The popularity of iris among gardeners can be explained quite simply - it is ornamental plant with beautiful large flowers can decorate any private plot... In addition, it is resistant to winter cold, it can perfectly do without a special insulating shelter in open ground, grows well and develops on all types of soil.
Iris care does not require any complicated procedures. All this plant needs is timely feeding and abundant watering, removal of the ubiquitous weeds. Also, from time to time (about once every two to three years), an iris should be transplanted, since it grows very quickly, and the old part of the root system dies off. It is this process that we will describe in detail in this article.
When is it better to replant iris
Many experienced gardeners transplant the plant in late summer or early fall, after the flowering period is over. This approach allows flowers to take root deeply. Also autumn transplant prevents the displacement of the root system outward, due to which the vegetation worsens.
However, if for some reason you did not manage to transplant the plant in September or early October, it is quite possible to do this in the spring. Moreover, the earlier, the better, since planting too late can lead to the death of the root system. How to do it? You will learn about this from the instructions below.
Iris transplant process
If the roots of the plant are not damaged, it can be transplanted without any problems both in spring and at any other time of the year, regardless of the growing season. It is enough just to dig up the bushes together with clods of earth and move them to a new place. Otherwise, the process will be more complicated:
- first you need to carefully remove the bush from the ground, and then cut the rhizome into several sections up to 10 centimeters long. At the same time, pay attention to the fact that each such segment has several well-formed leaves and a bunch of roots, the length of which should not be more than 7 centimeters. They will help the newly created bush to hold more firmly in the soil until new roots appear;
- all rotten parts of the roots must be carefully removed without damaging the plant. After that, the remaining area of the rhizome must be disinfected. To do this, he is soaked in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for one and a half to two hours to prevent any diseases;
- it is also advisable to trim the iris leaves a little, leaving a length of about 15 centimeters. Then you will need to treat the cuts with charcoal and dry the plant in the sun for 2.5-3 hours;
- planting of a plant is carried out to a depth of no more than 3 centimeters. In this case, it is important to ensure that its roots are directed exclusively downward, and that it itself is firmly held in the ground. To achieve this, compact the soil well around the planted section;
- the distance between the divisions should be at least 30-40 centimeters. Thanks to this, the plants will not interfere with each other's normal development;
- the transplant ends with abundant watering. In this case, you need to try not to overmoisten the rhizome in order to prevent it from rotting. You can pour water into a special depression that breaks around the plant.
In the future, watering should be done approximately once every four days. After the moisture is well absorbed, and the surface of the soil dries out a little, it is advisable to mulch and loosen the soil.
How to choose the right place for plant transplant
An important step in planting iris in spring is right choice places for this plant. The first thing to look out for is the lighting. Iris grows well in the shade, but in this case, the flowering will not be so plentiful. Therefore, you need to choose areas that are generously illuminated by the sun during the day.
- plants that tend to grow strongly over time. Five years after planting, a small bush can turn into a real tree. And, it would seem, there is nothing wrong with this phenomenon, if not for one "but" - large irises practically do not bloom.
It is believed that transplanting irises is a thankless task, since in most cases the plant dies. But many years of experience of gardeners proves the opposite. If all the rules and terms for transplanting irises are observed, then the flower will continue to please the eye even after dividing the bush.
Irises reproduce quite well in a vegetative way, and in a new place after division they take root quickly. It is imperative to divide the plants, since the rhizomes live for about five years, growing strongly. Over time, young plants that have grown in almost the same place begin to oppress each other. Tightness leads to deterioration or disappearance of flowering, decorativeness is noticeably reduced, and a "dead zone" forms in the center of the bush. For this reason, susceptibility to disease increases, while winter hardiness, on the contrary, decreases.
Transplant rulesThe end of summer-beginning of autumn is the best time when you can transplant irises in our latitudes. Within two weeks after flowering, the plant is ready for division and transplantation. However, transplanting irises is also allowed in the fall. The answer to the question of whether it is possible to replant irises in spring, when the plant is at the initial stage of the growing season, will also be positive. If necessary, iris, carefully dug out with a lump of "native" earth, is transplanted into appropriate place... It is worth noting that the plant's rhizomes are quite fragile, so damage should be avoided. This is especially true if iris is transplanted in the spring, when the roots are actively absorbing moisture.
