How to install a sump pump in a septic tank. Pumps for septic tanks: types and applications

The service for pumping out local sewerage from dachas, private houses and cottages is expensive and leads to regular expenses from family budget. The best decision problems - the installation of a treatment system, the operation of which is ensured by a pump for a septic tank, which combines two functions: grinding large waste and the subsequent movement of dirty water into the drainage of the filtration well.

The choice is based on simple calculations by selecting the most suitable technical characteristics.

Pencloseds fecal pumps

They are equipped with special grinders, thanks to which large particles are crushed and pass through the system using the pressure created in it.

They are installed directly into the septic tank and must be completely submerged in water. They are small in size, easy to use and do not require special care. They have tightness and good ability to pump out and move wastewater through horizontal and vertical pipelines.

They differ in the pressure created, electrical power, immersion depth and body material. Majority modern models equipped with a float with automatic control of the level of pumped water and protection against dry running, which reduces the possibility of breakdown to a minimum.

Mounted to the bottom of the container using a pipe in a vertical position, fixation is carried out under the pressure of its own weight.

Such pumps are most often used for pumping out a septic tank at home.

Important! The housing must be constantly immersed in water to prevent damage due to overheating.

Semi-submersible

Used for pumping dirty wastewater with solid element sizes not exceeding 15 mm. If there is large waste, a pump for pumping out a septic tank of this type is installed in combination with a grinder.

Important! Installation should be carried out in such a way that top part protruded above the water level, and the lower one was in liquid.

Superficial

Technical capabilities make it possible to pump out liquid with particles no larger than 0.5 cm. They are installed by immersing the pipe in water, while the mechanism itself is fixed on the surface of the septic tank or at a distance of up to 9 m from it. They are characterized by ease of installation and low price. They are used mainly as additional ones, when emergency pumping is necessary.

Important! Surface pumps should not be installed without being protected from precipitation; the housing is not sealed; moisture ingress will lead to failure.

Drainage pumps

They are used for a septic tank when discharging dirty water containing small particles up to 1 cm in size. They are also used for moving surface and groundwater.

They are characterized by economical energy consumption, relatively low cost and long service life. Equipped with a protective grille, designed for a maximum temperature of +40ºС.

Fecal pumps differ from drainage pumps in their high throughput. When pumping liquid through the channels, large waste is crushed in it. After such processing, through the outlet pipe, the water enters final filtration.

Capable of grinding large components, up to 8 cm in diameter. In most cases, they are installed to supply waste to a septic tank.

Air

They are mounted in a container to fill it with oxygen, which helps activate the necessary bacteria.

Selection of pumps by characteristics

The selection is made based on the resulting numerical data.

Calculation necessary pressure

It is carried out according to the formula:

Н=Г+(Дт/10)*кз, m

G is the depth of the tank, m;

Dt – length of the pipeline, or distance to the filtration field, well, septic tank, m;

kз – safety factor, excludes equipment operation at maximum limits, 1.2-1.25.

Calculation example for a depth of 2 m and a length of 30 m.

Н=2+(30/10)*1.2 =6.2 m required pressure.

Definition required productivity

• Initially determined daily consumption water. For this purpose, data from cold and hot water meters is recorded.
• A day later, meter readings are taken again. The difference between the final and initial data is the daily consumption.
• The volume of waste into the sewer is assumed to be equal to the water flow.
• The pump capacity is equal to daily water removal.

For example, the water consumption according to cold water and hot water meters per day was: cold - 70 l, hot - 40 l. Summing up, we get 110 liters. Therefore, such performance is needed.

• Using the table, a pump with characteristics closest to those calculated is selected. In this case, this is a minimum head of 6 m, a capacity of 110 l/min. Most suitable device marked in bold in the table.

Name of indicator, units. measurements	Technical characteristics of the most common pumps with grinders
Feed, l/min	15	25	27	30	135	140	150	200	217	230	240	270	550
Head, m	9	14	16	18	5,5	6	6	13	7	8	6	8	14
Immersion, m	7,5	9	12	13	8	8	8	8	8	8	20	8	8
Passed particle size, mm	27	15	42	42	35	15	35	42	35	25	40	35	40
Power, W	250	1100	450	750	380	250	400	750	600	590	370	800	2000
Housing material	N	N	N	N	PP	P	P	N	P	P	H	P	P

Explanation of abbreviations:

N – stainless steel;

Ch – cast iron;

P – plastic;

PP – polypropylene.

Whichchoose a pump for a septic tank?

As a study of consumer demand has shown, the most suitable pumps for dirty water from septic tanks are fecal and drainage, with a capacity of around 200 liters per minute, the optimal pressure is from 5 to 13 m.

