Post about south africa. State system of South Africa

1. General information. 3

2. Natural resources ... 4

3. Population. 6

4. Agriculture. eight

References ... 9

1. General information

SOUTH AFRICAN REPUBLIC, South Africa. State in southern Africa. Capital- Pretoria (1.9 million people - 2004). Territory- 1.219 million sq. km. Administrative divisions- 9 provinces. Population- 46.3 million people (2005). official languages- Afrikaans, English, Isizulu, Isikos, Isindebele, Sesotos Leboa, Sesotho, Setswana, Sivati, Tshiwenda and Hitsong. Religions- Christianity, etc. Currency unit - rand. National holiday- April 27 - Freedom Day (1994). South Africa is a member of more than 50 international organizations, incl. The UN since 1946, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) since 1994, and since 2002 its successor - the African Union (AU), the Southern African Development Community (SADC) since 1994, a member of the Commonwealth (union of countries that were part of the British Empire) and dr.

2. Natural resources

The central plateau has a saucer shape and is mainly composed of almost horizontally deposited sedimentary rocks. Its central part is at an altitude of approx. 600 m above sea level, and the edges are raised by more than 1500 m.The surface of the plateau is mostly gently undulating, above it in many places flat-topped hills with steep slopes, called table mountains, and bizarre outliers dotted with boulders, called spears (translated - "heads"). The plateau is almost entirely drained by two rivers. The Orange River (with the Vaal tributary) flows westward through the North Cape province and further along the border with Namibia rushes into the Atlantic Ocean. The Limpopo River flows northeast along the borders with Botswana and Zimbabwe and then flows through Mozambique into the Indian Ocean. With the exception of these rivers and some of their tributaries, most of the rivers on the plateau run only during the wet season. In the west and northwest, some rivers are lost in shallow basins that remain dry for most of the year and only fill up during the rainy season. The problem of rivers drying up is an acute problem (about 100 of 120 rivers dry up).

The Great Ledge is a 2,250 km long mountain arc that rises above the coastal lowlands of South Africa. Each part has its own name here. The Kamisberch and Bockkefeldberg mountains in Namaqualand stand out; the Rochhefeldberg and Comsberg mountains near Sutherland; the Nyuwefeldberg Range near Beaufort West; the Cowfeldberge (2,130 m) and Snuberge (2504 m) mountains above the Graff-Reinet; and the Stormberg mountains north of Queenstown. The Great Ledge reaches its highest heights in the Drakensberg Mountains near the eastern border of Lesotho, where in several places there are elevations above 3350 m located in Lesotho. In this area, the Great Ledge is a system of jagged buttresses and deep amphitheaters that form one of the most picturesque landscapes in South Africa.

Namaqualand is a very dry area in the west of the North Cape and Western Cape provinces. This flat plate descends from the Great Ledge towards the Atlantic Ocean. Above its surface, granite outliers and isolated low, but dissected mountain ranges... In the coastal parts, the platform is covered with a thick cover of pebbles. Cape and South Coastal Areas. As noted above, these areas are similar in relief. Linear mountain ranges are distinguished here, composed mainly of sedimentary rocks and extending in a latitudinal direction through the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces, with the ridges interspersed with longitudinal valleys. The ridges themselves are narrow and highly dissected, with numerous peaks rising above 1830 m above sea level. The flat bottoms of many valleys are lined with thick layers of alluvium, formed as a result of the destruction of the surrounding mountains. Between the mountains and the foot of the Big Ledge there is a territory called the Big Karu, which is a series of wide flat-bottomed interconnected basins, confined to heights of 600-900 m above sea level. and having runoff along narrow gorges towards the ocean.

The Southeast Coastal Region is located between the Great Ledge and the Indian Ocean. Its surface is a complex combination of rounded hills. In many places, the hills come directly to the coast, where steep ledges and small beaches alternate. The coastal plain is developed only in the far north, near the border with Mozambique.

Transvaal Low Weld. The hills of the southeastern coast continue further north into the Transvaal Low Velda. Low undulating hills prevail, overgrown with sparse trees and bushes, as well as grass. The vast bottoms of the valleys of large rivers are flattened out.

3. Population

The average population density is 36.8 people. for 1 sq. km (2001). The most densely populated areas are the cities of Johannesburg, Cape Town and Durban. From the end. In the 1990s, the average annual population growth fell sharply due to the high incidence of AIDS. In 2002 it was approx. 1%, in 2005 had a negative indicator (-0.31%). Birth rate - 18.48 per 1000 people, mortality - 21.32 per 1000 people. Child mortality is 61.8 per 1000 newborns. Fertility rate (average number of children born per woman) - 2.2 children. 30.3% of the population are children under 14 years of age. Residents who have reached the age of 65 - 5.2%. Average age population is 23.98 years. Life expectancy is 43.27 years (men - 43.47, women - 43.06). (All figures are given in 2005 estimates).

South Africa is a multiracial and multiethnic state. In racial terms, the population consists of representatives of African peoples (79%), "whites" (9.6%), Asians (2.5%) and Koi-coins (Bushmen (Koi-san) and Hottentots), numbering several thousand people ... 8.9% of South African residents are mestizos (the so-called “colored” - descendants from mixed marriages of Europeans with Africans) - 2001. Among the African population, the most numerous ethnic groups are Zulu (23.8%), Kosa (17.6) , Pedi (9.4%), Tswana (8.2%), Soto (7.9%), Tsonga (4.4%), Ndebele (approx. 2%), Venda (1.3%) and Swazi (approx. 1%) - 2001. The European population is made up of Afrikaners (descendants of the Dutch, German, French settlers) and the British. Among the Asian population, Indians prevail, there are also Chinese, Malays, and others. There is still a certain hostility in society between various racial groups. Afrikaans (the language of interethnic communication) is spoken by 13.3% of the country's population, English - 8.2%. Of African official languages the most widespread language is Isizulu.

The urban population is 64% (2004). The cities are home to approx. 80% of the "white" population. Major cities are Cape Town (about 4 million people - 2005), Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, Pietermaritzburg and Bloemfontein.

Among those who came to the country for permanent residence in the late. 1990s - early. In the 2000s, there were many citizens of Zimbabwe, which in turn received refugees from South Africa during the apartheid regime (in 2004 there were 2 million Zimbabweans in South Africa), Nigeria, China and Great Britain. Traditionally, labor migrants from Swaziland, Lesotho and Botswana come to South Africa to work in mines and farms (12 thousand people officially immigrate from Botswana to work in mines every year, and about 30 thousand people work illegally in the manufacturing industry and on farms).

