I found an article on the Internet about how to convert a car generator to a permanent magnet generator. Is it possible to use this principle and remake the generator with your own hands from asynchronous electric motor? It is possible that there will be large energy losses due to the wrong arrangement of the coils.
I have an asynchronous type motor with a voltage of 110 volts, speed – 1450, 2.2 amperes, single-phase. I don’t dare to do it with containers homemade generator because there will be big losses.
It is suggested to use simple engines according to this scheme.
If you change an engine or generator with round-shaped magnets from the speakers, do you need to install them in crabs? Crabs are two metal parts, are anchored outside the field coils.
If magnets are placed on a shaft, the shaft will shunt the magnetic lines of force. How will there be excitement then? The coil is also located on a metal shaft.
If you change the connection of the windings and make a parallel connection, accelerate to speeds above normal values, you get 70 volts. Where can I get a mechanism for such speeds? If you rewind it to lower speeds and lower power, the power will drop too much.
An asynchronous motor with a closed rotor is made of iron, which is filled with aluminum. You can take a homemade generator from a car, which has a voltage of 14 volts and a current of 80 amperes. This is good data. An engine with a commutator running on alternating current from a vacuum cleaner or washing machine can be used for a generator. Set the bias to the stator, voltage direct current remove from brushes. According to the highest EMF, change the angle of the brushes. Coefficient useful action tends to zero. But nothing better than a synchronous generator has been invented.
I decided to test a homemade generator. A single-phase asynchronous motor from a small washing machine was turned with a drill. I connected a 4 µF capacitance to it, it turned out 5 volts 30 hertz and a current of 1.5 milliamps for a short circuit.
Not every electric motor can be used as a generator using this method. There are motors with a steel rotor that have a low degree of magnetization on the remainder.
It is necessary to know the difference between electrical energy conversion and energy generation. There are several ways to convert 1 phase into 3. One of them is mechanical energy. If the power station is disconnected from the outlet, then all conversion is lost.
It is clear where the movement of the wire with increasing speed will come from. It is not clear where the magnetic field will come from to produce the EMF in the wire.
It's easy to explain. Due to the magnetism mechanism that remains, an emf is generated in the armature. A current arises in the stator winding, which is shorted to the capacitance.
The current has arisen, which means it gives an increase in the electromotive force on the coils of the rotor shaft. The resulting current increases the electromotive force. The stator electric current produces a much larger electromotive force. This goes until the stator magnetic fluxes and the rotor are in equilibrium, as well as additional losses.
The size of the capacitors is calculated so that the voltage at the terminals reaches the nominal value. If it is small, then reduce the capacity, then increase it. There were doubts about old motors, which supposedly do not excite. After accelerating the rotor of a motor or generator, you need to quickly poke a small amount of volts into any phase. Everything will return to normal. Charge the capacitor to a voltage equal to half the capacity. Turn on using a three-pole switch. This applies to a 3-phase motor. This circuit is used for generators of passenger transport cars, since they have a squirrel-cage rotor.
Method 2
You can make a homemade generator in another way. The stator has a clever design (it has a special design solution), and it is possible to adjust the output voltage. I made this type of generator with my own hands at a construction site. The engine produced 7 kW at 900 rpm. I connected the excitation winding according to a 220 V delta circuit. I started it at 1600 rpm, the capacitors were 3 to 120 uF. They were switched on by a contactor with three poles. The generator acted as a three-phase rectifier. Powered from this rectifier electric drill with a 1000 watt collector, and a 2200 watt circular saw, 220 V, a 2000 watt grinder.
I had to make a soft start system, another resistor with a shorted phase after 3 seconds.
This is not correct for motors with commutators. If you double the rotating frequency, the capacitance will also decrease.
The frequency will also increase. The tank circuit was switched off automatically so as not to use the reactivity torus and not waste fuel.
