Rules of the device of electrical installations
7th edition
Section 2 Electricity Transmission
CHAPTER 2.4 Electric lines with voltage up to 1 kV
Date of introduction 2003-10-01
Preface
Developed based on requirements state standards, construction standards and rules, recommendations of scientific and technical councils for the consideration of projects of chapters. Projects of chapters are considered by the working groups of the Coordination Council on the revision of PUE
Prepared by AOOT "RESEP", co-valve - JSC "Firm OrgRes"
Agreed in the prescribed manner with the state system of Russia, Gosgortkhnadzor of Russia, RAO "UES of Russia" (OJSC "VNIIE") and presented to the statenergoador statement of the Ministry of Energy of Russia
From October 1, 2003, chapter 2.4 "Rules of the Electric Installation Device" of the Sixth Edition
Requirements of the rules of electrical installations are required for all organizations regardless of the forms of ownership and organizational and legal forms, as well as for individuals employed business activities without the formation of a legal entity.
Application area. Definitions
2.4.1. This head of the rules extends to the AC power lines by a voltage to 1 kV, performed using isolated or uninsulated wires.
Additional requirements for VL to 1 kV are given in GL.2.5, 6.3 and 7.7.
Cable inserts in line and cable branches from the line must be performed in accordance with the requirements of ChL.2.3.
2.4.2. The air line (VL) of power supply by voltage up to 1 kV is a device for transmitting and distributing electricity using an isolated or uninsulated wires located outdoors and attached linear reinforcement to supports, insulators or brackets, to the walls of buildings and engineering structures.
The power line of power supply with a voltage up to 1 kV using self-supporting insulated wires (SIP) is denoted.
The self-supporting insulated wire - twisted in the harness insulated veins, and the carrier vein can be both isolated and uninsulated. The mechanical load can be perceived or carrier living, or all the guitance conductors.
2.4.3. Highway Vl is a line of line from the supply transformer substation to the end support.
Linear branches or branches to the input can be attached to the highway.
A linear branch from the lines of the line attached to the lines of the VL, which has more than two spans.
A branch from VL to enter - a plot from the support of the highway or linear branch to the clamp (input insulator).
A branch from the blast is allowed to be performed in the span.
2.4.4. The state of the BL in the calculations of the mechanical part:
normal mode - mode with non-vocabulary;
emergency mode - mode for torn wires;
mounting mode - mode under the installation of supports and wires.
The mechanical calculation of VL to 1 kV in emergency mode is not performed.
General requirements
2.4.5. The mechanical calculation of the elements of the WL should be made according to the methods set forth in GL.2.5.
2.4.6. The power lines of the transmission should be placed so that the supports do not block the entrances to buildings and entrances to the courtyards and did not make it difficult to move the movements and pedestrians. In places where there is a danger of transportation of transport (at the entrances to the courtyards, near the congresses from the roads, when crossing roads), supports must be protected from the departure (for example, jackhamped stands).
2.4.7. On the supports of the VL at a height of at least 2 m from the Earth, 250 m on the VL highway must be installed (applied): the sequence number of the support; The posters on which the distances are indicated from the BL support to the cable line (on the supports mounted at a distance less than 4 m to the communication cables), the width of the security zone and the owner's telephone owner.
2.4.8. Under the passage of lilt on forests and green planting, cutting off is not required. At the same time, the distance from the wires to the trees and bushes with the largest arrows of the SIP and the greatest deviation should be at least 0.3 m.
During the passage of VL with uninsulated wires on forests and green deforestation, the deforestation is not required. At the same time, the distance from the wires with the highest arrows of the provice or the greatest deviation to trees and bushes should be at least 1 m.
The distance from insulated wires to green plantings should be at least 0.5 m.
2.4.9. The structures of the WL support should be protected from corrosion based on requirements 2.5.25, 2.5.26 and construction standards and rules.
2.4.10. The protection of electric overloads should be performed in accordance with the requirements of Ch. 3.1.
Climatic conditions
2.4.11. Climatic conditions for calculating VL to 1 kV in normal mode should be taken as for VL to 20 kV in accordance with 2.5.38-2.5.74. At the same time, for VL to 1 kV, it should be taken:
when calculating 2.5.52: \u003d 1.1 - for SIP, free or holled-coated;
when calculating 2.5.54 and 2.5.55:
0.8 - for monotoned ll;
0.9 - for monotoned VL with suspension on PV supports;
1.0 I. 1.2 - for two-charted and multi vessels, as well as the suspension on the supports of the self-supporting non-metallic optical cable (OXN);
1.0 I. 1.0 - in all cases.
2.4.12. The calculation of the length of the span of branch from VL to entering 2.4.20 should be performed in ice-free mode for two cases:
1) The direction of the wind at an angle of 90 ° to the axis of the VL, the WP wires are covered with iceb.e., Holled wall thickness on branch wiresb.0 =0,5 b.e.;
2) Wind direction along the VL (angle 0 °), the thickness of the ice wall on the branch wiresb.0 = b.e..
At the same time, in both cases, it is necessary to take into account the reduction of branching wires with the deviation of the top of the support.
Wires. Linear fittings
2.4.13. On VL should, as a rule, apply self-supporting insulated wires (SIP).
SIP should refer to the category of protected, have an isolation from the employed light-stabilized synthetic materialResistant to ultraviolet radiation and ozone effects.
2.4.14. Under the conditions of mechanical strength on highways of the VL, on linear branch from VL and on branches, the wires with minimal sections specified in Table 2.4.1 and 2.4.2 should be used to inputs.
Table 2.4.1
Minimum allowable sections of insulated wires
|
b.e., mm |
Cross section of carrier , on the highway, vli, on linear branch from |
The cross-section of the veins on the branches from VLI and from VL to inputs, |
|
35 (25) * |
||
|
15 or more |
50 (25) * |
________________
* In brackets, the cross-section of the veins of self-supporting insulated wires twisted in the harness, without a carrier wire.
Table 2.4.2
Minimum allowable sections of uninsulated and insulated wires
|
The normative wall thickness of the iceb.e., mm |
Wire material |
The cross section of the wire on the highway and linear branch, mm |
|
Aluminum (a), neckerographer aluminum alloy (AN) |
||
|
Style Aluminum (AS), heat treated aluminum alloy (already) |
||
|
Copper (m) |
||
|
15 or more |
A, An. AS, Already M |
|
2.4.15. When working in places, there is a destruction of wires from corrosion (coast of seas, salt lakes, industrial areas and areas of saline sands), as well as in places where on the basis of the research data it is possible to apply self-supporting insulated wires with an isolated residential .
2.4.16. The truck should, as a rule, should be carried out by wireless cross-section.
The sections of the phase wires of the VD highway are recommended to take at least 50 .
2.4.17. The mechanical calculation of the wires should be made according to the method of allowable stresses for the conditions specified in 2.5.38-2.5.74. In this case, the voltages in the wires should not exceed the allowable stresses given in Table 2.4.3, and the distances from the wires to the surface of the Earth, intersected structures and grounded elements of the supports must meet the requirements of this chapter.
Table 2.4.3.
Permissible mechanical voltage in wires VL to 1 kV
|
The wire |
Permissible tension,% tensile strength |
|
|
with the greatest load and lower temperature |
at average annual temperature |
|
|
Sip section 25-120 |
||
|
Aluminum cross section : |
||
|
25-95 |
||
|
From heat-treated and non-working aluminum alloy cross section, : |
||
|
25-95 |
||
|
Stalaniminum cross section : |
||
|
35-95 |
||
When calculating, the parameters of the wires shown in Table 2.5.8 are used.
2.4.18. All types of mechanical loads and impacts on SIP with a carrier residential should perceive this lived, and on a SIP without a carrier wire - all the veins of the twisted harness should be perceived.