There is a Russian diaspora, which includes both the descendants of Russian gold and diamond miners who came to South Africa in the 1870s and emigrants who left Russia after the 1917 revolution. There are also Russian entrepreneurs who immigrated to the country in 1990–2000.

South African emigrants live in Namibia and others. African countries... There is a problem of the so-called. Brain drain. In 2003, more than 10 thousand people emigrated from South Africa to the USA, European countries, Australia and New Zealand, among whom there were many medical workers (including about 200 experienced doctors), accountants, teachers (about 700 people. ), as well as specialists in the field of information technology. Since the 2000s, the gap between the number of emigrants and immigrants has been slowly narrowing.

4. Agriculture

South Africa is the most economically developed country on the African continent. According to world standards, it belongs to the group of states with an average level of income (GDP per capita is 11.9 thousand US dollars - 2005).

It is a modern highly developed sector of the South African economy. The share of the agricultural sector in GDP is 3.4% (2005). Agriculture provides the population with basic foodstuffs in full. 12.08% of the land is cultivated (2001). They grow avocados, peanuts, legumes, corn, mangoes, sunflowers, wheat, sugarcane, plums, sorghum, soybeans, tobacco, cotton, citrus fruits, and barley. South Africa exports vegetables and fruits (pineapples, oranges, grapes, apples). Crop volumes are greatly influenced by frequent droughts. Livestock raising is developed (breeding of cattle, horses, sheep, goats and pigs), poultry farming is developing (mainly the breeding of ostriches and chickens). South Africa is the world's largest producer of mohair from the wool of angora goats (South African mohair is considered the best in the world, 3.5 million kg were produced in 2004). Pork production was reduced in 2005 due to the outbreak of swine fever. Logging is carried out, incl. valuable tree species. The annual catch of river and ocean fish, as well as crustaceans and molluscs is approx. 700 thousand tons (permissible volume - 1 million tons). Crocodiles are caught in the rivers.

Bibliography

1. Davidson A.B. South Africa. M., "The main editorial office of Eastern literature", 1972

2. Davidson Basil. Rediscovery of ancient Africa. M., "Publishing house of oriental literature", 1962

3. Recent history Africa. M., "Science", 1968

4. South Africa on the threshold of the third millennium. Moscow, Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002

5. South Africa. Essays on the socio-economic and political development... M., Publishing company "Eastern Literature" RAS, 1999

South Africa or South Africa is perhaps one of the most famous African powers. The long period of European colonization has served South Africa well. In the tropical wilderness, highly developed cities with a European character, East London, Cape Town or Port Elizabeth, look completely unique, characteristic and distinctive. Colonization left an imprint on various spheres of social, cultural and political life: English is spoken in the country, cities are full of architecture from the Old World, and traditions and cultural foundations in the country are very reminiscent of customs from the suburbs of London. The ethnic composition of the population was already motley, but with a new admixture of European blood, it became simply inimitable.

The most appropriate adjective that fits the characterization of this country is varied. The nature and topography vary greatly in different areas: in the northwest, rough vegetation prevails, a humid subtropical climate, eastern plain the picturesque coast of the Indian Ocean is located, a temperate climate reigns, in the South of the country the Drakensberg Mountains rise, which make their own adjustments to the nature of the relief and climate in the region. And in the west, the area of ​​South Africa shrinks by 100 thousand square meters. km spreading out the Namib Desert, these lands are deserted, not suitable for cultivation and not inhabited. The interior regions of the country are occupied by plains, also relatively deserted, the Kalahari savanna, the Karoo Desert and scrublands.

The diversity of the population, their languages, traditions and cultural foundations is also striking. It remains only to wonder how such a motley audience can get along in one state.

General information about South Africa

South Africa is the most developed country on the African continent, and against the background of all the states of the world economic community, South Africa does not look disastrous. According to the UN classification, South Africa belongs to the countries with the middle income level. However, the proportion of the population (predominantly black) living below the poverty line remains relatively high in the country.

The area of ​​South Africa is 1 220 000 sq. km, the country ranks 24th in the world in terms of area, but slightly more than half of the land suitable for living and economic cultivation.

State structure and legal system of the country

In 1961, South Africa became an independent state. Prior to this, the lands were alternately ruled by Holland and Britain. However, with the advent of independence, the country did not make a striking step towards social and economic progress, because the apartheid regime still functioned in it, aimed at genocide of the black population. During this period, many independent states broke off diplomatic relations with South Africa, the UN passed resolutions recognizing apartheid as neo-fascism, South Africa was forced to refuse to participate in Olympic Games, but the government of the country has not abandoned the policy of separatism of the black population. Only in 1989, with the coming to power of a new government, the development of a democratic society began. However, despite all democratic, peacekeeping measures aimed at tolerance and guaranteeing equal rights for all ethnic groups, in South Africa there is still a gap between the standard of living of "white" and "black" citizens. In 1994, South Africa restored its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations.

According to the form of government, South Africa is a parliamentary federal republic. The state is administratively divided into 9 provinces.

The level of economic development, the main spheres of the national economy

The Republic of South Africa has a fairly high level of GDP per capita (26th in the world), especially among African states. Rich natural resources, powerful energy, transport infrastructure and high-performance Agriculture are well-developed sectors of the South African economy. The geography of the country, the unpredictability of the climate and landscapes do not contribute to the large-scale development of the agro-industrial complex, but, nevertheless, South Africa is a large exporter of food products, peanuts, tobacco, wine, corn, etc.

The transport sector is dominated by air and rail. The sphere of domestic air transportation functions perfectly; it is the basis for communication between distant cities. Roads in South Africa will be cold in good condition, but their system has not yet been finalized, in some areas you can find complete off-road. There are international airports in Cape Town, Johannesburg and Durban. State airline - South African Airways.

The leading industry in terms of profitability is, of course, gold mining. More than 15% of the world's gold comes from South Africa. The country is also known in the world as an exporter of diamonds. It was the rich deposits of these natural minerals discovered in the 19th century that contributed to the massive colonization of South Africa by greedy Europeans. Also, in large-scale volumes, the state exports platinum (85% comes from South Africa), zirconium, coal, palladium, etc.

South African population composition, demography, religion

Tough apartheid in South Africa was replaced by a regime of widespread tolerance towards representatives of all ethnic groups and cultures. The new brand of South African society is the Rainbow Republic, where all nations live in harmony based on the principles of mutual respect for the traditions and cultures of each other.

The population of South Africa according to 2010 data is more than 47 million people. However, the natural increase is very low; in recent years, the number of citizens has remained practically unchanged due to the high mortality rate, especially among the black population.