During operation, you must press the contactor stator. Three phases dismantled them as unnecessary. The reason lies in the high gap and increased field dissipation of the poles.
Special mechanisms with a double cage for the squirrel and slanted eyes for the squirrel. Still, I got 100 volts and a frequency of 30 hertz from the washing machine motor, the 15 watt lamp does not want to light up. Very weak power. It is necessary to take a stronger motor, or install more capacitors.
A generator with a squirrel-cage rotor is used under the cars. Its mechanism comes from a gearbox and a belt drive. Rotation speed 300 rpm. It is located as an additional load generator.
Method 3
You can design a homemade generator, a gasoline-powered power plant.
Instead of a generator, use a 3-phase asynchronous motor of 1.5 kW at 900 rpm. The electric motor is Italian and can be connected with a triangle or a star. First, I placed the motor on a base with a DC motor and attached it to the coupling. I started turning the engine at 1100 rpm. A voltage of 250 volts appeared on the phases. I connected a 1000 watt light bulb, the voltage immediately dropped to 150 volts. This is probably due to phase imbalance. Each phase must have a separate load. Three 300-watt light bulbs will not be able to reduce the voltage to 200 volts, theoretically. You can put a larger capacitor.
The engine speed must be increased and not reduced when under load, then the power supply to the network will be constant.
Significant power is required; an autogenerator will not provide such power. If you rewind a large KAMAZ, then 220 V will not come out of it, since the magnetic circuit will be oversaturated. It was designed for 24 volts.
Today I was going to try connecting the load through a 3-phase power supply (rectifier). They turned off the lights in the garages, but it didn’t work. In the city of power engineers, the lights are systematically turned off, so it is necessary to create a source of constant power supply with electricity. There is an attachment for electric welding that is attached to the tractor. To connect an electric tool, you need a constant voltage source of 220 V. There was an idea to construct a homemade generator with your own hands, and an inverter for it, but, on batteries You can't work for long.
The electricity was recently turned on. I connected an asynchronous motor from Italy. I placed it with the chainsaw motor on the frame, twisted the shafts together, and installed a rubber coupling. I connected the coils according to a star circuit, the capacitors in a triangle, 15 μF each. When I started the motors, there was no power output. I connected a capacitor charged to the phases, and voltage appeared. The engine produced its power of 1.5 kW. At the same time, the supply voltage dropped to 240 volts, idle speed it was 255 volts. The grinder operated normally at 950 watts.
I tried to increase the engine speed, but there was no excitement. After the capacitor contacts the phase, voltage appears immediately. I will try to install a different engine.
What system designs are produced abroad for power plants? On 1-phase ones, it is clear that the rotor owns the winding, there is no phase imbalance, because there is one phase. In 3-phase there is a system that allows power adjustment when motors with the highest load are connected to it. You can also connect an inverter for welding.
Over the weekend I wanted to make a homemade generator with my own hands using an asynchronous motor. A successful attempt to make a homemade generator turned out to be connecting an old engine with a cast iron housing of 1 kW and 950 rpm. The motor is excited normally, with one 40 µF capacitance. And I installed three containers and connected them with a star. This was enough to start an electric drill and grinder. I wanted it to produce voltage output on one phase. To do this, I connected three diodes, a half-bridge. The fluorescent lamps for lighting burned out, and the bags in the garage were set on fire. I will wind the transformer into three phases.
Write comments, additions to the article, maybe I missed something. Take a look at, I will be glad if you find something else useful on mine.
The article describes how to build a three-phase (single-phase) 220/380 V generator based on an AC asynchronous electric motor. A three-phase asynchronous electric motor, invented at the end of the 19th century by the Russian electrical engineer M.O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky, has now become predominantly widespread both in industry and in agriculture, as well as in everyday life.
Asynchronous electric motors are the simplest and most reliable to operate. Therefore, in all cases where this is permissible under the conditions of the electric drive and there is no need for reactive power compensation, asynchronous AC motors should be used.
