Oil paints are pigments various colors, ground to powder, which are then oil-based and mixed into paint of the desired consistency and thickness. so called because these paints are based on linseed oil.
Due to the fact that the oil has water-repellent properties, it will not be possible to mix and dilute these paints like watercolors or acrylics using water. Special solvents based on oil, white spirit and pinene allow you to reduce the pigment concentration or mix different colors between themselves. The chosen thinner may also determine the preservation of the quality of the written work.
Types of thinners
For comfortable and quick work with oil paints, there are several types of thinners, different in composition.
Linseed oil
Flaxseed oil is widely used for painting, as it has almost no odor and is completely safe for health. The paints mix well, maintaining brightness and thickness, and dry quite quickly - in about a week, if there is no dampness in the room. Flaxseed oil is consumed more slowly than other thinners, so it is economical option. The disadvantage of this solvent is the absence of varnish in the composition - this gives a matte, without shine, surface of the paint layer after drying and less resistance to destruction over time.
Artistic varnish
Artistic varnish adds color bright colors, strength of layers and enamel shine. Works painted on varnish dry quickly, but the strokes lose their texture and get decorative look, so this method is usually used for writing thumbnails. There are also special varnishes for glazing - they quickly fix a layer of paint, allowing you to apply another one on top of it. Exist different kinds varnishes: mastic, dammar, fir.
Thinner "Double"
Thinner "Double" is based on linseed oil, but a small proportion of painting varnish (for example, cedar or fir) is added. This thinner makes the paint thicker, it mixes better, and the drying speed of the layers increases. Also, after final drying, a more durable paint layer is obtained that retains its picturesque qualities for a long time. Colors remain bright and deep, and the surface of brush strokes reflects light evenly, better preserving the characteristic shine of oil paint.
White Spirit
White spirit is a common solvent for a wide variety of paints; it can be found not only in art, but also in any hardware store. White spirit is also great for washing brushes and palettes, removing dried paint, and degreasing canvas. It effectively dilutes the paint and evaporates quickly, the paint layer turns out thin and dries quickly, but at the same time, white spirit affects oil paints, disrupting their composition and binding qualities. Therefore, the disadvantage of this solvent is the fragility of the resulting paint layer and the dullness of the surface. In addition, white spirit can have a pungent odor, which causes discomfort during long-term use.
An excellent option is Lakka Bensini from Tikkurila. Affordable and with minimal odor.
Pinen
This thinner is made on the basis of turpentine, but unlike it, it is transparent, odorless and does not cause yellowing of paints. Pinene dilutes paints very well, it is convenient to mix colors on it, the paint layer is transparent, of slight thickness and dries quickly, allowing you to apply new strokes on top without the danger of mixing. This is very convenient if the picture must be painted in a limited time, but if you use only pinene when working, the paint surface will become dull when dry and will not be durable enough.
Thinner "Tee"
Contains a combination of three components - oil, varnish and thinner. The oil gives the strokes a thick consistency and helps the paint mix evenly; the thinner (most often pinene) increases the drying speed of the paint layers and finished work, varnish contributes to the durability of paints and helps maintain the shine and richness of colors. Of all the thinners, “Tee” is used most often and is perhaps the most optimal choice for efficient and fast work with oil paints.
Conclusion
Very often used in oil painting various combinations thinners and varnishes - this largely depends on the task that needs to be solved and the amount of time to work. For example, the first layer of paint is usually mixed with varnish - this gives it strength and better bonding with the canvas soil. Subsequent layers can be written with big amount thinner so that drying does not take much time.
All types of solvents, except natural oils, are moderately toxic and pose some health hazard. Therefore, during work it is necessary to take breaks and regularly ventilate the room. It is also better to choose odorless thinners for painting. Thinners should be stored in a cool, dark place, and be sure to keep the lids tightly closed.
How to paint with oil paints? You can paint simply with oil paints, without diluting them with anything. Or you can dilute them so that they become less thick. You can paint with oil paints by diluting them with oil; it is sold in art stores. It comes in flax, hemp, nut and many other varieties. The good thing about oil is that it has no odor, unlike other solvents. But the bad thing is that a painting painted only in oil takes a very long time to dry. For painting, linseed oil is mainly used.
