The idea of creating a homemade jigsaw is most often due to the disadvantages that factory hand tools have. You can make a small tabletop machine with your own hands, which will include a pusher, a reciprocating motor, and a saw tension system. In this case, you do not need complex drawings - once you understand the essence, it is easy to achieve the result.
How to make your own installation
The desire to create a homemade jigsaw may arise for several reasons:
- There is no power supply in the workshop, but it is possible to use internal combustion engines low power.
- There are pneumatic motors, but the compressor power is not enough for a serial tool.
- The electric motor is powered by batteries or solar panels; the power of the source is not enough to use a power tool.
- It is required to obtain saw motion parameters that are unattainable using a commercial tool.
Designing a jigsaw is not difficult. Typical structure looks like that:
The installation is easy to adapt to any torque source. A pair of pulleys (one is located on the engine shaft, the other drives the crank mechanism) allows you to vary the gear ratio, reducing the load on the power unit and allowing you to get the required speed (they are also responsible for the number of saw strokes per minute) on the actuator.
A machine built according to the above scheme can have a very different configuration; the material of manufacture is also selected individually. Example ready installation looks like this:
Disadvantages of a manual jigsaw
A manual jigsaw is designed to form even cuts. In this case, as the rollers, rod, and pusher wear out, the saw may wobble, deviate from a straight line, and change the angle of attack. Regardless of the quality of the tool components, the following features are always present:
- When the saw becomes dull, deviation from a straight line is observed when cutting material of uneven density (for example, low-quality chipboard). The saw is capable of leaving the cutting line when it encounters a knot in the wood.
- When trying to make a curved radius cut, you can observe the following picture: the upper cutting line, which the worker is watching, follows an exact trajectory, the lower one deviates, goes to the side, the radius becomes larger. The higher the wear of the tool and the lower the sharpness of the saw, the more pronounced this phenomenon is.
- Some materials cannot be worked using a pick-up or bottom feed of the saw. The carpenter is required to move the tool forward extremely evenly, which is impossible to do very accurately; as a result, the saw beats along the entry and exit path.
It is even more difficult to work with thin saws designed for curved cuts. Without practice, it is very difficult to achieve a good result, especially on thick slabs or wood materials. Let's look at how you can make a carpenter's job easier and the result better.
Standard solutions
The machine from a manual jigsaw is made on the basis simple table. This device is common and mass-produced; samples can be seen in the photographs below.
The mechanics of work are simple:
- The jigsaw clearly fixes the tool, ensuring that there is no influence of the human factor (the hand can move the jigsaw unevenly).
- The presence of a support allows you to move the device without deviations along the trajectory.
With the help of a table, jigsaws begin to cut in a straight line, but the capabilities of such a device are limited. If you remove the side stop and try to guide the workpiece, forming curved cut, the same saw deflection problems arise. The problem can be solved by using a simple saw, rigidly fixed with a pair of rollers. Making curved cuts is now convenient and fast. What homemade and industrial products of this type look like is shown in the following photos.
Tension devices for curved cuts
To perform very thin and precise shaped cuts, you can make a machine from a jigsaw with a saw blade tension system. The idea of creating it yourself is as follows:
- A very thin saw is used, ideally for a hand jigsaw.
- A clamp is attached to the rod of the power tool, which will tighten the cutting blade.
- The trajectory stabilization system will regulate both one freedom of movement and two (horizontal and vertical).
A hand jigsaw clamp is used as a tension block, to which an adapter is made, which in turn is inserted into the clamping device of the power tool rod. To ensure adjustment of one freedom of movement, a pair of angles and a bolt are used. The result of the implementation of the idea is presented in the following photo.
The saw provides clearly vertical movement, good tension can be created, but there is a mandatory runout in the horizontal direction. The canvas comes with a pick-up and does not move in a straight line.
The development of this idea is in the next photo. Here the part that fixes the trajectory moves, and the metal clamp provides structural rigidity and mechanical resistance.
The system is stabilized in two degrees of freedom, the cut made with its help is neat and precise. By using a diamond-coated cord for a hand jigsaw, you can cut glass without creating messy chips on the edges.
Accessories for extremely delicate work
If you need to work extremely delicately and slowly, you will need to reduce the force on the cutting blade while maintaining strong tension and precise movement of the file. To do this, a homemade jigsaw is equipped with spacer devices with long arms.
In this case, the power tool does not operate in the cutting zone, but at some distance. This allows, depending on the wishes of the carpenter, to regulate the force, speed and amplitude of movement of the saw. One of the options for implementing the idea is shown in the following photo.
Depending on the needs of the master, the structure can be made of steel, have additional fixing zones, the power tool is not installed rigidly, but with the ability to move within its limits. support beam.
In practice, such solutions are rarely used. For fine work which are carried out constantly, it is much more profitable to purchase a specialized band saw machine that will ensure quality and productivity.