Cheap models with a plastic body are often installed in places of rare use, for example in the country. They are less resistant to mechanical damage and wear out quickly with frequent use.

For a residential building, it is certainly better to purchase a more expensive pump, from of stainless steel. It is durable with frequent use.
Additional Information! Before purchasing, read the instructions and make sure there is protection against dry running.
The use of pumps in everyday life greatly facilitates human work; they perform various functions, but regardless of their purpose, they provide additional convenience and create comfort.

Planning the location of bathrooms and plumbing fixtures in country houses and cottages is always fraught with the difficulty that they must be located close to sewer riser. Also, the pipes leading to the riser must have a slope in its direction so that the wastewater can move by gravity. Such conventions impose certain restrictions - all plumbing must be located close to each other. This problem becomes irrelevant if sewage pumps are installed. Using these pumps allows you to install a toilet, washing machine, shower and other appliances where it is convenient for you, in the basement or basement - below the location of the main sewer pipe. This is especially true for cafes, restaurants and sports clubs located in the basements of high-rise buildings. Sometimes in country houses they install fecal submersible pumps, processing wastewater from around the house and pumping it into a septic tank. Such pumps differ from those described above, and in order not to make a mistake, you need to understand what each pump is intended for.

Types of sewage pumps

Sewage pumps can be divided into two categories: household and industrial. Household pumps are designed to pump Wastewater from one or more consumers and can be used in country houses, private small hotels, cafes, restaurants, bars, clubs and shops. Industrial sewage pumps are installed in multi-storey buildings or even at substations leading to the sewer.

Domestic sewage pumps

Sewage pumps for domestic needs differ in purpose and place where they are used, and also have design differences. For example, there are pumps that are installed directly under the water consumer, and there are pumps for forced sewerage that are installed in the well of a septic tank or sewer pumping station.

Household sewer pumps come in the following versions:

• (equipped with a chopper).

A pump of this type is installed directly behind the toilet no further than 40 cm and is a box approximately the size of a toilet flush cistern. The color of the pump body can be chosen so that it matches the color of the toilet and is not noticeable. The unit is connected to the drain pipe from the toilet. When the toilet flushes, it fills the pump, where metal grinder blades grind fecal matter and toilet paper. Such a pump will not cope with more serious debris, for example, a towel and personal hygiene products.

After grinding the waste, wastewater is pumped through a pipeline into the sewer riser. Typically, such toilet pumps are capable of pumping liquids up to 10 m in height and up to 100 m in the horizontal plane. After the wastewater is sent to the sewer, the toilet water seal is filled with water again.

The pipes leaving the pump can have a diameter from 18 mm to 40 mm. This allows you to lay them without harm overall design premises, for example, for plasterboard sheathing or under the ceiling. Grinder pumps allow you to install toilets in any room, regardless of the location of the sewer riser, as well as below the location of the main sewer pipe. For example, this could be a basement, ground floor, redevelopment in a standard apartment and moving the bathroom to another place.

The price of such sewage pumps depends on the manufacturer. For example, popular French pumps from the company Grundfos Sololift2 WC-1 And Sololift2 WC-3 cost 350 USD and 450 USD respectively. These are reliable units that come with a warranty. In addition, in the CIS countries there is a fairly developed network of service centers that install and repair sewage pumps of this brand. Pumps from another French company, SFA (a direct competitor), are in approximately the same price range. Model SFA SaniBroyeur Silence costs, for example, 350 USD. Although they are a little cheaper, they have less power and pump to a lower height. But the pump of the Russian company Subline Service called Unipump Sanivort 600 will cost only 200 USD.

Maximum temperature The wastewater that a toilet sewer pump can pump is in the range of +35 °C - +50 °C. This is indicated in more detail in the instructions for the specific model. Also, many pumps have an additional inlet for draining from a washbasin, shower or bidet, or urinal. Therefore, the water temperature is great importance. If the water temperature is much higher, the pump may fail, although some models have protection installed that allows pumping hot water for a short time (30 minutes), but not constantly.

In addition to toilet pumps, which are a box measuring approximately 30x45x16 cm, there are also built-in grinder pumps for wall hung toilets. They are compact in size, thickness does not exceed 12 cm, so they are convenient to hide behind a plasterboard partition.

There are also models that combine a toilet and a pump without a flush tank. Such a device is not cheap ( SFA Sanicompact 43 costs 900 - 1000 USD), but it is convenient and takes up little space. The toilet is connected directly to the water supply network and has an additional outlet for draining the washbasin.