Sections-links of rhizomes, that is, annual growths, can reach ten centimeters in length, and their diameter is 3 centimeters. The old iris bush is dug out with a pitchfork, and the rhizomes are then divided into planting divisions, consisting of one or two annual intergrown links with fans of leaves. These delenki should be soaked in a 0.2% solution of potassium permanganate for two hours in order to disinfect. Then they are dried in the sun.
After the cuttings are dry, they should cut the leaves so that the water can drain easily from them. At the same time, the roots are shortened to ten centimeters in length. Large links of rhizomes of a plant without living leaves and root-offshoots, which remained after digging up an overgrown iris bush, can be planted again in a garden bed so that dormant buds germinate on them a year later.
Useful TipsIf you are the owner of plants of especially valuable rare varieties, and do not know how to properly transplant irises, then you should take care of a large number planting material... The fact is that when using the kidney method of reproduction, you can get up to five dozen seedlings from one overgrown rhizome. To do this, the rhizomes dug out with a lump of earth are carefully washed, dried well, and then cut transversely into small pieces. Moreover, each division should have one kidney and one or two roots. Sections of the cuttings are dried and then powdered with charcoal powder. The iris cuttings treated in this way are planted on the beds, laying them in furrows no more than five centimeters deep. The interval between divisions must be at least ten centimeters. They are sprinkled with earth on top and watered abundantly. After a year, young shoots can already be transplanted to a permanent place.
Bearded irises are widespread. Numerous varieties bearded irises amaze the imagination with a variety of colors and shapes.It is believed that perennial irises are unpretentious flowers, but this statement is valid only when correct fit their rhizomes, choosing a favorable place and carefully preparing the soil.
Even if you follow all the rules in the care, irises will bloom magnificently in one place for several years, after 3-4 years, perennial flowers require a transplant... During this time, the rhizome of the iris braids the entire surface of the earth, old and sore areas appear on it, and there is no room for new layers to develop.
Thickened irises are quickly affected by diseases, especially in rainy weather, dense thickets are affected root rot, which develops first in old areas, and then moves to young layers and shoots. The decaying rhizome of iris emits an unpleasant odor, the leaves of the plant turn yellow and die off, sometimes the seemingly healthy thick root inside becomes soft and turns into a light brown jelly-like mass. Maintain irises in healthy timely transplantation of flowers with rejuvenation and division of rhizomes will help.
You can start transplanting irises in 2-4 weeks after they have faded. ... If you were busy in the summer, then it is not late to replant irises in autumn in September... It is not recommended to replant irises later, as the plants do not have time to harden in the soil and, when frozen, the moist soil can push the planted rhizomes to the surface. Irises are frost-resistant flowers, only in snowless winters can the tops of the rhizomes that peep out of the ground freeze, but the rhizome of the iris rarely dies completely from frost.
Iris planting rules:
1.Starch saves the rhizome of iris from frost, but its high content in the tissues of the roots also has a downside. In a damp place, the rhizome of iris is prone to decay, therefore, for planting irises, you must choose a place with loose air-permeable soil... It is good if the area where the irises grow is on a hill, then water will not accumulate on it after the snow or rain melts.
Can't stand wet places bearded irises ... Siberian irises love moisture, but rot when water stagnates. For planting in a place where the ground is constantly wet, for example, near the shore of a reservoir, only marsh iris or nasty iris is suitable.
2. The second rule of planting irises - choice sunny place ... You can plant irises on the south side of buildings or areas with light partial shade in the afternoon. The more sun the iris receives, the better it will grow and bloom.
3. When transplanting irises, you cannot dig them out, divide the rhizome and plant in the same place. Change the place of planting of irises, on new soil they will develop better and hurt.
4. When planting irises, it is important to prepare the soil well. They dig up the earth, select all the weeds, bring in humus, sand and wood ash... The presence of a drainage layer of coarse sand or pebbles will protect the rhizomes from decay. To do this, the fertile layer of earth is removed on the bayonet of the shovel, drainage is poured a few centimeters and the removed earth, mixed with humus, is returned back.
Irises prefer neutral or slightly acidic soil, so it is useful to add wood ash for planting., it reduces the acidity of the soil and saturates it with essential nutrients.
Iris transplant process:
1... First, dig out the entire rhizome of the iris, it grows over the soil surface. Clean the rhizome from the earth, long roots can be shortened a little.
2. The large tuberous rhizome is divided into parts... Old and diseased areas are removed, young healthy layers with one or two growth points are left for planting. Delenki need to be cut clean sharp knife in the narrowed part. Sections are dried in the sun for a couple of hours.