There are two main types of asynchronous motors: with squirrel-cage rotor and with phase rotor. An asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motor consists of a stationary part - the stator and a moving part - the rotor, rotating in bearings mounted in two motor shields. The stator and rotor cores are made of separate electrical steel sheets insulated from one another. A winding made of insulated wire is placed in the grooves of the stator core. A rod winding is placed into the grooves of the rotor core or molten aluminum is poured. Jumper rings short-circuit the rotor winding at the ends (hence the name short-circuited). Unlike a squirrel-cage rotor, a winding made like a stator winding is placed in the slots of a phase-wound rotor. The ends of the winding are brought to slip rings mounted on the shaft. Brushes slide along the rings, connecting the winding to a starting or control rheostat.
Asynchronous electric motors with a wound rotor are more expensive devices, require qualified maintenance, are less reliable, and therefore are used only in those industries where they cannot be done without them. For this reason, they are not very common, and we will not consider them further.
A current flows through the stator winding connected to a three-phase circuit, creating a rotating magnetic field. The magnetic field lines of the rotating stator field cross the rotor winding bars and induce an electromotive force (EMF) in them. Under the influence of this EMF, current flows in the short-circuited rotor rods. Magnetic fluxes arise around the rods, creating a general magnetic field of the rotor, which, interacting with the rotating magnetic field of the stator, creates a force that forces the rotor to rotate in the direction of rotation of the stator magnetic field.
The rotor rotation frequency is slightly less than the rotation frequency of the magnetic field created by the stator winding. This indicator is characterized by slip S and is for most engines in the range from 2 to 10%.
Most commonly used in industrial installations three-phase asynchronous electric motors, which are produced in the form of unified series. These include the single 4A series with a rated power range from 0.06 to 400 kW, the machines of which are highly reliable, have good performance and meet world standards.
Autonomous asynchronous generators are three-phase machines that convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into alternating current electrical energy. Their undoubted advantage over other types of generators is the absence of a commutator-brush mechanism and, as a consequence, greater durability and reliability.
Operation of an asynchronous electric motor in generator mode
If unplugged asynchronous motor set into rotation from some prime mover, then in accordance with the principle of reversibility electric machines When the synchronous rotation speed is reached, a certain EMF is generated at the terminals of the stator winding under the influence of the residual magnetic field. If you now connect a battery of capacitors C to the terminals of the stator winding, then a leading capacitive current will flow in the stator windings, which in this case is magnetizing.
The battery capacity C must exceed a certain critical value C0, depending on the parameters of the autonomous asynchronous generator: only in this case does the generator self-excite and a three-phase symmetrical voltage system is installed on the stator windings. The voltage value ultimately depends on the characteristics of the machine and the capacitance of the capacitors. Thus, an asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motor can be converted into an asynchronous generator.
Standard circuit for connecting an asynchronous electric motor as a generator.
You can select the capacitance so that the rated voltage and power of the asynchronous generator are equal to the voltage and power, respectively, when it operates as an electric motor.
Table 1 shows the capacitances of the capacitors for excitation of asynchronous generators (U=380 V, 750...1500 rpm). Here reactive power Q is determined by the formula:
Q = 0.314 U 2 C 10 -6 ,
where C is the capacitance of the capacitors, μF.
| Generator power, kVA | Idling | |||||
| capacity, µF | reactive power, kvar | cos = 1 | cos = 0.8 | |||
| capacity, µF | reactive power, kvar | capacity, µF | reactive power, kvar | |||
| 2,0 3,5 5,0 7,0 10,0 15,0 |
28 45 60 74 92 120 |
1,27 2,04 2,72 3,36 4,18 5,44 |
36 56 75 98 130 172 |
1,63 2,54 3,40 4,44 5,90 7,80 |
60 100 138 182 245 342 |
2,72 4,53 6,25 8,25 11,1 15,5 |
As can be seen from the above data, the inductive load on the asynchronous generator, which reduces the power factor, causes a sharp increase in the required capacity. To maintain a constant voltage with increasing load, it is necessary to increase the capacitor capacity, that is, connect additional capacitors. This circumstance must be considered as a disadvantage of the asynchronous generator.