• (without chopper).

Such pumps are also called sanitary pumps, as they pump dirty water, but are not equipped with a chopper, which means that the drained water should not contain foreign objects. Sewage pumps for the kitchen have several inlet pipes, so they can be connected to the drain from the kitchen sink, bathroom, shower and washbasin. They are installed in a cabinet under the sink or any convenient location. Pay attention to the maximum temperature of wastewater that such a pump can pump. For example, model Sololift2 D-2 for showers, bidets and sinks, designed for water temperatures not exceeding +50 °C. This means that you cannot connect a dishwasher or washing machine to it. It is also important that kitchen pumps quickly become covered with a greasy coating from the inside and require timely cleaning.

This category of sewage pumps must be distinguished separately. Such units can remove hot wastewater from washing machines and dishwashers, as well as bathtubs and showers. For example, to the pump Grundfos Sololift2 C-3 you can connect a sink, dishwasher, bath and shower. The water temperature should not be higher than +75 °C; for a short time the pump can withstand a temperature of +90 °C. This French unit costs about 400 - 420 USD. Sewage pumps Wilo DrainLift TMP 32-0.5 EM And SFA SaniVite Silence also designed for water with a temperature of +75 °C and cost 350 - 400 USD.

• Submersible sewage pump.

Such pumps are also called fecal submersible pumps, and they are radically different from all those described above. Submersible pumps are installed in a well or container into which wastewater from the entire country house flows. In principle, this can be not only Vacation home, this could be a cafe, restaurant, club or other facility that has an autonomous sewage system. The submersible sewage pump is equipped with a powerful motor and cutting mechanism, which is capable of shredding not only feces and toilet paper, but also fabric towels, rubber gloves, feminine hygiene products, terry towels and other large items. The only thing it can't handle is stones and metal objects, the release of which into drains must be avoided.

After crushing foreign matter, wastewater is pumped into a septic tank, where it is treated. Submersible sewage pumps are manufactured by companies such as Grundfos, Wilo, KSB, FLYGT, HOMA and GORMAN-RUPP. The body of such a pump and the grinder are usually made of cast iron or stainless steel. The pump itself can be equipped with a float, signaling that the wastewater level has reached a point after which the pump should start pumping. In the same way, the float controls the shutdown of the unit.

For fecal sewer pumps, the price depends on the power of the unit. For example, a powerful pump PEDROLLO MS 30/50+QES300 remote control with a power of 2200 W costs almost 1000 USD, its analogue is simpler with a power of only 750 W PEDROLLO MCM 10/50 costs already 350 USD The price is also affected by the reputation and requests of the manufacturer. For example, a Ukrainian-made fecal pump DNIPRO-M will cost only 60 - 70 USD, although it has a power of 2750 W.

In addition to the above, household sewage pumps include: semi-submersible pumps and pumps that are mounted “dry”. Also popular KNS(sewage pumping stations), which are a ready-made container for wastewater in which a fecal pump is already installed required power. When choosing a pump for your home, be sure to read the characteristics of the unit and recommendations for its use, or better yet, consult with a specialist.

Industrial sewage pumps

Industrial sewage pumps are used in multi-storey buildings, remote sites, cottage villages and in enterprises for pumping wastewater into city or autonomous sewerage. The same pumps are installed at pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants. Conventionally, industrial pumps can be divided into the following groups:

Submersible pumps are operated submerged in water at all times. Since the unit is located in an aggressive environment, its body and parts are completely made in accordance with the requirements for stability. The popularity of these types of pumps is due to the fact that they are used directly inside a sewage pumping station and do not require a special location for placement, as well as an additional pipeline.

It is also worth clarifying that submersible pumps are also suitable for “dry” installation, only in this case it is necessary to properly organize the pipe supply and pressure at the inlet pipe.

Such pumps are installed openly in the basements of high-rise buildings, as well as in industrial sewage pumping stations. Their main difference is that the pump and motor are located separately and connected by a coupling. At correct operation cantilever pumps can last for a long time without repairs or breakdowns. If repairs are necessary, it is easy to carry out, since the pump is in plain sight.

• Self-priming sewage pump of dry installation.

Such pumps are installed in a separate room in a specially equipped place inside the sewage pumping station (sewage pumping station). They have excellent characteristics, are easy to maintain, but are quite expensive, so they are rarely used nowadays.

When choosing an industrial sewage pump, it is extremely important to choose a model from a manufacturer that can provide specialists for installation, and then deal with the accompanying diagnostics, maintenance and repairs.