3. Delenki cleaned of dried and yellowed leaves, they can be a source of infection, as they quickly rot. Green leaves are cut at a height of 10-15 cm.
4. For planting irises, dig holes or trenches, and put a mound in the center.
5. Iris plots are placed on the top of the mound, and the roots are spread along the slope. so that they are directed inward. The rhizome should be at the very surface, from above it is sprinkled with earth no more than 1-2 cm. In order for the planted division to be well fixed, when filling in the roots, the earth is well pressed, but not trampled.
6. For group planting, iris delenki are placed in a row at a distance of 20-30 cm, and about 50 cm is left between the rows. In order for the irises to form a curtain in the first year, planting can be made denser, but then the irises are transplanted more often than after 4 years. When planting in a row, the irises are directed with their "heads" in one direction.
Iris care after planting:
1. Watering irises after planting is necessary for rooting divisions 1-2 times a week in dry weather. In late autumn, irises are stopped to water, it is good if the ground dries out before frost.
2. In the first year after planting, irises need shelter.... However, a shelter for irises should be safe; when covered with straw or dry leaves, the rhizomes can vanish. It is better to mulch the planted irises with a layer of up to 10 cm with peat or dry soil. It is good to cover the irises with spruce branches, its branches trap the snow, which will reliable protection from frost in winter.
In the spring, as soon as the snow melts, an additional layer of earth or peat is removed so that the tubers dry out faster and warm up under the sun.
In the second year after planting, strong and rooted irises do not need shelter for the winter.
3. In spring in May, when the irises begin to grow new leaves, feed the flowers nitrogen fertilization , but organic fertilizers use is not recommended, as they provoke the development of diseases. During and after flowering, irises require phosphorus-potassium fertilizer.
4. Irises should be watered only during the period of flower stalks and flowers opening. if there is no rain. After flowering, irises are not watered, even if the weather is dry.
5. After the flowering of irises, the yellowed flower stalks should be broken to the ground, if they are cut off, the remaining stumps rot and the disease can spread to the rhizome.
6. In the fall, before frost, the leaves of irises are cut at a height of 10-15 cm... Delicate modern varieties are mulched with peat or dry soil, covered with spruce branches.
An important stage in the cultivation of bearded irises is the division of old plants and the transplantation of irises in the summer after flowering. How to do it right? The answer is in this article.
When can irises be transplanted?
This is best done when the plant begins to grow new roots. As a rule, this happens a couple of weeks after the end of the iris flowering process. At this time, the plant must be dug out, being careful not to touch the horizontal thick rhizomes. At the same time, the roots that extend from them do not have to be preserved, since they will not function fully, but are needed only so that the plant is fixed in the soil.
Division of irises
If the iris bush is very overgrown and old, then the largest fans should be chosen, while leaving about 3 pieces in each section. The roots are cut so that about 10 cm remains. The direct cut at the root must be rubbed with charcoal or burned with brilliant green, dusting with ash is also allowed. After that, it is required to give a little time for the wound to dry; for this, the delenka is left in the shade for several hours. It should be noted that bearded irises are able to withstand a fairly long drying time. They do not need to be wrapped in wet rags, packed with polyethylene. It is in this feature to endure long-term drying that distinguishes bearded irises from Siberian ones, which cannot bear even a short-term drying out of the roots. Therefore, transplanting irises in the summer is very convenient.
You also need to cut off the fan of leaves, after pruning, about 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the leaf should remain.
Planting delenok
The next step will be landing, during which it is required to take into account two main points:
After planting, all the soil around the plant needs to be well pressed, this will help the irises to gain a foothold. As you can see, there is nothing difficult in dividing and replanting irises in the summer. By the way - the end of summer is a great time to divide and
One of the most popular and resistant plants is considered iris... He for a long time pleases the eye not only at the moment of flowering, but also after, thanks to its beautiful foliage. Each experienced gardener and the florist knows that irises, if transplanted incorrectly, can lose their former beauty, so this moment needs to be treated with special attention.
When is the best time to replant irises?
- do it regularly, at least once every 5 years;
An important point: if you do it less often, the roots will begin to rise outward, preventing full development and flowering.
- be sure to carefully choose a landing site, it must be on the sunny side, protected from wind and excess moisture;
- spend preparatory activities with the future: clear weeds, add humus (you can compost), put sand on the chosen place.
