2017 is an unusual year. It accounts for many anniversaries of famous historical figures and their equally popular "colleagues" who live at the same time with us. However, in the coming year, we will have to recall other significant events more than once! History, culture, science - 2017 has prepared at least one anniversary for each of these areas. Some of them are sad, some are not, but each deserves close attention. So, lovers of history, science and art, get out your pencils and mark on the calendar significant dates- there will be something to think about!
Anniversaries of historical events
870 years ago, Moscow was first mentioned in the annals870 years of the first mention of Moscow
From April 4, 1147, the Russian capital calculates its years. It was on this day that the first mention of the city of Moscow was recorded. It was preserved by the Ipatiev Chronicle. True, then the name looked a little different - it sounded like "Moskov". The chronicle tells that on this day Prince Yuri Dolgoruky received Svyatoslav Olgovich as a guest with his allies and friends. It was in "Moscow" that they all met.
680 years of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra
In 1337, not far from Moscow, on the Makovets hill, Sergius of Radonezh settled as a hermit. Like-minded people quickly began to join it, and just five years later, by 1342, a monastery appeared here, which today bears the name of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. However, it is customary to keep its history from the year when Father Sergius came to the holy places.
660 years of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery
Not many ancient churches outside the Kremlin have survived in Moscow. The oldest of them is located on the territory of the Spaso-Andronikov Monastery. The very first, then still a wooden church was erected in 1357, when the monastery was founded. The temple did not last long: after the fire, the wooden building was destroyed. In its place, the Savior Cathedral was erected - the most ancient of Moscow ones, except for the Kremlin ones.
620th Anniversaries
Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery will soon celebrate its 620th anniversary - Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery in 2017 will celebrate two round dates at once. The fact is that the followers of the teachings of Sergius of Radonezh settled here. And the monastery, founded by him, also celebrates the anniversary. The history of the Kirillo-Belozersk monastery begins with Kirill Belozersky, who in 1397 dug a cave near Siverskoye Lake and settled in it. Today the monastery is a museum reserve and is included in the list of especially valuable objects cultural heritage Russia.
- Sretensky monastery, formed all in the same year 1397, owes its appearance to a real miracle. Two years earlier, the Mongol troops under the leadership of Tamerlane attacked Moscow. To help the city, from Vladimir was sent to Moscow Vladimir icon Mother of God. Metropolitan of Kiev Cyprian with a procession of the cross went to meet the shrine. The icon arrived safely in Moscow, and a day later Tamerlane's troops changed course. In the place where the believers met the miraculous face - on the Kuchkov field - Prince Vasily I ordered to build a monastery.
530 years of the Moscow Kremlin
Now this fortress is a visiting card of the Russian capital. However, five and a half hundred years ago, it began to be built as a defensive structure. The first part of the palace was erected in the huge Kremlin ensemble. Two Italian architects, Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari, worked on its construction. Part of the ancient Kremlin has survived to this day: transfer to Moscow in the 15th century. can be in the Faceted Chamber.
520 years of the Russian coat of arms
Historians associate the use of the image of a two-headed eagle as the coat of arms of the Moscow principality with Tsar Ivan III. He acquired such a seal when the state finally gained complete independence from the oppression of the Golden Horde. In 1747, the tsar sealed with a new sign of letters, which were transferred to the appanage princes into the possession of the land. It is these papers that are considered the first documents on which the two-headed eagle was used as the state emblem. In the same year, his images adorned the Palace of Facets.
The coat of arms of Russia in the form of a two-headed eagle appeared 520 years ago 240 years to seven Russian cities
In 2017, seven cities across Russia will host celebrations dedicated to round dates. All these settlements will celebrate almost a quarter of a millennium! “Birthdays” will be celebrated by Stavropol, Cherepovets, Luga, Velikiye Luki, Petrozavodsk, Rybinsk and Pavlovsk (however, in 1777, when they were all founded, the latter was not a city, but the village of Pavlovskoye).
220th Anniversary of the Mikhailovsky Castle
On March 9, 1792, the Mikhailovsky (or Engineering) castle was solemnly laid in St. Petersburg, the residence of Emperor Paul I. It is interesting that this palace is the only one in the history of secular Russian architecture, which was named after the patron saint, and not the person for whom was built, or the area where it was. It owes its name to the temple of the Archangel Michael located in the castle. Mikhail is considered the patron of the Romanov dynasty. The castle, so beloved by the emperor, also became the place of his death. There is a legend that the spirit of Paul I now haunts the palace as a ghost.
220 years of the beginning of the departure from serfdom
On April 16, 1797, Paul I was crowned. On the same day, he issued a law according to which the serfs switched to a three-day corvee. The emperor's decision became fateful both for millions of people throughout the empire and for Russia itself. This order marked the beginning of the departure from serfdom, which ended six and a half decades later, in 1861.
150 years of American Alaska
March 30, 1867 Russian emperor Alexander II in Washington signed an agreement for the sale of the "Russian North American Colonies" to the United States. The document came into force a little less than six months later - in October it was ratified by the Russian Governing Senate. On October 18, the territories were officially transferred under the jurisdiction of the American side.
The purchase of Alaska cost the United States less than the construction of one building The deal cost America $ 7.2 million in gold. In terms of the 2009 exchange rate, this amount would be about 108 million dollars in gold. It's not expensive at all: around the same time, the first three-story building appeared in New York. It cost the city more than the huge territory bought from Russia, the whole country.
100 years of the October Revolution
On November 7, 1917 (October 25, old style, hence the name), a coup d'etat took place in Petrograd. The Provisional Government was overthrown by the participants (mainly the Bolsheviks and Left SRs) under the leadership of Lenin, Trotsky and Sverdlov. Further events - the Civil War, the establishment of the power of the Soviets, etc. - completely turned the history of Russia and became, perhaps, the largest historical event of the 20th century, as they influenced the course of the entire world history.
80 years of the "Great Terror"
The darkest of 2017 anniversaries. 80 years ago, on July 30, 1937, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR issued the notorious Order No. 00447. The document ordered to carry out an operation to repress "anti-Soviet elements". The list includes all former kulaks, members of Cossack and White Guard organizations, criminals, etc. The most dangerous of them were supposed to be shot, the rest to be repressed. The order marked the beginning of a huge tragedy.
A total of 770 thousand people fell into the meat grinder of Stalin's repressions from August 37th to November 38th. 390 thousand of them died and 380 thousand ended up in the GULAG. The planned figure was several times less - about 270 thousand people. Information about the Great Terror remained classified for almost 60 years. The bloody order got into the press only in June, and other documents - in July 1992. The victims of the Stalinist terror in Russia are remembered on October 30, the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repression.
Anniversaries in the field of culture, science and society
340 years ago, the first machine in Russia for printing sheet music was manufactured 340 years of Russian music printing
Simon Matveyevich Gutovsky is a prominent figure in the history of Russian culture. A Pole by birth, he served for many years at the royal court. He worked in the Armory, was engaged in the manufacture of large organs for the boyars and the Kremlin, and also became the organizer of an orchestra of serf musicians, which played in the local theater. But, in addition, he became famous as a person who opened the way for Russian music printing. The first machine in Russia for making copper engravings was built by the hands of Simon Gutovsky. Later, notes were also printed on it. This event dates back to 1677.
330th Anniversary of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy
In 1687, higher education began in Russia. It was then that the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy was opened in Moscow. Subsequently, she will give Russia such remarkable figures of culture, science and art as Mikhail Lomonosov, Antioch Kantemir, Vasily Bazhenov, Pyotr Postnikov and others. Initiated the organization of the educational institution Simeon Polotsky, poet and teacher, teacher of imperial children and a graduate of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy.
Also, an important role in the creation of the academy was played by his student, the first Russian bibliographer Simeon. Children from all classes could study at the institution. Already 14 years after the opening, the academy received the status of a state one. He was favored by Peter I. The largest Russian library at that time, as well as one of the first theaters, functioned at the academy.