Sewage pump installation

So, if there is a problem of the impossibility of moving wastewater by gravity, then there is nothing else left but to install sewage pumps. We have already considered that the scope of their application is diverse and it is necessary to select a specific model for specific tasks.

To be able to install the toilet in a place convenient for you, without being tied to the location of the sewer riser, you need to equip it with a sewer pump for the toilet. This applies not only country houses, but also apartments in which redevelopment has been carried out, as well as premises in the basement.

What pumps can be used to connect to the toilet? Grundfos pumps models Sololift2 WC-1, Sololift2 WC-3, Sololift2 CWC-3(wall mounting), company pump Wilo DrainLift KH 32-0.4 EM, pumps from SFA model SFA SaniTop Silence, SFA SaniBroyeur Silence, SFA SaniPRO XR Silence and others. These sewer pumps received the most flattering reviews. They are characterized as reliable and high-quality units.

Most toilet pumps have additional inlets, into which you can connect sink drain, soul, bidet And urinal. Therefore, with the help of one pump it is possible to remove wastewater from an entire bathroom.

The easiest way to connect a sewer pump to a toilet is to install a toilet with a built-in pump. You can see how this is done in the video example.

A conventional sewage pump is installed behind the toilet no further than 40 cm from it.

Tips for connecting a sewer pump to a toilet:

• Pay attention to the diameter of the inlet pipe on the pump. It must match the outlet of the sewer drain pipe from the toilet (toilet bowl outlet). If the diameter of these holes is different, the installation will be incorrect.
• Before installing the sewage pump, read the instructions carefully. Most often it is equipped with all necessary diagrams and recommendations, and the pump itself includes everything you need, right down to the mounting screws.

• The first step is to insert connecting elbows or supply pipes into the inlet pipes.
• Then install the pump behind the toilet and secure it to the floor with screws. On the pump body there are special cast lugs with holes for such fastening.
• All pipes supplying the pump should be located with a slope of 3 cm by 1 m, ensuring the movement of wastewater by gravity.

• Then the outlet is connected to the outlet sewage pipe. What recommendations exist for its location are indicated in the photo example (dependence of pressure on the height and length of the pipeline).

• If the sewer pump model requires ventilation, then it is necessary to install the ventilation duct above the ridge of the roof of the house. Although there are models with a carbon filter that ensure no unpleasant odors in the house.
• The pump is connected to the electrical network through a 30 mA RCD. If the pump model is supplied with a ready-made plug, then it can be connected to a personal socket, the cable to which must be routed directly from the panel and the RCD.
• All bends of outlet and inlet pipes must be smooth.
• All pipeline connections must be made by soldering, welding or adhesive joints.
• If there is a need to drain wastewater in a vertical plane, then the vertical section of the discharge pipe must be made no further than 30 cm from the outlet of the pump. This will ensure normal pressure in the pipeline.

Please note that the toilet sewer pump cannot be installed below floor level or in pits. Only next to the toilet, ensuring easy access to the pump for maintenance and repair. To prevent the water that the pump removes from returning, a check valve must be installed on the outlet pipe.

If the kitchen is planned install a dishwasher or washing machine, then the sewage pump must be selected that is resistant to high temperatures - up to +90 ° C. The following models are suitable: Grundfos Sololift2 C-3, Wilo DrainLift TMP 32-0.5 EM And SFA SaniVite Silence. There are also more powerful models with storage tank, which can pump large volumes of wastewater from all appliances in the kitchen.

You can install a sewer pump in the kitchen anywhere - in a cabinet under the sink, near a wall, in a closet or other convenient place. The main thing is to calculate everything so that all supply pipes are located with a sufficient slope (3 cm per 1 m) and are not too long. Otherwise you will have to use several pumps.

Tips for connecting a sewer pump for the kitchen:

• If several pressure sewer pumps are used, they must have individual entrances to a common riser or main. Connecting the outlet pipes from the pumps into one is prohibited.
• If the outlet pipe from the pump has an extended horizontal section, which is located below the pump level, then at the highest point it is necessary to install a valve (0.7 bar) to ensure air access after the pump is turned off.
• If the pump model requires cooling electrical diagram air, then the pump will come with a special plastic tube, which must be inserted into a special hole in the housing and brought out vertically 50 - 80 cm above the pump. This will ensure a flow of air to cool the electrical circuits.

The outlet pipe from the pump must be made of hard plastic, such as polypropylene or polyethylene. Flexible corrugation cannot be used in pressure sewers.

A fecal pump is used to process and pump wastewater into a septic tank. In cases where it is impossible for wastewater to flow directly from the house into the septic tank, for example, if it is located far away, a collection well is installed next to the house, into which a sewage pump is installed. Sewage from the entire house flows into a collection well, where a pump crushes it and pumps it further into a septic tank for purification.