National composition of the peoples of South Africa:

1. A large ethnic group is occupied by black citizens (80%). These are representatives of the tribal groups Ndebele, Koso, Zulus, as well as emigrants from disadvantaged Nigeria and Zimbabwe.
2. The white population is 10%, the highest percentage in the African continent. This group is filled with the descendants of the British, Dutch, Portuguese colonialists. This is still the most privileged social stratum, but the reason for this is the high level of education and labor activity of "white" citizens. Mostly they inhabit big cities South Africa: Cape Town, Pretoria, Johannesburg.
3. Third: "colored" ethnic groups (8%), they consist of descendants from mixed marriages between the indigenous population, Asians and Europeans.
4. Asians make up 2% of all citizens. This group includes the descendants of emigrants from India, China, Malaysia, who settled in South Africa in the 19th century.

The population density of South Africa is diverse. The average figure is 40 people per 1 sq. km, but megacities are very densely populated, especially Cape Town, Pretoria, Durban, Port Elizabeth, East London.

The population of South Africa is predominantly Christian, but some social groups practice Hinduism, Islam and local traditional religions.

Life expectancy in South Africa

The country has a low life expectancy. Among men - 43 years, among women - 41. The highest mortality rate among the black population, it is due to insufficient medical care, artisanal methods of treatment. The main cause of natural death among blacks: drug addiction and its consequences, AIDS, skin cancer due to high levels of harmful ultraviolet radiation.

85% of the South African population speaks at a time when the level of education among the "whites" is very high.

The unemployment rate in South Africa is close to critical (29%), especially among blacks. In some cities, there are still dysfunctional, criminal black quarters, where racketeering, prostitution, and drug trafficking flourish.

Traditions, customs and culture of the peoples of South Africa

Some traditions and customs, which the population of South Africa still adhere to, perplexes the inhabitants of the 21st century.

For example, early marriage is common among indigenous peoples. It is accepted that a girl can get married at the age of 13.

In the diet of some indigenous people, fish and seafood are completely absent, because, according to their beliefs, the water where fish lives is fraught with many evil and dangers. Let's remind that the length of the coastline of South Africa is one of the largest in the world, it is 2 798 km.

However, based on the antediluvian customs of some ethnic groups, it is impossible to judge the level of cultural development of the entire country. In fact, South Africa is quite advanced, and although the European colonialists gave an impetus to the development of social culture, after independence the power continued to develop.

South Africa has given birth to world musicians and writers, Nobel Prize winners. The famous author of the Lord of the Rings trilogy, literary father of the elves, John Tolkien was born in South Africa.

State languages

South Africa interesting country and can set an example for many in how to solve interlanguage conflicts that occur in highly developed countries. The state has a very motley ethnic composition, which led to multilingualism. The country has 11 state languages: English and 11 dialects of local tribes. Most of the citizens speak several languages.

After the fall of totalitarianism, the indigenous population of South Africa also received the right to their own state language.

In the last decade, the new hybrid language Tsotsitaals, a kind of cross between Afrikaans, Zulu and several other dialects, has become very common among the black population.

Major cities of South Africa, their attractions

The population of the state is the only one in the world that can boast of three capitals. The main one is Pretoria, where the government building is located, but the South African parliament is located in Cape Town, and the courts are concentrated in Bloemfontein.

Cape Town is also known as a tourist destination, full of colonial architectural landmarks, as well as the Cape Peninsula and Cape of Good Hope natural landmark, it is also a famous wine region with beautiful landscapes and a pleasant climate.

The Eastern Cape region and its tourist capital, Port Elizabeth, are renowned for being a coastal resort with sandy beaches, national parks for elephants, zebras, and more.

Johannesburg is the most populous metropolis in South Africa, it is not so developed in terms of tourism, but it is famous as an industrial and technological center.

The large city of Durba is located near the relict Lake Santa Lucia, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

To the northwest is the country's entertainment capital, Sun City, known as African Las Vegas, built in the heart of the diamond and gold region.

How did South Africa open up to the world after the 2010 football championship?

In 2010, South Africa hosted the most high-profile sporting event - the FIFA World Cup, which was held for the first time on the African continent.

A number of sports facilities and football arenas were built specifically for the grandiose football event. Matches were held in the cities of Pretoria, Rustenburg, Bloemfontein, Port Elizabeth, Polokwane, Mbombela, Durban, Cape Town, Johannesburg. The final took place in the city of Johannesburg.

After the football championship, this African country has changed its primitive status in the eyes of the world community. But the tournament did not contribute to the massive development of tourism in the country, which is hampered by the low level of medicine and the high level of crime.

Geographical position

Official name - South africa.

The state is located in southern Africa. In the north-east it borders on Mozambique, in the north- with Zimbabwe and Botswana.In North-west border with Namibia.

The total area of ​​the territory of South Africa is more than 1.2 million sq. km. The country is washed by waters Atlantic and Indian oceans.

Landscapes prevail on the territory of the country natural areas savannah and woodlands, semi-desert and deserts... In the east there is a coastal lowland, and in the south there is a depression. This location of the country predetermines the presence of various natural landscapes.

Most of the country is occupied by high flat plateaus "karoo" and mountains, the height of which does not exceed 2500 m. Only along the coast there is a narrow strip of plains.

It is separated from the highlands the Draconic Ridge (Great Ledge) and Cape Mountains.The highest point in the country is an Mount Mont-aux-Surs... Its height is 3299 meters.

On the territory of South Africa there are two small enclave states - mountain kingdoms of lesotho and Swaziland.

South Africa has several climatic zones and climatic zones- from desert zones to Mediterranean climates and subtropics . Dominated in the country tropical and subtropical climate. Average January temperature here it is from +18 C to +27 C. Average temperature in July- from +7 C to +10 C.

Need to know that the seasons in South Africa are opposite to the seasons in the Northern Hemisphere. Winter here it lasts from June to August, and summer- from October to March. Spring and autumn in South Africa are quite short.

There is usually little precipitation. On the coast, it drops from 60 mm, on the plateau - 650 mm, on the eastern slopes of the Drakensberg mountains - up to 2000 mm.

In general, we can say that the climate in the country smooth and soft throughout the year, a large number of sunny days.

Sea water temperature differs depending on the area. V Atlantic Ocean it is cool enough. Her average temperature is 12 ° C-17 ° C. But on the coast Indian Ocean it usually warms up to 21 ° C-26 ° C.

Visas, entry regulations, customs regulations

For entry into the territory of South Africa for Russian citizens necessary apply for a visa. A visa can be obtained at the consular section of the South African Embassy located in Moscow.

Duty free to the country allowed import a small amount of alcoholic beverages, cigars and cigarettes, as well as gifts and souvenirs, the value of which does not exceed RR 500. Mandatory customs control when imported into the country, weapons are subject to, as well as antiques and art. If goods worth more than R10,000 are imported into South Africa, then necessary pay the fee. The fee is 20% of the total amount.