2.4.19. The length of the span of branch from VL to the commissioning should be determined by the calculation depending on the strength of the support, on which the branch, the height of the suspension of the branch wires on the support and on the input, quantity and sections of the branch wires.
Upon distances from the highway, VL to the building exceeding the calculated values \u200b\u200bof the span of branch, is set neighborhood Additional supports.
2.4.20. Selecting the secting of current-carrying conductors for a long time permissible current should be carried out taking into account the requirements of ChL.1.3.
The cross section of current-host conductor should be checked by the heating condition with short circuits (KZ) and thermal resistance.
2.4.21. Fastening, SIP connection and accession to SIP should be performed as follows:
1) the fastening of the wire of the highway was carried out on intermediate and angular intermediate supports - using supporting clamps;
2) the fastening of the wire of the highway was carried out on the supports of anchor type, as well as the terminal fastening of the branch wires on the support of the Vley and input - using tension clamps;
3) the connection of the wire was in the span - with the help of special connecting clamps; In the hinges of the anchor type supports, it is allowed to connect a non-insulated carrier wire using a spot clamp. Connecting clamps intended for connecting the carrier wire in the span must have mechanical strength at least 90% of the explosive effort of the wire;
4) the compound of phase wires of the highway was using connecting clamps having an insulating coating or a protective insulating sheath;
5) the connection of the wires in the span of the branch to the input is not allowed;
6) the connection of grounding conductors - with the help of radiation clamps;
7) The branch clamps should be applied in cases:
branches from phase lived, with the exception of a SIP with all carriages of the harness;
branch from the carrier vein.
2.4.22. The fastening of supporting and tensioning clamps to the supports of the lint, walls of buildings and structures should be performed using hooks and brackets.
2.4.23. Estimated efforts in supporting and tensioning clamps, attachment nodes and brackets in normal mode should not exceed 40% of their mechanical destructive load.
2.4.24. Connections of wires in the spans should be performed using connecting clamps that provide mechanical strength of at least 90% of the explosive wires.
In one span, no more than one connection on each wire is allowed.
In flights of intersection of VL with engineering facilities The connection of WL wires is not allowed.
The connection of wires in the hinges of the anchor supports must be made using clips or welding.
Wires of different marks or sections must be connected only in the hinges of the anchor supports.
2.4.25. Fastening of uninsulated wires to insulators and insulating traverses on the supports of the WL, with the exception of supports for intersections, it is recommended to perform single one.
Fastening of uninsulated wires to pin with insulators on intermediate supports should be performed, as a rule, on the neck of the insulator from its inner side with respect to the support rack.
2.4.26. Hooks and pins should be calculated in the normal mode of operation VL according to the method of destroying loads.
At the same time, efforts should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bgiven in 2.5.101.
Location of wires on supports
2.4.27. On supports allowed any location of isolated and uninsulated wire wires regardless of the area of \u200b\u200bclimatic conditions. Zero wire WL with uninsulated wires, as a rule, it is necessary to have below phase wires. The insulated wires of the outdoor lighting deployed on the supports of the blast can be placed above or below the SIP, as well as to be twisted in the SIP harness. Uninsulated and insulated wires of outdoor lighting, laid down on the supports of the VL, should be located, as a rule, over PEN (RE) conductor Vl.
2.4.28. The devices installed on the supports should be placed at a height of at least 1.6 m from the surface of the Earth.
The protective and partitioning devices installed on the supports must be placed below the WL wires.
2.4.29. The distances between the uninsulated wires on the support and in the flight on the conditions of their convergence in the span with the highest arrows of the provice to 1.2 m should be at least:
with the vertical location of the wires and the location of the wires with a horizontal displacement of no more than 20 cm: 40 cm in I, II and III areas on ice, 60 cm in IV and special areas on ice;
with other locations of the wires in all areas of ice at the wind speed with ice: up to 18 m / s - 40 cm, more than 18 m / s - 60 cm.
With the highest arrow of the provice more than 1.2 m, the distances should be enlarged in proportion to the ratio of the highest prime boom to the lilators of the wire equal to 1.2 m.
2.4.30. The vertical distance between isolated and uninsulated wires of various phases on a support during a branch from VL and with the intersection of different VLs on a common support should be at least 10 cm.
The distances from the wires of the VL to any elements of the support should be at least 5 cm.
2.4.31. With a joint suspension on common supports, VLI and VL to 1 kV vertical distance between them on the support and in the span at ambient temperature plus 15 ° C without wind should be at least 0.4 m.
2.4.32. With a joint suspension on common supports of two or more, the distance between the SIP bundles should be at least 0.3 m.
2.4.33. When a joint suspension on the common supports of the wires of VL to 1 kV and wires of the VL to 20 kV, the vertical distance between the nearest wires of the VL of different stresses on the overall support, as well as in the middle of the span at ambient temperature, plus 15 ° C without wind should be at least:
1.0 M. - when suspension SIP with insulated carrier and with all carriages;
1.75 M. - when suspension SIP with uninsulated carrier wire;
2.0 M. - when suspension of uninsulated and insulated wires VL to 1 square meters.
2.4.34. When the suspension on the overall supports of the wires of VL to 1 kV and the protected wires of the VLZ 6-20 kV (see 2.5.1) vertical distance between the nearest wires of VL to 1 kV and VLZ 6-20 kV on the support and in the span at a temperature plus 15 ° C Without winds should be at least 0.3 m for SIP and 1.5 m for uninsulated and insulated wires of VL to 1 kV.
Insulation
2.4.35. The self-supporting insulated wire is attached to the supports without the use of insulators.
2.4.36. On WL with non-insulated and insulated wires, regardless of the material of the supports, the degree of contamination of the atmosphere and the intensity of the thunderstorm activity should be used insulators or traverse from insulating materials.
The choice and calculation of insulators and fittings are performed in accordance with 2.5.100.
2.4.37. On the supports of branches from WL with uninsulated and insulated wires, it should, as a rule, should be used by multi-track or additional insulators.
Ground. Protection against overvoltages
2.4.38. On the BL supports, grounding devices should be performed, intended for re-grounding, protection against thunderstorm overvoltages, grounding of electrical equipment installed on the supports of the VL. The resistance of the grounding device should be no more than 30 ohms.
2.4.39. Metal supports metal constructions and the reinforced concrete elements of the supports must be attached to Ren.-Ran.
2.4.40. On reinforced concrete supports Ren.The conductory should be attached to the reinforced concrete racks and pods of the supports.
2.4.41. Hooks and pins of wooden supports WLs, as well as metal and reinforced concrete supports on the suspension on them, a sip with an isolated carrier conductor or with all carriages of harness, grounding is not subject to, with the exception of hooks and pins on the supports where repeated grounding and grounding for protection against atmospheric overvoltages.
2.4.42. Hooks, pins and armature of supports voltage up to 1 kV, limiting the span intersection, as well as supports on which a joint suspension is performed must be grounded.
2.4.43. On wooden supports, when switching to the cable line, the ground conductor must be attached to Ren.- conductor VL and to a metal cable shell.
2.4.44. Protective devices installed on WL supports to protect against thunderstorm overvoltages must be attached to the earthing in a separate descent.
2.4.45. The connection of grounding conductors among themselves, joining them to the upper grounding releases of reinforced concrete supports, to hooks and brackets, as well as to grounded metal structures and to grounded electrical equipment installed on BL supports, should be welding or bolted.
Attaching grounding conductors (descents) to the grounding in Earth should also be welding or have bolted connections.
2.4.46. In the populated area with single and two-storey buildings, the WL must have grounding devices intended for protection against atmospheric overvoltages. Resistance to these grounding devices should be no more than 30 ohms, and the distances between them should be no more than 200 m for areas with the number of thunderstorm clocks in a year to 40, 100 m - for areas with the number of thunder hours in a year more than 40.
