Thanks to the penetration of modern technologies in various areas, today it is possible to solve many problems at a lower cost. And the implementation of some tasks has become easier. The device of a sewer pumping station is an opportunity to ensure the transportation of wastewater from a private home or office. Thanks to this equipment, a solution to the main problem is provided - the absence of a slope for effective wastewater disposal.
It is not always possible to ensure the transportation of used water and sewage from buildings by gravity due to the lack of a slope. If it is absent or very small, then the use of natural runoff when removing sewage can lead to clogging of the system. The same result can be expected when the system contains pipes with a small section. Sewerage clogging occurs when deposits of such inclusions as:
- sand;
- gravel.
Their presence leads to the fact that the efficiency of flushing fats and other deposits from the walls of the pipes is reduced. Therefore, to ensure efficient wastewater disposal, the best solution is to install a sewage pumping station. Its use in private homes and offices for waste disposal has several advantages:
- ease of maintenance;
- equipment can operate automatically.
Choice of KNS
If the owner decided to install a sewage pumping station for efficient wastewater disposal, then when choosing it, it is necessary rely on the following parameters:
- degree of pollution of sewage;
- fraction and structure of inclusions.
Classification
There are two types of modern CNS:
- station with capacity;
- high performance stations equipped with a level sensor.
If we talk about compact SPS equipped with a level sensor, then, in fact, they are small-sized devices that emit a minimum noise level during operation. They can be installed directly behind the toilet or washing machine. Depending on the required power, the sewerage station may have several receiver pipes and one outlet valve.
At present, KNS models with large toilet entrance and several sinks. Their installation can be carried out in any premises where there are difficulties with the transportation of wastewater. For example, if drain points are located below the level of the sewer line, then in such cases the only possible and correct solution is to install a sewage pumping station. The use of such equipment provides an opportunity to equip a bathroom and kitchen at minimal cost.
Elements of KNS
Into the pumping station includes three components:
In modern KNS models, the main details made from polymer materials. This makes it possible to exclude the occurrence of corrosion processes on their surface. When arranging such a system, its installation is carried out in the ground at a certain depth or in a mine equipped in a special way.
Depending on the requirements of the owner, as well as the characteristics of the facility, two pumping units may be present in the equipment of the sewage pumping station. This option is chosen when the pumping station is installed in a private house. If it is located in an office space or industrial plant, then it can include up to 5 pumps.
For domestic purposes, several different types of pumps and various mechanisms are most often used. Experts recommend using pumps to create a sewer station, having a cutting edge, thanks to which the clogging of the system with large pollutants stops. The use of such solutions in industrial enterprises can lead to the fact that the pumping station will fail if solid inclusions from plastic and concrete get into it.
KNS installation
When performing work on the installation of such pumping stations, they are guided by requirements of SNiP 2.04.01-85. This document contains:
Features of installation of KNS
The sewer pumping station should be located at a common level. In this case, the most efficient reception of effluents will be ensured. When the amount of wastewater is accumulated in the capacity of the station in sufficient quantity and the sensor is triggered, the wastewater is released to the disposal site. The peculiarity of this process involves the installation of a sewer check valve. It is necessary to prevent the return of the water column to the receiver.
Alarm systems sewage pumping stations of high productivity can be equipped. It will work in cases where the pumping equipment used as part of the systems cannot cope with the incoming volume of wastewater. Also, the alarm will be triggered in the event that a breakdown of the installations has occurred. Some stations may include temperature level sensors, and in addition, meters of the pumped volume of wastewater.
To ensure the uninterrupted operation of the drainage system, pumping stations can be equipped with a backup power source. Due to the fact that the power of the pumping station is quite high, and the starting currents for pumping equipment are required to be quite high, it is necessary to install a powerful battery. Therefore, when choosing a power source for the SPS, gasoline generators or units running on diesel fuel are used. In this case, even in the event of an emergency power outage, the station will function normally.
KNS service
As part of a high-capacity sewage pumping station there is a filtration system, which is represented by the pre-cleaning capacity. It accumulates heavy fractions, as well as objects of large size. They are there before entering the transfer chamber. In such designs, a hatch is usually provided through which people, using a shovel, provide effective cleaning of the receiver. Due to the fact that not only household waste, but also sewage can enter the pumping station, for the efficient operation of the equipment, it is necessary to clean the receiver once a month.