The rotation frequency of an asynchronous generator in normal mode must exceed the asynchronous one by a slip value S = 2...10%, and correspond to the synchronous frequency. Not fulfilling this condition will lead to the fact that the frequency of the generated voltage may differ from the industrial frequency of 50 Hz, which will lead to unstable operation of frequency-dependent consumers of electricity: electric pumps, washing machines, devices with transformer input.
A decrease in the generated frequency is especially dangerous, since in this case the inductive resistance of the windings of electric motors and transformers decreases, which can cause their increased heating and premature failure.
An ordinary asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motor of appropriate power can be used as an asynchronous generator without any modifications. The power of the electric motor-generator is determined by the power of the connected devices. The most energy-intensive of them are:
- household welding transformers;
- electric saws, electric jointers, grain crushers (power 0.3...3 kW);
- electric furnaces of the "Rossiyanka" and "Dream" types with a power of up to 2 kW;
- electric irons (power 850…1000 W).
I would especially like to dwell on the operation of household welding transformers. Their connection to autonomous source electricity is most desirable, because when working from industrial network they create whole line inconvenience for other electricity consumers.
If a household welding transformer is designed to work with electrodes with a diameter of 2...3 mm, then its total power is approximately 4...6 kW, the power of the asynchronous generator to power it should be within 5...7 kW. If a household welding transformer allows working with electrodes with a diameter of 4 mm, then in the heaviest mode - “cutting” metal, the total power consumed by it can reach 10...12 kW, respectively, the power of an asynchronous generator should be within 11...13 kW.
As a three-phase bank of capacitors, it is good to use so-called reactive power compensators, designed to improve cosφ in industrial lighting networks. Their typical designation: KM1-0.22-4.5-3U3 or KM2-0.22-9-3U3, which is deciphered as follows. KM - impregnated cosine capacitors mineral oil, the first number is the size (1 or 2), then the voltage (0.22 kV), power (4.5 or 9 kvar), then the number 3 or 2 means three-phase or single-phase version, U3 (moderate climate of the third category).
When self-made batteries, you should use capacitors such as MBGO, MBGP, MBGT, K-42-4, etc. for an operating voltage of at least 600 V. Electrolytic capacitors cannot be used.
The option discussed above for connecting a three-phase electric motor as a generator can be considered classic, but not the only one. There are other methods that have proven themselves just as well in practice. For example, when a bank of capacitors is connected to one or two windings of an electric motor generator.
Two-phase mode of an asynchronous generator.
Fig.2 Two-phase mode of an asynchronous generator.
This scheme should be used when there is no need to obtain three-phase voltage. This switching option reduces the working capacity of the capacitors, reduces the load on the primary mechanical engine in idle mode, etc. saves "precious" fuel.
Single-phase asynchronous squirrel-cage electric motors can be used as low-power generators producing alternating single-phase voltage 220 V household use: from washing machines such as "Oka", "Volga", irrigation pumps "Agidel", "BTsN", etc. Their capacitor bank can be connected in parallel to the working winding, or use an existing phase-shifting capacitor connected to the starting winding. The capacity of this capacitor may need to be increased slightly. Its value will be determined by the nature of the load connected to the generator: active loads (electric furnaces, light bulbs, electric soldering irons) require a small capacity, inductive loads (electric motors, televisions, refrigerators) require more.
Fig. 3 Low-power generator from a single-phase asynchronous motor.
