Many industries today use the machine tools of the milling and engraving group. Almost every woodworking enterprise, large furniture factory or a small private workshop for the manufacture of furniture, necessarily equipped with CNC milling centers.
When choosing equipment, production owners understand that it is quite difficult to choose and purchase a unit. Here it is necessary to take into account a lot of nuances that will help to avoid misunderstandings and problems during the operation of the equipment.
If you decide to buy a milling machine of a certain model, you should set further tasks for it, since with mounted equipment it will be difficult, and sometimes impossible, to configure most of the options.
If you already know which design you need, you also need to choose the appropriate components, in particular the supporting-guide group of equipment. The quality of the manufactured products directly depends on the accuracy of this device and its geometric integrity.
The type of guides is determined at the design stage of the machine and is displayed in technical documentation supplied with the equipment. All types of this equipment are mounted on a fixed unit of the machine, and moving parts move along them.
If in the machine, as guides, profile rails, the convenience of their use lies in the fact that the oil seals, bearings, anthers, nipples in the structure can be lubricated using the connected lubrication system.
Besides, profile rails, fixed on the bed, they have special tracks in which the rolling elements are located. The load on the carriage moving along the rails with the movable elements of the machine is evenly distributed along the raceways, setting the contact profile of the ball and the rails in the form of an arc.
Choosing a CNC Router Engraving Machine profile rails, you will get equipment with no or low backlash. At the same time, high processing accuracy, increased carrying capacity, and high wear resistance of the machine unit are guaranteed.
Some users point out the rather high cost of such a machine. This is due to the increased quality of this type of product, which, accordingly, has a positive effect on the quality of the final product.
It is this type of guide that is used for the production of machines that provide high-quality milling, working in extreme conditions.
Manufacturers of milling and engraving machine tools also produce designs in which guides are polished shafts. This kind components are relatively inexpensive, so the models of such machines have become more affordable due to their low cost. The main condition for the durability and strength of the shaft is the material for manufacture. High-alloy steel is preferred. The product must undergo a process of induction surface hardening and special grinding.
Subject to these conditions polished shafts have a perfectly smooth surface, which ensures their movement with the least degree of friction. Correctly carried out hardening ensures the durability of the structure in operation and durable wear resistance.
This type guides are more reliable and easy to operate. However, the increased load on the equipment leads to heating of the surface during friction, and therefore to losses and a decrease in the resources of the unit.
The grinding shafts are easy to install. To mount them, you need Smooth surface on which they are attached in two places. The specialists working on this equipment note this way fastening as one of its disadvantages. The fragility of the equipment and a high degree of backlash at the bushings are also noted.
The fastening of gantry machines must be rigid in relation to the table surface. When processing the material, errors may occur, due to the fact that the guides will bend together with the table surface due to the increased load.
Guides of a circular profile are used in places with reduced movement activity. This is due to the lack of systems for internal lubrication, so this operation is performed manually.
Polished shafts used in machine tools about 1 meter long. This is due to the possible sagging of the structure, which will definitely negatively affect the final result of production. When simulating the load on the shaft, it is also necessary to observe the ratio of the length of the accessory element to its diameter. This compliance provides more accurate linear movements.
In some models, moving carriages are mounted on cylindrical rails... This type of guides ensures that there is no deflection during the movement of the carriage. This function is associated with the use of a special mount that fixes the guide on the bed. The linear bushings, which are housed in an aluminum cylinder, are held in place by spring rings. The weight of the guides is quite low due to the use of aluminum. During operation, low friction losses are observed, and high processing accuracy with smooth movement is also noted.
Cylindrical rails rest on the frame along its entire length. Therefore, when using them, no sagging is observed, moreover, the carrying capacity increases. However, it should be noted that the carriages installed on this type of guide do not accept loads directed in different directions in the same way. This is due to the device of the linear bushings, closed along the contour. Practice proves that sometimes equipment installed on cylindrical guides does not show high accuracy.