Alternative Solutions
Although sewerage stations in private homes and offices have been used not so long ago, nevertheless, there is already a large selection of alternatives on the market that are effective and at the same time affordable. One of them - submersible drainage fecal pumps. The main purpose of this equipment is pumping water from the basement from the basement. Also, these pumps can be used to pump out sewage from cesspools.
If you have purchased such equipment, then with a little refinement, you can make a sewer station on your own. To do this, you only need to purchase a container made of polymer material and some plumbing equipment:
- valves;
- fitting;
- sewer pipes.
Models of sewage stations based on fecal drainage pumps are currently available on the market. They are offered in a wide range. Among the proposed models you can find installations, equipped with cast iron knives. Some models have cutting edges made of stainless steel and steel. The performance of these systems is very different, so you can choose the right option for your home or office.
Conclusion
Not in all cases, when creating a sewer system, it is possible to arrange a well or bury a container to drain wastewater into the ground. In such cases, the solution to the problem is the installation of SPS. With their help, even from a building that has a sewer system with a slight pipe slope, it is possible to ensure the effective removal of used water and wastewater. Offered on the market large selection of models pumping stations. They differ in their cost, performance and dimensions. Therefore, each owner of a private house or office can choose the right equipment.
Often, owners solve the problem of draining effluent from the building by installing a tank in the basement for temporary storage of effluents. Here the best option would be to use the sewer console type stations. In such cases, the container is installed in cabinet furniture in the basement. A dry installation method is used, which eliminates damage to walls or floors during work. After that, you can connect plumbing fixtures, a washing machine and use them without experiencing any problems with the removal of used water and wastewater. All effluents will be efficiently removed from the building, and then pumped to the place of processing.
Installation of a submersible fecal pump
Kit for installation of a submersible fecal pump in the sewage pumping station
- Automatic fecal pump connection system - is a pipe coupling, one part of which is attached to the bottom of the sewage pumping station tank, and the second part to the fecal pump, allowing, if necessary, to remove the fecal pump from the well.
- Guide pipes are rails along which the fecal pump is mounted and dismantled in a sewage pumping station.
- Drop chain - necessary to lift the fecal pump from the bottom of the well.
- Connection of the pressure collector - is selected depending on the selected material of the piping of the fecal pump (metal pipes, polymer pipes).
- Threaded or flanged connection to the sewage pump check valve.
- A non-return valve that cuts off the return flow of fecal effluents into the sewer pumping station.
- Valve - will help to block the pressure pipeline, in case of dismantling the fecal pump from the sewage pumping station.
- The tie-in to the pressure sewer collector is selected depending on the type of pipe.
Installation of a fecal pump in the sewage pumping station of the KNS
We carefully mount the automatic connection system at the bottom of the sewage pumping station. We attach a fecal pump to the counterpart. We install guides along the walls of the collection well. Now we lay a pressure manifold from the automatic coupling, on which we attach a check valve and a gate valve.
We proceed to the installation of the electrical part of the sewer pumping station. We set the levels of float sensors inside the tank of the sewage pumping station to ensure automatic operation of the fecal pump, and connect them to the control cabinet. We connect the fecal pump to the control cabinet and the control cabinet of the sewer pumping station itself to the power line, preferably protecting the fecal pumps from power surges using a voltage stabilizer and special filters.
We put the descent chain on the fecal pump, and lower it along the guides to the bottom of the sewer pumping station. An automatic connection system will ensure a tight connection, due to the mass of the fecal pump pressing against the pressurized sewer.
It remains only to press the start button on the control cabinet of the sewage pumping station and start the fecal pumps into operation.
Installation of a submersible fecal pump in the sewer pumping station will not take long. The German company HOMA supplies the complete kit required to install a fecal sewage pumping station inside the collection well and start the sewage pumping station. We have a fecal pump, a fecal pump control cabinet and float level sensors. What else do we need to install a fecal pump in a sewage pumping station?" />Why do many city dwellers strive to leave the metropolis at least for a few days a month? The answer is obvious - even such a short period of stay in clean fresh air gives them a charge for the rest of the time. At the same time, a cottage or a country house must be equipped with some of the benefits of civilization in order for the rest to be truly complete.
General information
In this case, we are talking about the disposal of polluted wastewater. This issue should always be addressed at the design stage of any house. You are lucky if the central collector passes nearby.
Otherwise, you will need a sewage pumping station (SPS), which will make it possible to pump dirty water to a nearby treatment plant or to the main drainage system.
Below in the article we will tell:
- about its structure;
- about the principle of operation of the equipment;
- about the types of CNS.
