For lifting weights, man has invented many devices. If you briefly describe the principle of their work - the transformation of the distance traveled into effort.
Let's consider examples of such transformations:
- Lever arm. On the long side, the distance traveled is greater and the effort is less. On the short side, vice versa;
- Block system. The cable, passing through a certain number of blocks, loses distance with each loop, proportionally acquiring additional tractive effort;
- Gears with different gear ratios. The small gear spins quickly and with less effort. Big is the opposite;
- Chain (belt) pair. The smaller pulley rotates effortlessly and faster. A larger diameter pulley develops a high torque on the shaft at a lower rotational speed;
- Communicating vessels. Two piston pairs connected to each other work according to the lever principle. A piston of a smaller diameter moves with a large swing at low effort. While its larger "brother" moves a short distance with a proportionally increased effort.
The principle of communicating vessels works hydraulic jack.
The relatively compact size (in comparison with the force that the tool can develop) makes it indispensable when working with large weights. Portable bottle jacks (this is their second name) develop a force from 1 to 20 tons. Larger specimens can weigh up to 200 tons.
In this case, it is hydraulics that is one of the safest devices for lifting heavy weights.
Device, features of the use of a bottle-type jack
The illustration shows the components of the hydraulic lift. 
The entire structure fits inside the reservoir with the working fluid. The lifting rod in the down position is completely recessed in the body. The lever handle is removable and does not take up much space in the transport position. Therefore, this type of jack easily fits in the trunk of a car.
IMPORTANT! Store bottle-type hydraulic jacks upright. Otherwise, fluid may leak out.
A device capable of lifting a solid SUV (force of 5 tons) - measures (taking into account the unfastened handle) no more than a 0.7 liter bottle of wine. One person can handle such a jack.
In order to repair the hydraulic jack as little as possible, you need to monitor the product and use it correctly. Maintain the correct level of fluid that seeps through the seals. Often, due to the ingress of air, the load is jammed while it is being lifted. Then difficulties arise when lowering it. In these cases, the jack needs to be disassembled and repaired. Carry out it really on your own, observing a certain sequence of actions.
The hydraulic jack consists of 3 parts:
- Housings.
- Piston.
- Working fluid.
- Single-stem. Due to their ease of use, they are used in mechanical engineering and construction. The jack is taken into service by motorists - for lifting cars. Used as a knot in a pipe bender or press.
- Double-headed. Works both vertically and horizontally. The device includes 2 rods. They are lifted up by a cylinder.
- Large dimensions and heavy weight of the product.
- The presence of a concrete or asphalt site.
- The oil must be drained. For this, a special container is being prepared.
- The piston with the valve is removed. Their visual inspection is in progress. All dirt and rust is cleaned.
- The cause of the malfunction is a deformed stem. The jack cannot lift the load. In this case, the part needs to be replaced.
- Gaskets require careful examination. If no defects were found during an external examination, it is still better to replace them. Often microscopic flaws are not visible, but they are the cause of the malfunction.
- The oil valve is checked. Adhered dirt is removed. Due to its presence, the ball is in the wrong position and oil is leaking.
At the beginning of operation, the mechanism is placed on a flat plane, the valve closes and due to the movement of the lever, the stem is lifted. On descent, the valve opens and the pressure of the weight returns the stem to its place.
As the lever is pressed, fluid is pumped from the housing into the cylinder, pushing it up. The suction and discharge valves prevent it from returning.
When the valve in the pump opens, the fluid returns to the housing space.
Bottle products
Bottle jacks have the ability to lift loads ranging from 3 to 200 tons. This is ensured by the presence of a large support plane.
There are 2 types of bottle machines:
Rolling view
Externally, it is a trolley mounted on wheels. Before work, it rolls up under the load being lifted.
The design is large in size, so it is used in tire shops. Lifting is done by pressing the lever. When the valve is opened, the stem is lowered.
If a slight lowering is required, a tubular handle is used. It fits onto the valve screw and rotates it around its axis. A slight decrease in the stock begins.
This type of product has disadvantages:
Varieties and causes of breakdowns
Do-it-yourself repair of a hydraulic jack. For this, all possible malfunctions and the rules for their elimination. Parts are prepared in advance - to replace those that have failed. The main causes of breakdowns and the rules for their elimination are known. To do this, you need to have a suitable tool at hand.