Construction of movable machine units mounted on cylindrical rails, should with high precision position and provide the required quality. This type of guides can fulfill these requirements only at low loads, respectively, the load capacity will be low. Therefore, cylindrical guiding equipment is used in the design of milling machines of a more simplified type, which are installed in workshops and in industries with small volumes of output.
I had to transport the machine from home to the workshop, all the alignment fell off, and I did not like the early result of aligning and installing the guides.
The essence of the method is simple, we stretch the strings along the surface of the rail installation, and fill it with some flowing polymer, wait for solidification and install the rail. As a placeholder, the choice fell on epoxy resin, from the advantages of low shrinkage and availability, hardness can be adjusted by the amount of hardener. Some kind of equipment was needed to tighten and align the strings. I used 0.8 mm electrowelded wire as strings. The number of strings for the 20th profile is about 14-16 pieces. The rail was glued to the leveled surface, thereby removing the voids between the surface and the rail. The horizontal alignment of the rail was controlled by means of a fishing line, although when tensioning the strings, an alignment side of a thicker wire can be provided.
The result satisfies, subjectively 3+, in any case easier and more accurate than different kinds pouring over the formwork, laying foil. The carriages move smoothly, the installation accuracy in all directions is not less than 0.1 mm. by 2500 mm., but most importantly, we managed to get rid of wandering clockwise and counterclockwise along the axis of movement of the carriage, the deviation was within 0.3-0.4 mm. with a sidewall height of 400 mm. from the rail along the entire length of the guide, i.e. 2500 mm., Respectively, the diagonals between the sidewalls of the X axis did not differ at the beginning and end of the table.
For those who want to repeat this venture, the following recommendations:
The bed must be stiff enough because each string is stretched under 30 kg., the yield point of an electrowelded wire will lie between 600-1000 MPa, i.e. 30-50 kg. mm. square. Accordingly, 14 stones of 30 kg. we get about 420 kg. stretching. A flimsy construction can lead.
We try to pretension the wire more evenly.
It was absolutely impossible to get rid of the vertical drop between the strings, it's okay, the most important thing is that the rail lies strictly along the strings.
Do not tighten the rail as much as possible on a leveled surface, in order to avoid pushing through the polymer wire.
Observe TB, when re-tensioning the string shoots very well, it will not be superfluous to lay something at the beginning, in the middle and at the end.
We observe the gap between the string and the surface, the less, the better, the string should not touch the surface.
In general, there are already too many beeches, there are still many nuances.
The rest is in the photo.Wire fixation
Wire tension
Level setting
Wire pouring
So we smoothly and got to the third, final guide to creating a CNC machine tool. She will be saturated useful information about setting up electronics, machine control program, and machine calibration.
Please be patient - there will be a lot of letters!
Software
Since we will not be able to fully check the assembled controller without a computer with a tuned machine control program, let's start with it. At this stage, no tools are needed, you just need a computer with an LPT port, hands and a head.There are several programs for controlling a CNC machine tool with the ability to download the control code, for example, Kcam, Desk CNC, Mach, Turbo CNC(under DOS), and even an operating system optimized for working with a CNC machine tool - Linux CNC.
My choice fell on Mach and in the article I will only consider this program. I will explain my choice and describe several advantages of this program.
Mach has been on the market for several years and has established itself as a very worthy solution for controlling CNC machine tools.
- Most people use Mach 2/3 to control their home machine.
- Due to its popularity, there is quite a lot of information on the Internet about this program, possible problems and recommendations on how to fix them.
- Detailed manual in Russian
- Ability to install on weak. I have Mach 3 installed on a Celeron 733 with 256MB of RAM and everything works great.
- And most importantly - full compatibility with Windows XP, unlike, for example, Turbo CNC, which is sharpened for DOS, although TurboCNC is even less demanding on hardware.