Also, installing a collection well is possible if the central sewer system is located at a distance and it is necessary to create a pressure capable of directing wastewater directly into it.

Most convenient option- purchase and installation KNS (Sewage Pumping Station). She represents plastic container of various volumes and shapes, the material of which is resistant to aggressive environments. The container is completely sealed and there is practically no danger of leaks. A fecal pump is installed inside the tank, which processes garbage and wastewater and pumps it further. Most often such pumps are submersible.

It is necessary to dig a pit of the required depth under the container. Only the hatch should remain on top. The bottom of the pit should be compacted, and then a concrete pad should be placed on top. To do this, crushed stone and sand are added, and then concrete is poured in a layer of 10 - 15 cm. After the concrete has hardened - after about a week - you can install sewer station. It must be lowered carefully. The pump station must be strictly level - vertically.

The pump is connected strictly according to the instructions. For this purpose, a cable and chain are provided to lower and raise the pump. The outlet pipeline must be made with high quality by soldering or welding.

Then the KNS container must be filled with water, this will make it possible to sprinkle around the container. As the container is filled with water, the outside walls of the pump station can be filled with sand to the very top. The last 15 - 20 cm can be laid with turf. After fixing the pump station in the pit, the water can be drained.

Installing a sewer pump with your own hands is not a difficult task, but only if you strictly follow the instructions and do not make compromises. For example, you cannot install a sewage pump for a toilet in a collection well or connect a pump with a temperature limit of +35 °C to a washing machine. Directly for connecting the pump is provided detailed instructions. If suddenly you cannot figure it out on your own, do not take risks, seek help from professionals.

A sewage pump is an expensive and complex device. For his optimal performance necessary correct installation. In this article I will tell you the basic rules for installing sewer pumping systems. Let's start looking at the installation rules in order.

Installing a sewer pump on a toilet.

sewerage installation Sololift2 WC-1

More or less discussed here general rules installation of such pumps. Therefore, you need to read the instructions that come with the product. So, let's begin:

• If a vertical section is provided in the pressure sewer, then it MUST be located at the beginning. The height of the vertical section varies depending on the distance from the general sewer riser and the diameter of the pressure sewer.
• Horizontal sections of the pressure sewer must have a slope towards the sewer riser. Slope value different manufacturers may vary, so please check your instruction manual for details.
• It is necessary to correctly select the diameter of the pressure sewer, based on the number of connected “sources”, that is, if in addition to the toilet, your pump is also connected to a shower stall and a washbasin, then you need to make a pressure sewer from a pipe of a larger diameter. Tables for selecting pipe diameters are available in the pump instructions. In addition, pay attention to the maximum consumption of your pumping unit, it must have time to pump out all the drains. Otherwise it will break
• For turns of the pressure pipeline, it is better to use bends at 45º. This will reduce the likelihood of blockage in the pressure part.
• It is advisable to connect the sewer pump directly to the toilet. If it becomes necessary to install a toilet through a pipe, then you need to specify its maximum length in the instructions. For example, for Grundfos pumps this distance should not exceed 150 mm.
• Manufacturers prohibit installing sewage pumps in pits near the toilet. How this is explained was never clearly explained to me. But to maintain the guarantee, I recommend observing this point.
• The pumping unit must be firmly fixed to the floor surface.

Installation of a sewer pump for a shower stall and sink.

Now let's look at the installation rules for the shower stall and washbasin (sink):

• The sewer pump for shower cabins can be installed in any convenient place in the bathroom (installation can even be made under the shower cabin). But we must remember that the drains from the shower cabin and washbasin flow into the pump by gravity, so the non-pressure sewer system must be laid with slopes towards the pump.
• If you install the pump in basement or in any other place below the sewer riser, then first you need to make a vertical section of the pressure sewer. And then make horizontal sections with a slope towards the sewer riser.
• Select the correct diameter of the sewer pressure part. Selection tables are in the instructions for the device.
• Do not exceed the number of connected water supply points recommended by the manufacturer. And if you install an additional point of analysis through a tee, then keep in mind that the sewage pump has a maximum flow rate and it should not be exceeded.

Installation of a kitchen pump for a washing machine and dishwasher.

The pump for pumping out gray wastewater from a dishwasher and washing machine differs from the previous one in its ability to operate at high wastewater temperatures (some models can withstand temperatures of 90º C for a short time). All other connection rules will be identical to those specified in the previous subsection. I bring to your attention another video:

Installation of a sewage pumping station.