Malfunction of the hydraulic cylinder
If the hydraulic cylinder fails, the oil reservoir must be removed. The piston is disconnected first. To do this, using wrenches the screws located at the top are unscrewed. The protective rings are removed, the reservoir is pulled out. If the cylinder is damaged, then it is replaced. During the installation process, you will need a clamp. The bolts unscrewed from the jack are replaced with new ones. They come in the same size. If the removed bushings are worn out, replace them. Some models allow the use of the round type.
Departure of the upper and lower rings
In the event of the upper ring protruding, the upper plate is disconnected. It is preliminarily examined for defects. The screws are unscrewed using keys. It is important to inspect the piston to make sure that the broken ring does not damage it. After that, engage in installing a new one on the stock. In order to improve fixation, use a seal.
If there was a flyout of the lower ring, then the lower frame is removed. In this case, the hydraulic cylinder is inspected. Its integrity is checked. It is important that the piston moves smoothly without jamming.
To remove the frame, the jack is turned over and securely fixed. The cover is removed only after inspecting the O-ring. Using a screwdriver, the retractable extension is removed. It also requires inspection, since there is a risk of damage from the ring.
In the event of its replacement, the marking is specified, which is stamped on the body or recorded in the documentation.
During installation, the stem is lubricated with machine oil. A new ring is also being installed.
Broken traction arm
The difficulty of such a repair lies in the fact that it will be necessary to remove both the traction device and the cylinder. First, the top cover is removed and the cylinder is inspected. There may be scratches on it. Sometimes the movable plate also requires replacement.
Removal of the cylinder is carried out using a clamp, and the upper plate is held on the rods. If the structure contains several pistons, then the removal of the coil is also required.
The pulling device with the connected lever is located on the bottom plate. To remove the lever, the stem is released with a hammer. On the the last stage the lever is fixed to the traction mechanism.
Broken wedge grip
In the event of such a breakdown, the top plate is disconnected. For this, 4 screws are unscrewed. Use a screwdriver to pry on and remove the tie. It is located near the oil system.
Then the grip is removed, which is located on the rod. Before installing a new one, the plate is inspected. The assembly is carried out in the reverse order.
Removing the jack plate
When repairing such a breakdown, the piston system is checked first. It may be damaged. Depending on the type of jack, the plate is fastened with different bolts. As a rule, they have an M6 thread. There are 4 of them, and they are located along the edges. When replacing the plate, the oil system should also be checked, as it may also be damaged.
Replacing the hinge
This type of repair is easy to do with your own hands. For this, the bolts are unscrewed and the top plate is removed. After that, the stem is disconnected, the loop is easily removed. It is often bent. Using the machine, its surface is leveled. In case of large deformation, it is better to replace such a product with a new one.
The fitting works poorly
This breakdown is directly related to bad job pipeline. It is necessary to inspect the piston system. Due to its malfunction, the fitting is high blood pressure... For this, the piston unit is dismantled and a breakdown is looked for in it. If possible, it is eliminated. Otherwise, this part of the jack must be replaced.
Troubleshooting a pipeline
Service centers are engaged in these types of repairs. At home, you can inspect the unit and make only simple repairs.
For this, the bolts are unscrewed and the top plate is dismantled. Using a screwdriver, the tie is undermined and then removed. If an external examination showed a breakdown of the upper nut, then at home such a breakdown cannot be eliminated.
Repair rules and selection of spare parts
Repair of a hydraulic jack begins with its disassembly. All parts of the product have threaded connections, so you should arm yourself with wrenches.
The sequence of work is as follows:
All parts of the disassembled apparatus are washed in a special liquid. Defective parts are replaced. For this purpose, there is a selection of spare parts. All new structural elements must have the same parameters. Repair kits are available to replace a small subassembly. They include parts and spacers between them. The assembly is carried out in the reverse order.
Oil change and filling rules
Before filling with new oil, the old one is completely removed. If flushing liquid is present, it is also removed.