140 years of "Swan Lake"
It is not enough to call this ballet a masterpiece - Swan Lake has become one of the iconic works of world ballet and secured Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky a place on the list greatest composers of all times and peoples. The premiere of the production took place on March 4, 1877. The play, staged by Wenzel Reisinger, was shown at the Bolshoi Theater, but failed.
Legendary ballet "Swan Lake" will celebrate its 140th anniversary The ballet went through yet another version - by Joseph Hansen - until a successful classical one appeared. It was presented in January 1885 at the Mariinsky Theater by Marius Petipa and Lev Ivanov. Today Swan Lake is on the list of the most popular ballets - it is staged almost most often. In 2010, director Darren Aronofsky directed the thriller Black Swan, where the main characters vie for the right to dance in Swan Lake.
During the conflict, one of the girls goes crazy. Natalie Portman, Mila Kunis and Vincent Cassel played the main roles in the film. Portman received four awards for him - Oscar, Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild Award and Saturn. The latter was also awarded to Kunis for the supporting role. Clint Mansell wrote a musical variation on the theme of Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake for Aronofsky's painting.
110 years of electronic television patent
On July 25, 1907, the physicist and teacher Boris Lvovich Rosing applied for a patent for what is now called television. The scientist himself defined his invention as "A method of electrical transmission of an image over a distance." Three and a half years later, the permit was issued. During this time, Rosing managed to patent his invention also in England and Germany. And a year later, he finalized the original scheme and received the first image on a kinescope of his own invention. This day is considered the beginning of the TV era.
90 years of exhibitions in cosmonautics
Moscow turned out to be a pioneer of space exhibitions. On April 21, 1927, the First World Exhibition of Interplanetary Vehicles, Mechanisms, Instruments and Historical Materials was opened in the Russian capital. The event was non-state, and was organized by Alexander Fedorov, a friend of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, in order to draw attention to the ideas of the latter. For two months on Tverskaya, inventions of Tsiolkovsky himself, Nikolai Kibalchich, their foreign colleagues Robert Goddard, Max Valle, Hermann Obert from the USA, France and Romania, respectively, were exhibited.
80 years of the Kievskaya metro station
In March 1937, a new station of the Filyovskaya line, named "Kievskaya", was solemnly opened in the Moscow metro. Initially, the lobby was decorated in yellow-blue tones and decorated with Ukrainian ornaments. In 2014, repairs began at the station. According to the plans of the local authorities, after the restoration the hall will regain its appearance of the 30s. In the same year, the Smolensk metro bridge was put into operation, connecting the "Kiev" and "Smolenskaya".
60th Anniversary
The famous monument to Pushkin in St. Petersburg - On June 19, 1957, a monument to Pushkin was opened in what was then Leningrad. The monument was erected to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the city. The first competition for the model of the monument was announced back in 1937, but no worthy option was found. The issue was resolved when in 1949, already for the fourth round of the competition, the sculptor Mikhail Anikushin submitted an application. It was he who was destined to become the author of the most famous monument that adorns the St. Petersburg Arts Square.
- On July 31 of the same year, the Union adopted a resolution "On the development of housing construction in the USSR" - and they appeared in the country. From now on, all cities big country will look the same - covered with a dense mesh of "boxes" four to five stories high.
- On August 25, the legendary "Rocket" set off on its first water "flight". The first motor ship swept from Gorky to Kazan and covered 420 km in seven hours. However, this transport was loved not only and not so much for its speed as for the large open area at the stern. Walks on the "Rocket" became one of the favorite family entertainment for many residents of the Union, within whose reach there was a suitable navigable river.
- On October 4, a grandiose breakthrough happened - Sputnik-1 was launched into space. He became the first artificial earth satellite in history. Difficult work led by Sergei Korolev and his team: Mstislav Keldysh, Mikhail Tikhonravov, Gleb Maksimov and others. Now this day is considered the beginning of world cosmonautics. In Russia, October 4 is celebrated as a holiday - the Day of Space Forces.
- In the same year, Soviet readers for the first time picked up a book about Carlson, who lives on the roof. In 1957, its translation into Russian appeared. Lilianna Lungina took over the transfer of Astrid Lindgren's text. After her translation, two more appeared: Lyudmila Braude and Eduard Uspensky. However, Lungina's translation is still considered a classic. The first performances about a funny uncle with a propeller on his back appeared in the 60s, and the first cartoon - "Kid and Carlson" - came out in 1968, 11 years after the book was published.
50th Anniversaries
The film "Prisoner of the Caucasus" will soon turn half a century! - On April Fool's Day, April 1, 1967, a film was released, the popularity of which has not fallen to this day - for half a century! It is about Leonid Gaidai's comedy masterpiece "Prisoner of the Caucasus, or Shurik's New Adventures." New - because this picture was preceded by "Operation" Y ". As in the first film, the main character is the romantic idiot Shurik, and in the background there is a colorful trinity: Coward, Goonies and Experienced. The picture gained immense popularity, many phrases from it became winged, and from the trinity they drew characters for the cartoon "The Bremen Town Musicians". Interestingly, in 2014, director Maxim Voronkov decided to shoot a remake of Gaidaev's comedy. The picture turned out to be an absolute failure. It was criticized by all the leading publications in the country, the gross was 180 thousand dollars (with a budget of 3.5 million), and in the rating of one of the popular portals about cinema, Voronkov's remake took an undesirable second place from the end.
- On April 23 of the same year, Soyuz-1 was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome, which became the first Soviet manned spacecraft. The aircraft was controlled by Vladimir Mikhailovich Komarov (by the way, Yuri Gagarin was trained as a backup for the flight). The apparatus had a double mission. First, it had to experience manned flight. Secondly, after Soyuz-1, Soyuz-2 with three cosmonauts on board was to be launched. The two vehicles were to be docked. However, already during takeoff on the "Soyuz-1" there were some problems. One of the solar panels did not open, and the ship, due to a lack of electricity, left orbit. And already in the atmosphere, the parachute did not work. Soyuz-1 crashed, the pilot was killed. In view of the failures that had been observed since the beginning of the flight, the launch of Soyuz-2 was canceled. Despite the tragic outcome, the Soyuz-1 flight became a landmark event in the development of Soviet, Russian and world cosmonautics.
- On November 4, 1967, the construction of the Ostankino TV tower was completed. It bears the title of the tallest building in Europe - 540.1 m. At the time of commissioning, it was the tallest structure in the world. Now the tower transmits signals from more than 20 TV channels and multiplexes and the same number of radio stations. In addition, the building houses a 750-seat concert hall and two observation decks. The closed one is located at an altitude of 337 m, the open one - at an altitude of 340 m. The chief designer of the tower was Nikolai Nikitin. He was inspired by the lily flower, which, upside down, became the prototype for the tower.
- 130 years ago, the novel by A.K. Doyle's Study in Crimson Tones (1887);
- 100 years ago, the RSFSR was formed (1917), now the Russian Federation;
- 55 years ago, the novel by A.I. Solzhenitsyn's One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962);
- 20 years ago the all-Russian state channel "Culture" went on the air (1997);
November 3, 2017 - 220 years since the birth of A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky (1797-1837), Russian writer, critic, Decembrist;
November 3, 2017 - 135 years since the birth of Y. Kolas (1882-1956), Belarusian writer, poet and translator;
November 3, 2017 - 130 years since the birth of S.Ya. Marshak (1887-1964), Russian poet, playwright and translator;
November 4, 2017 - National Unity Day. This holiday was established in honor of an important event in the history of Russia - the liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders in 1612.
November 6, 2017 - 165 years since the birth of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak (1852-1912), Russian writer;
November 7, 2017 - 90 years since the birth of D.M. Balashov (1927-2000), Russian writer, folklorist, publicist;
November 7, 2017 - Day of Accord and Reconciliation. Day October revolution... Day of the military parade on Red Square in the city of Moscow to commemorate the twenty-fourth anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution (1941).
November 8, 2017 - International KVN Day (since 2001). The idea of the holiday was proposed by the president of the international club KVN Alexander Maslyakov. The date of the celebration was chosen to commemorate the anniversary of the first game of the Cheerful and Resourceful Club, which aired on November 8, 1961.