Here are the most general rules for installing sewer pumping stations:

• • The sewage pumping station must be installed in a heated utility room. In addition, the room should not be flooded.
  • The station is attached rigidly to the floor using fasteners. This is necessary to dampen vibration from the station engine.
  • The selection of pipe diameters is carried out according to the user manual. The more sources of wastewater, the larger the diameter of the pipes you need to use.
  • It is advisable to make the pressure pipeline from PVC or PP pipes for gluing or soldering.
  • If it is necessary to make a vertical section of pressure sewerage, then it is done right next to the pumping station. Subsequent horizontal sections are made with a slope of at least 1° towards the riser. Relationship between vertical height and length horizontal section pressure sewerage are given in the instructions and vary depending on the diameter of the pipes.

Summary.

Before installing the sewage pump, carefully read the instruction manual, namely the part dedicated to installation. Then select the diameter of the pipe for laying the pressure part of the sewer according to special tables in the user manual. Only after this can you begin purchasing materials and installing the pump. That's all, write your questions in the comments and use the social network buttons.

Even within the city limits it is often impossible to connect to centralized communication systems, not to mention remote areas located beyond the city limits settlements. The owners independently organize the water supply and drainage, install heating boilers and boilers.

In the old days, the toilet on the site was cesspool, which, as it filled, was either filled up or sewage services were called in to pump out sewage. Today, to clean stationary septic tanks, drainage pumps are used that are capable of pumping sewage with solid inclusions of a specific nature.

Drainage and fecal pump for a septic tank - what is the difference?

Pumps installed to service a septic tank pump out sewage of different compositions. The fecal pump is capable of operating in liquid media of varying viscosity without the presence of solids or with particles small size. The equipment is equipped with grinder knives or other cutting mechanisms responsible for processing impurities to a fine consistency.

Drainage pumps are designed for pumping out sewage with relatively large specific inclusions.

Pumping equipment is required to organize the collection of wastewater from a deeper septic tank into a higher septic tank, treatment plant, external sewerage or waste disposal container. Also, devices are used to pump completely purified liquid from an intermediate well to an irrigation surface, to a drainage ditch or to filtration fields.

Types of pumps for septic tanks

Drainage pumps are divided according to several criteria:

• installation method or placement - submersible, including semi-submersible, as well as surface;
• manufacturing materials - plastic, metal and combined;
• permissible sizes of solid inclusions;
• power;
• dimensions;
• cost.

When buying a drainage pump, you need to clearly determine the expected volume of wastewater and its composition, in particular, the possible size of solid impurities. From the right choice equipment largely depends effective work sewer system generally.

Low-power plastic pumps are used to pump out wastewater from septic tanks only when necessary. They are simply not designed for a long operating cycle. Metal and weighted models made of durable plastic are more productive, although for a septic tank installed in a private household it is too powerful pumps should not be chosen. Their high cost, combined with the lack of demand for all the declared capabilities, is unlikely to be a profitable purchase for a small sewer tank.

The main structural elements of the drainage pump are: mounted on the rotor shaft Working wheel with blades and engine. Many device models are equipped with float switches that regulate the correct operation of the mechanism. The engine is cooled by pumped out drains or by using oil in the housing, which is preferable.

Submersible pump

This version of pumping equipment is intended for installation at the bottom of septic tanks. The pump has a sealed housing made of cast iron or stainless steel, which reliably protects the working parts from the aggressive effects of waste liquid.

In order for a submersible pump to function normally, it is completely lowered into the pumped liquid.

The equipment is installed in two ways - stationary or mobile. But, regardless of the chosen installation option, they must provide for the possibility of lifting the unit for its repair, maintenance or replacement.

A submersible drainage pump, designed for pumping wastewater from a septic tank, sucks liquid directly through holes located in the bottom of the housing, which has a mesh filter that protects against too large particles getting inside. The power of the pumping equipment allows you to create the necessary pressure in the system, which helps raise the wastewater to a greater height.

• compact;
• effective;
• during operation – silent;
• in operation – safe and reliable.

Its disadvantages include labor-intensive installation, the need to remove the unit for inspection and maintenance, as well as unpleasant contamination of the housing.

Surface type pump

In this case, pump unit They are placed on the surface of the earth, but more often in special pits. A hose designed to pump out liquid is lowered to the bottom of the septic tank. The design of the surface pump provides for the presence of two pipes:

• inlet, which serves to absorb wastewater from the septic tank;
• outlet, used to drain liquid outside the tank.