Device
The station is essentially a sealed drain pit, which is equipped with one or more pumps. With their help, wastewater is transported in the right direction. Let's highlight the main elements of the equipment:
| storage tank |
|
| Fecal pump | They install two units:
Their task is to raise wastewater to the desired level, and not to create pressure in the system. After that, they move on by themselves. |
| Piping system |
|
| float switches | The instruction recommends installing three or four floats in order to organize full control over the system in the event of a failure of any. They are designed to automatically turn on and off the pump in the system. Their work is organized as follows:
If the main pump does not turn on, the 3rd and 4th floats start the backup unit. |
Also, such household sewage stations are equipped with:
- stairs to facilitate their maintenance;
- cover with inspection and inspection holes;
- switchboard, designed to control the supply of electrical energy to the station.
- Pay special attention to sewage pumps. They are usually submersible and mounted on chains or vertical rails. This makes it possible to quickly and easily replace units in the event of a breakdown.
Tip: when replacing one pump, the operation of the station can not be stopped.
- Ventilation is also an important component of the system.
It is mounted on the lid, and it consists of two branch pipes coming out of it:
- one - for the influx of fresh air into the station;
- the second - to remove contaminated.
In expensive KNS, the latter is equipped with a filtration system.
Tip: install an additional pipe on the lid with your own hands, lowering it almost to the bottom of the storage tank. So you can emergency remove wastewater from the tank.
Types of KNS
Today, manufacturers offer two main types of such equipment - for domestic and industrial needs. The second includes huge stations that are designed to collect wastewater from a large number of residential buildings. In this article, we do not consider them, but we will devote more time to mini-sewer pumping stations.
They can also be of two types, for work:
- with one plumbing fixture (for example, a toilet bowl);
- with multiple bathrooms.
Tip: the installation of a mini-KNS is advisable if the central sewer is located far enough from the house, and when the bathrooms were located in the basement floors.
Where is the best place to install
If the plan of the house provides for the placement of bathrooms below the level of the first floor and it is impossible to carry out wastewater gravity flow there, you need to install a mini-KNS right inside the bathroom. Usually - between the outlet of the toilet bowl and the sewer. This type of equipment is also a household waste shredder, and its connection does not require sewer pipes of large diameter. The devices have outlets up to Ø40 mm or more commonly Ø32 mm.
Cities are developing rapidly, industrial enterprises are being equipped with new equipment, but problems still remain. Therefore, it is necessary to design sewer pumping stations and install them. The requirements for them are high, because a breakdown will provoke flooding of nearby territories. It is necessary to accurately calculate the level of water supply, the type of pumps, as well as their number.
Connecting the pump to the pipes is not so difficultThe level sensor kns controls. The supply should be determined based on the inflow of water to the station.
b) Sewage pumping station 250 sanivort. Removes wastewater from sinks that is below the level of the collector of the sewer installation. It is convenient to install it where there is no way to make sewage by gravity.
Complied. The body material is safe, because it is plastic that is easy to clean. Pumping is controlled by a sensor. The station is ventilated.
c) Sewage pumping station sanivort 600 - pumps wastewater containing feces. Thanks to it, you can organize the pumping of water in remote places. There should be nothing but feces and toilet paper. Liquid temperature up to +40C. Pumping of sewer stations is carried out quickly, because the power of the system is high - 600W. Up to 80 liters are pumped per minute.
There is a huge selection of electric pumps on the market today.The station is suitable for toilet bowls, the outlet of which is horizontal, with a volume of a drain barrel of at least 6 liters.
d) Grundfos sewage pumping stations are easy to operate and do not require additional maintenance. Station pumps are well suited for high pressure sewers. Additional control systems provide reliability and efficiency.
e.) Modular pumping station - a product of full factory readiness. It includes fully assembled and finished equipment. The installation of a sewer pumping station depends on its purpose. The number of pumps is set based on the same. A block box is being built for the station in which it will be located. The design of pumping stations is carried out at the factory. They have an automatic control system. In the event of an accident or lack of electricity, it will work for a long time in automatic mode.
Not suitable for domestic wastewater, its main purpose is to work with drinking water supply.
E) Fecal pumping stations - equipment that allows pumping domestic wastewater, both in private homes and in microdistricts. When ordering, it is important to consider the technical specifications. In stores, they often offer to choose the right equipment on their own. You can get advice on it from the manager. This is a big plus for those who do not understand this.