As can be seen from the presented designs, a jigsaw can even be made from a sewing machine with a moving rod.
tehnika.expert
DIY tabletop jigsaw | Construction portal
A tabletop jigsaw is an indispensable item for any owner who is used to doing household work on his own. Electric jigsaws are especially good for residents of the private sector, lovers of manual labor and country holiday. The desktop electric model has gone quite far from its prototype, an ordinary manual jigsaw. A desktop jigsaw makes it easier and faster to cut, not to mention improving quality.
Concept of a tabletop jigsaw
A jigsaw is a saw, which is characterized by reciprocating movements of the saw blade, which acts as a working body. It has a ski designed to guide the saw blade when moving along the surface that is being processed, and makes movements at a frequency of up to 3000 vibrations per minute.
This instrument was invented in 1946. Its creator is Albert Kaufman, who replaced the needle in sewing machine on the blade. The instrument went on sale already in 1947. A manual jigsaw has a body with a flat platform and a handle. The main difference between an electric jigsaw and a manual one is its greater functionality and cutting quality.
Inside there is an electric motor and a special mechanism that drives the blade. IN stationary jigsaws there is no handle, and the platform is located on top. At the front of the mechanism there is a guide, at the bottom there is a retractable blade that moves and makes cuts.
The tool works as follows: a tabletop jigsaw file is securely secured with clamps in the slide. The reciprocating movements have a frequency of up to 3000 strokes and can be adjusted. The support platform allows the jigsaw to focus on the part being cut, so the work is carried out very accurately.
The purpose of a desktop jigsaw
A jigsaw is an integral part of every workshop and every hobbyist. Its thin file can successfully cut plywood, copper, iron, thick boards, brass, and steel. Tools come with motor, foot or manual drive and are more productive. An electric jigsaw is simply indispensable for carpenters, wood workers, furniture decorators, and drywall workers who produce complex parts.
An electric jigsaw can make straight and curved cuts on workpieces with complex shapes and various sheet materials without disturbing the external contour. Most often, tabletop jigsaws are used for cutting wood and wooden boards, figures with complex outlines made of laminate and plasterboard, plastic blanks, and also for cutting sheet metal.
The benchtop electric jigsaw makes clean cuts in complex shapes and works on small parts. Due to the stable and fixed position during operation, high cutting accuracy is achieved. The file has a stable motion thanks to the tension system and guides, which manual jigsaws lack. Big size The table makes it stable, so the precisely specified sawing direction is maintained.
Types of jigsaws
Today, the power tool market offers a wide variety of jigsaws, which differ in the nature of their application, technical specifications, type of power supply and design features. IN construction stores You can buy a desktop jigsaw to suit every taste and budget.
It is difficult to classify by design features, because each manufacturing company strives to provide its products with features that are designed to facilitate and improve the operation of the tool. In this regard, the shape of the handle is a significant parameter.
There are two established types of handles - mushroom-shaped and D-shaped. A jigsaw with a staple handle requires one-handed operation. This increases the possibilities of using a jigsaw, but has a somewhat negative effect on the quality of cutting the material.
Mushroom-shaped handles allow for more accurate cuts when holding the jigsaw with both hands, having previously secured the workpiece to be cut. The choice of a jigsaw with a specific handle shape depends on the financial capabilities and personal preferences of the buyer. You should choose the jigsaw that will be more convenient to work with.
Household jigsaws are not intended for intensive use, but the low price of a desktop jigsaw and the power that is sufficient for household needs make them indispensable in the household.
Professional jigsaws are characterized by high wear resistance and the possibility of daily long-term (up to 8 hours) use. The significant power of such jigsaws allows you to process materials large thickness. Expanded equipment and improved characteristics are reflected in the price.
Among professional jigsaws, industrial jigsaws also stand out, which are characterized by greater adaptability to complex operations and drive features - for example, increased power supply voltage. Industrial models are machines that are designed for the woodworking industry.
Depending on the type of power supply, there are mains and cordless jigsaws. Network models are powered from a power supply network with standard voltage. If productivity is important to you, then you should choose a corded power tool.
Cordless jigsaws provide independence from the presence of sockets and greater mobility during operation. When purchasing a battery model, you should pay attention to the type of battery. Elevated performance characteristics inherent lithium-ion batteries. The battery capacity is responsible for the duration of operation without recharging.
Advantages of desktop jigsaws
The tabletop electric jigsaw is stationary structure, therefore this type of cutting tool has many advantages. Modern models can work with wooden materials 40-50 millimeters thick. The working body is a narrow saw, which makes vertical translational and reciprocal movements. Due to the peculiarities of the notching of the teeth and the mechanics of the movements of the saw, the material is cut out by moving upward.
A tabletop jigsaw allows you to cut out complex decorative parts, make longitudinal, straight, inclined and transverse cuts. The wide tabletop allows you to process large parts and make cuts inside wide workpieces. Reliable fastening protects the housing from unnecessary vibrations and allows the material to be well positioned, so the motor can operate without overload.