I think this is more than enough to opt for Mach_e, but no one forbids trying other software. Perhaps it will suit you better. I should also mention the fact that there is a driver for compatibility with Windows 7. I tried this contraption, but it did not work out very well. Perhaps due to the fatigue of the system - it is already two years old and overgrown with all unnecessary garbage, and it is recommended to install Mach on a fresh system and use this computer only for working with the machine. In general, everything seems to work, but the motors regularly skip steps, while on a computer with XP, the same version of Mac behaves remarkably.
Consider only the X-axis, and the rest you yourself will configure according to the same principle. Parameter Steps per indicates how many steps your engine takes to complete a revolution. The standard stepper motor has a step equal to 1.8 degrees, i.e. we divide 360 g (full revolution) by 1.8 and get 200. Thus, we found that the engine in STEP mode turns 360 g in 200 steps. We write this number in the Steps per field. Accordingly, in the HALF-STEP mode there will be not 200, but 2 times more - 400 steps. What to write in the Steps per field, 200 or 400, depends on which mode your controller is in. Later, when we connect to the machine and calibrate, we will change this parameter, but for now, set it to 200 or 400.
Velocity- given maximum speed movement of the portal. I have 1000 for reliability, but when I work I decrease or increase it right on the go in the main window of the Mac. In general, it is recommended to enter here a number that is 20-40% less of the maximum possible that your engine can produce without skipping steps.
Paragraph Acceleration- acceleration. The value entered in this line, as well as the speed, depends on your engine and power supply. Too little acceleration will significantly increase the processing time of a figure of complex shape and relief, too high increases the risk of skipping steps at the start because the engine will jerk off. In general, this parameter is set experimentally. From my experience 200-250 optimal value.
Step pulse and Dir pulse... From 1 to 5, but may be more. In case your controller is not very well assembled and then stable operation is possible with a longer time interval.
I forgot to say that most likely every time you start Mac, the Reset button will flash. Click on it, otherwise it will not allow you to do anything.
Uff. Well, now let's try to download the control program, an example of which you can download at the end of the article. Push the button Load G-Code or go to the menu File / Load G-Code to whom it is more convenient and the window for opening the control program appears.
UE is a regular text file in which coordinates are written in a column. As you can see in the list of supported file types, there is a txt format, therefore it can be opened and edited with a regular notepad, like files with the nc, ncc, tap extensions. You can correct the G-code in the program itself, by pressing the button Edit G-Code.
We load the UP and see that the code appears in the left window, and the outline of the shape that we will cut in the right window.
To start processing, all that remains is to press the green button Cycle Start which we do. Numbers ran in the coordinate window, and a virtual spindle moved along the picture, which means that the processing process has begun successfully and our virtual machine (for now) has begun to process the part.
If for some reason you need to pause the machine, press Stop. To continue, press Cycle Start again and processing will continue from the same place. I was interrupted several times during the rain, when it was necessary to turn off and cover the machine.
Change of speed is carried out by buttons "+" "-" in the column Feed Rate, and is initially equal to 100% of the speed set in Motor Tuning. Here you can adjust the speed of movement of the portal for certain processing conditions. The speed is regulated in a very wide range from 10 to 300%.
That's basically all about setting up Mach3, I hope I haven't forgotten anything. A little later, when we will calibrate and run the machine, I will tell you about some of the necessary settings. Now take tea, coffee, a cigarette (whatever you like) and arrange a moment of rest for yourself to start setting up the electronics of the machine with renewed vigor and a fresh mind.
It is advisable to do this with the spindle installed. it is unlikely that at home you will be able to make an absolutely even spindle mount and also screw it evenly to the Z axis.
Let's say you now align the Z axis, and when you make the mount and install the spindle, you will be surprised how crooked it will be there. The first thing to do is to fix the drill or cutter in the chuck. Now we translate the portal to any place of our working (coordinate) table and look with a square to see if we have 90 degrees between the table and the cutter. Depending on the design of the spindle mounting and the Z axis itself, adjust the position of the cutter, and having achieved the desired result, fix the spindle in this position.