In addition, grounding devices must be completed:
1) on supports with branches to inputs in buildings in which a large number of people (schools, nursery, hospitals) can be focused or which represent a greater material value (livestock and poultry houses, warehouses);
2) on the terminal supports of lines having branches to inputs, while the greatest distance from the adjacent grounding of the same lines should be no more than 100 m for areas with the number of thunderstorms of the year to 40 and 50 m - for areas with the number of thunder hours in the year More than 40.
2.4.47. At the beginning and end of each highway, the Wires on the Wires are recommended to install clamps to attach the voltage and portable grounding devices.
Grounding protection devices from thunder overvoltages are recommended to combine repeated grounding Ren.- Holder.
2.4.48. Requirements for grounding remedies and protective conductors are given in 1.7.102, 1.7.103, 1.7.126. As grounding conductors, round steel, having an anti-corrosion coating with a diameter with a diameter of at least 6 mm, is allowed.
2.4.49. The delay of the WL support must be attached to the grounding conductor.
Support
2.4.50. Supports from various materials can be used on the WL.
For VL, the following types of support should be applied:
1) Intermediate, installed on direct sections of the voltage voltage. These supports in normal operating modes should not perceive the efforts directed along the VL;
2) Anchor, installed to limit anchor span, as well as in places of change of the number, grades and sections of wires VL. These supports should be perceived in the normal modes of efforts on the difference of wires, directed along the VL;
3) Corners installed in places to change the direction of the route VL. These supports at normal operation modes should perceive the resulting load from the removal of the wires of adjacent spans. Corner supports can be intermediate and anchor type;
4) End, installed at the beginning and end of the VL, as well as in places that limit cable inserts. They are supports of anchor type and should perceive in normal modes of operation of unilaterally all wires.
Supports on which branches are performed from VL are called branch; Supports on which the intersection of vl of different directions or the intersection of Wl with engineering structures is cross. These supports can be all specified types.
2.4.51. The designs of the supports must provide the ability to install:
lamps of street lighting of all types;
terminal cable couplings;
protective devices;
partitioning and switching devices;
cabinets and panels for connecting electrical receivers.
2.4.52. Supports regardless of their type can be freestanding, with pins or dents.
Opporting supports can be attached to anchors installed in the ground, or to stone, brick, reinforced concrete and metal elements Buildings and structures. The delay cross section is determined by the calculation. They can be multi-breed or round steel. Section of single-wire steel delay should be at least 25 .
2.4.53. Supports should be calculated on the first and second limit in the normal operation of the operation of the WL on the climatic conditions of 2.4.11 and 2.4.12.
Intermediate supports should be designed for the following combinations of loads:
the simultaneous effect of the transverse wind load on the wires, free or holled-contained, and on the design of the support, as well as the load on the removal of branching wires to the inputs free from ice or partially covered with ice (by 2.4.12);
on the load from the removal of branches of branches to the inputs coated with the holel, while taking into account the deviation of the support under the action of the load;
on the conditional estimated load, equal to 1.5 kN, attached to the top of the support and directed along the axis of the VL.
Corner supports (intermediate and anchor) must be calculated on the resulting load from the drainage of wires and the wind load on the wires and the design of the support.
Anchor supports must be calculated on the difference in the remittance of the wires of adjacent spans and the transverse load from the wind pressure during ice and without ice on the wires and the design of the support. Behind the smallest value Treatment differences should take 50% the greatest value One-sided population of all wires.
End supports must be designed for unilateral waste of all wires.
Distributory supports are calculated on the resulting load from all wires.
2.4.54. When installing the supports on the sleeves of the track, where the soil or ice drifts are possible, the supports must be strengthened (security of the Earth, the mixing, the device of the banquet facilities, installation of icebreakers).
Dimensions, intersections and rapprochement
2.4.55. The distance vertically from the wires was carried to the surface of the Earth in the populated and unanished area to the Earth and the roadway of the streets should be at least 5 m. It can be reduced in a hard-to-reach area up to 2.5 m and in an inaccessible (slopes of mountains, rocks, rocks) - up to 1 m.
When crossing the non-coming part of the streets of branches from the vli to the inputs in the building of the distance from SIP to the sidewalks of the pedestrian tracks is allowed to reduce to 3.5 m.
The distance from SIP and insulated wires to the surface of the Earth on branches to enter should be at least 2.5 m.
The distance from uninsulated wires to the surface of the Earth on branches to the inputs should be at least 2.75 m.
2.4.56. The distance from the wires of the WL in the populated and unandlared area with the highest arrows of wires to the ground and the roadway of the streets should be at least 6 m. The distance from the wires to the Earth can be reduced in a hard-to-reach area to 3.5 m and in an inaccessible area (the slopes of the mountains , rocks, cliffs) - up to 1 m.
2.4.57. The distance horizontally from the SIP with their largest deviation to elements of buildings and structures should be at least:
1.0 M.
0.2 M. - to deaf walls of buildings, structures.
It is allowed to pass through the roofs of buildings and structures (except for the roofs of buildings and structures (except for the roofs of GL.7.3 and 7.4), while the distance from them to the vertical wires should be at least 2.5 m.
2.4.58. The distance horizontally from the wires of the VL with the greatest deviation to buildings and structures should be at least:
1.5 M. - to balconies, terraces and windows;
1.0 M. - to deaf walls.
The passage of VL with uninsulated wires over buildings and structures is not allowed.
2.4.59. The smallest distance from the SIP and wires to the surface of the Earth or water, as well as to various structures during the passage of VL above them is determined when highest temperature Air without taking into account the heating of wire conductions with electric shock.
2.4.60. When laying on the walls of buildings and facilities minimum distance From the SIP should be:
with horizontal strip
above the window, the entrance door - 0.3 m;
under the balcony, window, cornice - 0.5 m;
to the ground - 2.5 m;
with vertical strip
to the window - 0.5 m;
to the balcony, the front door is 1.0 m.
The distance in the light between the SIP and the building wall or the construction should be at least 0.06 m.
2.4.61. Horizontal distances from underground parts supports or heads of supports to underground cables, pipelines and ground columns various destination must be not less shown in Table 2.4.4.
Table 2.4.4.
The smallest permissible distance horizontally from the underground parts of the supports or grounding devices of the supports to underground cables, pipelines and ground columns
|
Object rapprochement |
Distance, M. |
|
Water, steam and heat pipes, distribution gas pipelines, sewer pipes |
|
|
Fire hydrants, wells, sewage hatches, water disposal |
|
|
Cables (except communication cables, alarm and wired broadcasting, see also 2.4.77) |
|
|
The same, but when laying them in an insulating pipe |
2.4.62. When crossing the WL with various structures, as well as with streets and squares settlements The angle of intersection is not normalized.
2.4.63. The intersection of VL with shipping rivers and channels is not recommended. If necessary, the implementation of such an intersection should be constructed in accordance with the requirements of 2.5.268-2.5.272. When crossing non-good rivers and channels, the smallest distances from the wires of the VL to the greatest water level should be at least 2 m, and to the level of ice - at least 6 m.
2.4.64. The intersections and rapprochement of a voltage voltage to 1 kV with voltage above 1 kV, as well as the joint suspension of their wires on common supports should be carried out in compliance with the requirements given in 2.5.220-2.5.230.
2.4.65. The intersection of VL (VLI) to 1 sq. Between itself, it is recommended to perform at cross supports; Also allowed their intersection in the span. The vertical distance between the wires of intersecting VL (VLI) must be at least: 0.1 m on the support, 1 m in the span.
2.4.66. In places of intersection of VL to 1 sV, intermediate supports and supports of anchor type can be used.
When intersection of an array of intersection, it is possible to choose the place of intersection, it is possible to choose a closer to the support of the upper crossing l.
2.4.67. With parallel passage and convergence of VL to 1 kV and VL above 1 kV, the distance between them horizontally should be at least listed at 2.5.230.