The advantages of desktop jigsaws include good accuracy and clarity of cuts, high safety and ease of use, wide customization options depending on the material and the required detail of the cut workpieces.
If you need to cut small parts, a manual jigsaw will not be very convenient. It is quite heavy, so you will have to hold it with one hand and guide the workpiece with the other. A table jigsaw does not have this drawback. Perhaps the inconveniences are the large size and the difficulty of working with large parts.
A tabletop jigsaw is a kind of mini-machine for cutting workpieces. If you purchase a jigsaw in a store, most likely it will provide the ability to select power and adjust the frequency of saw strokes. However, you can make a simple homemade tabletop jigsaw, and very quickly. You will need a hand jigsaw, a few screws, a small piece of plywood and just an hour of work.
Making a tabletop jigsaw
A carefully made jigsaw will be little inferior to one made in a factory, and in some respects even superior to it. Assembling such a jigsaw is not difficult if you have necessary materials. Next we will describe simple diagram such manipulations.
The design of the jigsaw includes the following components: handle, switch button, insulating washer, power cord, frame, heating filament, screw clamp and earring. First you need to make a frame. You will need a duralumin pipe with an outer diameter of up to twelve millimeters.
You can also use textolite with a thickness of at least ten millimeters or thick plywood for the base. But keep in mind that the lighter the frame, the more convenient the jigsaw will be to use. Be sure to provide a channel so that you can lay the power cord later. The best frame shape is one with one side tilted at 45 degrees.
Next you need to make an earring. It is made of copper sheet one millimeter thick. After this, it is attached with screws to the frame, where it connects to the handle. This way the screw, wing nut and shackle will form a clamp in which the heating filament can be secured. The thickness of the duralumin sheet should be up to 0.8 millimeters. It is necessary to make pressing cheeks from it, between which there is a switch button.
After this, you need to cut a gap in the plywood that the saw can fit through. It can be done using a drill. To do this, you need to drill holes along the marking line and smooth out the transitions. Instead of plywood, you can use plastic, metal, plexiglass and others. Next, you place and drill mounting holes on the plywood and jigsaw base plate.
Then you need to secure the jigsaw with screws to the plywood base so that the file can fit through the gap. You attach the structure to the table using a clamp so that the file is pointing upward. You can also secure the platform with any in an accessible way. The jigsaw file remains a regular one, but the possibilities for good cutting are expanded by freeing up your hands.
You can use a nichrome spiral from any household heating device(iron for example) as a heating thread. It must be secured with tension between the ends of the frame bends. In order for the thread to heat up, you need to apply a tension of about 14 V. To control the operating mode, you can use a rheostat.
The current is determined by the thickness and length of the nichrome thread. Using a rheostat, you can set the optimal current strength (no more than 3-5 A), which will affect the temperature to which the filament is heated. Before starting work, it is necessary to determine the current strength. But keep in mind that if too high strength The material being cut can be caught by the flame, but if it is insufficient, it will not be taken. A self-made desktop jigsaw will allow you to cut shapes with complex contours from various types of materials.
Rules for using a desktop jigsaw
When working with a table jigsaw, you must adhere to some rules:
- When cutting, do not press too hard on the tool, otherwise the needle will break at best, or you will ruin the work at worst.
- Replace saw blades from time to time. An old saw can damage and destroy the surface of the material.
- If you work with organic glass and non-ferrous alloys, the surface of the product must be moistened with water. This operation will speed up the process and extend the life of the saw.
- If you are cutting a surface with a thickness of less than one millimeter, place a sheet of wood or plywood under the material being processed.
- Before cutting, it is necessary to secure the material. It is better not to make long cuts by hand; the line may turn out to be crooked.
- For cutting different materials appropriate blades are required, with a special pitch and length.
- Rotate the tool by turning only the back of the tool.
- When cutting laminate, tape is applied to the cut line, which protects the material from chipping.
- If there is a need for curved cuts, set the jigsaw pendulum to minimum.
If you have not yet fully understood how to make a tabletop jigsaw, watch a video about this procedure. This tool allows you to cut complex parts from wood and other materials, make longitudinal, inclined, straight and transverse cuts. Using a jigsaw, you can process large parts, wide workpieces and small products, which is not superfluous at home.
strport.ru
wooden jigsaw machine
For slotting and sawing small parts Jigsaws are used from wood, plywood, plexiglass, plastics and other materials various designs and types. These can be manual (“pioneer”), mechanical and electric jigsaws. Various magazines provided diagrams of homemade jigsaw machines driven by an electric motor and even an electric drill. But with the advent of hand-held jigsaws on sale, it became possible to both install them in a table for cutting out large parts, and use them as a drive for jigsaw machines for cutting out small parts. The manual jigsaw is well balanced, quite powerful and has a speed controller, which greatly expands the possibilities of its use.
Still, in my opinion, the jigsaw has a significant drawback: the inability to regulate the amplitude of the saw’s stroke. But I dealt with this drawback by making a saw stroke regulator.