Before filling in a new one, all the air present is eliminated. The outlet valve opens and the device goes down. Then you should carry out at least 5 pumping. The bolt is removed from the filler neck and oil is poured through the nozzle to the required level. Then the pumping is repeated, and the oil is poured again. It is important to bleed all air from the system. As soon as the oil surface stops bubbling and reaches the desired mark, the jack is ready for use.
Rules for operating a jack for 5 and 12 tons.
If lead correct operation jack, the number of breakdowns will sharply decrease.
To do this, you need to adhere to the following rules:
- It is forbidden to lift a load exceeding the permissible one.
- The work is carried out smoothly, without jerking.
- Installation can only be carried out on a flat surface.
- Before work, all movable joints are lubricated.
- An external examination of the device is carried out in order to detect cracks or oil leaks.
- The oil level is checked and must be brought up to normal.
In order for the hydraulic jack to work without interruption, it is required to carry out monthly Maintenance... Since the product is constantly subjected to heavy loads, all parts require the presence of lubricant. It is important to avoid the presence of dirt, which leads to jamming of the device. The device is stored in a lowered state.
The jack is quite widespread. They are in the arsenal of almost every motorist, they can come in handy when carrying out different work In workshop. There are several types of such a mechanism, in this case we will pay attention to the hydraulic one. Such a tool transmits force by compressing the fluid. The complexity of the mechanism and its use in difficult operating conditions determines the need for repairs. You can repair the hydraulic structure with your own hands, but all the features of this process should be taken into account. Consider how to repair a hydraulic jack and what the features of this process may be.
Causes of jack breakdowns
The design of a hydraulic jack can vary significantly. Many professional models can last for a long time, but certain reasons can still lead to a serious defect.
Faults in the hydraulic jack can be attributed to the following problems:
- Most often, the working cylinder fails, as well as the plunger mirrors. Such a malfunction leads to the fact that the working part does not hold pressure, oil penetrates from working chamber into the space above the piston. In this case, there are quite a few problems with the use of the device.
- In most cases, damage to mirrors occurs due to negligence during operation. The hydraulics do not work in this case or have low efficiency. The surface is damaged due to horizontal transportation, if this has not been foreseen by the manufacturer.
- Too serious damage to the surface of the mirrors leads to the fact that the liquid begins to flow out, air enters the cavity, due to which corrosion begins to actively develop.
- Corrosion on the surface causes rapid wear of various seals and lip seals. In their manufacture, rubber is used, which is subject to mechanical stress. As a result of deformation and severe wear, a large number of foreign elements enter the oil, which lead to clogging of the installed valves and channels.
- Mechanical impact, for example, at the moment the device falls from a great height, also causes a large number problems. Too strong impact can lead to the appearance of internal or surface deformations of the case, the curvature of the main elements.
- Excessive loading can damage the mechanism. A common problem can be called a curvature of the stem, due to which the chamber also begins to leak oil due to the skew of the main element. Each model of the lifting mechanism is designed for a specific load, which is indicated in the instruction manual.
- Improper use also leads to major malfunctions. The hydraulic jack should only be used as recommended by the manufacturer.
Many causes of hoist failure are the result of improper use of the device. In addition, some hydraulic jack models require periodic oil changes. These and many other points are taken into account when reviewing the operating instructions.
Required tools and materials
Do-it-yourself repair of a hydraulic jack can be done in your own workshop if you have the required materials and tools. It should be borne in mind that some versions of the lifting mechanism are represented by non-separable structures, and it will be rather difficult to carry out repair work. The hydraulic jack should be disassembled taking into account the peculiarities of its design. This may require the following tools:
- Hammer and chisel.
- Pliers.
- Screwdrivers with different diameters.
- Hacksaw.
- A set of keys and a gas wrench.
There are just a huge number of varieties of hydraulic jacks, so it is difficult to say exactly which tools you may need to get the job done. In some cases, the possibility of easy access to internal mechanism for maintenance or repair, in others it will take quite a lot of free time to parse.
As for the materials, it all depends on what kind of malfunction the structure has. very often seals that are made of plastic or rubber fail. Quite a lot of difficulties can arise with their selection, since even a small gap can lead to the passage of the working fluid into the upper chamber (leading to a drop in pressure). If we consider damage to the rod or glass, then such malfunctions are solved only by replacing the entire element.