To the country it is forbidden import automatic and military weapons, explosives, ammunition, drugs and narcotic drugs in any form.

Population, political status

Total population South Africa is 43.7 million people. Various nationalities and ethnic groups coexist in the country.

Black people Bantu makes up 77.6% of the total population of South Africa. They also live here mestizo, that are descendants of Malagasy, Indians and Malays - 8,7%. White population is about 10.3%, Indians - 2.5%.

In the Republic of South Africa at present three capitals: Pretoria, Cape Town and Bloemfontein. Town Pretoria is the administrative capital and seat of the President of the country.Cape Town represents the legislative capital of South Africa... It is home to about 2 million people. The parliament of the country sits here. Town Bloemfontein is an the judicial capital of South Africa... It is home to about 180 thousand people.

Largest cities in the country: Johannesburg(1.8 million people), Durban(1 million people), Port Elizabeth(400 thousand people) and Germiston(200 thousand people).

Administratively, the territory of the country is divided into 9 provinces: Western Cape, KwaZulu Natal, Northwest Province, Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape, Free State, Hauteng, Northern Cape and Limpopo.

South Africa is republic with a presidential form of government... The country is an independent member of the British Commonwealth.

Legislature - bicameral parliament, consisting of Senate and National Assembly... Each of the 9 provinces of South Africa has its own parliament, legislature and government, reporting to the country's prime minister.

South Africa has 11 state languages belonging to major populations. The most widespread was zulu. English also widely used in Everyday life population of the country.

What to see

Kalahari represents one of the most unusual places in the world... This famous desert is located on the ocean, but is considered one of the driest places on our planet. Fantastic landscapes and unique animals can be observed here.

In the Kalahari there are many attractions. Here is located Augrabis National Park with the famous two-stage waterfall. Tourists can also visit the magnificent Kalahari-Gemsbok National Park, the area of ​​which is about 2 million hectares.

In the Eastern Cape a large number of national parks and reserves are located: Tsitsikamma, Nature Valley, Donkin, Mkambati, national park "Zebra Mountain"and the national park of elephants" Addo", lying on the border with the Cape province. In the area of ​​the Algoa Bay are gorgeous the beaches more than 40 km long. Untouched " Wild Coast"interesting for huge sand dunes, oyster shoals and a beautiful valley Happy Valley.

South of the Orange River located semi-desert Karoo plateau... On it lies Karu National Park... The largest South African river port - East London.

In East London you can visit City Aquarium with a lot different types marine and freshwater fish. Interesting and East London Museum with the rarest exhibits. Popular among tourists are also " capital of ostriches" Oudshoorn, reserves Hamka Mountain.

Famous Kruger National Park located in the Eastern Transvaal... He is the hallmark of South Africa. This unique reserve features over 50 species of fish, 114 species of reptiles, 507 species of birds and 147 species of mammals. Interesting nurseries are spread around the park - Sabi Sand, Skukuza, Manieleti Game and etc.

In the city of Port Elizabeth you can visit wonderful Oceanarium, Elephant Park and Museum Complex Port Elizabeth... The Victorian quarters of the old part of the city are quite interesting.

Grahamstown is considered the most English city in South Africa. Are worthy of attention here Cape Recife Ecological Reserve and the reserve Shamwari... The latter contains the only true traditional Kaya Lendaba village in South Africa. Is widely known Eddo Elephant National Park (Addo). The city is also home to the famous Cathedral of St. Michel and George.

Cape Town was founded in 1652. This city is the seat of the country's parliament and the capital of the Western Cape. The city is very attractive for tourists. It is located on a peninsula that separates two oceans. The peninsula ends with the famous Cape of Good Hope... Near the city is Table mountain, the height of which is 1086 m.

This city has a large number of attractions. Interesting residence of the President of South Africa,one of the world's best botanical gardens - Kirstenbosch... You can also visit the longest shopping street on the continent - Furtrecker Road. South African Museum of Culture and History located at Slave Lodge, which is one of the oldest buildings in the city. Jewish Museum situated in the building of the oldest synagogue in South Africa.

Durban is one of the largest ports in Africa and the center of the province of KwaZulu-Natal... It is a very rich city and popular resort... Durban " Golden mile" ("Marine-Perejd") is famous for the fact that it moored here Vasco da Gama... Today she is the best place for relax. Here come for spearfishing, diving, swimming, recreation and entertainment.

Worth seeing here St. Paul's Church, the biggest mosque southern hemisphere Juma located in the Indian quarter. Traditionally, they are very popular with tourists. National Museum of Natural History, Museum of Natural Sciences, Museum of old buildings and Center for African Art... Must visit Reptile parkFitzsimmons, Dolphinarium Sea World and Durban Botanical Garden. In Ulundi situated residence of the Zulu king Goodwin Zvelithini. In Dundee interesting enough Talan Museum. In Pietermaritzburg there is Natal Provincial Museum, Queen elizabeth park, and Vortrekker Museum and National Botanical Garden Natal.

Amlanga Rocks is one of the most luxurious resorts in South Africa. Here it is Shark Research Institute and African Art Gallery... You can see Hauan Forest Reserve and river bird park Umgeni.

In Tongat located quite picturesque Hindu temples Jaggernaf Puri and Vishwarup. Stanger (Dukuza) represents The ancient capital of the Zulu kingdom... The city has an interesting North Coast Museum and big East market.

Unique Dragon mountains and Veld are considered natural monuments. Mountain resorts are located here. These places are notable for their picturesque landscapes.

The historical center of South Africa is the northwest of the country. Here it is provinces Gothang (Hauteng) and lie arid Transvaal plateau... It was from here that the colonization of these lands began. In this place are concentrated the most significant cities in the country - Johannesburg and Pretoria... These cities are the country's financial, industrial and commercial centers.

Johannesburg locals are used to calling Joburg (Yozi). This city was founded in 1886. Then gold digger George Garrison from Australia found a gold mine here. Since then, the city began to grow very rapidly. Today it is one of the richest cities in the world. It looks quite industrial. There are quite interesting buildings in the city center. The most beautiful building the city is considered skyscraper "Diamond", interesting enough for tourists Museum of Medicine Adler, Paleontological Museum... You can also visit Rock art museum on the territory of the zoological park. In Johannesburg, numerous tourists are always attracted by the famous diamond factory... Here you can not only see but also buy diamonds right after cutting. The city has the largest multi-storey shopping center in Africa called Sandton. "Market square"represents one of the most ambitious markets on the African continent.