The version printed in Wood magazine No. 12 1986 was taken as the basis for the manufacture of the machine.
The sizes of the rocker arms were chosen based on our own needs. It should be borne in mind that by increasing the length, we will increase the size of the processed part, this is a plus. But at the same time, we will increase the vibration of the saw, as well as the mass of the rocker arms, which will lead to an increase in the vibration of the entire machine, and this is a minus. Therefore, we make the length no more than necessary. Increasing the rear part of the rocker arms will lead to lighter saw tension, but again to an increase in mass and, accordingly, vibration. There is an opinion that by balancing the rocker arm relative to the swing axis, it is possible to reduce the vibration of the machine. In my opinion, this is not true.
Vibration can be reduced by reducing the mass of the rocker arm as much as possible. But at the same time it is necessary that it remains rigid and can withstand heavy loads.
For tensioning, it is convenient to use eccentric clamps from a bicycle. The nail file should be tensioned through a rigid spring. It will help reduce the number of nail file breaks.
The file attachment should quickly and securely fix the files. different sizes.
The bars on which the rocker arms are mounted must be securely connected to each other to reduce vibrations.
The entire structure of the machine must be rigid and reliable. The control should be in a convenient place.
I will answer all your questions.
I wish you good luck with your DIY projects.
shenrok.blogspot.ru
instrument.guru > Do it yourself > using drawings
Using a homemade jigsaw, anyone can make furniture, modern convenient shelves and other wood products. Its mechanism helps to cut wooden parts absolutely any shape. And it can also be used to process plastic and other dense materials. In order to jigsaw machine complied with all norms and rules, you need to carefully approach the choice of its design. Additionally, drawings from the Internet will help you make a jigsaw machine with your own hands.
- How to make a jigsaw with your own hands
Design of jigsaw machines
Absolutely any electric homemade jigsaw machine contains the following parts:
- drive unit;
- connecting rod assembly;
- saw;
- work surface;
- saw tension mechanism;
- additional mechanisms.
The material to be processed should be placed on the work surface. Many models are equipped with a rotating mechanism that changes the inclination of the cutting surface. In order to facilitate the application of markings to the material being processed, graduations are applied to the working surface. It is worth choosing a jigsaw with a large work table, because it will allow you to make the longest cuts. Basically, for most models of jigsaws, this figure is about 35 centimeters. The optimal drive power for a jigsaw machine assembled by yourself is no more than 200 watts.
The connecting rod assembly mechanism is capable of converting the rotation of the drive into translational motion and transmits it to the saw. The optimal frequency of saw movement per minute is about 900, and the amplitude of vertical movement should not exceed 6 centimeters.
Many types of jigsaw machines are equipped with a speed controller, which allows adjustment depending on the type of material. The jigsaw file is capable of processing wood and plastic up to 12 centimeters thick, with a length of up to 40 centimeters. To work with different materials, the files can be changed; their width ranges from 2 to 12 millimeters. A manual tension mechanism secures the saw blade for even cuts. Its role is played by leaf springs or coil springs.
Main types of jigsaw machines
All jigsaw machines are usually divided according to the following criteria:
The most popular are jigsaw machines with a lower support, in which the bed is divided into upper and lower parts. The first contains the cleaning and cutting modules, and the second contains the electric motor, controller module, switching and transmission mechanisms. These machines can process absolutely any sheet of material.
Jigsaw machines with double support have a main difference. It lies in the fact that there is another rail in the upper part of the frame. Such equipment is well suited for the manufacture of oversized products. Such devices are very easy to install and allow you to process products with a thickness of no more than 9 centimeters. Additionally, the machine comes with a comfortable work table with height and angle adjustments.
Suspension jigsaws are not equipped with a stationary frame and have greater mobility. When performing work, the cutting module moves, not the material being processed. The working module itself is independently fixed to the ceiling, which is why the size of the workpiece does not matter. The cutting mechanism moves with your own hands, regardless of the bed. At the same time, it becomes possible to make a wide variety of patterns.
Jigsaws with stops and a degree scale are ideal for the most precise work using drawings. Their design helps to avoid errors during operation. Universal type jigsaws are capable of doing several types of work. This is, first of all, cutting, grinding, polishing, drilling and many others.
How to make a jigsaw with your own hands
When developing a drawing of a homemade jigsaw machine, the total number of elements must be reduced to minimum quantity. A saw with a fixed rocker is quite enough, electric motor and beds. If desired, a motor from any electric machine will do. People who own a jigsaw are much luckier manual type. From plywood sheet it is necessary to make a special stand and attach the jigsaw to it. To secure it, it is worth making holes in the base of the jigsaw. Thus, the simplest jigsaw machine can be considered ready-made.
Next, it’s worth talking about more functional and complex models of devices that you can make with your own hands. Homemade bed made from a sheet of plywood 12 millimeters thick, textolite or plastic. Such a bed consists of a working surface, the base of the machine and a special box for the location of various mechanisms and an electric motor.