So-called “thinners” are available commercially for oil paints(this thinner can be, for example, white spirit). However, the fact is that they are the only ones that never dilute oil paints; they are used in diluent solutions, which are used to dilute paints. These thinners should only be used for cleaning brushes and palettes. If you dilute the paints with these thinners during work, then the brushes will deteriorate and the canvas will “wither” (turn yellow, age prematurely, in general, the fabric will deteriorate).
When working with oil paints, the diluent solution is in the oil bottle (we read this)
I.The most common composition, the so-called “tee”:
Tee option No. 1
1. Scenic varnish (dammar or mastic). That is, varnish for painting.
2. Hemp or linseed oil.
3. Thinner (for example, white spirit).
Tee option No. 2
1. Painting varnish (that is, varnish for painting).
2. Hemp or flaxseed oil.
3.Turpentine.
All this is mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1
Painting varnishes- used as additives to oil paints. Don’t get confused, the varnish should be picturesque, since there are also topcoat varnishes for painting. What are topcoat varnishes used for? Of course, to cover the painting after drying. When is a painting coated with topcoat varnish? Only a year after painting. The final drying of an oil painting occurs after several years. The first drying of the painting occurs after 3-6 days. That is, this is when the painting does not stick when you touch the painting with your finger. Read more about varnishes in this article.
Of course, a lot depends on how the picture is painted, thin layer(dry brush) or thick. The drying time of the oil also depends on this, and accordingly, after what time it will be necessary to cover the painting with a topcoat varnish.
Oil: I recommended linseed and hemp oil because they dry quickly enough and form an elastic film that is insoluble in organic solvents(for example, in water). Although there are other types of oils for painting.
How to choose the best oil for oil paints, you need to look at the composition of the paint and choose the same oil as written in the composition of the oil paint, for example hemp or linseed.
What is a thinner? As a rule, it is white spirit or turpentine + white spirit. There are other compositions, these compositions in Soviet time differed in numbers.
Thinners should be stored in tightly closed bottles, as they evaporate quickly.
II.The second option for painting a picture is simply in oil.
Some artists do not make a tee, but simply pour oil into the oil can. Most often it is linseed, since it dries best among oils. The advantage of writing this way is that the oil has no smell. The downside is that oil alone will take a long time to dry without adding other components. Books, of course, recommend not to do this, since simply oil, unlike a tee, will take much longer to dry. And if you are doing underpainting, it is better not to add oil to it at all.
The drying speed of oil painting depends on the thickness of the applied layer of paint, temperature environment, air humidity and what you painted on, tee or oil.
Instructions
In order to make the paint more liquid and return it to the consistency necessary for work, use solvents. Of course, you can paint with ordinary solvent, which is available in any hardware store, but a special solvent for painting is better. These products do not give a yellow tint to the paint over time and have a less intense odor. Be sure to consult with the salesperson at the art store and, if in doubt, ask him to help you.
Try thinning your paints with oil. For artistic purposes, any vegetable is suitable, but flaxseed is most often used. Ordinary gum turpentine or artistic varnish are also perfect for these purposes. Keep in mind that when thinned, oil paints can lose color and look much paler, but once the solvent evaporates, they return to their original color. That is why it is necessary to dilute paints very carefully, constantly checking the result on a separate test canvas. For a softer effect, use a mixture of artist's varnish, oil and turpentine in equal proportions.
Adjust the amount of solvent very carefully. If the ratio is incorrect, the solvent can make the paint too loose, depriving it of its original properties. In addition, even if the color and structure do not change, heavily diluted paint will adhere less well to the canvas, since the solvent destroys the binding links in the paint. If the paint and solvent are selected, they increase the permeability of the paint and help it adhere more firmly to the canvas, making the top layer stronger.
note
It should be remembered that the drying speed of the work on the canvas depends on the properties of the solvent you choose for your paint. If you need the paint to dry faster, it is better to use turpentine or artistic varnish, and if you need longer drying, add oil to the mixture in the required proportion.
If, when diluting oil paints, you want to make their shade less bright and intense, you need to add white or white to the solvent or varnish. light tone warm shade.
Sources:
- how to dilute oil paints
Essential oils in any cosmetics - best sign quality. They can be used in creams, massage oils, and bath compositions. Two more traditional way applications essential oils– aromatherapy and perfume making. You can prepare a lot of useful aromatic compounds yourself. To do this, you need to know how to dilute oils.