Now a few words about the primary mechanical engine, which will drive the generator. As you know, any transformation of energy is associated with its inevitable losses. Their value is determined by the efficiency of the device. Therefore, the power of a mechanical motor must exceed the power of an asynchronous generator by 50...100%. For example, with an asynchronous generator power of 5 kW, the power of a mechanical motor should be 7.5...10 kW. By using transmission mechanism they achieve coordination of the speed of the mechanical engine and the generator so that the operating mode of the generator is set at the average speed of the mechanical engine. If necessary, you can briefly increase the generator power by increasing the speed of the mechanical engine.
Each autonomous power plant must contain minimum required attachments: AC voltmeter (with a scale up to 500 V), frequency meter (preferably) and three switches. One switch connects the load to the generator, the other two switch the excitation circuit. The presence of switches in the excitation circuit makes it easier to start a mechanical engine, and also allows you to quickly reduce the temperature of the generator windings; after completion of work, the rotor of the unexcited generator is rotated for some time by the mechanical engine. This procedure extends the active life of the generator windings.
If the generator is used to power equipment that is normally connected to the AC mains (for example, residential lighting, household electrical appliances), then it is necessary to provide a two-phase switch, which will disconnect this equipment from the industrial network during generator operation. It is necessary to disconnect both wires: “phase” and “zero”.
In conclusion, some general advice.
1. The alternator is a hazardous device. Use 380 V voltage only if emergency, in all other cases, use 220 V.
2. According to safety requirements, the electric generator must be equipped with grounding.
3. Pay attention to the thermal mode of the generator. He "does not like" idling. Reduce thermal load possible by more careful selection of the capacitance of the exciting capacitors.
4. Don't go wrong with power electric current produced by the generator. If one phase is used when operating a three-phase generator, then its power will be 1/3 of the total power of the generator, if two phases will be 2/3 of the total power of the generator.
5. The frequency of the alternating current produced by the generator can be indirectly controlled by the output voltage, which in the “no-load” mode should be 4...6% higher than the industrial value of 220/380 V.
Very often, lovers of outdoor recreation do not want to give up amenities Everyday life. Since most of these conveniences involve electricity, there is a need for a power source that you can take with you. Some people buy an electric generator, while others decide to make a generator with their own hands. The task is not easy, but it is quite doable at home for anyone who has technical skills and the necessary equipment.
Selecting a generator type
Before you decide to make a homemade 220 V generator, you should think about the feasibility of such a decision. You need to weigh the pros and cons and determine what suits you best - a factory sample or a homemade one. Here main advantages of industrial devices:
- Reliability.
- High performance.
- Quality assurance and access to technical support.
- Safety.
However, industrial designs have one significant drawback - a very high price. Not everyone can afford such units, so It’s worth thinking about the advantages of homemade devices:
- Low price. Five times, and sometimes more, lower price compared to factory electric generators.
- Simplicity of the device and good knowledge all components of the device, since everything was assembled by hand.
- The ability to modernize and improve the technical data of the generator to suit your needs.
An electric generator made by yourself at home is unlikely to be highly efficient, but it is quite capable of meeting the minimum requirements. Another disadvantage of homemade products is electrical safety.
It is not always highly reliable, unlike industrial designs. Therefore, you should take the choice of the type of generator very seriously. Not only savings will depend on this decision Money, but also life, the health of loved ones and oneself.
Design and operating principle
Electromagnetic induction underlies the operation of any generator that produces current. Anyone who remembers Faraday's law from the ninth grade physics course understands the principle of converting electromagnetic oscillations into direct electric current. It is also obvious that creating favorable conditions for supplying sufficient voltage is not so easy.
Any electric generator consists of two main parts. They may have different modifications, but are present in any design:
There are two main types of generators depending on the type of rotor rotation: asynchronous and synchronous. When choosing one of them, take into account the advantages and disadvantages of each. Most often the choice craftsmen falls on the first option. There are good reasons for this:
In connection with the above arguments, the most likely choice for self-production is an asynchronous generator. All that remains is to find a suitable sample and a scheme for its manufacture.