2.4.68. The joint suspension of the wires of VL to 1 kV and uninsulated wires of the VL to 20 kV on common supports is allowed when complying with the following conditions:
2) VL wires up to 20 kV should be placed above wires of VL to 1 kV;
3) VL wires up to 20 kV, fixed on pin insulators, should have a double fastening.
2.4.69. During the suspension on the overall supports of the wires of VL to 1 kV and the protected wires of the VLZ 6-20 kV, the following requirements must be followed:
1) VL to 1 kV must be performed on the calculated climatic conditions Vl up to 20 kV;
2) VLZ 6-20 kV wires must be located, as a rule, above wires of VL to 1 kV;
3) Fastening the wires of VLZ 6-20 kV on the pin insulators should be carried out reinforced.
2.4.70. When crossing the VL (VLI) with a voltage of above 1 kV, the distance from wires crossing VL to the intersected VL (VLI) must comply with the requirements given in 2.5.221 and 2.5.227.
The cross-section of the wiring of the intersected VL should be taken in accordance with 2.5.223.
Crossing, rapprochement, joint suspension Wl with communication lines, wired broadcasting and RK
2.4.71. The angle of intersection of the VL with drugs * and HPF should be close to 90 °. For cramping conditions, the crossing angle is not normalized.
_______________
* Under drugs should be understood the links of the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation and other departments, as well as the alarm lines of the Ministry of Communications.
Under HDF should be understood the lines of wired broadcasting.
Air lines of communication in their purpose are divided into a long-distance telephone line (MTS), a lines of the rural telephone (STS), a lines of urban telephone (GTS), lines of wired broadcasting (LPV).
By importance, air lines and wired broadcasting are divided into classes:
mTS and STS lines: MTS main lines connecting Moscow with republican, regional and regional centers and the last intermediaries, and the Ministries of the Ministry of Railways passing along railways and through the territory of railway stations (class I); MTS intrazone lines connecting republican, edge and regional centers with district centers and the last interconnects, and CTC connecting lines (Class II); CTC subscriber lines (Class III);
the Lines of the GTS to classes are not divided;
wired broadcast lines: feeder lines with a rated voltage above 360 \u200b\u200bV (Class I); Feeder lines with rated voltage up to 360 V and subscriber lines with voltage 15 and 30 V (Class II).
2.4.72. The distance vertically from the wires of VL to wires or suspended LS cables and hillium in the intersection flight with the highest arrows of the wire wire should be:
from SIP and insulated wires - at least 1 m;
from uninsulated wires - at least 1.25 m.
2.4.73. The distance vertically from the wires of VL to 1 kV to wires or suspended LS cables or LPVs when crossing the total support should be:
between SIP and HP or LPV - not less than 0.5 m;
there are no less than 1.5 m between the uninsulated wire of the VL and LPV.
2.4.74. The place of crossing the wires of the WL with wires or suspended LS cables and LPVs in the span should be closer to the WL support, but not less than 2 m from it.
2.4.75. The intersection of VL with drugs and HPP can be performed according to one of the following options:
1) VL wires and insulated wires of drugs and hpbs;
2) Wires of VL and underground or suspended LS cable and LPV;
3) Wires of VL and non-insulated wires of drugs and hp.
4) underground cable insert in VL with insulated and uninsulated LS and LPV wires.
2.4.76. When crossing wires of WL with insulated wires, the LS and LPV must comply with the following requirements:
2) The intersection of uninsulated wires of the WL with Wires of drugs, as well as with WPV wires with voltage above 360 \u200b\u200bV, should be performed only in the span. The intersection of uninsulated wires of the WL with wires of HPV voltage up to 360 V can be performed both in the span and on a common support;
3) Supports VL, limiting the intersection of the intersection with LS of trunk and intra -one communication networks and the connecting lines of the CTC, as well as the voltage lpv above 360 \u200b\u200bV, should be anchor type. When crossing all the remaining LS and LPV, intermediate type supports are allowed, reinforced with an additional console or troop;
4) Wires of the WL should be located above the WHD and LPV wires. On the supports that limit the span intersection, uninsulated and insulated wire wires must have a double fastening, the SIP is fixed with anchor clips. LS and HPV wires on supports that limit the intersection of the intersection should have a double fastening. In cities and towns of urban-type, the newly under construction, LS and LPV are allowed to have a voltage of up to 1 sq.
2.4.77. When crossing the wires of the WL with an underground or suspended LS and LPV cable, the following requirements must be performed:
1) Distance from underground part of metal or reinforced concrete support and earthing wooden support Underground LS and LPV cable in locality should, as a rule, not less than 3 m. In the cramped conditions, it is allowed to reduce these distances to 1 m (provided that the permissible influences on the LS and LPV); In this case, the cable must be laid in steel pipe or covered with a chaserler or corner steel along the length in both sides of the support of at least 3 m;
2) in non-heated terrain, the distance from the underground part or the grounding of the PLB support to the Underground LS and LPV cable must be at least the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 2.4.5;
Table 2.4.5.
The smallest distance from the underground part and the entrance of the support of VL to the Underground LS and LPV cable
in non-heated terrain
|
Equivalent resistivity Earth, Ohm · m |
The smallest distance, m, from the underground LS and LPV cable |
|||
|
before the earthing or underground part of the reinforced concrete and metal support |
to the underground part of a wooden support that does not have grounding device |
|||
|
Up to 100. |
||||
|
More than 100 to 500 |
||||
|
More than 500 to 1000 |
||||
|
More than 1000. |
||||
3) VL wires should be located, as a rule, over the suspension cable LS and LPV (see also 2.4.76, p.4);
4) The connection of the wires of the VL in the intersection span with the suspension cable LS and HPF is not allowed. The cross section of the carrier core cip should be at least 35 . Wires should be a multi-breed section for no less: aluminum - 35 Style aluminum - 25 ; Sing section of SIP with all carriages of the harness - at least 25 ;
5) The metal shell of the suspended cable and the cable on which the cable is suspended must be grounded on supports that limit the intersection span;
6) The distance horizontally from the base of the LS cable support and the HPD to the projection of the nearest WP wire to the horizontal plane should be no less than the highest height of the intersection span.
2.4.78. When crossing angle with uninsulated LS and LPV wires, the following requirements must be respected:
1) The intersection of the VLI with drugs and HPF can be performed in the span on the support;
2) Ruff supports that limit the span of the intersection with the LS of the main and intra -one communication networks and with the CTC connecting lines must be anchor type. When crossing all the remaining drugs and HDPV, the use of intermediate supports, reinforced with an additional console or troop, is allowed;
3) carrier veins SIP or harness with all carriers of conductors in the intersection area should have a tensile strength ratio with the highest settlement loads of at least 2.5;
4) Wires should be located above the ls and hp. On supports that limit the intersection of the intersection, the carriers of the CIP wires should be fixed by tensioning clamps. Wires were allowed to be placed under the wires of the LDV. At the same time, the wires of the LPV on the supports that limit the intersection of the intersection should have a double fastening;
5) The connection of the carrier and carrier conductors of the SIP harness, as well as the LS and LPV wires in the intersection spans is not allowed.
2.4.79. When crossing isolated and uninsulated wires, the following requirements must be followed with uninsulated LS wires and LPVs:
1) The intersection of WL wires with LS wires, as well as the wires of HPV voltage above 360 \u200b\u200bV should be performed only in the span.
The intersection of wires of the WL with subscriber and feeder lines of HPV voltage up to 360 V is allowed to be performed on BL supports;
2) BL supports that limit the injection span must be anchor type;
3) LS wires, both steel and non-ferrous metal, should have a tensile strength reserve coefficient with the highest calculated loads of at least 2.2;
4) Wires of the WL should be located above the WHD and LPV wires. On supports that limit the span intersection, the WL wires must have a double fastening. The wires of the 380/220 Vl voltage and below are allowed to be located under the wires of the LPV and the LINDS of the GTS. At the same time, the wires of LPV and the LINDS of the GTS on the supports that limit the intersection of the intersection should have a double fastening;
5) The connection of the wires of the VL, as well as the LS and LPV wires in the intersection spans is not allowed. Wires should be multi-wire with sections for no less: aluminum - 35 Style aluminum - 25 .