You will need
- * A few drops of 100% essential oil. You can use several types for a complex composition.
- * Base oil is an inexpensive natural oil with a mild odor. For example, flaxseed oil, peach oil, corn oil, cedar oil, sweet almond oil, grape seeds and others.
- * Essential oils can be added to any cosmetical tools, so you can immediately prepare a jar of your favorite cream.
- * Pipette, tablespoon and teaspoon.
- * Dark glass bottle with a tight-fitting lid.
- *Remember the formula:
- 1 ml of oil is equal to 20 drops; 5 ml is a teaspoon, 20 ml is a tablespoon.
- 1% oil – 1 drop of essential oil per 5 ml of base oil.
- 2% - 2 drops - 5 ml.
- 3% - 3 drops - 5 ml.
- 5% - 5 drops - 5 ml.
- 10% - 10 drops - 5 ml, etc.
Instructions
Compositions for aroma lamps 1-5%, for perfumes 10-20%. Recipes for . Soothing composition, for sound sleep: sandalwood 2, neroli 2 drops, incense 1 drop, basic 15 ml. Destroying composition unpleasant odors: 2 drops, mint 1, rosemary 1 drop, base oil 5 ml. Invigorating: neroli 2 drops, juniper 1 drop, cinnamon 1 drop, mint 1 drop, base oil 10 ml.
To obtain a perfumed composition of the same oils, it is necessary to contain up to 10-20% essential oils.
To enrich creams and ointments with essential oil, we use a concentration of 5%. You don't need base oil for this. Add 5 drops per 5 ml of ointment and stir the composition well. For daily care For any skin type, the following oils are suitable in nourishing creams: avocado, jojoba, ylang-ylang, cedar, cypress, lavender, sandalwood. Rosemary, rose, jasmine, almond, and neroli have a rejuvenating effect. Antiseptic ointments for problem skin can be enhanced with tea tree, mint, sea buckthorn, and calendula oils.
We make compositions for massage at 4%. Recipes for anti-cellulite mixtures:
- Juniper 2 drops, fennel 2 drops, lemon 1 drop per 6 ml of base oil. - Juniper 3 drops, 1 drop each of rosemary, geranium and sage per 6 ml of base oil. Soothing composition: bergamot 2 drops, geranium 2 drops, ylang- Ylang 1 drop per 5 ml of base oil.
note
It is important to store creams and ointments enriched with natural oils in the refrigerator. And the oils themselves should be kept in dark glass bottles away from direct sunlight.
Helpful advice
Remember that essential oils are best absorbed into damp skin. It is good to apply the cream after washing, without wiping it into your face. You can do the same thing after a shower, applying oil to your entire body. The compositions of essential oils are light and absorb well without leaving a greasy film on the skin.
Related article
It will be no secret that oil paints are the most popular type of paint among artists. Many of them consider oil paints to be the most perfect and worthy means of displaying the beautiful world around them.
We bring to your attention a review article about the composition of paints, their advantages and dilution methods.
Composition of artistic oil paints
As a rule, oil paints are applied to the canvas in a diluted form. For this purpose, special diluents are used, in particular linseed oil or turpentine. This product is added to the paint using a brush or palette knife.
Oil paints consist of coloring pigments and oil, which is a binding component.
The pigment adds color to the paint and serves as a thickener. This substance is a regular powder, so it cannot be applied to canvas without additional element. In order for the paint to acquire the desired consistency, vegetable oil (traditionally, linseed) is mixed with the pigment.
How do you dilute oil paints?
On initial stage It is recommended to use a thinner to thin the paint. Often it consists of identical parts linseed oil and turpentine. The resulting mixture allows the paint to dry quickly enough. Thanks to its use, layers of paint do not crack.
Thinner for oil paints
Flax oil is both integral part oil paints and thinner. Due to exposure to air, it oxidizes, allowing the paint to dry. By adding linseed oil, you can achieve an effect in which layers of paint become more shiny and transparent.
Due to the fact that oil paint dries rather slowly, artists achieve the desired color transition.
The amount of oil contained in the paint determines how quickly it can dry. During drying, linseed oil does not evaporate, so it must be added in moderation.