It is possible to transplant in spring and autumn, but with the first option:
- damage to the roots due to temperature changes and the possibility of heavy precipitation is not excluded;
Advice: spring is more applicable to the southern regions.
- the best time is considered to be the period from late April to early May. However, everything is relative, for some areas, in particular, southern ones, you can start doing this a little earlier, and for middle lane, vice versa. There is no clear time frame, you need to focus only on the weather.
Interesting fact: it is noted that irises that are transplanted on May holidays bloom faster than April ones.
In autumn:
- damage to non-established roots as a result of the first frost is possible (if the time for planting is incorrectly calculated);
- the ideal period is from early September to October;
Note: everything is relative, depends on climatic features.
An interesting point: most flower growers prefer to carry out all actions in the autumn, noting a more intense flowering and resistance to diseases in the future.
Transfer
In the spring
During transplanting in the spring, the main points should be considered:
- dig up the plant with extreme caution, since the roots during this period are the most fragile, there should be no damage;
- dig only with a clod of earth;
- cannot be planted if the soil is frozen, otherwise the plant may not survive.
Advice: try to keep the native land as much as possible.
- do not forget about feeding.
Transplant stages:
- A healthy and strong bush is necessarily dug out.
- The rhizome is thoroughly cleared of the earth.
- Rotten and damaged roots are removed.
- The leaves are trimmed.
Advice: it is better to shorten them exactly 2 times.
- Dry leaves are removed
- A disinfection procedure is being carried out. For this, the plant is placed in a special potassium solution for an average of 20 minutes.
- It is removed from the solution, transferred to a dry surface and dried thoroughly
- Charcoal processing
- A hole is dug, an iris is placed in it and buried.
An important point: you cannot sink the roots very deeply, since they will quickly rot and the plant will die. Optimally, the top of the roots sticks out a little.
- The leaves are carefully straightened.
- water infrequently and a little;
Note: otherwise the plant will not take root.
- if it suddenly gets cold, cover the plant.
In autumn
When choosing a suitable month for such an action, it is necessary to take into account that:
- the iris should bloom completely;
- the rhizome should have time to fix well in the soil, therefore, frosts should not be expected in the near future;
- in November (earlier for northern and central regions) cover the plant with a blanket.
Note: it is removed only when the snow has completely melted. Further, the soil is well loosened, the leaves look (if necessary, the bad ones are removed) and fertilizers are added.
An important point: a few weeks before the expected date of digging, exclude all fertilizing.
Transplant stages in the fall:
- First, you need to thoroughly loosen the ground;
- Add required amount minerals;
Advice: they need to be purchased at a flower shop, always of the type that is suitable for a particular area. Do not add organic matter, especially for the southern regions.
- Remove the rhizome from the soil with a pitchfork or a shovel, shorten the leaves;
- Disinfect in solution, dry.
Note: The solution is the same as for the spring planting.
- Plant in a prepared place, water.
Note: if you transplant rhizomes, then unlike seeds, they will sprout in a year. This method is suitable for any type of irises - wild and decorative.
Closer to the onset of cold weather, it is required:
- slightly loosen the soil;
- put humus;
- make a layer of sawdust on top.
An important point: the latter is applicable only for northern regions or abnormally cold autumn.
Transplant methods
There are several ways, each grower determines the appropriate one, guided by the characteristics of the soil and the characteristics of the plant.
Main ways:
- The bush is completely dug up:
- using a shovel, the rhizome is removed from the ground. It is important not to damage anything in this case;
- cleared;
- leaves are trimmed;
Note: many leave only up to 10 cm in length.
- roots are shortened up to 3 cm;
- hatch for 2 days, after they are planted.
- Partial digging:
- digging a bush with a shovel;
- the required number of stems is separated;
Advice: A sharp knife is more suitable for this.
- landed in a prepared place.
If, during digging, damage to the rhizome is found, then such a plant is not suitable for partial transplantation.
Prevention of diseases during transplantation
So that there are no diseases, and in iris most often it is the roots or leaves that rot, preventive measures are necessary:
Note: half a gram of Confidor is added to 5 liters of water, then the leaves are carefully sprayed.
Blitz Tips:
- it is not worth delaying the transplant for a long time, lost time can negatively affect his health in the future or even lead to death;
- it is better to carry out all work in the morning;
- planting irises should be no closer than 50 cm from each other;
- strictly follow all recommendations for the prevention of diseases;
- do the treatment in a timely manner.