2.4.80. When crossing the underground cable insert in WL with uninsulated and insulated wires, the LS and LPV must comply with the following requirements:
1) the distance from the underground cable insert in VL to the support of the drugs and the LSA and its earthing should be at least 1 m, and when the cable is laying in an insulating pipe - not less than 0.5 m;
2) The distance horizontally from the base of the cable support VL to the projection of the nearest LS wire and the HPV on the horizontal plane should be at least the highest height of the intersection span.
2.4.81. The distance horizontally between the wires of the VLI and the LS wires and the HPV with parallel passage or convergence should be at least 1 m.
Under the rapprochement of air LS and LPV, the horizontal distance between insulated and uninsulated wires of the VL and the WHD wires and the LPV should be at least 2 m. In cramped conditions, this distance is allowed to decrease to 1.5 m. In all other cases, the distance between the lines should Being no less height of the highest support for VL, LS and LPV.
Under rapprochement of WL with underground or suspension cables, LS and LPV distances between them should be taken in accordance with 2.4.77 PP.1 and 5.
2.4.82. The rapprochement of VL with the antenna structures of transmitting radio centers, receiving radio centers, dedicated receiving points of wired broadcasting and local radio cores is not normalized.
2.4.83. The wires from the support of VL before entering the building should not be intersecting with wires of branches from the drugs and HDPs, and they should be placed at one level or above the LAN and LPV. The horizontal distance between the wires of the VL and the LS and LPV wires, television cables and the descents from the radiance on the inputs should be at least 0.5 m for SIP and 1.5 m for uninsulated VL wires.
2.4.84. The joint suspension of the suspended cable of the rural telephone and was allowed when performing the following requirements:
1) Zero lived SIP should be isolated;
2) the distance from the SIP to the stem cable of the STS in the span and on the Blue support should be at least 0.5 m;
3) Each blast blast must have a grounding device, while the ground resistance must be no more than 10 ohms;
4) Each support should be re-grounded Pen.-body;
5) The carrier rope of the telephone cable together with the metal mesh outer cover of the cable must be attached to the earthinger of each support by a separate independent conductor (descent).
2.4.85. A joint suspension on common supports of uninsulated wires of VL, LS and LPV is not allowed.
On common supports, a joint suspension of uninsulated wires of VL and insulated wires of HPF is allowed. The following conditions must be respected:
1) the rated voltage of the WL should be no more than 380 V;
3) the distance from the lower wires of the LPV to the Earth, between the chains of LPV and their wires must comply with the requirements of the current Rules of the Ministry of Communications of Russia;
4) non-insulated wire wires should be located above the wires of the LDF; At the same time, the distance vertically from the lower wire of the VL to the upper wire of the LDF should be on the support of at least 1.5 m, and in the span - at least 1.25 m; When the LPV wires are arranged on the brackets, this distance is taken from the lower wire of the VL located on the same side as the wires of the LPV.
2.4.86. On common supports, a joint suspension of SIP was allowed with non-insulated or insulated wires of LS and LPV. The following conditions must be respected:
1) The rated voltage of the blast should be no more than 380 V;
2) the rated voltage of the LDF should be no more than 360 V;
3) Nominal voltage of drugs, the calculated mechanical stress in the WATS wires, the distance from the lower wires of the LAN and HPF to the Earth, between the chains and their wires must comply with the requirements of the current Rules of the Ministry of Communications of Russia;
4) Wires of VLI up to 1 kV should be located above the ls and hp. At the same time, the distance vertically from the SIP to the top wire of the LS and the LPV, regardless of their mutual location, should be at least 0.5 m on the support and in the span. Wires of VLI and LS and LPV are recommended to be located on different sides of the support.
2.4.87. A joint suspension on common supports of uninsulated wires of VL and LS cables is not allowed. The joint suspension on the common supports of the wires of the voltage of no more than 380 V and LPV cables are allowed under the observance of the conditions specified in 2.4.85.
Optical fibers Window must meet 2.5.192 and 2.5.193 requirements.
2.4.88. The joint suspension on the common supports of the wires of the voltage of no more than 380 V and telemechanic wires is allowed when complying with the requirements given in 2.4.85 and 2.4.86, as well as if the telemechanic chains are not used as wired telephone channels.
2.4.89. Suspension of fiber optic communication cables (OK) is allowed on the supports of VL (VLI) (OK):
non-metallic self-supporting (OXN);
non-metallic, piled on the phase wire or zhgut SIP (window).
Mechanical calculations of OPOR (VLI) with OCSN and the window should be made for the source conditions specified in 2.4.11 and 2.4.12.
Supports Vl, on which ok hang, and their fixing in the soil should be calculated with additional loadsarising from this.
The distance from the Oxn to the surface of the Earth in the populated and unanimous locations should be at least 5 m.
The distances between the wires of VL to 1 kV and the OCCN on the support and in the span should be at least 0.4 m.
Crossing and rapprochement of WL with engineering facilities
2.4.90. When crossing and parallel following the WL with iron and roads, the requirements set out in GL.2.5 should be performed.
The intersections can also be performed using a cable insert in VL.
2.4.91. When rapprocial road road The distance from WL wires to road signs and their carrier cables should be at least 1 m. Carriers must be grounded with a grounding device resistance of no more than 10 ohms.
2.4.92. When crossing and converging, the following requirements must be made with contact wires and carrier cables of tram and trolleybus lines:
1) VL should, as a rule, are located outside the zone occupied by the facilities of contact networks, including supports.
In this zone, the BL support should be anchor type, and the uninsulated wires have a double fastening;
2) Wires of the WL should be located above the carrier cables of contact wires. Wires WL must be multi-wire with a cross section of at least: aluminum - 35 Style aluminum - 25 carrying veins SIP - 35 , cross-section of cippers SIP with all carriages of the harness - at least 25 . The connection of WL wires in the intersection flights is not allowed;
3) The distance from the wires of the VL with the highest arrows of the provice must be at least 8 m to the tram line head and 10.5 m before the roadway of the street in the zone of the trolleybus line.
At the same time, in all cases, the distance from the wires of the VL to the carrier cable or contact wire should be at least 1.5 m;
4) the intersection of the VL with contact wires in the location of the crossing is prohibited;
5) The joint suspension on the supports of the trolleybus lines of contact wires and wires of the voltage voltage is no more than 380 V is allowed under the following conditions: the supports of trolleybus lines must have a mechanical strength sufficient for the wires of the wires of the WL, the distance between the wires of the VL and the bracket or the mounting cable of the contact contact Wiring should be at least 1.5 m.
2.4.93. When crossing and converging, the following requirements must be performed with rope roads and overhead metal pipelines:
1) VL must pass under the cable car; The passage of WL over the cable car is not allowed;
2) Cable roads must have the bottom of the bedtime or grid for the wire fencing of the WL;
3) When passing the VL under the cable car or under the pipeline, the WL wires must be from them at a distance: at least 1 m - with the smallest arrows of wires of wires to the walkways or enclosing cable car meshes or to the pipeline; at least 1 m - with the highest arrows of the provice and the largest deviation of the wires to the elements of the cableway or to the pipeline;
4) When crossing the VL with a pipeline, the distance from the wires of the VL with their greatest arrows of the provice to the elements of the pipeline must be at least 1 m. Blind supports that limit the span intersection with the pipeline must be anchor type. The pipeline in the intersection span must be grounded, the earthing resistance is not more than 10 ohms;
5) With a parallel congestion of the VL with a cable car or pipeline, the distance horizontally from the wires of the VL to the cable car or the pipeline should be at least the height of the support, and on the constrained parts of the track with the highest deviation of the wires - at least 1 m.