November 9, 2017 - 180th anniversary of the birth of Emile Gaboriau (1832-1873), French writer;
November 11, 2017 - 95th anniversary of the birth of Kurt Vonnegut (1922-2007), American novelist;
November 13, 2017 - International Day of the Blind. On November 13, 1745, Valentin Gayuy was born in France, a famous teacher who founded several schools and enterprises for the blind in Paris and St. Petersburg. According to the decision of the World Health Organization, this date became the basis for the International Day of the Blind.
November 14, 2017 - 110 years since the birth of Astrid Lindgren (1907-2002), Swedish writer;
November 15, 2017 - 155 years since the birth of Gerhart Hauptmann (1862-1946), German playwright and novelist;
November 16, 2017 - No Smoking Day (celebrated on the third Thursday in November). It was established by the American Cancer Society in 1977.
November 18, 2017 - 230 years since the birth of Louis Daguerre (1787-1851), French artist, inventor, one of the creators of photography;
November 18, 2017 - 90 years since the birth of E.A. Ryazanov (1927-2015), Russian director, screenwriter, poet;
November 20, 2017 - 80 years since the birth of V.S. Tokareva (1937), Russian prose writer, screenwriter;
November 21, 2017 - World Greetings Day (since 1973). This holiday was invented by two brothers - Michael and Brion McCormack from American state Nebraska in 1973. In this holiday game, the rules are very simple: just say hello to ten strangers that day.
November 24, 2017 - 385 years since the birth of B. Spinoza (1632-1677), the Dutch rationalist philosopher;
November 25, 2017 - 455 years since the birth of Lope de Vega (1562-1635), Spanish playwright, poet;
November 25, 2017 - 300 years since the birth of A.P. Sumarokov (1717-1777), Russian playwright, poet;
November 26, 2017 - World Information Day. Celebrated annually since 1994 at the initiative of the International Academy of Informatization and the World Information Science Parliament. On this day in 1992, the first International Informatization Forum was held.
November 28, 2017 - 260th anniversary of the birth of William Blake (1757-1827), English poet and printmaker;
November 28, 2017 - 110 years since the birth of Alberto Moravio (1907-1990), Italian writer, journalist;
November 29, 2017 - 215 years since the birth of Wilhelm Hauff (1802-1827), German writer;
November 29, 2017 - Day of the formation of the World Society for the Conservation of Nature. On this day, in 1948, the World Conservation Union was founded, which is the largest international non-profit environmental organization. The Union unites 82 states in a unique global partnership (including the Russian Federation represented by the Ministry natural resources and ecology).
November 30, 2017 - 350th anniversary of the birth of Jonathan Swift (1667-1745), English satirist and philosopher;
November is a wonderful month. At this time, there is an active struggle between autumn and winter. Certainly, winter period always wins, which is why November weather is often frosty and harsh. In calendar events, this autumn month is also of the greatest importance, it is filled with important events of a different nature. Any Russian should find out which significant dates of November 2019 are included in the calendar data.
Important and all memorable dates
In the autumn month, important events for the whole world are celebrated, which celebrate the anniversary. The following anniversaries of November 2019 can be singled out in particular:
Significant events
In addition to important and anniversary dates, the autumn period includes a fairly large number of other significant celebrations. What are the important dates of November 2019 in the calendar?
- 1 - the professional event of the month is celebrated by all Russian bailiffs.
- The 3rd - 220th anniversary is celebrated from the date of birth of the famous publicist and critic - Bestuzhev-Marlinsky A.A.
- 3 - the date of birth of one of his famous people - a Belarusian writer, as well as a translator - Y. Kolas. This creative person celebrates the 135th anniversary of his birth.
- 3 - the entire creative world celebrates the 130th anniversary of the birth of the beloved and well-known writer - Marshak S. Ya.
- 4 - the most important date for the state - the holiday of national unity. The festive event is included in the calendar data in the form of an official celebration, which means that all the working Russian people receive in connection with the advent holiday additional day off. The solemn date was set by the Russian government to commemorate the most important events when Moscow was liberated from Polish troops back in 1612.
- The 6th - 165th anniversary is celebrated from the date of birth of the famous Russian poet and, of course, writer - Mamin-Sibiryak D.N.
2017 in Russia
1155th anniversarythe emergence of Russian statehood (Presidential Decree No. 267 of March 3, 2011)
405 years expulsion of the Polish interventionists from Moscow by the militia led by Minin and Pozharsky (October 26, 1612)
Moreover, RIA-Novosti reports that the government the idea of holding the Year of the Theater in Russia in 2017 is being discussed.
2017 was also declared the Year of Specially Protected Natural Areas (Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 1, 2015 No. 392 "On holding the Year of Specially Protected Natural Areas in the Russian Federation").
January
3 - 125 years since the birth of Tolkien (Tolkien) (1892-1973), English writer, philosopher, historian of language, author of fairy tales "The Hobbit", "The Lord of the Rings".
4 - 205th birthday of E.P. Rostopchina (1812 - 1858), poet, writer. The poet PA Vyazemsky called her "Moscow Sappho".
6 (?) - 605 years of Jeanne D "Arc (about 1412 - 1431), French military leader
6 - 145th anniversary of the birth of A.N. Skryabin (1872-1915), Russian composer
6 - 130th anniversary of the birth of II Golikov (1887-1915), Russian master of Palekh miniature, founder of Palekh art.
9 - 220th anniversary of the birth of F.P. Wrangel (1797-1870), Russian traveler, admiral, one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society. Was born in Pskov.
12 -110th anniversary of the birth of S.P. Korolev (1907-1966), an outstanding scientist and designer in the field of rocketry and astronautics.
13 - Day of the Russian Press
15 - 395 years since the birth of Moliere (Jean Baptiste Poclein) (1622-1673), French playwright, creator of the genre of the so-called high comedy.
16 - 150th anniversary of the birth of V.V. Veresaev (1867-1945), Russian prose writer, literary critic.
18 -135 years since the birth of Alan Alexander Milne (1882-1956), English humorist writer, playwright, classic of English children's literature.
23 -185 years since the birth of Edouard Monet (1832-1883), French impressionist painter.
24 - 285 years since the birth of Auguste Caron de Beaumarchais (1732-1799), French playwright.
25 - 185 years since the birth of I.I.Shishkin (1832-1898), Russian painter, master of landscape.
27 - 185th anniversary of the birth of Lewis Carroll (1832-1898), English writer, professor of mathematics at Oxford University.
28 - 120 years since the birth of V.P. Kataev (1897-1986), Russian writer.
31 - 220th anniversary of the birth of F. Schubert (1797 - 1828), the great composer
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180 years ago(1837) A.S. Pushkin's duel with Dantes took place on the Black River.
170 years ago(1847) in the journal "Sovremennik" in the first issue was published an essay by IS Turgenev "Khor and Kalinych".
75 years ago(1942) K. Simonov's poem "Wait for me" was published in the newspaper "Pravda".
February
2 - 75 years ago, Daniil Kharms (1905-1942), a Russian writer, died in prison.
7 - 205 years since the birth of Charles Dickens (1812-1870), a classic of English literature.
8 - Day of Remembrance of the Young Anti-Fascist Hero
9 - 130th anniversary of the birth of V.I. Chapaev (1887-1919), the legendary hero civil war.
10 - Day of Commemoration of A.S. Pushkin. 180 years from the date of death (1799-1837).
20 - 165 years since the birth of N. Garin (N. G. Mikhailovsky) (1852-1906), Russian writer.
25 - 105 years since the birth of V.V. Sanaev (1912 - 1996), Russian actor
26 -215th anniversary of the birth of Victor Hugo (1802-1885), French writer.
27 - 85th birthday anniversary of Elizabeth Taylor (1932 - March 23, 2011), American actress
165 years ago(1852) the opening of the Hermitage Museum took place in St. Petersburg.
140 years ago(1877) the premiere of PI Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake took place.