Unit assembly procedure
First, you should equip your workplace with the necessary materials and tools. Workplace must comply with safety regulations when working with electrical appliances. The tools you will need are everything related to electrical equipment and vehicle maintenance. In fact, a well-equipped garage is quite suitable for creating your own generator. Here's what you'll need from the main parts:
Having collected necessary materials, begin to calculate the future power of the device. To do this, you need to perform three operations:
When the capacitors are soldered in place and the desired voltage is obtained at the output, the structure is assembled.
In this case, the increased electrical hazard of such objects should be taken into account. It is important to consider proper grounding of the generator and carefully insulate all connections. Not only the service life of the device, but also the health of those who use it depends on the fulfillment of these requirements.
Device made from a car engine
Using the diagram for assembling a device for generating current, many come up with their own incredible designs. For example, a bicycle or water-powered generator, windmill. However, there is an option that does not require special design skills.
Any car engine has an electric generator, which is most often in good working order, even if the engine itself has long been scrapped. Therefore, having disassembled the engine, you can use finished product for your own purposes.
Solving a problem with rotor rotation is much easier than thinking about how to make it again. You can simply restore a broken engine and use it as a generator. To do this, all unnecessary components and accessories are removed from the engine.
Wind dynamo
In places where the winds blow without stopping, restless inventors are haunted by the waste of nature's energy. Many of them decide to create a small wind farm. To do this, you need to take an electric motor and convert it into a generator. The sequence of actions will be as follows:
Having made his own windmill with a small electric generator or a generator from a car engine with his own hands, the owner can be calm during unforeseen disasters: there will always be electric light in his house. Even after going outdoors, he will be able to continue to enjoy the conveniences provided by electrical equipment.
The desire to make your home completely autonomous is inherent in every owner country cottage and even a small dacha. But if there are no special problems with water and sewerage, then centralized Electricity of the net unpleasant moments often arise. Therefore, many are trying to acquire autonomous mini-power plants that could maintain operation household appliances in case of a network failure.
But such equipment is very expensive and not everyone can afford it. What to do in such a situation? You can buy one unit for several houses together, but then it must have greater power, and, therefore, high price. There are more cheap option– assemble an electric generator with your own hands, using improvised means. Can anyone make such a device? Let's try to find out by analyzing the information on the network.
What are generators and where are they used?
- This is equipment capable of producing electricity by burning fuel. They come in both single- and three-phase. Moreover, the latter are distinguished by their ability to work with various loads.
They are used as a backup and, in some cases, permanent source of power supply and are intended for operation:
Types and their application features
Technological equipment of this class is classified according to the following parameters:
- Area of use;
- Type of fuel burned;
- Number of phases;
- Power.
Let's start with the scope of application. Depending on this factor, generators are divided into household and professional, although a simple electric generator can be assembled with your own hands. The first ones are usually made in the form of a compact power unit and have a power from 0.7 to 25 kW. They are equipped with an internal combustion engine running on gasoline or diesel fuel and equipped with an air cooling system. Such devices are used as backup energy sources for household appliances and power tools, as well as a self-powered electric generator assembled with your own hands.
They are lightweight and have low noise levels, so they are wide application in private households. The operation and maintenance of such units is not difficult and anyone can handle it, just like assembling an electric generator with their own hands.
Let's watch the video, a little about generators, their types and advantages:
Professional equipment is designed to operate as a constant source of energy supply. Typically such generators are used in medical institutions and administrative buildings, as well as in the construction industry during emergency and other work. Units of this class have significant weight and are not characterized by quiet operation, which significantly complicates their transportation and selection of installation location. But at the same time, they have a higher service life and reliability when operating in extreme conditions. The advantages of such electric generators include economical fuel consumption.
The power of industrial power plants can exceed 100 kW, which allows them to be used as backup power sources for electrical equipment of large enterprises. The disadvantage of these units is difficult maintenance.