The main factors affecting the cost and characteristics:
- collector depth
- length and diameter of the pressure manifold
- waste volume
The fecal station differs from the others in that the runoff liquid entering the system is not uniform in volume and time. Therefore, such tanks act as "settlers". Precipitation accumulates in them, emit an unpleasant odor. But the dangerous thing is that harmful gases accumulate. The main task of each tank is to create an environment for the normal operation of pumps.
Pumping stations of a modern type can be installed on a new and old sewer system.
The surface sewer installation is more powerful. After all, it is not limited in size, it can pump liquid in large volumes. There are two types of pumps - diesel and electric.
Can I service my devices myself?
Many are concerned about the question of whether it is possible to carry out preventive work on their own. The answer is unequivocally no. KNS maintenance is carried out exclusively by specialists. Running mode. Servicing includes a number of scheduled mandatory activities. So, for example, for use, baskets are installed to retain garbage. They need to be cleaned periodically. Only experienced people can do this.
Now modern stations for tap are being produced. They are produced in a modular version and are made of plastic. The factory is engaged in their manufacture.
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Due to the plastic case, the weight of the station is small. Thanks to this, installation work is carried out easier, and the service life of the products does not change. In complex stations, the equipment is placed inside. Construction of ground structures is no longer necessary.
Sewage pumping station (SPS) is a complex of equipment and tanks for pumping wastewater. The need to install such a station arises in cases where the transportation of wastewater by gravity is impossible for some reason. This is where she becomes an indispensable assistant. In this article, we will consider the main design features of the sewage pumping station, their types, as well as the features of installation work and maintenance rules.
The design and internal structure of the KNS
When choosing a sewage pumping station, the estimated volumes of wastewater, the size of the device, the degree of wastewater pollution and the type of pollution are taken into account. The choice is also influenced by the features of the relief of the land on which the station is installed, and the depth at which the conductive pipeline is laid.
The KNS device for various purposes can vary markedly, but the main parts of the design - sealed containers and pumps - are in all models. Usually, water is drained into the tank by gravity, after which it is pumped out by pumps and transported to a disposal site or to a treatment plant. There are mini-KNS connected directly to the toilets. These are aesthetically designed small volume sealed tanks equipped with cutting mechanism pumps. Such KNS models are usually installed in the bathroom.
As a rule, the SPS tank is a polymer tank buried in the ground. The neck of the tank is brought to the surface to facilitate scheduled inspection, repair and maintenance of the station. It is closed with a polymer or steel lid. Inside the tank there is a pipeline connected through nozzles in the walls. The uniformity of water inflow is ensured by the baffle, and the absence of flow turbulence is ensured by the water wall.
Sewer stations used for domestic purposes are equipped with 1-2 pumps. If the equipment is intended for the disposal of wastewater from public utilities, there must be at least two pumps. Pumps of various types are installed on the sewage pumping station for various purposes. For household stations, it is better to use pumps with a cutting mechanism, for utility stations it is not recommended, since solid waste entering the sewer can cause damage to the cutting mechanism.
The main elements of the SPS design - a sealed tank and pumps
The requirements for the sewage pumping station, the features of the installation and arrangement of the sanitary zone, the required number of pipelines are regulated by SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings".
The principle of operation of the sewer station
Regardless of the type of SPS, the principle of operation of all systems is the same. Drains are drained into the receiving part, which, due to the dense laying of water, do not seep into the ground, and under pressure are forcibly pumped by pumps into the pressure pipeline. Further, wastewater enters the distribution chamber and is transported through pipes to the treatment plant. To prevent wastewater from returning back to the pump pipeline, a check valve is provided. If the volume of wastewater increases significantly, an additional pump is switched on. If the pumps cannot cope with the volume of wastewater, an alarm is activated.
The work of the SPS is controlled automatically. Control over the level of incoming waste is carried out using float sensors located at different levels, due to which the station operates in the following mode:
- The first level sensors indicate a low volume of wastewater, the pumps are not working.
- Sensors of the second level turn on the pump for pumping accumulated waste. The volume of drains is within the normal range.
- The sensors of the third level are triggered by an increased volume of water and turn on a backup pump for pumping out excess wastewater.
- Level 4 sensors trigger an alarm as the wastewater pumps cannot handle the volume. In this case, the maintenance team needs to take measures to normalize the operation of the sewage pumping station, since the alarm may turn on as a result of a breakdown of one of the pumps. To simplify maintenance, the sewage pumping stations are equipped with a hatch and a ladder.
When the waste pumping is completed, the effluent level falls below the first sensor, the system is turned off. The next time it is switched on, another pump is activated, which previously performed the function of an additional one. Such a system of operation prevents premature wear of the mechanisms of one pump.