March
6 - 80 years since the birth (1937) V.V. Tereshkova, the first female cosmonaut.
15 - 80 years since the birth of V.G. Rasputin (1937), Russian writer
24 - 235 years since the birth of O.A. Kiprensky (1782-1836), Russian portrait painter and graphic artist, representative of romanticism.
24 -140 years since the birth of A.S. Novikov-Priboy (1877-1944), Russian writer.
27 - 90 years since the birth of M.L. Rostropovich (1927-2007), an outstanding cellist and conductor.
27 - International Theater Day
31 - 135 years since the birth of K.I. Chukovsky (1882-1969), Russian writer, critic, literary critic.
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95 years ago(1922) the former family estate of the Hannibals-Pushkins became the State Memorial Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin (v. Mikhailovskoe, Pskov region).
April
10 -80 years since the birth of B.A. Akhmadulina (1937), Russian poet.
12 - 90 years since the birth of Harper Lee (1927), American writer.
15 - 565 years since the birth of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), the brilliant Italian painter, scientist of the Renaissance.
22
- 110 years since the birth of IA Efremov (1907-1972), Russian science fiction writer, author of the socio-philosophical novel "The Andromeda Nebula" - 55 years since the day of publication (1957).
28
-110th anniversary of the birth of Z.I. Voskresenskaya (1907-1992), Russian writer.
75 years ago(1942) the legendary ace pilot A.I. Maresyev (1916-2001).
May
16 - 130 years since the birth of Igor Severyanin (1887-1941), Russian modernist poet, translator, memoirist.
22 -145 years since the birth of Teffi (N.A. Lokhvitskaya) (1872-1952), poetess, writer of the Russian diaspora.
28 - 140th anniversary of the birth of M.A. Voloshin (1877-1932), Russian poet, critic, artist.
29 -230 years since the birth of K. N. Batyushkov (1787-1855), Russian poet-lyric poet, representative of sentimentalism.
29 - 120th anniversary of the birth of I.S. Sokolov-Mikitov (1892-1975), Russian writer.
June
1 - 85 years since the birth of B.A. Mozhaev (1932-1996), Russian writer, publicist.
9 - 345 years since the birth of Peter I the Great (1672-1725), Russian emperor, statesman.
15 - 150th anniversary of the birth of K.D. Balmont (1867-1942), Russian poet, critic, representative of Symbolism in Russian poetry.
18 -205 years since the birth of I.A. Goncharov (1812-1891), Russian writer.
18 - 75 years since the birth of D.P. McCartney (1942), English musician, one of the legendary "Beatles"
20 - 90 years since the birth of V.M.Kotenochkin (1927 - 2000), Russian animator, director "Well, wait!"
20 - 85 years since the birth of R. I. Rozhdestvensky (1932-1994) Russian poet.
28 - 305 years since the birth of Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), French writer and philosopher of the Enlightenment, a representative of sentimentalism.
28 - 95 years ago, V. Khlebnikov (1885-1922), a Russian poet, theorist of futurism, died.
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July
1 - 110 years since the birth of VT Shalamov (1907-1982), Russian writer, poet, author of "Kolyma stories".
7 - 130th anniversary of the birth of M.Z. Chagall (1887-1985), Russian artist.
24 - 105 years since the birth of N.O. Gritsenko (1912 - 1979), Soviet actor, People's Artist of the RSFSR and the USSR, Laureate of State Prizes of the RSFSR and the USSR.
29 -200 years since the birth of P.K. Aivazovsky (1817-1900), Russian marine painter.
31 - 80 years since the birth of E.S. Piekha, pop singer
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August
8 - 90 years since the birth of Yu.P. Kazakov (1927-1982), Russian writer.
17 - 75th anniversary of the birth of M.M. Magomayev (1942 - 2008), Azerbaijani singer, People's Artist of the USSR
19 - 145 years since the birth of M.F. Kshesinskaya (1872-1971), Russian ballerina
19 - 80 years since the birth of A.V. Vampilov (1937-1972), Russian playwright, author of the plays "Duck Hunt", "Elder Son", etc.
20 - 85 years since the birth of V.P. Aksenov (1932-2009), Russian writer.
29 - 155 years since the birth of Maurice Maeterlinck (1862-1949), Belgian writer, playwright, philosopher, Nobel Prize winner (1911).
September
5 - 200 years since the birth of AK Tolstoy (1817-1875), Russian poet, writer, playwright, author of the historical novel "Prince Silver".
8 - Day military glory. battle of Borodino (1812)
10 - 110 years since the birth of V.I. Nemtsov (1907-1993), Russian science fiction writer.
11 -135 years since the birth of B.S. Zhitkov (1882-1938), Russian children's writer.
11 -80 years since the birth (1937) of Joseph Kobzon, pop singer.
17 -160 years since the birth of K.E. Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935), an outstanding Russian scientist and inventor, the founder of modern cosmonautics.
21 - 70 years since the birth (1947) of Stephen King, American writer.
21 - Day of Military Glory. Victory of Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380)
25 -225 years since the birth of II Lazhechnikov (1792-1869), Russian writer, author of the novels "Ice House", "Basurman"
***
75 years ago(1942) the publication of the poem by AT Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" began, which is considered to this day the best poem about the Great Soldier Patriotic War.
October
1 - 105th anniversary of the birth of L.N. Gumilyov (1912 - 1992), Russian historian, geographer, author of the work "Ethnogenesis and the Biosphere of the Earth"
4 - 60 years ago (1957) our country launched the world's first artificial Earth satellite. The beginning of the space age.
7 - 65 years old Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (1952), Russian statesman
8 - 125 years since the birth of M.I. Tsvetaeva (1892-1941), Russian poetess.
9 - 470 years since the birth of M. Cervantes (1547-1616), Spanish writer of the Renaissance.
31 - 115 years since the birth of E. A. Permyak (1902-1982), Russian writer.
60 years ago(1957) a film directed by M. Kalatozov "The Cranes Are Flying", which was recognized as one of the best films in world cinema, was released on the screens of the country. At the Cannes Film Festival in 1958, the film was awarded the Palme d'Or.
November
2 - 220 years since the birth of A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky (1797 - 1837), Russian prose writer, poet, critic, Decembrist.
3 -130 years since the birth of S.Ya. Marshak (1887-1964), Russian poet, translator, classic of children's literature.
1 – Spring and Labour Day - Day of International Workers' Solidarity. Established under the title Day of Solidarity of the Workers of the World in July 1899. By the Paris Congress of the Second International as a symbol of the irreconcilable class struggle. 05/01/1886 workers in Chicago (USA) went on strike demanding an 8-hour workday and a demonstration that ended in a bloody clash with police, 6 people were killed.
It has been celebrated in Russia since 1890. in the form of shirts and strikes. Since 1918 - an official holiday with demonstrations and military parades, initially - International Day, later - International Workers' Day.
The last official May Day demonstration took place on May 1, 1990, 05/01/1991. on Red Square, a rally was held, organized by the Moscow Federation of Trade Unions and the Association of Free Trade Unions, against the rise in prices.
Since 1992 in accordance with the Labor Code of 12/30/2001. (Article 112) May 1 - Holiday of Spring and Labor, non-working day.
In 1993. for the first time after a long period, a peaceful demonstration of workers in Moscow was dispersed.
In the 2000s, the tradition of holding demonstrations and rallies was revived.
Today the holiday is celebrated in 142 countries around the world on May 1 or the first Monday in May as Labor Day. For a number of countries, the tradition of gathering people under the banner of trade unions has been preserved, but in most countries it is not a political holiday, but a bright spring holiday with folk festivities, performances by artists, fairs, peaceful processions and entertainment events. In some countries, Labor Day is celebrated at different times (including the United States and Japan), more than 80 states (including India) do not celebrate Labor Day.
2 – World tuna day (World Tuna Day).
Official International Day of the United Nations, established in 2016.
World Tuna Day is proclaimed to raise public awareness of the social and economic benefits of sustainable management of tuna stocks. It aims to spread awareness of the value of tuna and the threats to its populations.