Well, one more adjustment is to check whether your machine can draw a right angle when you tell it to do it. Otherwise, you might end up with this.
For myself, I have deduced two ways how this can be checked and adjusted, I will describe both of them.
1 - This is the most versatile cutter - a 3mm chipped and reground drill. In the absence of other cutters, it is used for both roughing and finishing. A huge plus of this cutter is its cheapness, of the minuses: it is impossible to sharpen it correctly, and a very limited resource. Literally a couple of small pictures, after which she starts to burn the tree. Not very much follows from all this. good quality of the work performed, followed by mandatory refinement with sandpaper, and you will have to sand a lot.
2 - Straight two-way cutter 3.175 and 2 mm. It is generally used for removing the rough layer of small workpieces, but if necessary, it can be used as a finishing one.
3 - Conical cutters 3, 2, and 1.5 mm. Application - finishing. The diameter determines the quality and detail of the final result. With a 1.5 mm cutter, the quality will be better than with a 3 mm, but the processing time will increase noticeably. The use of conical cutters for finishing, practically does not require after itself additional processing sandpaper.
4 - Conical engraver. It is used for engraving, and the alloy from which it is made allows for engraving, including on metal. Another application is processing very small parts which the taper cutter does not allow.
5 - Direct engraver. Used for nesting or cutting. For example, you need to cut ... the letter "A" from a 5 mm plywood sheet. Install the straight engraver into the spindle and here's a CNC jigsaw . I used it instead of a straight cutter when it broke. The processing quality is quite normal, but it periodically winds up long chips. You need to be on the lookout.
All of the above cutters were with a 3.175 mm shank, and now they are heavy artillery.
6 - Straight and tapered cutters 8 mm. The application is the same as for 3 mm cutters, but for larger-scale work. Processing times are significantly reduced, but unfortunately they are not suitable for small workpieces.
All this is only a small part of the number of cutters that can be used in the CNC to perform various tasks. Beginners cannot help but warn about the considerable cost of good cutters. For example, the above-described 8 mm high-speed steel cutters cost about 700r. A carbide cutter is 2 times more expensive. So toys with CNC do not turn out to be among the cheapest hobbies.
Photos
I am posting for your judgment a few photos of what I managed to do in a couple of summer months.First trial pancake. Milling cutter number 1. Scary huh? And if the rest is of the same quality)))
The first serious test for the machine. Dimensions 17 by 25 cm. The height of the relief is 10 mm, the time taken is 4 hours.
As well next job, this one is made with the same milling cutter # 1. As you can see, the result is quite tolerable.
And here the cutter became dull, and the tree began to burn.
Tried what a conical engraver is capable of.
The sister asked to cut her dog. Roughing - cutter No. 2 3 mm, finishing cutter No. 3 3 mm. Relief 6 mm, processing time about 1.5 hours.
House signs. The relief is 10 mm, but already concave. this significantly reduces processing time. Not the entire area is processed, but only the inscription. The processing time is about 2 hours, with a milling cutter No. 5 (straight engraver).
My attempt to make a volumetric wooden photo... I made a mistake in pairing a man and a tree, but in general, it seems to me that it turned out well. Roughing - straight cutter 3 mm, finishing conical 2 mm. The relief is 5 mm, but I don't remember the processing time.
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To participate in the voting, register and enter the site with your username and password.This article is based on the THK rails of the LM series, however, the principles are the same for all types of profile guides and can be applied to any series of THK and Hiwin rails, so the installation of a HIWIN rail is no different from the process below.
Main rail marking and combined use
All rails installed in the same plane are marked with the same serial number. Of these rails, the main rail is marked KV after the serial number. The base surface of the carriage on the main rail is machined to the required precision, so that the surface can serve as the base mounting surface of the table. (see fig.)