2.4.94. Under rapprochement of WL with fire and explosive installations and airfields should be guided by the requirements given in 2.5.278, 2.5.291 and 2.5.292.
2.4.95. Passage of VL to 1 kV with isolated and uninsulated wires is not allowed through the territories of sports facilities, schools (general education and boarding schools), technical schools, children's preschool institutions (Children's nursery, kindergartens, children's combines), orphanages, children's playgrounds, as well as in the territories of children's health camps.
According to the above territories (except for sports and playgrounds), it is allowed to pass, provided that the zero veins of the SIP should be isolated, and its complete conductivity should be at least the conductivity of the SIP phase conductivity.
The distance vertically from the wires was carried to the surface of the Earth in the populated and unanished area to the Earth and the roadway of the streets should be at least 5 m. It can be reduced in a hard-to-reach area up to 2.5 m and in an inaccessible (slopes of mountains, rocks, rocks) - up to 1 m.When crossing the non-coming part of the streets of branches from the vli to the inputs in the building of the distance from SIP to the sidewalks of the pedestrian tracks is allowed to reduce to 3.5 m.
The distance from SIP and insulated wires to the surface of the Earth on branches to enter should be at least 2.5 m.
The distance from uninsulated wires to the surface of the Earth on branches to the inputs should be at least 2.75 m.
2.4.56. The distance from the wires of the WL in the populated and unandlared area with the highest arrows of wires to the ground and the roadway of the streets should be at least 6 m. The distance from the wires to the Earth can be reduced in a hard-to-reach area to 3.5 m and in an inaccessible area (the slopes of the mountains , rocks, cliffs) - 1 m.
2.4.57. The distance horizontally from the SIP with their largest deviation to elements of buildings and structures should be at least:
1.0 m - to balconies, terraces and windows;
0.2 m - to deaf walls of buildings, structures.
It is allowed to pass through the lines and ps with insulated wires above the roofs of buildings and structures (apart from the specified in ch. 7.3 and 7.4), while the distance from them to the vertical wires should be at least 2.5 m.
2.4.58. The distance horizontally from the wires of the VL with the greatest deviation to buildings and structures should be at least:
1.5 m - to balconies, terraces and windows;
1.0 m to deaf walls.
The passage of VL with uninsulated wires over buildings and structures is not allowed.
2.4.59. The smallest distance from the SIP and wires to the surface of the Earth or water, as well as to various structures, during the passage of the VL above them, is determined at the highest air temperature without taking into account the heating of the wires of the electric shock.
2.4.60. When laying on the walls of buildings and structures, the minimum distance from the SIP should be:
with horizontal strip
above the window, the entrance door - 0.3 m;
under the balcony, window, cornice - 0.5 m;
to the ground - 2.5 m;
with vertical strip
to the window - 0.5 m;
to the balcony, the front door is 1.0 m.
The distance in the light between the SIP and the building wall or the construction should be at least 0.06 m.
2.4.61. The horizontal distances from the underground parts of the supports or heads of supports to underground cables, pipelines and ground columns of various purposes should be at least given in Table. 2.4.4.
Table 2.4.4.
The smallest permissible horizontal distance
from underground parts of supports or grounding devices
supports to underground cables, pipelines and ground columns
|
Object rapprochement |
Distance, M. |
|
Water-, steam and heat pipelines, distribution gas pipelines, sewer pipes |
|
|
Fire hydrants, wells, hatches of sewage, watershed columns |
|
|
Cables (except communication cables, alarm and wired broadcasting, see also 2.4.77) |
|
|
The same, but when laying them in an insulating pipe |
2.4.62. When crossing the WL with various facilities, as well as with streets and areas of settlements, the angle of intersection is not normalized.
2.4.63. The intersection of VL with shipping rivers and channels is not recommended. If it is necessary to perform such an intersection, the WL should be constructed in accordance with the requirements of 2.5.268 - 2.5.272. When crossing non-good rivers and channels, the smallest distances from the wires of the VL to the greatest water level should be at least 2 m, and to the level of ice - at least 6 m.
2.4.64. The intersections and rapprochement of a voltage voltage of up to 1 kV with a voltage of above 1 kV, as well as the joint suspension of their wires on common supports should be carried out in compliance with the requirements given in 2.5.220 - 2.5.230.
2.4.65. The intersection of VL (VLI) to 1 sq. Between itself, it is recommended to perform at cross supports; Also allowed their intersection in the span. The vertical distance between the wires of intersecting VL (VLI) must be at least: 0.1 m on the support, 1 m in the span.
2.4.66. In places of intersection of VL to 1 sV, intermediate supports and supports of anchor type can be used.
When intersection of an array of intersection, it is possible to choose the place of intersection, it is possible to choose a closer to the support of the upper crossing l.
2.4.67. With parallel passage and convergence of VL to 1 kV and VL above 1 kV, the distance between them horizontally should be at least listed at 2.5.230.
2.4.68. The joint suspension of the wires of VL to 1 kV and uninsulated wires of the VL to 20 kV on common supports is allowed when complying with the following conditions:
2) VL wires up to 20 kV should be placed above wires of VL to 1 kV;
3) VL wires up to 20 kV, fixed on pin insulators, should have a double fastening.
2.4.69. During the suspension on the overall supports of the wires of VL to 1 kV and the protected wires of the VLZ 6-20 kV, the following requirements must be followed:
1) VL to 1 kV must be carried out on the calculated climatic conditions of VL to 20 kV;
2) VLZ 6-20 kV wires must be located, as a rule, above wires of VL to 1 kV;
3) Fastening the wires of VLZ 6-20 kV on the pin insulators should be carried out reinforced.
2.4.70. When crossing the VL (VLI) with a voltage of above 1 kV, the distance from wires crossing VL to the intersected VL (VLI) must comply with the requirements given in 2.5.221 and 2.5.227.
The requirements given in 4.2.123-4.2.132 reflect the features of transformer substations outdoor installation Complete (KTP), pillars (STP), mast (MTP) with higher voltage up to 35 kV and lower voltage up to 1 kV, as well as network partitioning points (SSP) voltage up to 35 kV.
In everything else, not specified in 4.2.123-4.2.132, the requirements of other paragraphs of this chapter should be guided.
4.2.123
Attaching the transformer to the highest voltage network should be carried out using fuses and disconnector (load switch) or a combined fuse "Fuse-disconnector" with a visible discontinuity of the chain.
The switching apparatus should be controlled from the surface of the Earth. The drive of the switching apparatus should be shocking on the lock. Switching machine must have earthing from the transformer.
4.2.124
The MTP and STP switching apparatus, as a rule, should be installed on the terminal (or branch) support of the VL.
The switching apparatus of the KTP and the SSP can be installed both on the terminal (branch) support of the VL and inside the CTP and the SSP.
4.2.125
At substations and SSPs without fencing, the distance vertically from the surface of the Earth to uninsulated current-carrying parts in the absence of transportation of transport under the outputs should be at least 3.5 m for stresses up to 1 kV, and for stresses 10 (6) and 35 kV - in Table. 4.2.7 Size.
At substations and SSP with a fencing with a height of at least 1.8 m, the indicated distances to the uninsulated current-carrying parts 10 (6) and 35 kV can be reduced to the size specified in Table 4.4.2.5. At the same time, in the plane of the fence, the distance from the Oshinov to the edge of the external fence should be at least the size specified in the same table.
In air ingredients crossing passages or places where the movement of transport is possible, the distance from the lowest wire to the Earth should be taken in accordance with 2.5.111 and 2.5.112.
4.2.126
For MTP maintenance at a height of at least 3 m, a platform with railings should be arranged. To lift the site, it is recommended to use stairs with a device forbidding climbing on it when the switch is turned on.
For STP, the device of sites and stairs is not necessary.
4.2.127
Parts of the MTP remaining under voltage when the switching apparatus is disabled, should be outside the reach zone (1.7.70) from the site level. The disabled position of the apparatus should be seen from the site.