On the reverse side it is necessary to place an eccentric with a rocker, which must be connected by a metal plate with bearings and bushings. This entire structure must be secured with screws. To install the intermediate shaft, you need to find several bearings. A special metal pulley is placed quite tightly on the shaft, and the screw connector is securely fastened. In a similar way, you need to make a homemade eccentric for the device.
In order to change the frequency of movement of the rocker, it is necessary to make several through holes on the installed flange and cut threads into them. They must be removed from the central axis at different distances. By changing the place where the screw is screwed in, you can adjust the amplitude of movement of the rocker, which consists of several wooden rocker arms attached to the stand with hinges. The ends of the rocker arms have through cuts into which screws are inserted for tension. A file is attached to the other ends, moving using metal hinges. To secure the file, place it in a special groove on the working surface.
The fastening device for the file can be considered the most important. When assembling a jigsaw machine with your own hands, you should pay great attention to this part. The plates inserted into the rocker arms carry a huge load during operation, which is why they need to be properly strengthened and tightened with fastening materials. The two mounting earrings do not need to be tightly compressed with screws, which will allow the axle hinges to move.
The rocking stand mechanism is best made from solid material. On one side you need to make a groove for the rocker arm, and on the other you need to cut a rectangular opening for the second rocker arm. To make it easier to make holes, it is worth folding the stand from several parts.
By making a jigsaw with your own hands, you will not only be able to purchase a practical tool, but also save money. cash: it will be much cheaper than the factory analogue, while possessing a full range of functions. A homemade jigsaw will allow you to create products of complex shapes from wood, plastic and other materials, the production of which with hand tools under normal conditions would take a lot of time and effort.
A homemade jigsaw allows you to make cuts of complex shapes.
You should consider the structure and sequence of manufacturing a simple tabletop electric jigsaw, assembly features and the procedure for working with it.
How does a tabletop jigsaw work?
As the name suggests, this tool is designed to be placed on the surface of a desktop or workbench. Compact dimensions allow you to work with a jigsaw both in a workshop or garage, and at home. An electric jigsaw is an indispensable tool for making complex wood decorations, curly carvings on plywood and similar works.
Kinematic diagram of the jigsaw drive.
It is necessary to take a closer look at the structure of a factory-produced desktop jigsaw. This will allow you to understand the main features of the device and apply them in a homemade model.
The components of an electric jigsaw can be divided into 3 parts:
- movable frame with saw;
- fixed base;
- Electrical engine.
The operating principle of the tool is as follows: an electric motor rotates a crank mechanism, which converts rotational movements into reciprocating movements. The movements are transmitted to a movable frame on which the saw is tensioned.
The homemade device works using the same principle. To simplify the design, the movable frame can be replaced with a regular hand jigsaw.
Return to contents
Parts for electric jigsaw
When assembling an electric jigsaw, it is important to find a suitable motor that will drive the working tool - the saw. A motor from a drill, blender, food processor or other equipment of the same type is perfect for this purpose.
It is better to make the jigsaw frame from aluminum pipe.
The movable frame is made of metal profiles, wooden slats or slats made of durable plastic. It is most convenient to work with aluminum tubes of square section, since they are easy to process, have low weight and a significant margin of safety.
To fix the jigsaw in the desired position, you should make a reliable frame for it from wood or metal. The dimensions of the frame do not have much impact on the operation of the jigsaw. They depend only on which version of the tool you need - a compact tabletop or a full-size one installed on the floor.
The jigsaw table is made from a thick sheet of plywood, in which a small diameter hole is made where the saw will move (Fig. 2).
A gasket made of elastic material - rubber or leather - is placed between the body and the table, which will dampen vibration.
There is also a simpler option on how to make a homemade jigsaw. It consists in the fact that a hand-held electric jigsaw is mounted in a vertical position on a table-stand, while its file is attached tightly to movable guide bars - levers.
Return to contents
Assembling a table jigsaw
The construction of a homemade jigsaw begins with assembling the body, which can be made of plywood, chipboard or metal. The most simple model of this instrument can do without a housing, but in this case strong vibrations occur, which can significantly affect the ease of operation. In this case, two holes are made in the jigsaw - one for attaching the crank to the tool, the second for movably fixing the jigsaw itself to the table. After starting the engine, the jigsaw begins to produce reciprocating movements that facilitate sawing of the material.
Such a spring will provide the necessary tension on the jigsaw saw.
A more sophisticated model includes two separate strips with wing nuts installed at the ends. At the opposite end, the planks are pulled together by a strong spring, ensuring constant tension on the saw. Such a device operates from a separate motor or, for example, from a drill.
There is a vertical bar running inside the case, which is fixedly attached to its bottom or one of the walls. Two holes are made in it, the distance between which should be 2-3 cm less than the length of a standard file. Bolts or pins are inserted into the holes, onto which strips are placed that hold the file.