When considering how to disassemble a hydraulic jack, you need to pay attention to design features. The force in all cases is transmitted through oil, which has a low compression ratio. As previously noted, the oil should be changed in order to ensure the long service life of the device under conditions of frequent use, as it can lose its performance over time.
The device of a rolling jack does not differ significantly from the usual persistent one. The working part is done using similar principles. It should be borne in mind that the design largely depends on what the carrying capacity is. Some models are equipped with a threaded extension that allows the initial lifting height to be initially adjusted.
A hydraulic jack with your own hands can be repaired in the event of a malfunction of the auxiliary elements or the main working part. In most cases, problems arise precisely with the working part. Classic version performance is represented by a combination of the following elements:
- A piston that has O-rings. It is on him that the pressure is exerted by the liquid. By combining huge amount seals from various materials the piston does not allow oil to pass through even under high pressure. In addition, the structure itself is designed for high loads. Application rubber seals allows you to make the element movable.
- Cylinder with seals. It is the cylinder that creates the working cavity in which pressure is exerted on the rod. In order to reduce friction during the travel of the moving element, the surface is polished to a mirror-like state. In the manufacture of this element, materials with high corrosive properties are used. The appearance of even insignificant rust leads to the fact that the moving part begins to wear out quickly. Outside, the cylinder is represented by cast iron, which is very susceptible to shock load... Therefore, you should handle the tool in question carefully.
- Power rod. This element is connected to the piston and is set in motion. It is the rod that perceives the load that occurs between the lifted object and the piston. High-quality steel is used in the manufacture, designed for high load. To extend its service life, the surface is chemically treated to provide corrosion resistance. It should be borne in mind that when using a hydraulic jack in violation of the operating recommendations related to permissible loads, there is a curvature of the stem. Such a malfunction is extremely common.
- Passage channel systems. In order to supply and remove oil from the working chamber, it is required throughput channels... They have small size, may become clogged over time.
- A plunger pump that provides pressure. Most of devices mechanical type provides for manual pumping of liquid into work area... The plunger pump device is highly reliable and rarely fails.
- A bleed valve is used to remove liquid from the working chamber. Such a structural element can be implemented in different ways. As a rule, this is a small screw, when turned, due to the pressure exerted on the rod, all the liquid is removed from the working chamber.
- Cuffs and seals. These elements provide insulation for the working chamber and other structural elements. They also provide mobility of the piston rod. In the manufacture of cuffs and seals, plastic materials are used that are highly resistant to mechanical stress or the effect of the applied oil. Important indicators seals are their outer and bore diameters, as well as rigidity and wear resistance. To find suitable option execution for replacement in many cases is quite difficult.
- Filler hole to maintain the required oil level in the system. From time to time it is necessary to add oil to maintain the required level. As a rule, when the hydraulic jack is used intensively or when it is transported in the wrong position, the hydraulic fluid level drops. Some device models have an oil level indicator.
In general, we can say that the design is quite simple, but it has many rubbing elements. Many manufacturers create collapsible designs, when the seals on the stem are fixed with a nut or other fastener. It should be borne in mind that there are also non-collapsible versions, the repair of which is several times more complicated.
Repairing a jack is in most cases quite simple if you have the necessary Supplies... It should be borne in mind that the appearance of corrosion on the surface can significantly complicate the task. Therefore, you need to purchase a special liquid for removing corrosion and oxidation.
Do-it-yourself repair of a sliding hydraulic jack can be conditionally divided into several main stages:
- The essence of the problem is determined. If the structure does not withstand pressure, then there is a high probability of wear on the seals. In the case when lifting occurs with difficulty, that is, the possibility of deformation of the stem or the occurrence of other problems.
- Held full analysis constructions. At this stage, the main thing is not to damage the fasteners. It is worth remembering that during the supply of pressure, the working cavity must contain it. Even a minor defect can cause leakage and pressure drop.
- Inspection of the integrity of the main elements is carried out. In most cases, the cause of the problem can be determined by visual inspection of the structure. For example, seals can have recesses, grooves and other deformations, the stem is slightly bent, the channels are low. throughput due to the accumulation of soot and dirt.