Main guide LM:
Auxiliary LM Guide
Guides of normal accuracy class are not marked with KB. Therefore, any of the rails with the same serial numbers can serve as the main rail.
In the rail, the base surface of the carriage is opposite to the surface marked with the THK logo, and the base surface of the rail is marked with a line (see figure below).
If it is necessary to change the reference surface of the rail and carriage, or to reverse the grease nipple, indicate this.
Serial number marking and combined use of rail and carriages
In order for the installation of the rail guides to be possible and made correctly, pay attention to some important details... Rails and LM block (s) used together must have the same serial number. When removing the carriage from the rail and reinstalling the carriage, make sure the serial numbers match and the numbers point in the same direction.
Using connected rails
When ordering a long rail, the required length will be obtained by connecting two or more rails. When connecting the rails, make sure that the connection markings shown in the figure are positioned correctly:
With the parallel arrangement of two guides with connected rails, these guides are made in such a way that they are aligned axisymmetrically.
Installation procedure
An example of installing a guide in the presence of a shock load on a machine, which places high demands on rigidity and accuracy
Installation of rails (Hiwin and other brands)
Installation of carriages
This method saves time and ensures the straightness of the rail, as well as avoids machining the dowel pins, which significantly reduces the labor intensity of installation.
Modern processing of materials and the manufacture of complex parts requires the use of high-precision machine tools. High-precision equipment means that the parts from which it is made are also high-tech and accurate. And each type of machine has its own requirements for these parts.
To achieve the required processing accuracy of a whole batch of products, it is necessary to ensure that all necessary operations and their repeated error-free repetition. This task is successfully performed by computer numerical control (CNC) machines.
The movement of the workpiece, the processing tool and related elements of the machine structure provides guides.
Device
The most general description guide: it is a unit that ensures the movement of the workpiece, tool and related elements along the desired path with a given accuracy.
Main parts guide — robust shaft or profile guide and movable units moving along them carrying the working elements of the machine.
Constructive decisions guide, as well as ensuring movement along it is very varied and are subordinated to the implementation of specific tasks of metalworking.
Hiwin profile rail device
Work principles
The guides of the CNC machine are fixed to such an extent reliably that even their minimal shifts during the operation of the equipment are excluded - under the influence of weight, movement or vibration of the working units.
In the process of processing workpieces along the guides, under the control of a given program, the functional units of the machine are easily moved and firmly fixed, ensuring the performance of the necessary working operations.
Used, depending on the method of moving the movable unit, the guides sliding, rolling and combined which combine both rolling and sliding movement.
Slide guides, in which the surface of the shaft is in direct contact with the sleeve moving along it, are subject to the action of significant frictional forces, which in the process of work change significantly in direction and force. Frictional load will wear out the guides. In addition, the difference between the frictional force at rest and the frictional force during movement greatly affects the operation of the sliding guides.
At low speeds, due to this difference, the movement of the working units occurs in an abrupt manner - this is unacceptable for CNC machines.
To reduce the influence of friction forces, anti-friction plastic linings are used, as well as a number of other ways to reduce these forces. Depending on how friction is reduced, slide guides are subdivided into hydrostatic, hydrodynamic and aerostatic.
V hydrostatic liquid (oil) lubrication is present at any sliding speed, respectively, the uniformity of movement and its high accuracy are ensured.
These guides have two problematic points: difficult arranged system lubrication, as well as the need for special locking devices to secure the displaced unit in the desired position.
The hydrostatic guides are equipped with special oil pockets, into which the lubricant is supplied under pressure and flows out, creating an oil layer along the entire length of contact between the surfaces. The layer thickness is adjustable.
Hydrodynamic effectively reduce friction due to the "floating" of the moving unit in the oil filling the gaps between the lubricating grooves on the working surfaces of the guides when moving units along them.