The engine is built into the housing and is attached to the bottom bar by means of a disk with a connecting rod mechanism. A table with a hole for a file acts as a cover for the case.
The main disadvantage of a jigsaw with a separate motor lies in its most intricate part - the crank mechanism. The file with it makes not only vertical, but also oblique movements, which cannot but affect the cutting accuracy. If you need to get a precise tool, then it is better to replace the motor with an inexpensive factory-made manual jigsaw. It is attached under the surface of the body and a file is passed through the table, clamping it with one end in the jigsaw and the other in the upper bar of the structure. This design provides sufficient cutting accuracy, bringing this parameter closer to factory models.
Return to contents
Advantages of using an electric jigsaw
A jigsaw allows you to make complex cuts very accurately.
Unlike hand tools, the electric jigsaw has clear advantages, among which:
- higher operating speed;
- the ability to work with two hands, which increases accuracy;
- safety - with proper organization A stationary labor tool is much safer because it cannot break out of your hands.
In addition, making your own electric jigsaw will save money, since factory machines of this type are quite expensive.
Using a tabletop jigsaw you can make furniture, beautiful patterned shelves and much more at home. The mechanism allows you to cut smooth and curved parts from wood, plastic and dense foam materials. In order for a homemade device to fully satisfy the requirements, it is necessary to carefully select a suitable design.
Design and technical characteristics
The device of any model of jigsaw machine necessarily contains:
- saw;
- crank assembly;
- drive unit;
- saw tension device;
- Desktop;
- auxiliary mechanisms.
The material to be processed is placed on the work table. Some models are equipped with a rotating device that changes the inclination of the surface. To make it easier to mark the material with your own hands, graduations are applied to the surface.
The larger the table size, the longer the cut you can make. On average, this figure is 30 - 40 cm.
Drive power for homemade desktop machine is about 150 W.
The crank assembly converts the rotational motion of the drive into reciprocating motion and transmits it to the saw. On average, the frequency of saw blade vibrations per minute is 800 - 1000. The amplitude of vertical movement is no more than 5 cm. Some models allow you to select the speed of movement depending on the properties of the material.
The file of a manual jigsaw can work with wood and plastic with a thickness of no more than 10 cm, having a length of up to 35 cm. For different types of materials and work, the files vary, their width is 2 - 10 mm.
A manual tension device secures the saw blade for uniform sawing; it consists of screw or leaf springs.
Types of machines
Structurally, all jigsaw devices can be divided:
- with lower support;
- with double support;
- on suspension;
- with degree scale and stops;
- universal.
The most common are models with a lower support. Their frame is divided into two halves: lower and upper. The cutting and cleaning module is located at the top. At the bottom there is a control module, an electric motor, a transmission mechanism and a switch. Allows you to process sheets of material of any size.
Models with double support differ in that there is an additional rail on the upper half of the bed. Such devices are good for creating oversized parts. They are easier to install than the previous option. Both models allow you to process material no thicker than 8 cm. The machine comes with a work table with angle and height adjustment.
Suspended machines are not equipped with a monolithic frame; they are very mobile. During processing, it is the cutting module that moves, not the material. The working module is usually attached to the ceiling with your own hands, so the size of the material is unlimited. The cutting tool is moved by hand independently of the bed, creating very complex patterns.
Machines with a degree scale and stops are good for precise work according to drawings. The design allows you to avoid errors. Universal jigsaw machines can perform several operations associated with cutting: drilling, polishing, grinding.
Making a machine yourself
Drawing of a homemade tabletop jigsaw: 1 - rocker insert (2 pcs.), 2 - earring (2 pcs), 3 - table, 4.6 - screws, 5 - rod, 7 - eccentric, 8 - base, 9 - axes of earrings, 10 - upper rocker arm, 11 - rocker arm axis, 12 - wing, 13 - tension screw cross member (2 pcs), 14 - tension screw, 15 - rocker stand, 16 - lower rocker arm, 17 - box, 18 - double-ribbed pulley, 19 - intermediate shaft, 20 — stand bushing, 21 — table plate, 22 — bearing with cover (2 pcs.), 23 — electric motor pulley.
In the drawing of a tabletop machine made by yourself, the number of components must be kept to a minimum, these are: a rocking chair with a fixed saw, a bed and an electric motor. You can take a motor from an old electric machine.
Owners of a manual jigsaw are luckier. You can make a stand from a sheet of plywood and attach a jigsaw to it. To attach the jigsaw with your own hands, you will have to make holes in the base of the tool. The simplest model is ready.
Now about the more complex and functional ones. The stand is made by hand from 12 mm plywood, thick plastic or textolite. It consists of a base, a box for housing the engine and mechanisms, and a work table. On the other side we place a rocking chair with an eccentric. They are connected to each other by a metal plate with bushing bearings. The entire structure is secured with screws. To mount the intermediate shaft, prepare a pair of bearings. A double-strand metal pulley is placed on the shaft as tightly as possible, and the screw connection is secured. You can make an eccentric in the same way.