4.2.128
From the low voltage of the transformer, it is recommended to install the device that provides a visible gap.
4.2.129
The wiring in the MTP and STPs between the transformer and the low-voltage shield, as well as between the shield and the lower voltage VL, should be protected from mechanical damage and executed in accordance with the requirements shown in Ch.2.1.
4.2.130
For substations with a capacity of 0.25 mV · A and less, the lighting of the low-voltage shield is not allowed. Lighting and sockets to turn on portable devices, tools at substations with a capacity of more than 0.25 MV · A should be powered by a voltage not higher than 25 V.
4.2.131
By condition fire safety Substations should be located at a distance of at least 3 m from buildings I, II, III degrees of fire resistance and 5 meters from buildings IV and V degrees of fire resistance.
It is also necessary to be guided by the requirements given in 4.2.68.
The distance from residential buildings to transformer substations should be made at least 10 m under the condition of allowing permissible normal sound pressure levels (noise).
4.2.132
In places of possible, the substation transportation must be protected by jackhamge.
The locks in the doors of the rooms of the RU single voltage must be opened with the same key; Keys OT. entrance doors RU and other premises should not approach the castles of the chambers, as well as to the locks of the doors in the fencing of electrical equipment.
The requirement to apply self-acupial locks does not apply to RU Urban and rural distribution electrical networks 10 kV voltage and below.
4.2.97. Fencing designs and partitions CRS and KTP own needs Power plants should be performed from non-combustible materials.
It is allowed to install the RC and KTP of their own needs in the technological premises of PS and power plants in accordance with the requirements 4.2.121 .
4.2.98. In one room, the RU voltage of 0.4 kV and above is allowed to install up to two oil transformers with a power of each to 0.63 mV · A, separated from each other and from the rest of the room with a partition from non-combustible materials with a limit of fire resistance 45 minutes not less than Transformer heights, including higher voltage inputs.
4.2.99. Related devices starting devices electric motors, synchronous compensators, etc. (Switches, starting reactors, transformers, etc.), allowed to be installed in a common chamber without partitions between them.
4.2.100. Voltage transformers regardless of the mass of oil in them is allowed to be installed in the railway chambers. In this case, a threshold or ramp should be provided in the chamber, designed to hold the total volume of oil contained in the voltage transformer.
4.2.101. Cell switches should be separated from the maintenance corridor with solid or mesh fences, and from each other - with solid partitions from non-combustible materials. These switches should be separated by the drive from the actuator.
Under each oil switch with a mass of 60 kg oil and more in one pole, an oil worker is required for a full oil volume in one pole.
4.2.102. In closed separately standing, attached and embedded in industrial premises PS, in chambers of transformers and other oil-filled apparatuses with oil mass in one tank to 600 kg when the cameras on the first floor with doors that are out of the outside, oil collectors are not performed.
With a mass of oil or non-combustible environmentally friendly dielectric in one tank, more than 600 kg should be arranged an oil-car, designed for a full oil volume or to hold 20% oil with a removal into the oil separator.
4.2.103. When building cameras over the basement, on the second floor and above (see also 4.2.118 ), as well as the device exit from cameras into the corridor under transformers and other oil-filled devices, oil workers should be performed according to one of the following methods:
1) with the mass of oil in one tank (pole) up to 60 kg, a threshold or ramp is performed to hold the total volume of oil;
2) with a mass of oil from 60 to 600 kg under the transformer (apparatus), an oil truck is performed, calculated for the full volume of oil, or at the exit of the chamber - threshold or ramp to hold the total volume of oil;
3) with the mass of oil more than 600 kg:
An oil worker, which contains at least 20% of the total volume of the transformer oil or apparatus, with oil tap in the oil collector. Oil pipes from oil workers under transformers should have a diameter of at least 10 cm. From the oil side of the oil, oil pipes must be protected by grids. The bottom of the oil worker should have a bias of 2% in the direction of the pit;
Buttermatic oil without oil removal in the oil collector. In this case, the oil worker should be blocked with a layer with a layer with a thickness of 25 cm of pure washed granite (or another non-porous breed) of a gravel or rubble fraction from 30 to 70 mm and should be calculated for a full oil volume; The oil level should be 5 cm below the lattice. The upper gravel level in the oil worker under the transformer should be 7.5 cm below the air force opening ventilation canal. The area of \u200b\u200bthe oil worker should be more areas of the base of the transformer or apparatus.
4.2.104. Ventilation of the premises of transformers and reactors should ensure that heat released by them in such quantities so that with their load, taking into account the overload capacity and the maximum calculated temperature. ambientThe heating of transformers and reactors did not exceed the maximum value for them.
The ventilation of the premises of transformers and reactors should be designed in such a way that the difference in air temperatures emerging from the room and the included in it did not exceed: 15 C for transformers, 30 C for current reactors up to 1000 A, 20 C for current reactors more than 1000 BUT.
If it is impossible to provide heat exchange natural ventilation It is necessary to provide forced, with its operation to be monitored using signaling devices.
4.2.105. Influencing exhaust ventilation With the fence at the floor level and at the level of the top of the room, it should be carried out in a room where Krue and cylinders with Elegaz are located.
4.2.106. The ventilation of the room of the RU must provide the heat released removal to maintain the temperature allowable for electrical apparatus. If it is impossible to provide heat exchange with natural ventilation, it is necessary to provide forced with the control of its work.
The rooms of the RU, in which there are places of possible accumulation of substances (for example, элегаза) in quantities dangerous for working, should provide exhaust ventilation with a fence in the lowest point.
In places with low winter temperatures Support and exhaust ventilation holes should open and close from the outside.
4.2.107. In the rooms in which duty staff is 6 h or more, the air temperature should be provided not lower than 18 s and not higher than 28 C.
In the repair area of \u200b\u200bthe CRAP at the time of repair work The temperature should be ensured not lower than 5 S.
When heating the premises in which there are elegas equipment, heating devices with a heating surface temperature exceeding 250 s (for example, TEN heaters) should not be used.
4.2.108. Holes in the enclosing structures of buildings and premises after laying current wires and other communications should be embedded with a material that provides fire resistance not lower than the fire resistance of the most enclosing design, but at least 45 minutes.
4.2.109. Other holes in the outer walls to prevent animal and bird penetration should be protected by grids or lattices with cells of 10x10 mm.
4.2.110. Overlapping cable Channels And double floors should be made by removable stoves made of non-aggravated materials. Vrowned with clean floor of the room. The mass of a separate slab of the overlap must be no more than 50 kg.
4.2.111. The gasket in the chambers of the devices and transformers of transit cables and wires is usually not allowed. In exceptional cases, the laying of them in the pipes.
The electrical wiring of lighting and control circuits and measurements located inside the chambers or located near the uninsulated current-carrying parts can only be allowed to the extent that it is necessary to accomplish connections (for example, to measuring transformers).
4.2.112. The gasket into the premises of the RU relating to them (non-transit) heating pipelines is allowed subject to the use of all-welded pipes without valves, etc., and ventilation welded boxes - without valves and other similar devices. A transit gasket of heating pipelines is also allowed, provided that each pipeline is enclosed in a solid waterproof shell.
4.2.113. When choosing a RU schema containing emeginous devices, more simple schemesthan in the RU with air insulation.
Intorated distribution devices and transformer substations
4.2.114. The requirements given in 4.2.115 - 4.2.121 , take into account the peculiarities of intrautyra and PS voltage up to 35 kV industrial enterprisesthat should also meet other requirements of this chapter to the extent that they are not changed.
Distributing devices and substations, special electrical installations of industrial enterprises, including explosive and fire-hazardous areas, electrothermal sets should also meet the requirements of the relevant chapters section. 7.
Distances from openly installed electrical devices to PS water coolers must be at least the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 4.4.2.6.