Pumps for surface-type septic tanks are mobile, so they can be easily moved from place to place. If units break down, they can be easily replaced with others or repaired. Installation and dismantling of equipment is carried out quite quickly.

Surface pumps have lower performance and, as a result, efficiency compared to submersible counterparts.

Ground-based units have low power and low throughput, allowing them to pump wastewater with solid particle sizes of no more than 5 mm. In addition, the housing does not have sufficient waterproofing, so it is afraid of precipitation and freezing temperatures, which can lead to equipment failure. Therefore, it is recommended to install the devices under canopies or in closed buildings, which is not always convenient.

Semi-submersible pumps

To clean septic tanks, equipment is also used, the pump part of which is placed in the liquid, and the motor remains above its surface thanks to a special float that holds the pump body in the correct position. Semi-submersible devices can operate in wastewater with a maximum solid inclusion size of no more than 15 mm.

For country houses or private houses with low water consumption, semi-submersible pumps are the most acceptable option. Their powers and bandwidth quite enough for the household needs of the average family.

For septic tank

Mine suburban area- this is the ultimate dream of many city dwellers, capable of bringing exactly as much pleasure as trouble. Let's take sewerage, for example. It’s good if you have built a gravity system in which wastewater moves “by itself.” But if this is impossible for one reason or another, there is nothing else left except installing a fecal pump for the septic tank. Not everyone knows what it is. Therefore, if you plan to install such a device, you need to understand in advance the principle of its operation and the main types. Especially if you choose it yourself.

How are fecal pumps different?

In principle, this is the same pump for sewage. It differs in that it is capable of pumping only wastewater that does not contain solid particles. At this time, a conventional drainage pump easily operates in an environment where fine stones and other heavy impurities are found, due to which the impeller of the device can break. For this reason, drainage pumps are equipped with a special mesh filter at the inlet to trap particles that are too large.

There are no filters in fecal pumps, but maximum dimensions sewer drains are limited only by the diameter of the inlet into which they enter (in most cases this is 3.5 cm or more).

Note! Majority modern pumps for a septic tank are equipped with a float and a switch, thanks to which the operation of the device is fully automated.

We also note that this pump is often used to pump water out of basements.

Types of fecal equipment

Such pumps are:

• superficial;
• submersible;
• semi-submersible.

Surface pumps

They are cheap and low technical characteristics. Pumps can be installed exactly where they are needed. this moment, moreover, at a considerable distance from the tank (up to 9 m). These pumps can be used when the basement is flooded.

It is undesirable to install submersible devices permanently, since they, having weak waterproofing, can fail due to moisture: if the temperature drops below zero, the remaining liquid in the pump will freeze and destroy it.

Such devices are capable of pumping hot water (no more than 60°C). The pump itself can be installed not only remotely, but also, for example, on the edge of the tank, and only the suction pipe will be immersed in the drains. Superficial are divided into two groups.

1. Non-self-priming. They are capable of lifting water from a depth of up to 7 m, while the suction hose is completely filled.
2. Self-priming. They are characterized by a higher lifting height - up to 8 m - and the fact that the suction hose is not filled with liquid.

Moreover, depending on the engine type surface pumps can be:

• gasoline;
• diesel;
• electric.

Often such pumps operate on the principle of centrifugal force, but where their installation is not possible, vortex devices are used because they are more compact. Vortex pumps have great power, are almost silent, but are effective only at shallow depths.

Pros:

• portability;
• low cost.

Minuses:

• low productivity;
• frequent breakdowns under adverse weather conditions;
• pumping of particles, the fraction of which does not exceed 5 mm.

Submersible pumps for septic tanks

Devices of this type are very productive, due to which they are used not only in private homes, but also in industrial facilities. Their work also based on centrifugal force, wherein Electrical engine interacts with the impeller and blades. When the engine rotates, a vacuum is formed in the suction line, which is why sewage is sucked in.

Note! Submersible models quite powerful (up to 40 kilowatts) and capable of pumping solid particles up to 4 cm in size without the use of a grinder (we’ll talk about what this is a little later).

The device body is made of materials resistant to aggressive environments, because it has to be in contact with it throughout the entire service life. Often such materials are cast iron and stainless steel.

pros:

• high performance;
• acceptable price.

Minuses:

• Do not use the device at temperatures above 40°C.

Semi-submersible pumps for septic tanks

Such devices are very similar to conventional submersible pumps, but the size of solid particles that they are capable of pumping is smaller - no more than 1.5 cm. Semi-submersible pumps are used mainly for small pits, which is why they are not found in the industrial sector.

During operation, the engine is located above the liquid thanks to special floats, and the mechanical pumping structure is immersed in water.

