane opens the lid, fragrant violet- cracks, and a noble carnation - forms cloves.
Bean
From the name of this type of fruit also comes the name of the whole family - legumes. This fruit opens on both sides. In this case, the seeds during this process remain on the valves. Acacia, alfalfa, soybeans, peanuts, sweet clover, peas and beans are well-known representatives of legumes.
Pod
This type of fruit is very similar to a bean. But that's just outside. If you open the pod, the seeds will not remain on the valves, but on a vertical partition in the middle of the fruit. This is the main difference. The pod is typical for mustard, cabbage, horseradish, radish. What fruit will be multi-seeded? For example, the one called the pod. Isn't it similar names? Indeed, it is a kind of pod, from which it differs only in size. Examples of plants with this type of fruit are shepherd's purse and lunaria.
Leaflet
It is also a multi-seeded dry fruit. Its owners are larkspur and aconite. In general, its structure is similar to a bean. But the leaflet opens only on one side.
What is infertility
Many plants have small, inconspicuous flowers. Alone, they would not be visible to insects. Therefore, in nature there is a certain adaptation: small flowers collected in inflorescences. There are cases when the fruits in such formations grow together. This phenomenon can be seen in pineapple, fig or mulberry. They have fertility.
Small and light fruits are easily spread by the wind, juicy and tasty - by animals and birds. Such plant organs always have a bright outer layer of the pericarp. It is he who initially attracts animals. At aquatic plants the seeds are transported by the current for many kilometers from the place of flowering of the species. Many fruits form special outgrowths on their surface, which also contribute to their spread. A prime example is feather grass. Its fruit has a sharp shaft and characteristic clinging hairs.
Flower and fruit are indispensable adaptations of flowering plants, thanks to which they were able to occupy a dominant position in the system of the plant world on Earth.
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Classification (types and types) of fruits
Simultaneously with the development of the seed, the ovary of the flower grows and turns into fetus.
The fruit consists of a pericarp and one or more seeds. In the pericarp, the outer layer is distinguished - exocarp, internal - endocarp and the middle layer mesocarp. In some fruits, these parts are clearly distinguishable (in cherries, plums, apricots), while others do not (in fruits hazel). The pericarp protects the seeds from damage and in many cases facilitates their spread.
Pod types
In addition to the ovary, other parts of the flower can also take part in the formation of the fetus: the base of the perianth, stamens, receptacle. Such fruits are called false.
The fruits may be simple, formed from one pistil in a flower, and complex- from several pistils of one flower. Groups of fruits formed from an inflorescence and fused, as it were, into one fruit are called fertility (pineapple, beetroot).
Fruit types
The fruits are very diverse in origin and structure of the pericarp, size, shape, color. The classification of fruits is based on the structure of the pericarp, its consistency, and the number of seeds. On the basis of these characteristics, the fruits are divided into dry and juicy, single-seeded and multi-seeded, dehiscent and non-opening.
Dry, multi-seeded, opening fruits
Dry, multi-seeded, opening - leaflet, bean, pod, box(Fig. 49).
- Leaflet- formed by one carpel and opens with one suture ( larkspur). If there are many pistils in a flower, then leaflets from one pistil make up a single fruit - a multi-leaflet ( bathing suit, marigold).
- Bean- unilocular fruit, formed by one carpel, opens with two valves (peas, beans, acacia).
- Pod - bilocular fruit, formed by two carpels, opens with two valves, between which there is a septum to which seeds are attached ( radish, cabbage, mustard).
- Pod- differs from the pod in that its length does not exceed its width by more than 2 times (shepherd's bag, yarutka).
- box- a multi-seeded fruit, formed by several carpels, opens in a variety of ways: valves, holes, lid, etc. (poppy, willow, poplar).
If dry multi-seeded fruits do not open after ripening, but fall apart, they are called fractional (radish, maple).
Dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruits
The fruits are dry, one-seeded, non-opening - nut, nut, weevil, achene, acorn.
Nut- the pericarp is woody or densely leathery, does not grow together with the seed. The pistil is formed by several carpels ( hazel, linden).