The former suburbs surrounding the metropolis are also attractive for tourists. Worth seeing here Museum of Africa in newtown and Nelson Mandela House Museum. In Soweto is the best on the African continent zoo... Are very popular Lesedi Cultural Village in Swartkops Hills and Zulu Historical Village Sibaya-Zulu-Boma... Located nearby Wadderbil Park- real bird sanctuary. "Gold Mine" situated in Randfontein.

60 km. north of Johannesburg lies Tswane city (Pretoria). It is one of the capitals of South Africa and the administrative center of the Transvaal province. In this city it is recommended to see Kerkplats Square with the old Town Hall, as well Cathedral Square with the buildings of the Old Raadsaal and the Palace of Justice. In Brightyrion Park is the official residence of the President of South Africa. At the Kruger Museum expositions dedicated to the first President of the Transvaal Paulus Kruger and the history of the Anglo-Boer War are presented.

Such sights of this city are quite interesting, such as: Monument to the First Settlers, South African Reserve Bank building, which is the tallest building in the city, National Zoo of South Africa and Radcliffe Observatory... Here you can also visit Municipal Art Gallery and numerous museums.

The Drakensberg Mountains form a natural border with Eastern Lesotho. Highest point is an Tkabana-Ntlenyana mountain... Its height is 3482 m. The length of this basalt wall is about 250 km. This area is great for lovers active rest... The nature here is notable for its beauty and variety. In the Zululand and North Shore areas tourists have an amazing opportunity to get acquainted with the culture of the Zulu peoples.

Most of the mountainous areas are occupied by national parks. The most famous and interesting of them is Royal Natal National Park. Southern border this park forms the so-called " Amphitheater"It is a very unusual cliff. Its length is 8 km.

Not far from here is the famous Tugela waterfall 948 meters high. This waterfall has five cascades. Lake Santa Lucia and the adjacent territory, which occupies 275 thousand hectares, were included in the list World heritage UNESCO. Lake Sibaya is the largest natural freshwater lake in South Africa. Its area is 77 sq. km. In the vicinity of this lake there is a large number of nature reserves: Loteni, Highville, Swamp, Giant Castle, Itala, Valley, Ndumo, Mkuzi, Wilderness, Royal National Park etc. In the eastern part of the country there are magnificent nature reserves Umfolozi and Hluhluwe, which stretch for many kilometers.

Maputaland represents the land of nations tsonga... It is one of the most remote and wilderness areas in the country. These lands are famous for their sand dunes, which are considered the highest in the world. There are large areas with absolutely untouched nature here. In these places, there is a collision of tropical and subtropical climatic zones. This fact explains the diversity of the local flora and fauna.

In Maputaland almost all meet existing species wild animals of South Africa and more than four hundred species of birds. Numerous fans of outdoor activities come here. Coral reefsv National park Sodwana Bay great for exciting diving and sea fishing. There are excellent beaches for sunbathers. Unique area Cozy Bay famous for its salt lake ecosystem.

Northwest Province attracts with its unique natural conditions for outdoor activities. The local fauna is striking in its wealth. It will be interesting to visit the many caves. Moreover, many of them are of very great interest from the point of view of studying the origin of man. In this area there are lakes and streams with clear water.

Here tourists are recommended to visit pilanesberg national park, and nature reserves of Medicwe, Botsalano and Faan Mainjies... Very interesting Wildlife Reproduction Center in Lichtenburg. Also popular are: Reptile and Animal Parkin Hartbeesport, amusement park "Golden Reef", Vaal river... Attracts visitors and places that are associated with the Boer War. There is also an entertainment city called Sun City... It is analogous to American Las Vegas.

In the extreme south of South Africa lies the famous Cape Peninsula... There is a wide variety of historical and cultural attractions here.

The famous " Garden Route". This is one of the most magnificent excursion routes in the world. From here tourists also have the opportunity to visit Cape of Needles and reserves of the Cape of Good Hope, and Fernkloof... From Cape Town you can go to Hermanus resort famous for its whale festivals.

The magnificent endless Kleinmond, Camps Bay, Clifton, Lianduno, Sandy Bay, Whitsends, Scarborough, Falls Bay, Mulzenburg, Fish Hook beaches... Interesting enough Dyulker Seal Island.In Hout Bay can see giant bird colony.

In the Bolend vineyard area famous winemaking centers Stellenbosch, Parl, Franschhoek and Constants.

Northern cape is the largest province in South Africa. This area of ​​the great desert is interesting, first of all, for its unique fauna. It has very beautiful nature and a large number of minerals.

Kimberly is the diamond capital of the country. This city appeared around diamond mines. In the city center, you can still see the famous Big Hole ("Great Hole"). It represents the world's largest open pit mine... This mine is famous for the fact that it began with it " diamond rush"at the beginning of the last century. Here tourists for a small fee have the opportunity to try to find a diamond on their own.

Today Kimberley is a modern city. Here you can see wide streets, wonderful parks and gardens. Tourists who come to Kimberley have the opportunity to comfortably settle in modern hotels. The city has its own tourist tram... Worth a visit here is magnificent William Humphreys Museum of Fine Arts... Interesting enough and Mining museum which is on the edge of Big Hole.

5 km. from Kimberley there is a still operating diamond mine called Boultfontein... Numerous tourists are taken here on excursions.

Interesting Thunder-Ellie rapids and Egerton Rapids on the Orange River... Most of the routes to the great Kalahari desert begin from here.

Mosselbay and Richards Bay are major ports and resort towns country. A large number of the country's most luxurious hotels and beaches stretch along the coast between them.

In ancient times, in the territory of modern South Africa lived bushmen, hottentots and Bantu peoples... In 1488 portuguese sailors discovered the southern tip of the African continent. After that, the colonization of the country began.

In 1652 the Dutch East India Company founded the first European settlement here. In the history of South Africa there are many wars between England and the descendants of the Dutch settlers. The descendants of the Dutch made up a special ethnic community - boers... A particularly fierce struggle was fought here after diamond deposits were discovered on the territory of the country. As a result Boer War 1899 - 1902 The Boer republics were captured by Great Britain.

May 31, 1910 was formed Union of South Africa... Massive anti-apartheid struggle has been spearheaded African National Congress(ANC), founded in 1912. On May 31, 1961, the Union was transformed into South Africa(South Africa) as part of the British Commonwealth.

This union includes self-governing English colonies(Cape, Natal) and Boer republics (Orange Free State and Transvaal). After that, political parties were legalized in the country. In 1993, the state government began to take steps to desegregate education. On April 27, 1994, democracy came to South Africa, and an interim constitution came into force. At the same time, the first multiracial elections to the National Assembly took place. In June of the same year, South Africa restored its membership in the Commonwealth. The President the country was elected the Leader of the ANC N. Mandela.