The next parameter used in classification is fuel type:
- Petrol;
- Diesel;
The former have a small power range, but at the same time they are distinguished by mobility and ease of use, just like those made by yourself. They are used as backup sources, as they have a short motor life and the high cost of the energy received.
Diesel units have a wide range of capacities and can be used to supply electricity to public institutions and even small villages. However, they are not compact in size and quiet in operation, so they must be installed on a reinforced foundation in a separate room.
They are mainly used in industrial facilities. They are highly environmentally friendly and low-cost energy generated.
Power plants also differ in the number of phases:
- One;
- Three.
The former are suitable for devices with single-phase power supply in the corresponding networks. The latter can serve as a source of energy for various devices and are installed in houses with three-phase network wiring.
Design and principle of operation
Principle of operation
A machine capable of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy is called a power plant. Its operating principle is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction, which is well known to everyone from school physics courses.
It says that an emf is generated in a conductor moving in a magnetic field and crossing lines of force. Therefore, it can be considered as a source of electricity.
But since this method is not entirely convenient for practical application, then in generators it was slightly changed, using the rotational movement of the conductor. In theoretical terms, power plants are a system of electromagnets and conductors. But structurally, they consist of internal combustion engines and generators.
DIY power plant diagram
Many, trying to save money, try to create as much as possible homemade equipment, for example, a generator. There is no need to explain to anyone that this device is necessary in every home, but industrial model it costs expensive.
To get similar equipment in a cheaper version, you will have to assemble it yourself. There are various schemes of electric generators assembled with your own hands: from the simplest ones - windmills, to more complex ones - made on the basis of internal combustion engines. Let's look at some of them.
Windmill - a simple option
Vyatryak scheme
You can assemble such a unit from scrap materials. It can be used both on a hike and in the country and is a fuel-free electric generator assembled with your own hands. It will require:
- DC electric motor (it will play the role of a generator);
- Carriage unit and driven sprocket from an adult bicycle;
- Roller chain from a motorcycle;
- Duralumin 2 mm thick.
All this does not require large expenses, and you can even find it for free in your garage. You can see how to make an electric generator yourself in the video below. Assembly also does not require special knowledge. A chain sprocket is installed on the electric motor shaft.
Let's watch the video, detailed instructions for assembly:
It can also be attached to a bicycle frame. The blades of the windmill are made slightly curved and up to 80 cm in length. Even with a slight wind, such a device is capable of producing from 4 to 6 amperes and a voltage of 14 V. Even an engine from an old scanner can be taken as a generator for a windmill. This is the simplest electric generator that you can assemble with your own hands.
Power plant based on an old generator from a walk-behind tractor
Before looking for a diagram homemade device Decide which option will be the most affordable for you. Perhaps you can find a generator from an old walk-behind tractor and, based on it, assemble a device that can provide power to electric lamps located in several rooms.
An asynchronous motor of the AIR series with a rotation speed of up to 1600 rpm and a power of up to 15 kW is suitable as a generator for such an installation. It is connected using pulleys and a drive belt to a motor removed from the walk-behind tractor. The diameter of the pulleys must be such that the rotation speed of the electric motor used as a generator is 15% higher than the rated value.
Let's watch the video in detail about these works:
The motor windings must be star-connected, with a capacitor connected in parallel to each pair. The result is a triangle. But to ensure the operation of the generator, it is necessary that all generators have the same capacity.
A generator is a device that produces products that generate electrical energy or convert it into another. What is the device, how to make a generator, what is the principle of its operation, what is the difference from a synchronous generator? We'll talk about this later.
A generator is an electric machine that converts mechanical energy into current electricity. In most cases, a rotational type of magnetic field is used for this. The apparatus consists of a relay, a rotating inductor, slip rings, a terminal, a sliding brush, a diode bridge, diodes, a slip ring, a stator, a rotor, bearings, a rotor shaft, a pulley, an impeller and a front cover. Often the design includes a coil with an electromagnet that generates energy.