Turpentine is also capable of diluting oil paints, but has a slightly different effect on them. During the drying process, it evaporates, so the layer of dried paint cracks. This substance is used to make paints dry faster. In addition, due to dilution with turpentine, oil paint looks matte.
When to add solvent
Before applying paint to the surface of the canvas, oil paints must be brought to a certain consistency. If you dilute the paint more, it will be more transparent, and the pattern and texture of the canvas will become clearly visible.
The ability to apply light transparent strokes is distinctive feature oil painting.
How to properly dilute paints
Thinning paints with a brush is very easy: dip a clean brush into the solvent, and then transfer it to the paint on the palette. Mix the paint and thinner using a circular, uniform motion until a homogeneous consistency is formed. This action is repeated until the required paint density is achieved.
To thin paints using a palette knife, you need to do the following: dip the tip of the palette knife into the thinner, and then mix it with a certain color of paint on the palette. As a result, the blade will slide like a flat ball across the canvas. If the paints spread, they need to be collected with the edge of a palette knife and mixed until the consistency is sufficiently viscous and homogeneous.
Application of oilers
As a rule, oilers are combined with a thinner. These devices come in both single and double versions. Typically, a mixture of turpentine and linseed oil is poured into the first type of oiler. The second type is used for mixtures and pure turpentine. Both types of thinners make it possible to achieve interesting effects in oil painting. Thanks to a special clamp, the oilers are attached to the palette.
Using turpentine
You can also dilute oil paints with turpentine, but it is still not recommended for this purpose. This product is great for cleaning paint from brushes, palettes and palette knives. It must be remembered that after drying, oil paint becomes very durable, so you should not allow the tools to remain in the paint after finishing the work. To do this, you need to remove all paint residues from your brushes, palette and palette knife.
Pbenefits of oilssbeautifulOK:
- Dense and pure colors. These paints are easily mixed, so you can get almost any desired shade and color, no matter whether it is dark or light, bright or muted.
- Unlike acrylic paint, oil paint remains wet on the canvas for a long time. This allows you to mix the desired colors directly on the painting.
- These paints can be applied directly on top of each other in multiple layers. At the same time, the colors do not become cloudy, as happens with watercolors.
- No less important feature oil paints is that when working with them you can very easily correct mistakes. This type of paint can be easily removed from the surface of the canvas using different instruments. For these purposes, you can use a palette knife, spatula or a regular cloth. If the layer of oil paints has already dried, you can apply a new layer on top of it.
For most people, at some point there comes a time when they are faced with the need to use oil paint for some purpose. But due to the fact that part of it after use for a long time remains unclaimed, the paint thickens or dries out. In such a situation, it can be diluted to working condition.
Types of oil paints
According to their purpose, they are conventionally divided into two groups:
- Construction oil solutions. They, in turn, are divided into thickly grated and ready-made. Thickly grated solutions must be diluted with solvents intended specifically for these mixtures. Ready-made compositions are diluted with solvents only in case of thickening and when a liquid consistency of the solution is required.
- Artistic varieties of oil paints. They are mainly used for drawing, both professional and amateur. They are also used to produce artistic paintings various interior compositions. To dilute such solutions, special diluents are required.
Construction
Artistic
Below are the solvents used for the group of construction oil mixtures.
Drying oil
It is the main component in the manufacture of oil paints, and also a universal solvent for all works where it is used. Because these materials contain a high percentage of drying oil, when painted, a thin film is obtained on the surface.
You should pay attention to what type of drying oil is present in their composition. Information about this can be read on the paint can - it is this type of drying oil that needs to be added for dilution.
Exist generally accepted standards, by which oil paints are classified. In addition to drying oil, the compositions include certain fillers and various pigmenting components. For mixtures that have a single component, the name corresponds to this component, for example, ocher.
Possibility of using paints on various surfaces is marked with the number 2 if the same brand of drying oil was used for dilution as in its production. Oil mixtures are also classified according to different types drying oils, taking into account the basis on which they were made.
- Combined (composite) drying oil. It is not used for its production state standards. In this regard, the composition of such drying oil includes toxic components. It is not recommended to use paint made on the basis of this drying oil in rooms where people or animals live, as the unpleasant odor persists long time after the composition has dried. This mixture is labeled with the abbreviation MA-025.