Note! Features of the engine installation allow the use of such pumps with very hot liquid – up to 90°C. There will be no overheating.

pros:

• the device is applicable in high temperature conditions;
• ease of repair, which is achieved thanks to the design features.

Minuses:

• small sizes of pumped solids.

Drainage pumps

This is a special type of pump for a septic tank. With their help you can pump groundwater, precipitation and other slightly contaminated liquid. In our case it will be used for pumping purified water from a filtration well to the site.

The main feature of this pump is a protective mesh that prevents large solid particles from entering the device.

Prices for fecal pumps

fecal pumps

Grinder in fecal equipment

There is another classification of pumps that divides them into two categories.

1. Devices with a grinder capable of pumping cold/hot wastewater.
2. Similar devices without a chopper.

Note! Chopper – special device, built into pumps for grinding particularly large solid particles.

Let's look at them in more detail.

Devices for cold liquid

Installation such pump without chopper provides parallel connection several plumbing fixtures at once. This is very convenient, but do not forget about the temperature limit - no more than +40°C. Moreover, you need to carefully monitor everything that ends up in drains.

Devices with a chopper often represent a toilet pump located immediately behind the plumbing fixture. It accumulates waste, crushes it and sends it to the sewer. To connect the device to the toilet, a special adapter coupling is required.

These pumps are characterized by a long service life, but provided that the fluid temperature does not exceed the above mark.

Note! In this case it is not required large diameter pipeline, because the wastewater is thoroughly crushed.

Devices for hot liquid

Pumps without chopper, installed next to sinks, dishwashers, bathtubs and washing machines. The maximum wastewater temperature is 90°C.

Finally, equipped with a chopper. They withstand more high temperature(about 95°C), while grinding everything solid waste. They are installed on any plumbing fixtures.

Video - Sewage pumps with cutting mechanism

Marking

1. If the pump is marked only with numbers, it means that it can be used for wastewater in which solid particles are larger than 5 mm.
2. If you notice the letter “H”, then the pump body is made of stainless steel. In other words, it is resistant to aggressive environments.
3. The letter “F” indicates the device’s ability to pump solid particles exceeding 3.5 cm, as well as liquids with long-fiber impurities.

Features of choosing a pump for a septic tank

Here we come to the main question - choosing the right pump. Below are the main parameters that you should pay attention to when purchasing.

1. Immersion depth.
2. The diameter of the pipeline that supplies wastewater to the septic tank.
3. Distance from the point of collection to the intended installation location of the pump.
4. The maximum size of solid particles that can enter the sewer.
5. Required productivity, m³/hour. It determines at what speed the liquid needs to be pumped.

To determine the height to which the drains will rise, add to immersion depth the length of the hose from the septic tank to the place where the water will be transported (the last value should be divided by ten, since 10 m horizontally is equal to 1 m vertically).

Example: the pump is immersed to a depth of 6 m, the length to the waste disposal site is 15 m. We use the formula: 6 + m.

It turns out that in this case it is necessary to select a pump that can lift water by 7.5 m.

Stage 1. First you need to install an automatic connecting system. This is a kind of coupling; one end of it needs to be fixed to the bottom of the container, and the other should be connected to the pump for the septic tank.

Stage 3. Then you need to work with electricity. First, the float sensors are adjusted and then connected to the control panel. The pump itself is connected there. After this, electricity should be supplied to the panel.

Note! At this stage of installation, it is advisable to take care of a voltage stabilizer, which will protect you from unpleasant consequences power surges.

Stage 4. Draining the pump. You need to put special drain chains on the device and lower it to the bottom of the container along pre-installed guides. Due to the automatic connection and the significant weight of the pump, you will achieve maximum tightness of the joints.

Features of operation of fecal pumps

1. Before use, rinse the device thoroughly with clean water.
2. A preventive inspection should be carried out at least once a year.
3. You need to carefully monitor the condition and level of the oil. The first inspection is carried out a week after purchase. If the oil has a grayish tint, it means that water has got into it; most likely due to a defect in the shaft seal.
4. The cable entry must be sealed, without clamps or kinks.
5. If the pump clogs quickly, the chopper is worn out. This can be determined by the roundness of the cutting parts.
6. Compliance with all manufacturer requirements, such as permissible temperature drains and others, is a prerequisite for operating a fecal pump!

conclusions

- This is an indispensable element of a septic tank if for some reason it is impossible to equip a gravity sewer system. The features of this pump are the large width of the flow channel, immunity to aggressive environments (which, of course, is sewage) and increased wear resistance.

Submersible pump installation diagram