DIY generator
It is important to note that the generator comes in AC and DC versions. In the first case, they are not formed eddy currents, the device can operate under extreme conditions and is lightweight. In the second case, the generator does not need increased attention and has large quantity resources.
The alternating current generator can be synchronous or asynchronous. The first is a unit that operates as a generator, where the number of rotations of the stator is equal to the rotor. The rotor generates a magnetic field and creates an EMF in the stator.
Note! The result is a permanent electric magnet. Among the advantages, the high stability of the generated voltage is noted; among the disadvantages, there is current overload, since when the load is too high, the regulator increases the current in the rotor winding.
Synchronous machine design
The asynchronous device consists of a squirrel-cage rotor and exactly the same stator as the previous model. When the rotor rotates, the asynchronous generator induces an electric current and the magnetic field creates a sinusoidal voltage. Since it has no connection with the rotor, there is no possibility to artificially regulate the voltage and current. These parameters change under the electrical load on the starter winding.
The device of an asynchronous device
Operating principle
Any generator operates according to the electromagnetic inductive law, due to the induction of electric current in a closed frame by the intersection of a rotating magnetic field, created using permanent magnets or windings. Electromotive force enters a closed circuit from the collector and brush assembly along with the magnetic flux, the rotor rotates and generates voltage. Thanks to spring-loaded brushes, which are pressed against the plate commutators, electric current is transmitted to the output terminals. Then it goes to the user’s network and spreads through electrical equipment.
Principle of operation
Difference from synchronous generator
A synchronous gasoline generator is not overloaded due to transient conditions that are associated with starting under load from consumers of similar power. It is a source of reactive power, while asynchronous one consumes it. The first one is not afraid of overloads in the set mode thanks to the auto-regulation system through a connection that is inverse to the current with the voltage in the wire. The second has an artificially unregulated adhesion force of the electromagnetic rotor field.
Note! It is important to understand that the asynchronous version is more popular due to its simple design, unpretentiousness, lack of need for technically qualified service and comparative cheapness. It is placed when: no high requirements to frequency with voltage; the unit is supposed to operate in a dusty place; There is no way to overpay for another variety.
Application area
An alternating current generator is a multifunctional device, thanks to which energy can be transmitted over long distances and at the same time quickly redistributed. In addition, it is converted into light, thermal, mechanical and other energy according to instructions. Easy to manufacture. Therefore, their scope of application is wide. Today, such devices are used everywhere: both in industry and in everyday life. They are equipped with a powerful motor.
For example, an electric and wind generator will be useful at a time when the volts network is turned off, an accident occurs at a power plant, and additional energy is needed in the engine.
A gasoline and magnetic generator, due to its light weight and compactness, can be transported and used in agriculture, in the country, in the forest. It will serve as equipment rapid response and will help create emergency lighting.
Application area
Device classification
The classification of the device is extensive. Today it can be asynchronous and synchronous, with a fixed rotor or stator, single-phase, two-phase and three-phase, with independent or self-excitation, with field windings or excitation from a permanent magnet.
Note! It is worth noting that on this moment Three-phase models are more popular due to the rotating circular magnetic field, the balance of the system, operation in several modes and high levels efficiency.
Equipment classification
Device assembly diagram
You can assemble electric generators for 220 with your own hands by analogy with production model. For this you may need video tutorials or teaching aids. Then you need to correctly connect all devices of one system. This can be done using a star or triangle pattern.
In the first case, the electrical connection occurs for all ends of the windings of one point, and in the second case, a series type of winding generator connections is provided. It is important to note that these circuits can only be used if the phase load is uniform. Then the topic of how to make a generator at home will be relevant.
Star connection diagram
In general, a generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using a wire type of magnetic field coil. Depending on the number of phases, units come with one, two and three phases.
Triangle connection diagram
You can make it today with your own hands, using the special scheme indicated above.