International trade

Foreign trade has a very great importance in the economic life of the country. South Africa is one of the 25 largest world exporters... Income from foreign trade make up about 50% of GDP. The volume of exports even slightly exceeds the volume of imports.

Main trading partners of the country: America, Germany, Japan, UK, France, Italy and Canada... A noticeable increase in the turnover of foreign trade with these states.

The main import products are cars, food, oil,vehicles and chemical goods. Major import partners: Germany, USA, China, Japan, UK, France, Saudi Arabia and Iran.

The main export commodities areequipment, mineral raw materials (diamonds, gold and platinum), machinery, automobiles, food products and beverages. Major export partners:USA, UK, Japan, Germany and Netherlands.

South Africa plays a major role in the activities South African customs union (SACU), which was created in 1969.

The shops

South African cities have the shops and shopping centers where you can buy anything you want.

Souvenir shops offer a huge number of different ethnic souvenirs.

Convenience Stores located at gas stations, car service stations. Need to know that beer and spirits are not sold in supermarkets, only wines can be bought there. For spirits, there are specialized shops.

The shops and malls of the country are usually open from Monday to Friday until 18:00 hours. On Saturday they work until 15:00. Shopping malls are open on Sundays, and some clothing stores are open until 13:00. Groceries on Sunday can be purchased in shopping centers until 15:00.

Demography

The demographic situation in the country is rather complicated. First of all, this is due to the problem widespread AIDS on the territory of South Africa. Because of this disease, the mortality rate here for a long time exceeded the birth rate. Currently, this problem has already been resolved. So, last year in the country there was a small population growth, amounting to 0.8%. White population in South Africa steadily going down... This is due to their emigration to America and European countries. In addition, there is also influx of black population from the neighboring state of Zimbabwe.

Industry

The main industries in South Africa are: mining industry, energetics,mechanical engineering, metallurgy and telecommunications.Mining industry played a large role in the development of the South African economy. However, in last years its importance has dropped significantly. Currently, its products account for only about 7% of GDP. It employs about 500 thousand people today.

Energy share in the country's economy is large enough and amounts to 15% of GDP. South Africa ranks 16th in terms of energy consumption. Currently, about 250 thousand people work at the country's energy enterprises. The rate of energy production is growing every year. There are many energy-intensive enterprises in the country.

The increase in energy production is achieved through the use of new technologies and new raw materials. But until now, the main component of the country's energy sector is coal... There is a lot of coal in South Africa and it is readily available for mining and processing. For this reason, energy in the country is quite cheap.

V recent times several hydropower complexes and enterprises that use nuclear energy.

Mechanical engineering is also very important in the country's economy. It is based on automotive and machine tool enterprises. The centers of the automotive industry in South Africa are such cities as: Port Elizabeth, Eitenhah, Cape Town, East London, Durban, Johannesburg and Pretoria.

South Africa today has the largest number cars all over the continent. In terms of the number of cars per capita, the country is in the top twenty. There is 1 car for 12 people.

South Africa also has many businesses that produce marine and riverships, aircraft, railway carriages and locomotives, component parts and a number of special devices.

Flora and fauna

Animal world the country is quite diverse. About 6% of all animals on our planet live in South Africa. Only in one Kruger National Park lives about 33 types amphibians, 114 kinds reptiles, 147 species animals and 507 species birds.

In South Africa, there are often antelopes, zebras, giraffes, jackals, hyenas, crocodiles, hippos and cheetahs... It is also inhabited by black and white rhinos, lions, leopards, elephants and buffalo... South Africa is one of the few countries that managed to avoid the complete extermination of rhinos. Restored to South Africa and population wild dog... Marine inhabitants of South Africa are represented whales, sharks and extensive colonies of seals.

South Africa is home to 7% of the world's birds. There are about 900 species of them in the country. Live here ostriches, king eagles, penguin colonies, flocks of seabirds... Found here and very rare blue crane.

Flora South Africa is also very rich. The country is home to 8% of all world plants. About 80% of them are not found anywhere else on the planet. " Path of gardens"in the Western Cape is one of the finest sights in the world. Proteus is the flower symbol of the country.

In the semi-desert North Cape province, a type of vegetation called " punishment". It is a low grass cover, low shrubs and succulent plants.

Thickets of shrubs with sparse trees and an abundance of grass are called bushveld... This type of vegetation is common in the northwestern part of the Central Plateau and further to the east of the country. The main components of bushveld are shrub and woody forms acacias, giant baobabs and mopane... The arid Northwest Province is covered with thorny bushes, grasses and freestanding trees. Shrub vegetation prevails in the Cape region finbos or macchia.

In the southern and southeastern coastal regions, remnants of indigenous forests have been preserved in places. On low altitudes thickets of bushes predominate. They grow at high altitudes grass stands from tall grains. Dense forests of stunted trees line the coast. There is also palms, bananas and mimuzops obovate... At the mouths of the rivers grow mangroves.

Banks and money

The most convenient mode of transport for movement around the country it is considered Personal car... Total length highways the country is more than 206 thousand km. About 60 thousand km of them have a hard surface.

In South Africa, tourists can take car for rent... It’s very simple. The driver must be at least 23 years old for this. With me necessary have a valid international driving license with a photo.

In South Africa there are two types of taxis... In big cities they drive regular metered taxis... They are quite expensive. You can't catch a taxi on the street, a car necessary order by phone. You can also wait for a taxi at special taxi ranks, but there are not many of them. Exist in the country and route taxis... They cost less, but are less secure and comfortable. Vote in cities and on the road not accepted.

In South Africa absent well-developed public transport system. In all cities there are municipal buses... Until a certain hour they run according to the approved schedule. The schedule of these buses is rather irregular. It is especially problematic to wait for them on weekends and holidays... There are no such buses in small towns. Total length railways on the territory of South Africa is about 31.7 thousand km.

The country has 9 major airports. International airports are located in cities such as: Johannesburg, Durban and Cape Town.The biggest- in Johannesburg. All airports are connected to the center and major hotels by bus lines. International transportation is handled by five major companies

The basis of agriculture country is agriculture... Only about 22% of the territory can potentially be used for the cultivation of agricultural crops. In South Africa, there are problems with the supply of fresh water. Its resources are small, but the need for fresh water is growing every year. Despite all this, agriculture in South Africa continues to develop.

The main crops in southern Africa arecereals (corn, wheat), different species are also grown here fruit, grapes and sugarcane.

In animal husbandry most developed meat and dairy production... It is practiced in the north and east of the Free State province, in the interior regions of Hoteng province, and it is also common in the southern part of Mpumalanga province. Breeds predominate in the Northern and Eastern Cape meat direction... In the drylands of the Northern and Eastern Cape, the Free State and Mpumalanga, active bredsheep... The country is active exports karakul.