- After determining the cause of the malfunction, you can repair the rolling jack.
In most cases, the hydraulic jack can be repaired as follows:
- After analysis of the structure, cleaning is carried out inner cavity from various debris. In addition, the oil used will have to be completely replaced.
- The seals can be removed in various ways. As a rule, there is a fixing element, due to which the immobility of the elastic bands is ensured during the operation of the device. It is worth considering the sequence of the arrangement of rubber bands and seals. different types... Incorrect installation may result in the device not holding pressure.
As previously noted, rod curvature and damage mirror surface cannot be fixed by yourself. Too much wear and tear leads to the fact that it is necessary to replace the entire element or the lifting mechanism itself.
The hydraulic bottle jack has even more simple design... As a rule, it does not require any adjustments. Therefore, after assembling it, you can start testing and subsequent operation, provided there are no problems. Some manufacturers of lifting mechanisms provide instructions on how to disassemble the device and carry out repairs. Its use allows you to significantly simplify the task.
The repaired hydraulic jack must first be checked for proper operation. This is due to the fact that frequent use with improper installation of seals or other mistakes will lead to rapid wear of the main elements. Therefore, you should provide for the availability of insurance in the event of lifting the car or other mechanisms. If carried out correctly renovation works the life of the hydraulic jack can be significantly extended.
Nowadays, many people are no longer required to lift a large load to any height level. The production of jacks made it possible to improve the processes of building and repairing cars, since the use of this device is associated with the lowest costs and safety when lifting loads.
The bottle-type jack lifts the load to a great height, with a carrying capacity of 2-100 tons and more.
The presence of a jack in any garage makes it easier to repair a personal car, while increasing the level of its effective use. The mechanism is driven by hydraulics. Distinguish hydraulic jacks by design features. They can have one or two plungers, as well as certain type drive devices. For example, a mechanism with manual drive has the possibility of periodic action, and the electric one - operates continuously.
Divide hydraulic lifting mechanisms on the basis of the type of construction for bottle jacks and trolleys. The bottle jack belongs to the class of lifting equipment. The device lifts the load to a great height. Such mechanisms have a carrying capacity of 2-100 tons or more.
What kind of work does the bottle jack device allow?
The scope of application of bottle jacks is a car service associated with the maintenance and repair of cars. The bottle-type jack is widely used in the railway industry, since it allows the repair of railway trains.
The hydraulic jack is used as a power unit for presses, pipe benders or pipe cutters. If, after inspecting the mechanism, it can be concluded that the device is working properly, then work should be started. In combination with a large carrying capacity, the compact size of the tool allows it to be used in garages and workshops. The device can be transported in the trunk of a car, which allows for the replacement of punctured wheels if necessary.
The bottle jack mechanism is reliable. Hydraulic jacks are used in the car repair process, which must be lifted and fixed at the desired height. For example, the mechanism allows you to remove a car wheel for its subsequent balancing using special equipment.
It is convenient to transport it, which is carried out exclusively in a vertical position, since oil in the horizontal position of the tool is capable of flowing out. In general, its service life is determined by the number of gaskets and oil seals in its device.
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Bottle type hydraulic jack design and features
The bottle type is shown in the picture. Each element that makes up the structure corresponds to a certain number, implying the presence in the mechanism:
- Handles.
- Pump.
- Valve.
- Reservoir.
- Cylinder.
- Stock.
- Screw.
The suction valve is located on the tank nozzle. This should prevent fluid from returning to the reservoir if the pump plunger is lowered. The position of the discharge valve refers to the cylinder nozzle, which prevents the hydraulic fluid from leaving the cylinder when the pump plunger is lifted.
The valve is opened with a special screw that allows pressure relief in the device. Then the load is lowered to the ground. Generally this design is time-tested.
Connecting a bottle jack to a pump or pumping station is carried out due to the presence of a coupling half, which is a quick disconnect. It eliminates fluid loss due to disconnection of the tool from the pressure source. The main structural elements are:
The bottle jack quick-release coupling eliminates fluid loss as a result of the tool being disconnected from the pressure source.
- Frame.
- Extendable plunger (piston).