Tuna are a group sea fish, the meat of which is widely used for food, tuna is an important commercial object, which has put some of its species on the brink of extinction. The largest representative of the genus is common tuna, which can be up to 4.5 meters long and weigh more than 600 kg.
2 - International Asthma Day(World Asthma Day).
Proclaimed by the World Health Organization, it has been held since 1998. every year on the first Tuesday of the month in many countries of the world as part of the Global Strategy for the Treatment and Prevention of Bronchial Asthma (GINA).
3 – World Press Freedom Day(World Press Freedom Day).
Proclaimed by the UN General Assembly on 20.12.1993 on the recommendation of the 26th session of the General Conference of UNESCO, which in resolution 1991. “On Promoting Freedom of the Press in the World” recognized that a free, pluralistic and independent press is a necessary component of any democratic society.
3 – World Sun Day.
Held on the initiative of the European Chapter of the International Society solar energy(MOSE) (ISES-Europe) since 1994. with the aim of drawing attention to the possibilities of using renewable energy sources.
4 – International Firefighters Day.
Installed in 1999. in memory of the tragic death of five firefighters in a forest fire in Australia.
The date was chosen in honor of St. Florian of Lorkhsky, the patron saint of firefighters, whose memory the Catholic Church celebrates on May 4.
On this day, they pay tribute to the memory of the firefighters who died in the service, and demonstrate their gratitude and respect to those who risk their lives every day to save strangers. The symbol of International Firefighters Day is a red and blue ribbon five centimeters long and one centimeter wide. Two different colors are connected in the middle of the ribbon, red symbolizes fire and blue symbolizes water. In addition, these colors are used by emergency services in many countries around the world.
5 - Day of the ransomware.
Professional holiday of the employees of the Cryptographic Service of Russia, created by the resolution of the Council people's commissars RSFSR from 05/05/1921
The service ensures, with the help of encryption (cryptographic) means, information protection in information and telecommunication systems and special communication systems in the Russian Federation and its institutions abroad, including in systems using modern information technologies.
5 - Diver's Day.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin of 05.05.2002. at the suggestion of diving organizations.
In Kronstadt 05.05.1882. By the decree of Emperor Alexander III, the world's first diving school was founded.
5 - International Day for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
05.05.1992 For the first time, people with disabilities from 17 countries held the first pan-European day for equal rights and against discrimination against people with disabilities.
13.12.2006 The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was opened for signature. It entered into force on 03.05.2008. after ratification by 50 states.
RF signed the Convention in 2008, 05/03/2012. Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a federal law on its ratification.
According to official statistics, the number of disabled people in the Russian Federation is approaching 13 million. More than 700 thousand people become disabled every year.
5 - International Motorcyclist Day(International Female Ride Day).
Held on the initiative of MOTORESS International Director Vicky Gray on the first Friday of the month.
5 – International Midwife Day(International Midwives "Day).
Installed at the initiative of the International Association of Midwives at a conference in the Netherlands in 1987, officially celebrated since 1992. in more than 50 countries, including Russia.
May 5 - Europe Day, the annual celebration of peace and unity in the countries of the European Union, the Council of Europe.
There are two separate Europe Days, which are celebrated on May 5 and 9, created by the Council of Europe (CoE) and the European Union (EU) respectively. Council of Europe Day celebrates it own creation 05/05/1949 , while the European Union celebrates the day when 05/09/1950. the founders of the EU proposed its creation.
5 - World Asthma Day.
It has been carried out at the initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO) since 1998. Timed to coincide with the date of the World Meeting on Bronchial Asthma in Barcelona (Spain).
6 – Astronomy day(Astronomy Day).
First announced in 1973. in the United States at the initiative of the President of the Astronomical Association of Northern California D. Berger.
Since 2007 the spring and autumn Days of Astronomy are held. Spring is celebrated on Saturday - from mid-April to mid-May, near or before the 1st quarter of the moon, autumn - from mid-September to mid-October. In 2017. - the 6th of May.
6 - Day of St. George the Victorious- an Orthodox holiday.
6 – International Day Against Diet(International No Diet Day).
First recorded in the UK in 1992. Later, the initiative was supported in the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India, Israel, Denmark, Brazil and other countries. A light blue ribbon was chosen as the symbol of the holiday.
The day is dedicated to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle, with an emphasis on the fact that a person can be healthy and beautiful no matter what figure the scales show. According to the organizers, proper nutrition and moderate physical activity helps to maintain health, and diets for radical weight loss are not only useless (as the weight returns over time), but also potentially dangerous. Those who decide to join the celebration are encouraged to forget about diets and obsession with their weight at least for a day. Also on this day, the victims of eating disorders and bariatric surgery are commemorated, as well as dedicated to the fight against discrimination on the basis of weight.
7 – Radio day.
Professional holiday for workers in all branches of communication, television and radio broadcasting.
Established by a decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 05/04/1945. on the 50th anniversary (05/07/1895) of the demonstration by the Russian scientist A.S. Popov of the world's first radio receiver - wireless transmission and reception of radio signals (Morse code) - in order to popularize the achievements of domestic science and technology in the field of radio and to encourage radio amateurism among the general public population.
It was first solemnly celebrated in the USSR in 1925, since 1945. celebrated annually. Later approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 01.10.1980 "On holidays and memorable days."
Military signalmen are honored in Russia on October 20, February 13 is World Radio Day, and April 18 is World Radio Amateur Day.
7 - Day of the Presidential Regiment in Russia.
Timed to coincide with the awarding by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 05/07/1965. the Order of the Red Banner of the Separate Special Purpose Regiment - for the valor and courage shown during the Great Patriotic War, the propaganda of patriotism and high combat training.
The Presidential Regiment of the Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ensures the protection of the Moscow Kremlin and the state institutions located in it, the security of the country's top officials. The regiment sets up the Guard of Honor No. 1 at the Eternal Flame Memorial and provides escort for protocol events. The regiment commander is subordinate to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces - the President of the Russian Federation.
Earlier, the protection of the Kremlin was carried out by units of Latvian riflemen, then - the students of the Moscow machine-gun courses for training command personnel - the Kremlin cadets. 08.04. 1936 the guard (convoy) received the status of a special unit. This date is considered the birthday of the Presidential Regiment.
7 - Day of workers of criminal executive inspectorates.
The professional holiday is dedicated to the anniversary of the creation of a forced labor bureau in Russia.
The first bureaus of forced labor appeared in 1919; they were entrusted with control and supervisory functions in relation to those sentenced to correctional labor, as well as to those sentenced to exile, convicted with a deferred execution of the sentence, etc. Since 1997 appeared criminal-executive inspections - bodies, until that time were called inspections of correctional labor.
Since 1999 criminal-executive inspections were transferred to the department of the UIS of the Ministry of Justice of Russia.
7 - Physicist Day- a professional holiday celebrated in various educational and scientific institutions of physical specialties.
It was born at the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University as Archimedes Day, established in 1959 at the X Komsomol Conference of the Physics Faculty, which decided: “To establish a holiday Physicist Day. Consider Archimedes' birthday as Physicist Day. Decide that Archimedes was born on May 7, 287 BC. e. ".
Today, Physics Days at the largest universities in Russia and neighboring countries are held annually at different times during April-May. The last is the Day of Physics at Moscow State University.
7 - Day of the creation of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
05/07/1992 Russian President Boris N. Yeltsin signed an order on organizational measures to create the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Nowadays, it is practically not observed in Russia.
8 – International Day of the Red Cross and Red Crescent(World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day) .
Celebrated since 1953. by the decision of the International Conference of the Red Cross on the birthday of the Swiss public figure Henri Dunant (1928), the initiator of the foundation of the organization in 1863.
8-9 – Days of Remembrance and Reconciliation.
Proclaimed by the UN General Assembly on November 22, 2004. as a tribute to the memory of all the victims of World War II.
8 - Day of the operational worker of the penal system.