Large numbers in South Africa are bred and angora goats... The country accounts for 50% of the world production of mohair... Distributed here also Boer goat, her bred for meat.

Poultry and pig breeding in South Africa, they are common on farms near large cities: Pretoria, Johannesburg, Durban, Pietermaritzburg, Cape Town and Port Elizabeth.

In the province of the Free State in recent years, the beginning of the development ostrich breeding... South Africa continues to gradually increase export of meat, leather and feathers of this bird.

In a restaurant, the tip is usually 10-12% of the total order value. This amount includes drinks. For porters accepted give from 2 to 5 rand per piece of baggage. The guide and driver usually leave 15-20 rand per person per day.

National characteristics

There is some differencein the rules of greeting between white and black South Africans... In white culture accepted for the younger to greet the elder first. In black culture, the opposite is true - the younger has to wait for the older to greet him.

South Africans of English descent and black South Africans in conversation don't look point-blank at the interlocutor. it counts indecent and perceived as aggressive. But the Afrikaners accepted constantly look the other person in the eye. If the interlocutor often looks away, then this may be perceived as a manifestation of insincerity or dishonesty.

Never it is forbidden give your left hand when dealing with blacks and Muslims (Indians or Colored). The left hand is considered unclean in African and Muslim culture.

Black South Africans present and accept gifts with two hands... This is how they show their special respect and show gratitude.

Afrikaners are generally more conservative than Anglophone South Africans. This is especially true for issues of race and family relations. Younger people quite often can use the words “ aunt" and " uncle". This applies not only to addressing relatives, but also to strangers who are older than the speaker.

South Africans during a conversation try not to allow long pauses. These pauses usually make them uncomfortable. But also excessive assertiveness when conducting business negotiations with South Africans is also not needed.

In public places, black South Africans speak quite loudly, which is unusual for the white population. This is due to the traditions that have developed in their culture. They believe that they speak quietly when they speak badly about someone.

South Africans have some typical gestures that are incomprehensible to us. Waving in front of your face with crossed palms turned inward means “ complete absence understanding».

A slightly raised hand with a downward palm, which moves from side to side, means “ got into a mess, got it wrong».

White South Africans have a large punctuality... Here, the date and time of the visit are usually negotiated several days in advance. If you need an urgent appointment, you need to call and explain the reason.

For business or just friendly meetings accepted arrive on time. Even a slight delay of 10 minutes can ruin your relationship with South Africans. This is due to the fact that white South Africans associate being late for meetings and breaking an agreement with black behavior.

Electricity

Tap water in almost all major cities and most of the country's reserves has been purified and safe for drinking.

The country has developed system of medical control and service... However, a unified health insurance system absent.

First aid is provided is free... All further treatment is already will be paid and it will be very expensive.

A very big problem in South Africa is the massive spread of HIV infection... Mostly representatives of the black population are sick.

South african republic population economy economy

Physical and geographical location

South Africa (South Africa) is located south of 22 ° S latitude in the tropical and subtropical latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. The territory of South Africa is 4.2% of the continent's area (1,223,410 sq. Km). In the west, the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, and in the south and east - by the Indian Ocean. The coastline is 2798 km. The highest point in South Africa is Mount Njesuthi - 3408 m

This location of the country predetermines the presence of various natural landscapes. Its structure resembles a giant amphitheater. Its highest ranks are formed in the east and south by the ledge of the Drakensk and Cape mountains. To the north, the surface descends in steps - a plateau to a vast arena - the Kalahari and the Limpopo river valley.

The relief of South Africa is characterized by the predominance of high-rise flat plateaus, about half of the territory has a height of 1000 to 1600 m, more than? located above 600 m above sea level, only a narrow strip of coastal lowlands in the west, south and east has a height of up to 500 m. In general terms, the relief is determined by the inner elevated plateaus and coastal plains of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

Almost all of South Africa is located within the southern margin of the African Platform, the basement of which consists of folds of Precambrian rocks (metamorphic shales, gneisses, etc.) and clastic rocks penetrated and metamorphosed by intrusions of so-called ancient granites. In the coastal regions of the country, basement rocks often come to the surface, in the central regions they are covered with a thick stratum of younger rocks.

North of the middle reaches of the river. Orange, within the southern edge of the vast trough of the African platform, are the Kalahari plains (800-900 m), covered with a thick mantle of Cenozoic sands and sandstones.

At present, almost everywhere the surface of the Kalahari is occupied by herbaceous vegetation and shrubs; the typical desert landscape can only be found in the driest southwest, along the border with Namibia.

The West Coast is in stark contrast. To the north, beyond the Ulyphants River, begins the Namib Desert. There are few bays and convenient bays on the coast, it is distinguished by a little indented, as if leveled coastline. The coast, composed mainly of Slate shale and quartzite, has a rocky character, rising 7-20 m above sea level. Its stern, unapproachable appearance frightened European sailors for a long time.

The coastline in the southwest and south of South Africa to Cape Recife is more indented. A number of convenient natural bays and coves of the southern coast were appreciated by medieval sailors. These are the bays of Saldanha (with the port of the same name), Canteen (with the port of Cape Town), Falls Bay (with the port of Simons Town), Mosselby and Algoa Bay. Narrow, rocky Cape Agulhas in front of Mosselbay Bay is the southernmost point of Africa. In the east, in the shallow bay Natal, there is one of the largest ports on the mainland - Durban. To the north of it stretches a low-lying accumulative coast. "All countries of the world" - an encyclopedic reference book

South Africa (South Africa) is the southernmost and richest state in Africa. The capital of South Africa (this is how it is usually called in everyday life) is the city of Pretoria. It's a bit unusual that South African cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg are much larger.

South Africa is a very contrasting state. Its population is one of the most variegated in the entire world. Representatives live here a large number nationalities; the number of white people and Asians is the largest in the entire African continent. South Africa also has an unofficial name "Rainbow Country" because of its national diversity.

The bowels of the Republic of South Africa are very rich in minerals and diamonds against the background of the general poverty of the entire continent. While the tribes of Central Africa continue centuries of war, South Africa has become one of the most peaceful countries, voluntarily renouncing its nuclear weapons. This country remembers its bloody history- the struggle of oppressed nationalities against apartheid.

History of the South African Republic

The Dutch were the first to colonize these lands. They also founded the Cape Colony. But in 1806 this land was conquered by Great Britain. Dutch settlers had to move inland.

For about 100 years, Great Britain has pursued a policy similar to genocide - the black population was oppressed, and sometimes simply destroyed. After gaining independence, the situation did not change - representatives of the white race came to power, mainly the descendants of Dutch, French and German settlers. Although they were a national minority, nevertheless, power was concentrated in their hands and they began to pursue a policy of apartheid in South Africa.