- Working fluid (hydraulic oil).
The body serves as a guide cylinder for the plunger and at the same time a special reservoir for the working fluid. If the jack has a lifting capacity of up to 20 tons, then the location of its lifting foot is marked in the part of the screw that is screwed into the plunger. Therefore, the initial height of the mechanism can be increased by unscrewing the screw.
The plunger must pump oil from one common reservoir to another under the piston. When oil appears under the piston, it should move. The oil is no longer returned to the general reservoir due to the actuation of the valve. As the plunger operates, more and more oil flows into the reservoir under the piston from the common reservoir.
An integral part of a bottle jack is a liquid, which has the characteristic of an incompressible working material. This allows you to smoothly lower and raise the load, as well as fix it at a certain height, ensuring accuracy when braking.
Spindle oil allows you to smoothly lower and raise the load, as well as fix it at a certain height.
The speed of the lowering of the load can be controlled by the hole required for the outflow of a special liquid coming from the cylinder, which can have a different composition. It is possible to use antifreeze mixtures, which include the following components:
- Alcohol.
- Water.
- Technical glycerin.
Spindle oil solidifies at temperatures below 35 ° C. When choosing a bottle jack, lift and pickup heights are taken into account, not just lifting capacity. The lifting capacity may be sufficient to lift the vehicle and the stroke will be low. This requires control over the level of hydraulic fluid, oil seals and their tightness.
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Properties and characteristics of the bottle jack
The bottle jack offers excellent lifting capacity with little effort.
Jacks are made from plain or of stainless steel which can be doped. It could also be aluminum. The rigid hydraulic jack is a stable mechanism with smooth running during operation.
The device is characterized by braking accuracy, compactness, high efficiency (0.75 - 0.8). It allows you to lift loads from virtually zero height. Due to these design features of the jack, the scope of its application is very wide. The design of bottle jacks has its main disadvantages and advantages, since this device is distinguished by the presence of:
- Maximum smoothness of the jack.
- High coefficient useful action and excellent lifting capacity with minimal effort.
- The special liquid is non-flammable and non-freezing.
The efficiency of the mechanism, reaching 80%, provides a significant lifting capacity, which is 100 tons or more. This characteristic manifests itself at low forces applied to the pump plunger, since due to the presence of valves, the force applied to the lever can increase tens of times. Having a low speed, the device has a small lifting cycle, which is not characterized by high altitude.
If the jack lifted the load, but gradually lowers spontaneously, then the cause must be looked for in the bypass valve or cuffs.
Among other disadvantages of the device are noted difficult conditions storage and transportation. Storage and transportation of the jack is carried out in an upright position. Otherwise, the working fluid spreads out, which leaves the volume that is allocated for it.
The jack mechanism is rigid and does not require too much force on the drive handle. A complex device may not only be insufficiently stable, but also have a not too large working stroke, have a large weight and an initial height.
Among the properties of a bottle-type hydraulic jack are:
- The ability to lift a weight that is equal to the weight of the vehicle or other object that needs to be lifted.
- Rod stroke.
- Lifting height.
- Pickup height.
All of these properties should be carefully considered before purchasing a new device. For example, the lifting height of a load can fluctuate within 20-60 cm.At the same time, the characteristics of a hydraulic jack should also be taken into account, which are associated with the following indicators:
If corrosion is found and damage to the parts of the jack, they are replaced.
- The lifting capacity of the bottle jack, that is, the maximum possible weight of the load being lifted.
- Pickup height, namely minimum distance between the surface, which is the reference (ground, floor, etc.), as well as the grip itself, which is the reference point of the device, located in the lower working position.
- Lift height, that is, the maximum distance from the supporting surface to the pickup in the working position from above.
- Working stroke, which is the distance between the upper and lower working positions of the pick-up.
- Dead weight in working order.
- Gear ratio that shows how the areas of the hydraulic pump plunger and the hydraulic jack lifting plunger are related.
The engine power indicator will depend on these characteristics. electric pump and the force applied to the jack handle.
An indispensable device for lifting cars is a jack. It is put into new cars as a mandatory repair equipment. For passenger cars A mechanical device is enough, but to lift trucks, you cannot do without hydraulics. Like any mechanism, the jack can fail, including due to intensive use. For further work with it, it will be necessary to pump the working fluid. We will tell you how to pump a hydraulic jack in our article.