In 1925. the secret department of the United State Political Administration (OGPU) was entrusted with secret-operational work in political isolation wards. May 8, 1935 is considered the official day of creation of UIS operational units.
8 - Day of workers of the Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation of Russia.
The Federal Service for Military-Technical Cooperation (FSMTC) of Russia is a federal executive body of the Russian Federation that exercises control and supervision functions in the field of military-technical cooperation of the Russian Federation with foreign states in accordance with. The service is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense.
05/08/1953 by order of the Council of Ministers of the USSR under the Ministry of Internal Affairs and foreign trade USSR was created Main engineering management(SMI) - as an institution of state mediator in the field of military-technical cooperation (MTC) Soviet Union With foreign countries... In 1992. Instead of GIU, two specialized foreign trade organizations for the export and import of military products and services were created - VO Oboronexport and GVK Spetsvneshtekhnika. In 2000. By the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, a single state intermediary for the export and import of military products, works and services, FSUE Rosoboronexport, was created. At the same time, the RF Committee for Military-Technical Cooperation with Foreign States (KVTS of Russia) was created, which became the head federal executive body. In 2004. it was converted to Federal Service on military-technical cooperation.
9 - Day of Military Glory of Russia: Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 (1945).
Established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 05/08/1945. By this decree, May 9 was declared a “national holiday in commemoration of the victorious end of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the German fascist invaders and historical victories The Red Army, crowned with the complete defeat of Nazi Germany, which announced its unconditional surrender. "
The act of unconditional surrender of the German Armed Forces was originally signed on May 7 at 02.41 (CET) by Colonel General Jodl, Chief of Operations of the High Command of the German Armed Forces. The capitulation was accepted: from the Anglo-American side - Lieutenant General of the US Army, Chief of the General Staff of the Allied Expeditionary Forces Walter Bedell Smith, from the USSR - the representative of the Supreme Command Headquarters under the command of the Allies, Major General Ivan Susloparov. The Act was also signed by the Deputy Chief of the National Defense Staff of France, Brigadier General François Sevez, as a witness.
The surrender of Nazi Germany took effect on May 8 at 23.01 (CET). However, at Stalin's request, on May 9 at 0.42 in the Berlin suburb of Karlshorst (at the headquarters of Marshal Zhukov), a ceremony of the second signing of surrender took place. This time, the Act of Surrender was signed by representatives of all three arms of defeated Germany: Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, Admiral Hans Georg von Friedeburg and Colonel General of the Luftwaffe Hans Stumpf. On behalf of the USSR, the Act was signed by Marshal G.K. Zhukov, on behalf of the Allies - by British Marshal Tedder.
The date of the official announcement of the signing of the surrender (May 8 in Europe and America, May 9 in the USSR) began to be celebrated as Victory Day. 1945-1947. and since 1965. in the USSR it is a non-working day.
9 – Commemoration of the departed warriors, for the faith, the Fatherland and the people laid down their lives, and all who died in suffering during the years of the Great Patriotic War. It is performed annually according to the decision of the Bishops' Council of the Russian Orthodox Church on Victory Day.
12 – International Nursing Day(International Nurses Day) .
Celebrates the birthday of Florence Nightingale (1820-1910), the English nurse who created the nursing and nursing education system in Great Britain.
The official decision on the holiday was made in January 1974. since the unification of sisters of mercy from 141 countries into a professional public organization- International Council of Nurses. It has been celebrated in Russia since 1993.
12 - Day of Environmental Education.
Established in 1991 in order to update environmental knowledge in all sciences and spheres of human activity. Held in Russia and the CIS countries.
12 - Day of J.V. Snellman in Finland.
Celebrated on the birthday of Johan Wilhelm Snellman (12.05.1806) - statesman, philosopher and journalist of Finland.
Snellman improved the school system, achieved the adoption of a decree on the rights of the Finnish language, and proposed the first project of the Finnish railway. Thanks to his efforts in 1865. Finland introduced its own currency unit- Finnish brand.
Day of raising the national flag and an official day off.
13 - Day of security and convoy service (Day of the guard), unofficial.
05/13/1938 The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the USSR issued the Temporary Charter of the Convoy Service of the Workers 'and Peasants' Militia.
In 1886. Alexander III issued an order on the creation of escort teams in the Russian Empire, in 1907. the first Charter of the escort service was approved.
13 - Day of the Black Sea Fleet.
Established in 1996
04/08/1783 A manifesto of Empress Catherine II on the annexation of Crimea to Russia was issued, after which she signed a decree on the founding of the Black Sea Fleet.
05/13/1783 11 ships of the Azov flotilla under the command of Vice Admiral F.A. Klokacheva. 02/21/1784 by decree of Catherine II, the city of Akhtiar was named Sevastopol (translated from Greek - "majestic").
13 - All-Russian Day of Forest Planting.
Held with the assistance of the Federal Forestry Agency and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the second Saturday of the month.
On this day in forestries, as well as in cities and settlements tree planting clean-ups are organized.
It was first held in 2011, proclaimed by the UN as the International Year of the Forest.
13 - World Fair Trade Day(World Fair Trade Day).
The day is hosted by the World Fair Trade Organization on the second Saturday of the month.
13-14 - World Day of Migratory Birds(World Migratory Bird Day).
The historical prerequisite for the establishment of the Day was the International Convention for the Conservation of Birds, signed in 1906. Russia joined the Convention in 1927.
It has been held at the initiative of US bird watchers since 1993. on the second Saturday and Sunday of the month.
14 - Day State emblem Of the Republic of Belarus and the State Flag of the Republic of Belarus.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus A.G. Lukashenko dated 26.03.1998. following the results of the first referendum in the history of the Republic of Belarus, held on May 14, 1995. More than 75% of citizens answered positively to the question: "Do you support the proposal to introduce a new State Flag and State Emblem of the Republic of Belarus?"
Celebrated on the second Sunday of the month.
14 – Freelancer day in Russia.
An unofficial professional holiday for designers, programmers, managers, optimizers, copywriters - everyone who works outside the walls of a particular office.
On this day in 2005. one of the first Russian freelance exchanges was formed.
14 - World Day Against Hypertension.
Celebrated since 2005. initiated by the World League Against Hypertension with the support of the World Health Organization (WHO).
15 - International Climate Day.
15 – International Day of Families(International Day of Families).
Established by the decision of the UN General Assembly from 20.09.1993.
15 – International Day of Conscientious Objectors(The International Conscientious Objectors "Day).
Established at the first international meeting of conscientious objectors in Copenhagen in 1981.
05/15/1997 The German federal parliament, the Bundestag, issued a resolution to rehabilitate those who were repressed by the justice of the Third Reich for conscientious objection and desertion.
16 - Biographers Day(Biographers Day).
On this day in 1763. in London, Samuel Johnson and his future biographer, James Boswell, met for the first time. Samuel Johnson was an English literary critic, lexicographer and poet of the Enlightenment. Johnson's most famous work is the Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language, on which he worked for nine years. Johnson's Dictionary was the first in English literature. Despite all Johnson's accomplishments, his fame would not have been as widespread had it not been for the two-volume Life of Samuel Johnson, written by his friend James Boswell, which is the most widely read biography in the English language.
Our knowledge of many outstanding people would be much more scarce if it were not for their biographers.
17 – World Telecommunication and Information Society Day(World Telecommunication and Information Society Day).
Celebrated by the decision of the UN General Assembly of March 27, 2006.
A professional holiday for programmers, system administrators, Internet providers, web designers, editors of Internet publications - all those employed in the field of information technology.
Until 2006 - International Telecommunication Day or World Telecommunication Day. Installed in 1969. decision The International Union telecommunications by the date of signing 05/17/1865. in Paris, the first international Telegraph agreement and the founding of the International Telegraph Union (since 1932 - the International Telegraph Union).
17th Birthday of the Internet.
05/17/1991 the standard for the pages of the World Wide Web (WWW) has been officially approved. The invention belongs to Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Kayo.