Table 4.2.6 The smallest distance from openly installed electrical devices to PS water coolers
For areas with calculated outdoor air temperatures below minus 36 ° C, the distance in Table 4.2.6 should be increased by 25%, and with temperatures above minus 20 ° C - reduced by 25%. For the reconstructed objects, the distances shown in Table 4.2.6 are allowed to be reduced, but not more than 25%.
4.2.67
The distance from the equipment of the RU and PS to the buildings of the CCR and other technological buildings and structures, to the KB, STK, SC are defined only by technological requirements and should not increase by fire conditions.
4.2.68
Fire prevention distances from oil-filled equipment with a mass of oil in a unit of equipment 60 kg and more to production buildings With the category of premises B1-B2, G and D, as well as to residential and public buildings should be at least:
16 m - with the degree of fire resistance of these buildings I and II;
20 m - with degree III;
24 m - with degree IV and V.
When installed in the walls of industrial buildings with the category of rooms, G and D of oil-filled transformers with a mass of 60 kg oil and more electrically connected with the equipment installed in these buildings, distances are resolved less than specified. At the same time, at a distance of them more than 10 m and outside the sections of the width (Fig. 4.2.13) of special requirements for walls, windows and doors of the buildings are not presented.
Fig.4.2.13. Requirements for the open installation of oil-filled transformers in buildings with production categories G and D
At a distance of less than 10 m to transformers within the width sections, the following requirements must be performed:
1) to the height (to the level of input transformers) windows are not allowed;
2) at a distance of less than 5 m and the degrees of fire resistance of buildings IV and V wall of the building should be made according to the degree of fire resistance and rise above the roof made of the material combustable, not less than 0.7 m;
3) at a distance of less than 5 m and degrees of fire resistance of buildings I, II, III and also at a distance of 5 m and more without limitation on fire resistance at height from before, unopened windows are allowed with filling with reinforced glass or glass blocks with frames from a non-registered material; Above - windows opening in the building, with openings, equipped with metal meshes with cells not more than 25x25 mm;
4) at a distance of less than 5 m at an altitude less, and at 5 m and more than any height, doors made of non-aggravated or hard-fledged materials with the limit of fire resistance at least 60 minutes;
5) Ventilation receiving holes in the building wall at a distance of less than 5 m are not allowed; Exhaust holes with an emission of unpolluted air in the specified limit are allowed at height;
6) When a distance from 5 to 10 m, the vent holes in the enclosing constructs of cable premises from transformers on the portion of the width are not allowed.
The dimensions shown in Fig.4.2.13 - and are accepted to the most protruding parts of transformers at a height of not more than 1.9 m from the surface of the Earth. With single power of transformers up to 1.6 mV · A distance of 1.5 m; 8 m; more than 1.6 mV · a 2 m; 10 m. The distance is accepted by 4.2.217, the distance must be at least 0.8 m.
The requirements of this paragraph also apply to the CTP of the outdoor installation.
4.2.69
To prevent the oil spreading and the spread of the fire during the damage to the oil-filled power transformers (reactors) with the amount of oil, more than 1 ta of the unit, oil workers, oil and oil collectors should be performed in compliance with the following requirements:
1) The size of the oil worker must be for the dimensions of the transformer (reactor) at least 0.6 m with a mass of oil to 2 tons; 1 m with a mass of 2 to 10 tons; 1.5 m with a mass of 10 to 50 tons; 2 m with a mass of more than 50 tons. At the same time, the magnets of the oil worker can be taken less than 0.5 m on the part of the wall or partition located from the transformer (reactor) at a distance less than 2 m;
2) The volume of the oil worker with oil tap should be calculated on a one-time reception of 100% oil, filled into a transformer (reactor).
The volume of the oil worker without removal of oil should be calculated on the reception of 100% of the volume of oil, filled into the transformer (reactor), and 80% of water from fire extinguishing facilities at the calculation of irrigation of the oils of the oil industry and the side surfaces of the transformer (reactor) with the intensity of 0.2 l / s · m within 30 minutes;
3) The device of oil workers and oil discovers should exclude oil flows (water) from one oil worker to another, spreading oil through cable and other underground structures, fire distribution, clogging of the oil and the drill with its snow, ice, etc.;
4) oil workers under transformers (reactors) with oil volume up to 20 tons allowed without removal of oil. The oil workers without removal of oil should be carried out by a swallowed design and closed with a metal grid, on top of which a layer of pure gravel or washed granite rubble with a thickness of at least 0.25 m, or a non-porous rubble of another breed with particles from 30 to 70 mm. The level of total oil volume in the oil worker must be below the lattice at least 50 mm.
Removal of oil and water from the oil worker without removal of oil should be provided for by mobile means. It is recommended to perform the simplest device for checking the absence of oil (water) in the oil industry;
5) Oil tap oil can be performed both beaten and unwittered (bottom at the level of the surrounding layout). When performing a bellulated television, the device onboard fences is not required if the volume of the oil worker is provided indicated in clause 2.
Oil tap oil can be performed:
with the installation of a metal lattice on the oil worker, on top of which gravel or crushed the layer thickness of 0.25 m;
without a metal lattice with a filling of gravel on the bottom of the oil generic layer thickness of at least 0.25 m.
Unheardly oil worker should be performed in the form of onboard fencing of oil-filled equipment. The height of onboard fences should be no more than 0.5 m above the level of the surrounding layout.
The bottom of the oil worker (launched and unwittered) should have a slope of at least 0.005 in the direction of the pit and be covered with a purely washed granite (or another non-porous rock) by gravel or rubble fraction from 30 to 70 mm. The thickness of the backfill should be at least 0.25 m.
The upper gravel level (rubble) should be at least 75 mm below the upper edge of the side (with an oil service device on boarding fences) or the level of the surrounding layout (when the oil service device without onboard fences).
It is allowed not to hide the bottom of the oil workers across the entire area of \u200b\u200bgravel. At the same time, on the oil removal systems from transformers (reactors), it should be provided for the installation of fireprocerers;
6) when installing the oil-filled electrical equipment on the reinforced concrete blocking of the building (constructions), the oil supply device is mandatory;
7) Oil separations should provide removal from the oil and water oil and water used to extinguish the fire, automatic stationary devices and hydrants to a fire-safe distance from equipment and structures: 50% oil and the total amount of water should be deleted no more than 0.25 hours. . Oils can be performed in the form of underground pipelines or open cuvettes and trays;
8) oil collectors should be provided closed type and must accommodate the total volume of oil equipment (transformers, reactors) containing the greatest amount Oils, as well as 80% of the total (including a 30-minute reserve) of water consumption from fire extinguishing. The oil collectors should be equipped with alarms about the presence of water with a signal output to the control shield. The inner surfaces of the oil worker, the fencing of the oil worker and the oil collector must be protected by oil-resistant coating.
4.2.70
On PS with transformers 110-150 kV of a unit capacity of 63 mV · A and more and transformers of 220 kV and above a single power of 40 MV · A and more, as well as on PS with synchronous compensators to extinguish a fire, it is necessary to provide fireproof water supply pipes from the existing external networks or from an independent source of water supply. It is allowed instead of fireproof water supply to provide for the fence of water from ponds, reservoirs, rivers and other reservoirs located at a distance of up to 200 m from the PS using mobile fire equipment.
On PS with transformers of 35-150 kV, a single power of less than 63 mV · A and 220 kV transformers with a single power of less than 40 mV · A fireproof water supply pipes and reservoir is not provided.
4.2.71
CCRN and CTP outdoor installation should be located on a planned area at a height of at least 0.2 m from the layout level with the execution of the service platform cabinets. In areas with a height of the estimated snow cover 1.0 m and above and the duration of its occurrence of at least 1 month, the installation of CRN and the CTP of the outdoor installation at an altitude of at least 1 m is recommended.
The location of the device must provide convenient rolling and transportation of transformers and the countable part of the cells.