Nut- is formed from the pistil, which consists of one carpel. The pericarp is dry, woody ( cattail). If there are many pistils in the flower, a multi-nutlet is formed. (buttercup, cinquefoil).
Achene- has a leathery pericarp that does not grow together with the seed ( dandelion, chamomile, cornflower).
Zernovka- has a membranous pericarp that grows together with the seed. Characteristic for cereals.
Acorn- has a densely leathery pericarp; with fruits there is a cupule formed by the fusion of woody bracts (chestnut, oak).
Juicy, single- and multi-seeded, indehiscent fruits
Fruits are juicy, single and multi-seeded, non-opening - drupe, berry, strawberries, Apple, pumpkin, orange.
drupes- one-seeded fruit with clearly visible layers of the pericarp: the outer layer is membranous; median - juicy, fleshy; internal ligneous, pitted ( plum, cherry, sweet cherry). If there are several pistils in a flower, it develops polydrupe(at blackberries, raspberries). Material from the site http://doklad-referat.ru
Berry- a multi-seeded fruit, with a membranous or membranous-leathery outer layer of the pericarp, a juicy middle and membranous inner layer. Formed in flowers from the top (grapes, lily of the valley) and lower (blueberry, currant) ovary. The pistil consists of several carpels.
strawberries- the fruit of a polysemyanka, where the ripe seedlings-seeds are placed on an overgrown juicy and bright receptacle.
Apple- a multi-seeded, multi-celled fruit with a leathery outer layer of the pericarp, a juicy and fleshy middle and cartilaginous inner layer. It is formed from flowers with a lower ovary ( rowan, quince, apple tree).
pumpkin- a multi-seeded fruit with a hard, sometimes woody outer layer of the pericarp and juicy, fleshy middle and inner layers. Pumpkin is formed in flowers with a lower ovary of pistils, consisting of several carpels.
Pomeranian- a multi-seeded, multi-celled fruit, formed in flowers with an upper ovary from a pistil, which consists of several carpels. The outer layer of the pericarp is leathery, with essential oil glands, the middle layer is spongy, white; internal - fleshy, juicy ( orange, lemon).
On this page, material on the topics:
Plant generative organs abstract
Abstract classification of fruits
Brief message about juicy fruit
Dry multi-seeded fruits
Questions about this item:
What is the fruit made of?
What fruits are called false?
What is fertility? Give examples of infructescences.
How are fruits classified?
What is the correct name for the fruits of strawberries, raspberries, cherries, wild roses, blueberries?
What type are the fruits of potatoes, lemon, wheat, dandelion?
doklad-referat.ru
The nature of the pericarp | Number of seeds | fruit name | Structural features | plant examples |
Dry (dry fruits) | Polysperms | Leaflet, multi-leaflet | One-celled fruit that opens along one seam | Catchment, swimsuit, buttercup, delphinium |
A one-celled fruit that opens along two seams with seeds located on the valves of the fruit | Peas, beans, lupins, soybeans, peanuts, vetch, lentils, chinka, clover |
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Pod (pod) | Two-celled fruit that opens with valves, with seeds on the inner partition | Cabbage, radish, mustard, radish, shepherd's purse, yarutka |
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box | Single-celled or multi-celled fruit that opens with a lid, holes or splits into parts | Poppy, tulip, dope, henbane, flax |
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Single-seeded | Nut (nut and multi-nut) | Indehiscent unilocular or bilocular fruit with woody pericarp | Hazel, linden, gravel, lotus, hemp |
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Non-opening fruit with a leathery pericarp immersed in a cupule - a cap | ||||
Lionfish (two-winged) | Multi-celled fruit with a leathery pericarp having outgrowths | Elm, birch, maple, ash |
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Visloplodnik | Fractional, decaying multi-celled fruit | Carrot, dill, celery |
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An indehiscent single-celled fruit with a leathery pericarp, often with outgrowths - tufts and spines. | Dandelion, sunflower, succession, thistle, cornflower |
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Zernovka | Non-opening unilocular fruit with membranous pericarp closely adjacent to the seed coat. | Wheat, rice, corn, barley, millet, sorghum |
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Juicy (juicy fruits) | Single-seeded | Drupe (multi-drupe) | Non-opening single-celled fruit with hard intracarp and membranous colored extracarp. If the intercarp becomes dry, the fruit is called a dry drupe. | Cherry, apricot, plum, mango, raspberry, stone fruit, cloudberry, almond, walnut |