With the advent of the World Wide Web, a new word "web" (from English - "web") appeared in the everyday life of computer scientists, the world learned about the creation of web servers, web pages and websites. To fully touch the new and wonderful Internet world, a small detail was lacking - a special program that would download and open all these "web" in the form that today you will not surprise anyone. This is how browsers appeared.
17 – National holiday Kingdom of Norway - Constitution Day... 05/17/1814 At the National Assembly in Eidsvoll, the Constitution was signed, which affirmed the freedom and independence of Norway, which was a Danish province for over 400 years, and now entered into a union with Sweden, which lasted until 1905.
17 - Day of the pulmonologist.
It has been held since 1997.
18 – International Museum Day(International Museum Day).
Established in 1977 International Council of Museums (ICOM) on the initiative of the USSR at the 11th General Conference of ICOM, held in Moscow and Leningrad.
18 - Day of the Baltic Fleet.
05/18/1703 A flotilla of 30 boats with soldiers of the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments under the command of Peter I won its first combat victory, capturing two Swedish warships at the mouth of the Neva River - the Gedan and the Astrild. All the participants in the battle received special medals with the inscription "The unforgettable happens."
18 - Day of Remembrance of Victims of the Deportation of the Peoples of Crimea.
The memorial day was established by the decision of the Supreme Council of Crimea in 1994.
May 18-20, 1944 by decision State Committee Defense, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the USSR carried out the eviction of the Crimean Tatar population of the Crimean ASSR to Central Asia. The official justification for the deportation of the Crimean Tatars was the facts of their participation in collaborationist formations, which during the Great Patriotic War sided with Nazi Germany. However, among the deported there were many Crimean Tatars who fought in the Red Army. In total, more than 180 thousand people were deported. In 1989. The Supreme Soviet of the USSR condemned the deportation of the Crimean Tatars and declared it illegal and criminal.
19 – Day of the All-Union pioneer organization named after V.I. Lenin (Pioneer day) - a holiday of the pioneer movement, officially celebrated in the USSR on May 19. 05/19/1922 The 2nd All-Russian Conference of the Komsomol made a decision on the widespread creation of pioneer groups.
After the collapse of the USSR, the Day of Pioneers ceased to be an official holiday... Today Pioneer Day is celebrated by some children's organizations and companies involved in the organization of children's leisure.
20th - World Metrology Day(World Metrology Day).
Established by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) in October 1999, at the 88th meeting of the Committee.
05/20/1875 in Paris at the Diplomatic Metrological Conference, representatives of 17 states, including Russia, signed the "Metric Convention", on the basis of which the intergovernmental International Organization of Weights and Measures was created.
It has been celebrated in Russia since 2004.
20 - European Maritime Day.
The holiday is aimed at raising awareness of European citizens about the seas and their importance in the life of mankind.
European Maritime Day was jointly established by the European Council, the European Parliament and the European Commission in 2008. within the framework of the EU maritime policy.
20 - Volga Day.
It is noted in the Volga regions.
The Volga is one of the largest rivers not only in Russia, but also in Europe. Its length is 3.7 thousand kilometers. The area of the basin, which occupies eight percent of Russia's territory, is 1.5 million square kilometers. Almost half of all farmland is located in the Volga region and industrial enterprises country. Every year about 250 cubic kilometers of water flows down the Volga.
For the first time, the Volga Day was held in 2008. v Nizhny Novgorod during the X International Scientific and Industrial Forum "Great Rivers-2008".
20 - World Day of Trauma Physician.
21 - Polar Explorer Day in Russia.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin "On the day of the polar explorer" No. 502 dated 05.21.2013. on the initiative of the Federation Council of the Russian Federation, in particular, the special representative of the president for international cooperation in the Arctic by Artur Chilingarov.
05/21/1937 the first research expedition, the polar drifting station "North Pole", which was later named "North Pole-1" ("SP-1"), began its work.
21 - Day of the Pacific Fleet.
05/21/1731 by the Senate Russian Empire"To protect lands, sea trade routes and industries" the Okhotsk military port was established - the first permanent naval unit of Russia in the Pacific Ocean.
21 - Day of the military translator.
05/21/1929 Deputy People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR Iosif Unshlikht signed an order "On establishing the rank for the command personnel of the Red Army" Military translator ".
It has been celebrated since 2000. at the initiative of the Alumni Club of the Military Institute of Foreign Languages.
21 - Inventory Day (Day of the BTI employee).
Established by the decree of the board of the Federal Union of Inventories from 21.051999. "On the professional holiday of the inventory and the establishment of the date of its holding."
05/21/1927 An economic meeting under the Council of Labor and Defense of the RSFSR (ECOSO) adopted a resolution “On approval of the Regulations on the inventory of the property of Local Councils”.
21 – Unemployment protection day.
It has been held in Russia unofficially since 1992.
21 - Worlddayculturaldiversityinnamedialogueanddevelopment(World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development).
Proclaimed by the UN General Assembly on 20.12.2002 at the initiative of UNESCO.
21 - Day of Remembrance of the Victims of War in Finland.
On this day, they pay tribute to the memory of the victims of the civil war in Finland and the Second World War.
Held on the third Sunday of the month, it is the official flag day.
The Finnish Civil War lasted from January 27 to May 15, 1918. The number of victims is in the tens of thousands. Finland participated in World War II from June 25, 1941 to April 27, 1945, most time - on the side of Germany. As a result of this war, Finland suffered significant human losses (about 97 thousand people).
21 - WorlddaymemoryvictimsAIDS(World Remembrance Day of AIDS Victims). It was first celebrated in the American city of San Francisco in 1983. Held on the third Sunday of the month.
22 - At the latitude of Murmansk Polar day begins.
22 - International Day for Biological Diversity(International Day for Biological Diversity).
It has been celebrated since 2000. by decision of the UN General Assembly on the day of adoption in 1992. Convention on biological diversity... Earlier it was held on December 29 - the day of entry into force of the Convention on Biological Diversity, however, due to a large number holidays celebrated at this time of year, many countries faced difficulties in planning and conducting events to celebrate the Day and it was decided to change this date.
23 - World Turtle Day(World Turtle Day) - an animal symbolizing wisdom, wealth and longevity.
The holiday began in 2000. initiated by the American Turtle Rescue Society.
23 - International Day to End Obstetric Fistula.
Established by the resolution of the UN General Assembly of 03/05/2013. Obstetric fistulas are the most severe postpartum injuries.
24 – Day Slavic writing and culture, Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius. For the first time in new history Russia was held in Murmansk on May 24, 1986. at the initiative of a local writing organization.
01/30/1991 By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the holiday was given an all-Russian status.
Day of Remembrance of Equal-to-the-Apostles, preachers of Christianity and educators, creators of Slavic writing and the alphabet (Cyrillic) Cyril and Methodius. The earliest data on the celebration of May 11 (old style) of the day of the Equal-to-the-Apostles saints Cyril and Methodius, also known as the "Thessalonian brothers", date back to the 12th century. Separately, the memory of St. Cyril is celebrated on February 14, St. Methodius - on April 6, in the days of their death.
The celebration of the memory of the holy brothers even in old times took place among all Slavic peoples, but then, under the influence of historical and political circumstances, it was lost. At the beginning of the 19th century, along with the revival of the Slavic peoples, the memory of the Slavic first teachers was also renewed. In 1863. The Russian Holy Synod decided to celebrate the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius on May 11 (May 24 in the new style).
24 – Day of the personnel worker (Day of the personnel officer), informal.
Celebrated in Russia since 2005. at the initiative of the All-Russian Personnel Congress. 05.24.1835 in the Russian Empire, a decree was issued "On the relationship between the owners of factory establishments and workers who come to them for hire" - the first document regulating the relationship between an employer and an employee in our country.
Since HR Day in Russia has not been officially approved, in addition to May 24, it has several other dates, more or less popular in Russia. For example, a number of sources suggest celebrating HR Day on October 12th.
24 – Europeandayparks(The European Day of Parks).
Established in 1999 Federation EUROPARK, uniting protected natural areas in 36 European countries... 05.24.1909 in Europe, in Sweden, the first nine National Parks were created.