Hydrodynamic guides work well only at significant sliding speeds.
The problematic moments are acceleration, as well as braking of the moving part.
Aerodynamic work on an air cushion.
Structurally, they are similar to hydrostatic ones, they have pockets into which air is supplied under pressure.
Compared to oil, air bag withstands less weight and dampens shocks and vibrations worse.
The air supply paths, as well as the gap between the surfaces to be divided, are easily clogged.
At the same time, unlike hydrostatic guides, aerostatic guides do not need additional fixation: immediately after the air supply is stopped, the moving part fits tightly onto the shaft.
Rolling guides, in accordance with the shape of the bearings, there are ball and roller. With comparable dimensions, roller bearings can withstand a greater load. Structurally, they consist of a set of "rail-carriage", "linear bearing-shaft", "rail-rail with a flat cage".
Such guides have reduced friction indicators, provide accurate movement and stop in the desired position, at low speeds, movement along them does not lose smoothness. Lubrication of the rolling guides is also straightforward.
At the same time, they are more expensive, less shock absorbing and more sensitive than slideways to contamination.
Combined guides combine sliding on one side with sliding on the other. This type of guide is the most widespread and combines both the advantages and disadvantages of rolling and sliding guides.
Classification, areas of application, advantages and disadvantages
The shape of the bearing shaft of the guides can be linear and circular; they are placed horizontally, vertically and obliquely. The guides are fastened either along the entire length, or only at the end sections.
Linear guides are subdivided according to the shaft profile
Cylindrical rails ( polished shaft). The sectional shape is a circle. Polished shaft is the most budgetary and widespread guide, easy to handle and install: only the ends are fixed. The surface of such a shaft is hardened, its smoothness is almost perfect, the movement of the bearing couplings on this surface occurs with very little friction.
However, where the advantages are, the disadvantages are also rooted: the ease of fastening is, at the same time, the lack of a rigid connection with the desktop and sagging in the case of considerable length and / or load.
The set "ball bearing-polished shaft" has a low price. In this case, for movable bushings low carrying capacity... As a rule, there is backlash, which increases with use. Service life under normal temperature conditions is 10,000 hours, but when heated working area is significantly reduced.
It has profiled straight grooves, grooves, raceways, along the entire length, designed for additional fastening of the bushings moving along the shaft with the working units of the machine. At the same time, the backlash, in comparison with the polished shaft, is significantly reduced and, due to the more complex manufacturing technology, the price of such guides increases.
Guides with flat by rails rectangular section, as a rule, are profiled with splines for the applied rolling elements.
So, ball profile guides provide precision movement valid straightforwardness, carrying capacity... They have low backlash... They wear-resistant. They are used for completing robotic lines, in metal-cutting machines and precision metalworking
At the same time, it is rather difficult to install such rails; high requirements for straightness and roughness. In terms of cost, due to the complexity of production, they are much less affordable than polished shafts.
Roller profile guides have flat raceways. Rollers are installed in the support modules. Even more load-bearing, stiffer and more durable than ball splines. Used in milling machines with high load.
Prismatic dovetail guide
Prismatic guides with triangular rails and guides "dovetail" with a trapezoidal section are used where needed high rigidity joints, for example, in metal-cutting machines.
In particular, dovetail guides are carried out with the bed as one whole. Manufacturing, as well as repair " dovetail"- complex procedures that require a lot of labor. However, they provide high-precision movement of moving elements.
Specifications
Due to their design, the guides provide only one degree of freedom when moving the movable unit along them.
According to the "type of activity" they must have high strength and durability.
That's why basic materials for making them support parts(shafts and rails) are:
gray cast iron... It is used in the manufacture of guides that are integral with the bed.
Steel. It is used for the manufacture of removable overhead guides. They use hardened steels with high hardness (60-64HRC), for example, grade 40X with high-frequency current hardening.