- Natural drying oil. The production of natural drying oil is based on vegetable oils (up to 97%) and about 3% remains for the addition of drier. It is customary to paint everything with paint made from this drying oil. required surfaces inside residential buildings. The marking of this coloring composition is MA-021.
- As a substitute natural composition release artificial glyphthalic drying oil. Marking – GF-023.
- Pentaphthalic. It has a composition including natural oils, glycerin, drier, and phthalic anhydride. The marking of drying oil with this composition is PF-024.
Composite drying oil
Natural drying oil
Pentaphthalic
Glyphthalic
In accordance with GOST requirements, the packaging of all types of paint and varnish products indicates which solvents can be used for each type and their required proportions. A prerequisite is also to indicate the required mixture consumption per 1 square meter. m.
Turpentine
This composition is very popular as a diluent. There are two types of turpentine that are used for work. These include wood and turpentine turpentine.
Wood is made from wood components containing resin. Initially, the solution is dark in color, but after certain processing it acquires a transparent tint. When distilling resin coniferous species get turpentine turpentine. It has many properties that are used in various fields other than dissolution.
By diluting paints with a similar solvent, you can achieve faster drying of painted surfaces. But the disadvantage of using such a composition is the specific smell, as a result of which work should be carried out with active ventilation.
White Spirit
They can replace turpentine. The availability of this tool determines its popularity. Varieties of white spirit without a strong odor are also available. This liquid is very convenient to use due to its slow evaporation; work can be done slowly, with special care. Positive quality It is also that the color of the mixture does not change when white spirit is introduced.
Solvent
To dilute oil paints, solvent number 647 is used. There may be other designations - this depends on the components from which the composition is made. But you should not use products that contain acetone.
Oil mixtures should be diluted with solvent carefully, as too a large number of liquid may deteriorate the quality of the paint.
Gasoline and kerosene
Used for dilution if there are no other solvents and only for outdoor work. The specific smell is a predominant drawback - it can cause dizziness and even possible poisoning. But in hopeless cases of thickening of the material, it is recommended to use kerosene to dilute it - to do this, you must first mix it with a drier or turpentine.
The use of kerosene increases the drying time of painted surfaces.
Dilution procedure
Compliance with the dilution order is very important for a high-quality result. Below is the order of this process.
First you need to open the jar, evaluate the thickness, and mix thoroughly with the means at hand.
Carefully determine the required proportion, which depends on the type of solvent used and the thickness of the paint. To avoid deterioration in quality, the introduced liquid should not exceed 5% of the total mass. But if the mixture is planned to be used as a primer, then the volume of solvent can be increased to 10%.
To achieve the required quality, the diluent is added directly to the jar, little by little and stirred thoroughly after each addition.
You can use the prepared mixture if the paint begins to thicken during the painting process. It is brought to the desired consistency by adding required quantity solvent.
If the mixture remains open and a characteristic film has formed on the surface, it should be carefully removed, since the hard conglomerates formed when the paint is mixed with the film cannot be dissolved, and removing them will be very problematic.
Then you need to add a little kerosene, which is pre-mixed with white spirit. After this, the mixture is thoroughly mixed and the prepared solvent is added as needed until the desired result is achieved.
Dilution of oil art paints
Their use is mainly widespread for creating highly artistic design works, paintings and other creative moments. Artistic paints are characterized by a thick structure, wide color scheme, significant ease of mixing, and when correcting errors there are no great difficulties.
Diluted mixtures are widely used by artists, but they dry out quite quickly, as a result of which they are regularly diluted.
It should be borne in mind that a large amount of thinner increases the drying time, since the oil does not evaporate.
Types of thinners used
There are several groups of popular thinners used by professional artists. These include compositions made on the basis of vegetable oils, varnishes, as well as doubles, tees and pinene.
- Oil. Common vegetable oils of various origins, such as linseed, poppy, sunflower, hemp, have long been used by artists for diluting paints.
- Varnishes are made on the basis of diluted resins. When used as a thinner, the paint structure becomes denser and promotes better adhesion to the canvas. Special varnishes are made to be added to thinners to thin oil paints.
- Double and tee. As the name suggests, a double is a diluent containing two components. These components are varnish, as well as vegetable oils, composed in proportions that artists often select on their own. In the tee, a thinner is added to the above components.
- Pinen. Otherwise it is called “thinner No. 4”. It is used to dissolve and dilute compounds.
Pinen