To change the amplitude of movement of the rocker, four round through holes with threads are made on the eccentric flange, located at different distances from the axis. By changing the installation location of the screw, the range of movement of the rocking chair is adjusted. It consists of a pair of wooden rocker arms hinged to a stand. The rear ends of the rocker arms contain through cuts; tension screws are inserted into them. A file is attached to the ends at the front and is movable due to metal hinges. Before fastening, the file is inserted into the groove of the working surface of the table.
The mechanism for attaching the file is very important. When making a homemade device with your own hands, it should be given Special attention. The inserted plates of the rocker arms bear constant loads when moving, so they are rigidly fixed and tightened with Grover screws and washers. The fastening earrings should not be strongly compressed by the screws, allowing the hinge axis of the plate to move.
For a person who is used to on our own cope with everyday problems, a jigsaw is a necessity. Electric jigsaws are also good for those who like to tinker, for those who live in their own home, and for summer residents. You can make a jigsaw with your own hands, since this model differs significantly in better side from hand tools. An electric tool improves the quality of sawn products, and also facilitates and speeds up the work process.
Types and purpose
A jigsaw is a thin saw that additionally has a ski to guide the saw blade along the surface. The jigsaw was invented by Albert Kaufman, who at first simply replaced the needle of a foot- or electric-powered sewing machine with a blade. A modern jigsaw has a simple design in the form of an electric motor and a simple mechanism driving the blade. Front, top part The tool has a guide, and the lower one contains a retractable saw blade that makes cuts. An electric jigsaw has a support platform that allows you to focus on the part being cut and work with great precision.
A jigsaw can cut through plastic, plywood, copper, brass or steel with equal success. The functions of a jigsaw should allow it to make both straight and curved cuts on various types of materials without disturbing the external contour of the product. The fixed position of the tool allows you to make cuts high precision. Hand jigsaws do not have a tension system and guides, thanks to which a jigsaw has such a smooth and stable move.
A manual jigsaw is inconvenient for cutting out small parts. Since it is quite heavy, you have to hold it with one hand and guide the workpiece with the other. A tabletop jigsaw does not have this drawback, but it can be processed with its help. large details difficult, and its size is considerable. It is best to use such a jigsaw as a mini-machine for the production of small workpieces. The simplest desktop jigsaw is easy to make with your own hands.
Return to contents
Manufacturing
The simplest model is made quite quickly, but its availability is usually sufficient for household needs. A carefully made jigsaw will be no worse than one made in a factory, and in some ways it may be able to surpass it. In order to make a jigsaw, you will need:
- manual jigsaw;
- heating thread;
- screws;
- plywood;
- duralumin pipes up to 12 mm in diameter;
- drill;
- clamp.
For normal operation of a jigsaw, the following parts must be present: a comfortable handle, a switch (a push-button switch is most convenient), a power cord, and a heating filament.
The first step is to make a frame from a duralumin pipe, but for the base you can also use textolite of at least 10 mm or thick plywood. The lighter the frame made, the easier the jigsaw will be to use. The frame must have a channel for the power cord. Experts believe that the best frame shape is one in which one of the sides is deviated by 45º.
Then an earring is made from a millimeter-thick copper sheet and attached to the frame with screws in the place where the frame is connected to the handle. The earring, screw and wing nut form a clamp in which the heating filament is fixed. The clamping cheeks are made from a 0.8 mm thick duralumin sheet, and a push-button switch is located between them.
After this, a slot-like hole is cut in the plywood through which the file can pass. It is convenient to make this gap using a drill. Markings are made and holes along it, the transitions between which are smoothed. Instead of plywood, plexiglass, plastic, or metal can be used. The drill is then used to make mounting holes in the plywood and on the base plate itself. A jigsaw on a plywood base is secured with screws so that the file can pass through the gap. The structure is attached to a table or workbench using a clamp so that the file is directed upward. If the clamp is not suitable, you can use another fastener that is more suitable for the specific case. Although the file in this case remains standard, both hands are freed up, thereby increasing the cutting capabilities, so the design is functional even in this form.
As a heating thread, you can use a nichrome spiral from any heating device, for example, from an iron. It is secured like a standard saw blade between the ends of the frame with slight tension. To heat the filament, 14 V is supplied, and a rheostat is used to control the voltage. The current is determined by the length and thickness of the nichrome thread; a rheostat helps set the optimal current strength. The current strength affects the temperature to which the filament heats up, if too high material heats up and can catch fire, and if not enough, cutting will be impossible.
An optimally tuned jigsaw, made by yourself, will allow you to cut out shapes with complex shapes.
You can often hear that every home craftsman should have a jigsaw in his collection. But how many of us know what can be done with a jigsaw?