Polysperms | Single-celled or multi-celled indehiscent fruit. | Currants, grapes, potatoes |
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Apple (apple) | Multi-celled non-opening fruits with a cartilaginous intracarpel. In addition to the ovary, the receptacle is involved in the formation of the fetus. | Apple tree, pear, mountain ash, hawthorn |
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A multi-celled fruit with an extracarp that becomes woody when ripe. In addition to the ovary, the receptacle is involved in the formation of the fetus. | Cucumber, watermelon, melon, pumpkin, zucchini |
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Zemlyanichina (fraga) | A multi-nutlet on a fleshy receptacle that has grown when ripe. | Strawberry, strawberry |
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cynorhodia | A polynutlet in a concave, goblet-shaped receptacle that has grown at maturity. | Rose hip |
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Pomeranian (Hesperidium) | Multilocular fruit, consisting of three layers: flavedo, albedo, pulp. | Orange, tangerine, lemon |
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grenade | A multi-celled fruit that opens at maturity with a leathery pericarp. The seeds have a juicy skin. |
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Ecology
amazing flowering plant called wolfia spherical, gives such small fruits (width from 0.4 to 0.8 mm) that more than 1,000 of these fruits can fit on one human finger.
Wolffia spherical: the smallest fruit
One such fruit weighs about70 micrograms.
It is also worth noting that Wolffia spherical also stands out as the smallest flowers in the world among all flowering plants.
Its natural range is tropical and subtropical Asia, however, the plant was introduced into North and South America.
Wolffia spherical grows along the shores of lakes, rivers, ponds, as well as ditches, where it spreads very quickly through the reservoir. It will also be interesting to note that this plant does not need roots for the stems or leaves to survive.
unusual fruits
This smallest plant in the world blooms, and later emerges from the flower a tiny fruit called "utricle" or "pouch".
This plant blooms between June and September.
Wolffia spherical fruits are cultivated in Southeast Asia, as they are rich in protein. This fruit is considered an abundant source of food, aswolfia reproduces very quickly. Wolffia tastes like watercress.
This micro plant is also considered a great source of energy. If used as a biofuel, it would be carbon neutral as it extracts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
In addition, this plant can be used to filter water by balancing the levels of phosphorus and nitrogen.
Another benefit of wolfia is its ability reduce cadmium and arsenic levels in the environment.
Scientists are looking at wolfia as a possible source of food and energy for long-term space travel.
The world's largest fruit
Among all edible fruits, the largest are the jackfruit fruits that grow on trees. Them length can reach 110 cm, diameter - 20 cm, and weight - 34 kg.
Experts consider India (in particular, the Eastern Ghats) and Bangladesh to be the birthplace of jackfruit, where this fruit is considered national.
Today, jackfruit grows profusely in South-East Asia and in the Philippines. This tree can also be found in East Africa, namely in Kenya and Uganda.
It is worth noting that this fruit is consumed both ripe and unripe. The latter is used as a vegetable - it is boiled, fried, and also stewed, but the ripe fruit is used fresh, especially when preparing salads and desserts.
Healthy jackfruit
A ripe jackfruit has a very strong aroma. Inside, it smells like a mixture of pineapple and banana, and it tastes like blend of apple, pineapple, mango and banana.
Jackfruit is incredibly nutritious. It contains about 40% carbohydrates, and seeds can contain 38% carbohydrates, 6.6% proteins and 0.4% fats. As a rule, the seeds of this fruit are roasted like chestnuts.
Since jackfruit wood is not damaged by termites and fungi, it is often used in construction, furniture production, and musical instruments.
List of useful substances contained in jackfruit:
Vitamins:
A, beta-carotene, thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), nicotinic acid (vitamin B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), vitamin B6, folic acid (vitamin B9), vitamin C, vitamin E.
Minerals:
Calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, zinc.