Before proceeding with the repair, it is necessary to diagnose the device. There may be several reasons why the device may not perform its functions. The main ones are:
- airing the working fluid (air bubbles appear in the oil, which interfere with the transfer of force to the piston);
- corrosive deposits (a decrease in the passage channels due to the formation of corrosive layers on the stacks, which reduce the diameter or clog the path for oil);
- loads deforming the working rod (the bent rod passes tightly in working area and can transfer the load not along a given axis, which leads to the "firing" of the jack from under the lifted load);
- contamination of the working fluid (oil contains particles of debris or metal wear, which negatively affects quality work device).
Disassembly and diagnostics
Do-it-yourself standard repair of a hydraulic jack begins with identifying defective places in the device and preliminary preparation to service.
Types of hydraulic jacks
The work is carried out in several stages:
- The fastening hardware is unscrewed.
- The valve assembly is removed, which ensures that the pressure of the working fluid is released.
- We take out the piston for inspection. Working side surface must be free of dents, notches, ditches and obvious traces of wear. It has a smooth, even, polished surface. Otherwise, such roughness will cause poor-quality operation of the jack.
- Further, a visual inspection of gaskets, oil seals, locking metal balls is carried out. If blocked channels are detected (ball fuse), then it is removed by loosening it, it is advisable not to use metal hammers so as not to damage the nests. Gaskets and seals must be replaced if necessary.
- If the working hydraulic cavities are contaminated, then flushing is carried out from the "grease" of contaminated surfaces. Small ducts may be cleaned with copper wire. It is not advisable to do this operation with a steel bar or a nail, as the surface is damaged, and scratches and notches are left.
- Then the device is assembled in the reverse order of disassembly. After that, clean oil is poured in and the jack is pumped. There must be enough oil to fill the tank of the device.
Filling with oil and pumping the jack
The hydraulic jack design assumes that the main driving force in the apparatus is oil. It is it, as a working fluid, that pushes the stock and moves all cars up. The oil level must not be lower than the established norm, otherwise it simply will not be enough in volume to fill the necessary cavities inside the jack and perform its lifting functions.
Disassembled hydraulic jack
Before filling the device with fresh working fluid, it is necessary to dispose of the old waste oil. To do this, you need to unscrew the plug from the oil reservoir. First, you need to substitute a container for collecting "mining".
After waiting a couple of minutes, flushing liquid is poured into the device. Its cost is about 180 rubles. By pumping the flushing through the hydraulic channels, we get rid of unnecessary air bubbles. When the flushing fluid begins to flow into the oil reservoir, there is no air left in the system.
Bleeding must be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. They are usually indicated in the instructions for use.
After draining the "flushing" into a special container, the liquid is passed in a circle for 1-2 additional times.
So you can be sure of the result. After that, we pump out the flushing.
Then you can fill in new oil. This operation is performed up to the level specified by the manufacturer. Lack of working fluid can adversely affect the function of the jack. He just won't dial required power... Filling is carried out, as a rule, with the working rod fully lowered. Turn the bleed screw all the way to lower the jack as much as possible.
Schematic device of a hydraulic jack
The oil will gradually fill all working volumes. Therefore, it is necessary to wait a few minutes until it is completely distributed throughout the system, and after that, if necessary, to top it up again to the operating level. And so we top up several times.
One of the signs that the required fluid level has been set in the system is the absence of air bubbles on the oil surface during pumping.
Use and storage after repair
When there is a working oil level in the reservoir, the jack is completely ready for use. It is only necessary to tightly close the tank lid. No other preparatory or additional procedures are required.
To use the device in winter period, it is advisable to use synthetic oils.
They often have better readings in cold weather than mineral fluids. If it becomes necessary to use a jack at low temperatures, then it is advisable not to use it for a long time, since the oil changes its properties at low temperatures. Its viscosity increases and frictional properties decrease.
This will prevent oil leakage. It is preferable to choose a storage location with a positive constant temperature in order to avoid the formation of condensation and the appearance of rust on the work surfaces.