Meanwhile, today there are many operations that are carried out by this tool. It will be of interest primarily to those craftsmen who are not content with a somewhat rough hacksaw for wood. The jigsaw is primarily intended for work that requires particularly high quality finishing and maximum cutting accuracy. In particular, if the master decided to make a stylish cabinet with his own hands or cut out an original wood trim
on the wall, the use of a jigsaw is almost inevitable.
What is an electric jigsaw? This device belongs to the class, operating from an electric drive. In fact, this is an electrified version of a manual jigsaw. Its working cutting element is a fairly narrow saw blade, which cuts the workpiece thanks to reciprocating movements in the vertical plane.
Because of their design features, including due to the relatively small size of the file, with the help of the specified power tool it is possible to perform a variety of cutting work of straight and curved configurations. The use of the device also allows you to cut through holes of various sizes and shapes in wooden (plastic) panels and blanks. Moreover, the thinner the saw blade is, and the faster it moves during operation, the thinner the cut edges will be.
Today, jigsaws of different designs and purposes are known. So, they are divided into manual and stationary, for home use And professional models(designed for fairly long and intensive use in conditions, for example, of a furniture factory).
There are also saws electrical devices with one or two handles. The first option is sometimes called a traveling option, since it does not require the presence of special devices at the cutting site for rigid fixation of the workpiece. The performer has to hold the workpiece being processed with his other hand.
Accordingly, two-handed models are good because they can be held with both hands, while the workpiece is firmly secured to the base of the machine by some kind of locking device. This circumstance ultimately has a very favorable effect on the high quality of workpiece processing.
Return to contents
What and how you can do with a jigsaw: functionality
This power tool can perform a wide range of cutting operations. First of all, this concerns various works in the construction and repair industry, in the production of furniture products, as well as for everyday management household when minor repairs and restoration work are periodically required.
This application is made possible by the design of the electric jigsaw.
A thin saw, an active drive from an electric motor and a flat platform on the mechanism body ensure fairly fast and high-quality cutting from sheet lumber of a wide variety of contours in pattern and complexity.
Using a jigsaw, you can make various connecting components with a fairly high degree of accuracy. The specified power tool is used to produce accurate bevel cutting in places corner connections wooden (plastic) blanks with each other. A jigsaw is practically indispensable in cases where adjustment trimming is performed at the joints of flat wooden panels.
A special area of application for the device is the production of various openwork wood cladding both individual pieces of furniture and the entire room interior. In this area, the jigsaw traditionally has no equal. With its help, talented craftsmen create objects that are completely unique in shape and beauty. wall shelves, furniture facades, wall decor details, etc.
The possibilities for artistic use of a jigsaw are determined by its design. The small width of the saw blade and its fixation in the device body with only one end significantly increases the maneuverability of the mechanism.
Thanks to this design, you can still use a jigsaw to cut holes of different diameters and shapes (figures with a closed contour) without disturbing the outer contour of the cut figure. To do this, you will first have to drill an initial hole on the workpiece, which in diameter should be equal (or slightly larger) to the width of the saw blade. Next, insert a file into the hole and turn on electric drive and the jigsaw begins to move along the contour marked with a pencil. It is worth noting that this function in many cases can be very important and even decisive.
Return to contents
Some Factors Affecting the Functionality of a Jigsaw
Traditionally, jigsaws are used to process wood materials or blanks from soft materials(plastic, plasterboard panels, laminate). However, thanks to the use saw blades made of special metals and their special designs, today the range of functionality of this power tool has expanded significantly. In particular, jigsaws are currently actively used in cutting metal sheets, fragile glass and ceramic workpieces.
Any electric jigsaw operates on the principle of converting, through a special gearbox, the rotational motion of the electric motor rotor into the reciprocating motion of the saw blade. It should be borne in mind that the quality of cutting largely depends on a number of technical factors.
Thus, relatively cheap jigsaws often have not very powerful electric motors. Because of this, it is quite difficult for the device to develop a high cutting speed - this is the key to high-quality processing of workpieces.
To prevent this factor from affecting quality, many jigsaws have pendulum mechanism. With its help, a rather complex trajectory of the saw is formed - not only up/down, but also slightly forward/backward.
This additional “swaying” of the working element carries out preliminary sawing of the material in front of the leading edge of the blade teeth. The pendulum trajectory makes it possible not only to increase the cutting speed of the workpiece, but also significantly reduces vibration and wear of the blade, since not all teeth are involved in the work at the same time. In addition, with such a trajectory of movement of the file, its heating is reduced and the chips are effectively removed from the cut site.
In expensive models of jigsaws, this option can be adjusted. This, as a rule, is done in order to connect one or another operating amplitude mode when moving from one material being processed to another. In particular, the maximum amplitude of saw blade forward/backward is used in cases where a soft wood workpiece is being cut. For particularly precise and clean cuts on hard wood or plastic panel average pendulum amplitudes are used.
The level of vibration also affects the efficiency of the device. Low vibration makes the quality of the cut higher and the operation of the equipment more convenient for the worker. This factor should definitely be taken into account when purchasing a tool, first checking it for the degree of vibration.