25 - Philologist's Day, informal.
In Russia - a professional holiday for teachers of the Russian language and literature, librarians, graduates and teachers of philological faculties of universities. It is celebrated following the Day of Slavic Written Language and Culture.
25 – Seal Day- children's and youth ecological holiday.
Initially, it was regional in nature, but over time it was included in the calendar of environmental dates in almost all of Russia.
In 2003, the Irkutsk ecologists and volunteers became the initiators of the first Seal Day. Its purpose was to draw public attention to the problem of the extermination of the cubs of the Baikal seal (Baikal seal) and the pollution of its habitat.
25 - Africa Day(Africa Liberation Day).
Initially, Africa Freedom Day, was celebrated on April 15. 04/15/1958 in Accra, African leaders and political activists gathered for the first Conference of Independent African states... The conference established Africa Freedom Day to symbolize the determination of African peoples to free themselves from foreign rule and exploitation. 05/25/1963 1st Conference of Governments was held in Addis Ababa African countries, on which the interstate Organization of African Unity (OAU) was established. At this meeting, Africa Freedom Day was renamed Africa Liberation Day and moved to 25 May. Despite the fact that in 2002 the Organization of African Unity ceased to exist, and was replaced by the African Union, the date of the formation of the OAU continues to be celebrated as Africa Day.
25 - InternationalDaymissingchildren(International Missing Children Day).
This date traces its history from the United States, and the symbol of the Day is the image of a blue forget-me-not.
On this day in 1979. On the way home, an American six-year-old schoolboy Evian Pates disappeared, the whole world was looking for him, the case received a wide response, but the search was unsuccessful.
In 1997. the International Center for the Search for Missing and Exploited Children (ICMEC) was established. It was on his initiative in 2010. and International Day of Missing Children was established and dated.
25 - World Thyroid Day(World Thyroid Day).
Celebrated since 2009. at the initiative of the European Thyroid Association (ETA), which studies issues related to the thyroid gland and its diseases.
26 – Day of Russian Entrepreneurship.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin "On the Day of Russian Entrepreneurship" No. 1381 of 18.10.2007.
Celebrated on the day of the adoption of the law on cooperation in 1988.
26 - Day of the welder, unofficial. Celebrated on the last Friday of the month since the beginning of the 90s of the XX century.
26 – European Neighbors Day(European Neighbors Day).
The founder of the holiday is Frenchman A. Perifan, coordinator of the European Day of Neighbors and President of the European Federation of Local Unity.
The holiday, which takes place on the last Friday of the month, has over 1200 partners in over 30 participating countries.
27 – All-Russian Day of Libraries.
Established by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin No. 539 "On the establishment of an all-Russian day of libraries" dated 05/27/1995.
The date is dated to the day of foundation in 1795. the first state public library in Russia - the Imperial Public Library, now the Russian National Library.
27 - Day of the founding of the city of St. Petersburg.
The date of birth of St. Petersburg is considered to be laid by Peter I on Zayachy Island at the mouth of the Neva River Peter and Paul Fortress May 27, 1703
27 - International Day of Multiple Sclerosis.
Established in 2009 International Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord.
28 – Day of the border guard.
Established by the decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated 05/15/1958.
Celebrated on the day VI Lenin signed the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars "On the establishment of the border guard of the republic" 05/28/1918. At the same time, the Main Directorate of the Border Guard was created, into which the officers of the former Directorate of the separate corps of the Russian border guard moved in full force.
11.24.1920 responsibility for guarding the border of the RSFSR was transferred to the Special Department of the Cheka. 09/27/1922 the Separate Border Corps of the OGPU troops was formed. Since July 1934 the leadership of the border troops was carried out by the Main Directorate of the Border and Internal Security of the NKVD of the USSR, since 1937. - Main Directorate of Border and Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR, from February 1939. - Main Directorate of Border Troops of the NKVD of the USSR. In 1946. border troops were transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly created Ministry of State Security of the USSR, and in 1953. - USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1957. the Main Directorate of the KGB Border Troops was created. By December 1991. after the reorganization of the KGB of the USSR, the Main Directorate of the Border Troops was abolished and the Committee for the Protection of the State Border of the USSR was formed. In September-October 1992. border troops on the territory of the Russian Federation became part of the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation. 12/30/1993 On the basis of the Border Troops of the abolished Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation, the Federal Border Service was formed - the Main Command of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation. 12/30/1994 renamed into the Federal Border Service of Russia (FPS of Russia). 03/11/2003 The functions of the Federal Border Guard Service were again transferred to the jurisdiction of the Federal Security Service of Russia, under which the Border Guard Service was created (the transformation entered into force on 01.07.2003).
28 – Chemist day .
Originally established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 05/10/1965, celebrated on the last Sunday of the month.
V Murmansk region Chemist's Day is celebrated in the city of Kirovsk, the town-forming enterprise for which is Apatit OJSC of the PhosAgro holding.
28 – International Day for Women's Health (International Day of Action for Women 's Health).
Initiated during the International Meeting on women's health in 1987. in Costa Rica and is celebrated this year. It is officially recognized by the governments of several countries, as well as by many international health organizations.
28 - Runet Optimizer Day.
Professional holiday of Runet optimizers, or SEO administrators. The abbreviation SEO (Search Engine Optimization) denotes various methods of working with search engines - in order to increase the position of a resource in search results for certain user queries.
It was first observed in 2006. The date of the celebration was determined arbitrarily by SEO specialists - by voting on the Searchengines forum.
28 - Day of brunettes.
The date of the celebration is set three days earlier than that of fair-haired women.
It is not known when and thanks to whom the Day of the brunettes appeared. Presumably, this is a return holiday for Blondes Day.
29 - InternationaldaypeacekeepersUN(International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers).
Announced 09/29/2002 By the UN General Assembly.
On this day in 1948. The UN Security Council established the first peacekeeping mission.
29 – Day of the military motorist.
Established by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation I.D.Sergeev on February 24, 2000.
According to the Decree of the Emperor of Russia Nicholas II 05/29/1910. the first training automobile company was formed in St. Petersburg.
29 - Day of Veterans of the Customs Service.
Established by the decree of the executive committee of the All-Russian Union of Veterans of the Customs Service dated 10.06.1999. on the basis of proposals received from the veteran organizations of the customs authorities.
05/29/1918 the decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR "On the delimitation of the rights of the central and local Soviet authorities to collect duties and on the regulation of the activities of local customs institutions" was issued. In fact, this day is the birthday of the Soviet customs service. Until the collapse of the USSR, on May 29, in memory of this event, the Day of the Soviet Customs Officer was celebrated in the Soviet Union.
29 – World Digestive Health Day(World Digestive Health Day).
Established at the initiative of the World Gastroenterology Organization (WGO).
In fact, the organization was founded in 1935 at the first International Gastroenterology Congress in Brussels. But the official date of its foundation is considered to be May 29, 1958, when the charter of the organization was adopted at the first World Gastroenterological Congress in Washington. It was decided to declare the day of adoption of the WGO charter as the Day of Healthy Digestion.
30 - World Asthma and Allergy Day.
It has been carried out since 1998 by the decision of the World Health Organization under the auspices of GINA - the Global Initiative on Bronchial Asthma.
30 - International Day of Feminism.
The date is timed to the day of the execution of Jeanne d'Arc (01/06/1412-05/30/1431).
31 – Day of the Russian Bar, informal.
Established on 08.04.2005. The Second All-Russian Congress of Lawyers.
May 31, 2002 President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin signed the federal law"On advocacy and the legal profession in the Russian Federation."
31 – World no tobacco day(World No Tobacco Day).
Announced at the 42nd session of the World Health Organization in 1988. at the initiative of the International Society of Oncologists.
In May 2003. WHO adopted the Convention on Tobacco Control, to which more than 90 countries have joined, including Russia.
Quit Smoking Day is also celebrated on the third Thursday in November.
31 - World Blondes Day... Celebrated since 2006.
Prepared by Mikhail Demin.