The production of guides provides for such a length that provides full coverage of the bed or build-up to the required dimensions.
Accuracy standards in the manufacture guides are standardized and constitute 0.02mm permissible deviation with a length of 1 meter.
The permissible surface roughness and dimensions according to the workload.
In particular, on small machines with a working field of 30x40 cm, the diameter of the guides should be 2.5 cm.
The area of the working field and the hardness of the material to be processed also determine the required class of guides. So, with a working area of over 0.7 m 2 with the processing of steel blanks, only profile rails are required. More a budget option a polished shaft is unsuitable in this case.
For each specific area of work, according to the developed algorithms, a calculation is carried out that determines the best option parameters of the guides of the machine.
To reduce the coefficient of friction, sliding pairs "metal-plastic" are used, and the plastic attachments are fluoroplastic, Teflon, torsite and similar materials.
To ensure smooth movement of hydrostatic and combined guides, specialized "anti-sway" oils are used.
Installation
Correct and accurate installation of the guides of the CNC machine is the key to its trouble-free operation.
Therefore, before starting this operation, remove all contaminants from the edges and the plane of the base mounting surface, which should have a strictly horizontal, level-verified location.
Consider installation of a double-rail guide.
Select, according to the markings on it, the main rail.
If the base rail is attached to the side edge of the base surface, it is carefully placed on the supporting surface and temporarily bolted in a position slightly pressed against the side edge.
In this case, the mark on the rail is aligned with the lateral base surface of the support. The mounting holes of the rail must not be offset from the base holes.
Then the screws holding the rail are tightened in order so that the rail is firmly pressed against the side bearing surface.
This eliminates the displacement in the horizontal plane.
Then tighten the set bolts (vertical) in order from the middle to the ends of the rail. In this case, the required tightening torque is determined with a torque wrench.
If the main rail has no clamping screws that provide lateral fastening, it is installed using a vice.
The fixing bolts are tightened temporarily, and then, pressing the rail with a small vice against the base side edge where the set bolts are located, fully tighten these bolts to the prescribed torque, moving from one end of the rail to the other.
In that case, if there is no reference edge on the side of the main rail, its alignment in the horizontal plane is carried out using a sighting level, a digital indicator or a straightedge.
After correct installation main rail, an auxiliary rail is installed parallel to it.
In this case, use straightedge... It is placed parallel to the main guide; parallelism is determined by a digital indicator. After parallelism has been achieved, the bolts of the auxiliary rail are finally secured.
In addition, special ruler guides as well as aligning the position of the auxiliary rail using carriages from the set of rail guides.
To install the carriages, a table is placed on them and temporarily fixed with working bolts. Then the carriages are pressed from the side of the main rail to the side base surface of the table with fixing bolts and the table is installed. Then the set bolts on the main and sub side are fully tightened.
If the carriages are used for correct installation auxiliary rail on the main rail, then the table is placed on the carriages of the main rail, and the auxiliary rail is temporarily fixed.
The installation bolts of the two carriages on the main rail and one of the two carriages on the secondary rail are fully tightened.
The bolts on the auxiliary rail are then fully tightened in order while temporarily securing the second carriage to the auxiliary rail.
In this case, the main rail serves as a reference point, and the table with carriages - a parallelism indicator.
For processing large workpieces guides are extended to the required length by connecting several sections... Supplier companies specifically stipulate this possibility.
Butt joint sections are marked in such a way as to ensure consistent installation. In this case, the installation bolts are located closer to the ends of the sections to be connected.
The sections must be supported along their entire length.... Therefore, it may be necessary to build up the bed itself.
The build-up sections are carried out through the same installation procedures as the main ones.
Machining is one of the most detailed and diversely equipped manufacturing industries. A wide range of accessories is available for programmable machine tools.
Correct selection of the optimal constructive solution and the adjusted installation of the guides of the CNC machine is a reliable guarantee of the quality of metalworking on this machine.