For example, the Bantu people could only live in a specially designated area, and to leave these reservations, they had to obtain a special permit. The social obligations of the state for blacks and non-blacks were completely different. So in South Africa there was a separate health care and education for blacks. The apartheid government claimed that the level social service the black population was on a par with whites, but this was completely contrary to the true state of affairs. Often, blacks were even deprived of political rights. In 1974, citizenship was stripped of a significant part of the black population. I wonder what all legislative acts those aimed at oppressing the black population were at a time when segregation began to be abandoned around the world.

The fight against apartheid became one of the main directions in the work of the UN in the 1970s and 1980s.

One of the main fighters against apartheid was Nelson Mandella, who was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Interestingly, after the fall of the regime, the number of the white population in South Africa has almost halved.

However, millions of black South Africans still live in poverty and without adequate education. These segments of the population join the army of street criminals, which is one of the main problems of the modern South African Republic.

Geography of South Africa

South Africa is located in the very south of the African continent. With an area of ​​1 1221 038 sq. Km in terms of area, this country is on the 24th place in the world. The highest point in South Africa is Mount Njesuti, which is located in a mountain range with the poetic name of the Drakensberg Mountains. The length of the coastline is 2798 sq. Km.

The climatic zones of the Republic of South Africa are striking in their diversity. From the arid Namib Desert to the subtropical Indian Ocean coastline. The east of South Africa is mostly mountainous - it is here that the Drakensberg Mountains are located. It may sound funny, but here, in the south of the hottest continent, alpine skiing is flourishing.

Southwest South Africa has an extremely pleasant climate, very similar to that of the Mediterranean. The famous South African wine is produced here.

In the very South of South Africa, the infamous Cape of Good Hope is located and is the southernmost point of Africa.

In terms of borders, South Africa is a unique state: Lesotho is located entirely inside South Africa. Also in the north, South Africa borders on Namibia, Botswana, Swaziled and Zimbabwe

South Africa beaches

South Africa can be proud of such wonderful beaches that it is almost impossible to find similar ones in the world. Seasonal ocean temperatures will delight even the most fastidious tourist. The beaches of Port Elizabeth and East London are very good for surfing. One of the most famous beaches in the country, Cape Vidal is famous for its sand that resembles snow. But, undoubtedly, the most beautiful is the "Wild Coast" beach located in the Eastern Cape province. Rocks and raging waves crashing into smithereens are a spectacle of unprecedented beauty that attracts tourists. In addition, there is a large penguin colony on the coast of South Africa.

Population of South Africa

The Republic of South Africa is home to 51.8 million people (according to data for 2010). In the modern demography of South Africa, two trends have emerged - a strong outflow of the white population to Europe, Australia and North America and a huge influx of black people from other African countries. The country's population is practically not growing due to the massive spread of HIV infection (one of the most high levels in the world). At the same time, the mortality rate exceeds the birth rate, and a small dynamics of population growth is present only due to mass migration from other countries.

80% of South Africa's population is black. About 9% are mulattos, the same number are white. Indians and Asians about 2.5%

Of the blacks, the most numerous are:

• Zulus - 38%
• Soto - 28%
• Spit - 11.5%
• Tswana - 6.6%.
• Tsonga and shangaan - 6.6%
• There are also Bushmen and Goggentots societies.

The literacy rate of the population is one of the highest in Africa - about 86%. (roughly equal for men and women. This indicator of female literacy is the highest in Africa)

Most of the population professes various branches of Christianity (of which there are a lot). Including about 35 thousand people are Orthodox Christians. The proportion of the Muslim population is low - less than 1.5%

In South Africa, there is a huge contrast between the population living in good conditions(15%) and half live in poverty. The unemployment rate is about 40%. Every third employee earns less than $ 50 per month. Despite all this and the relatively unstable economic situation, local population lives much better than in other African countries, where dire poverty reigns.

The average life expectancy is 50 years, while in 2000 it was only 43 years. South Africa is a rare country where the average life expectancy of a woman is less than that of a man.

Economy of the South African Republic

South Africa's economy is the most developed in Africa. This makes it the only country that is not considered part of the Third World. In terms of GDP, South Africa ranks 33rd in the world

South Africa's currency is the South African rand, which is equal to 100 South African cents.

In the bowels of South Africa there are more than 40 types of metals and minerals. Gold, platinum, diamonds, coal, iron ores are mined here. South Africa ranks first in the world in gold mining.

In addition, South Africa is the center of the African automotive industry. BMW, Hummer, Mazda, Ford and Toyota are assembled in South Africa

In addition, South Africa can be called an agricultural country. Cereals, citrus fruits, corn, cotton, sugarcane, and many other crops are grown here. South Africa also has one of the world's largest livestock of cattle and sheep.

One of the main directions of South African imports is oil, which is not available in the country at all. The Republic of South Africa has main trade ties with the USA, China, Germany, Japan and Great Britain.

At the moment, the economic policy of the state is aimed at stabilizing the economy as much as possible.

• Painting is very developed in the South African Republic (in comparison with other African states)
• The famous group Die Antwoord hails from South Africa
• A 90 km long super marathon is taking place in South Africa.
• Desiree Wilson is the first and so far the only female Formula 1 driver to have hailed from South Africa.
• South Africa hosted the 2010 FIFA World Cup
• The famous river Limpopo is located right here
• South Africa is a major wine producer
• Reservations where blacks lived during apartheid are called Bantustan
• South Africa has 11 official languages ​​at once: English, Afrikanaas, South Ndebele, Kosa, Zulu, North Soto, Sesotho, Tswana, Swazi, Venda, Tsonga.
• Black racists call the country Azania
• It was on the territory of modern South Africa that the Boers founded the Transvaal and the Orange Republic. In the future, these dwarf states desperately resisted British colonization, which aroused the delight of many contemporaries.
• During apartheid, an employer could officially refuse a black job because ... he was black.
• South Africa is the only country in Africa where homosexual marriage is legalized
• The capital Pretoria is several times smaller than the large cities of Johannesburg and Cape Town.
• More than 8 million tourists visit South Africa annually
• The only Muslim community resides in Cape Town. These are Cape Malays who make up 6% of the city's population.
• One of the official languages ​​is Afrikanaas. It is spoken by the descendants of the colonialists. It is a mixture of German, Dutch, of English language with numerous borrowings from many other languages.
• Some universities teach in Afrikanaas. Including at the most prestigious university in South Africa, Stellenbosse.
• The Republic of South Africa is a country of hunters. This is where the famous safari comes from.
• South African currency rate: 14.5 rand = one dollar