Additional equipment to be equipped with a sewer pumping station:
- Backup power source;
- Pressure sensors, pressure gauges, valves;
- A metal pavilion that ensures the safety of the system and the safety of equipment;
- Equipment for cleaning pumps, connecting pipes.
The operation of the station is fully automated, however, if necessary, it can be switched to manual control mode. Such a need usually arises during repairs, the need to clean the tank or the commissioning of a new sewage pumping station.
Wastewater is pumped by pumps into the pressure pipeline, after which it enters the distribution chamber and is sent to the treatment plant
Types of sewer pumps and their features
Pumping equipment is the main part of the KNS. It pumps domestic sewage, industrial waste, sludge, storm water. There are such types of sewer pumps:
- submersible;
- console;
- self-priming.
A submersible sewage pump is a pressure device that is constantly submerged. Materials for the manufacture of such a pump are selected resistant to aggressive environments.
Most often, submersible fecal pumps are used in sewage pumping stations. They are efficient and easy to use.
The device is convenient and takes up relatively little space, since it is constantly submerged, there is no need to prepare a separate site for it and additional piping. Advantages of this type of pumps:
- reliability;
- ease of operation;
- infrequent maintenance;
- ability to work effectively at low temperatures;
- cooling by the surrounding and flowing liquid;
- versatility: pumps are also used for dry installation.
A dry-installation cantilever sewer pump is a device most often used in large industrial sewage pumping stations. Such pumps are not mounted in modular stations. When installing them, it is necessary to prepare a separate foundation and correctly bring the pipes.
Cantilever dry-installation sewage pumps require a separate foundation, are used in large industrial sewage pumping stations
It is better to entrust the commissioning of such a pump to specialists. Console pumps are open, access to them is facilitated, which greatly simplifies repair work. Advantages of console pumping devices:
- reliability;
- convenient access to the impeller, engine;
- ease of maintenance;
- the possibility of changing productivity due to the correct selection of the electric motor and other structural elements.
The dry-installed self-priming fecal pump is a unit used in municipal and industrial sewage pumping stations for pumping heavily polluted sewage.
Self-priming pumps are not subject to clogging, effective at low temperatures. The only downside is the high price
These devices are easy to maintain due to the design of the motor with flange mounting, do not clog due to the spacious passage in the nozzle and impeller. Device advantages:
- easy to maintain due to the retractable design;
- little prone to clogging;
- works at negative temperatures when installing a special heating element;
- pumps sewage with solid elements, sediment;
- maximum tightness due to double mechanical seal;
It should also be noted that, if necessary, such a pump can be easily dismantled.
Installation and maintenance of equipment
To install the sewage pumping station, they dig a pit, the depth of which is calculated so that the tank cover protrudes 1 m above the ground. A sand cushion of 1.5 m is equipped under the bottom of the sealed tank. Next, a tank is installed in the pit, pipelines are connected, after which the pit is filled with sand and compacted in layers . The density of the soil should correspond to 90% of the natural.
Then install the pumps in the tank, regulate the course of the floats. Floats of the first level should be 0.15-0.3 m above the bottom of the tank. The next floats are set 1.5 m above the previous ones. Next, they mount the electrical cables, connect the power supply, and equip the ground. When checking the operation of the system and the performance of the pump, clean water from the water supply or tank is used.
Installation and connection of power supply, grounding is carried out in accordance with SP 31-110-2003 "Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and public buildings".
To ensure the safety of the sewer pumping station, pavilions can be equipped - metal, concrete, brick
The maintenance of the CNS is carried out in the following order:
- Visual inspection of the condition of shut-off valves, pumps, checking the indicators of the control panel. If there are indicators of abnormal pump operation, extraneous noise or vibration, the unit is removed from the tank, inspected, washed and checked.
- Cleaning of the pumps and the station body is carried out with clean water from a hose using brushes without the use of detergents. When cleaning, it is important to prevent water from getting under pressure on the control panel, pressure gauges.
- Dismantling of pumps for testing, subsequent installation. When installing the units, it is necessary to ensure that they are fixed on the automatic pipe coupling.
- Maintenance includes checking the condition and cleaning the coarse debris catcher.
- Current repairs include the replacement of worn parts, tightening of fasteners with wrenches.
When repairing the sewage pumping station, maintenance personnel must adhere to safety regulations and use protective measures. The dismantling of the pumps must be carried out only after the unit has completely cooled down; disconnect it from the system and release the pressure.