Failure to comply with even simple rules on security. This is especially true for electricity. Even experienced electricians who have gained considerable experience become victims. AND high group electrical safety.
At the enterprise, regardless of the type of activity, there must be a person who conducts electrical facilities. Such specialists are responsible for maintaining reporting documentation, organizing verification and measurement activities.
Portable group power tools include:
- Luminaires without a stable base.
- Electric extension adapters.
- Electrified mechanisms without fixing with a permanent foundation
- Machines for grinding and polishing.
- Planers, drills, wrenches
First you need to conduct tests, and then enter their results inspection and testing of power tools.
To begin with, a special serial number is created - it is assigned to all tools, lamps on a portable basis. To write it on the body, coloring compositions or a marker designation are used. The number is applied where the impact mechanical type not so active.
Journal of accounting, inspection and testing of power tools - you can download a sample
Power tool test: established frequency and right to conduct
Once every six months is the minimum period for conducting inspections. More frequent events are allowed.
Without special devices, inspections are unacceptable. They are becoming an integral part of modern electrical laboratories. To carry out the work on their own, the management must have such a laboratory available.
In the absence of the necessary funds, an appeal to third-party performers is allowed. In this case, the main requirement is the availability of an official license, otherwise specialists do not have the right to conduct inspections. Such responsible persons must have an electrical safety group of at least 3.
You can learn how to keep a log of incoming documents and download its sample, you can
Contents of the register, inspection and testing of power tools
The columns in the log contain information about:
- The person responsible for checking and testing.
- The date when the next test will be carried out.
- Tests without loads, visual inspection.
- Checking the serviceability of the ground circuit.
- By measuring the resistance of the insulating material
- Reasons for testing and inspections
- Dates of recent events
- inventory type number
- Names of power tools
The order of filling the journal
Each of the columns is filled in in its own order:
- The names of the tools must exactly match the information specified in the passport. It is not just the name of the instrument that is written, but the exact designation of the model. As for inventory numbers, the procedure for their assignment was discussed above. The main requirement is the absence of errors.
- Be sure to write about the time when the previous test of the power tool passed. Usually such information is one of the columns of the log. In the passport, manufacturers write about factory tests.
There are only two reasons for checking. Either the time has come for the event, or an additional test is necessary in connection with the repair.
Journal of accounting, inspection and testing of power tools - an example of filling in the enterprise:
An example of filling out a journal of accounting, verification and testing. Idling check
External inspection of the instrument is the first step in any inspection:
- Inspection begins with the body of the instrument. Dirt, chips and cracks are unacceptable.
- We proceed to a thorough inspection of the fork. In the housing, the pins should be fixed as tightly as possible. Mounting screws must be checked if there is a collapsible housing. Screw connections are pulled with a screwdriver. The integrity of the hull deserves special attention.
- The power cable is checked for flexibility. Breaks and twists, cracks on the cable surface exclude the purchase. A separate inspection is carried out for places where the fork and body parts are attached to others. Violations in double insulation are not allowed.
How to fill out the register of orders for the main activity correctly - read
How to check the device at idle?
Just press the "Start" button, connecting the tool to the network. There is no load during testing. Several factors deserve attention:
- Is there spark on start up?
- Are rotating parts hitting each other or other places?
- Does it smell like the insulation is burned?
- Extraneous noise in the engine?
- The smoothness of pressing "Start".
In the register of accounting, inspection and testing of power tools, the responsible person writes when the test was passed and the result that was achieved. The result is unsatisfactory or satisfactory.
The procedure for checking the operation of the device at idle. Insulation resistance: how is it measured?
Megaohmmeter will become indispensable assistants during the procedure. The device has a set of requirements:
- Devices are purchased without defects of a mechanical type, elements with pollution.
- The due date for the next review has not yet expired.
- The output voltage indicator reaches a thousand volts.
The measurement is easily carried out by two people from the team. 3 electrical safety group is required for one. Before working with the device, it is checked by itself.
We fasten the conclusions with a short connection. After that, we proceed to the rotation of the handle. And they do this until the arrow in the scale freezes at zero. The leads are then disconnected and the handle rotates again. If everything is fine, the arrow deviates towards the infinity symbol.
Measurements are taken in the following order:
- The pins of the plug in the tested power tool are connected to the output elements in the device. Do not allow contact between the ends of the leads. Megaohmmeters are different, depending on this, either the button is used for 1 minute, or the lever is rotated. After that, the readings of the device are fixed, the measurement stops. The leads are disconnected.
- One pin is fixed on the pin of the plug. The second is attached to a metal body part. This measurement is also carried out in 1 minute. Finish the job in the same way as in the previous case.
- The lead is connected to another pin on the plug in the instrument. And again we wait one minute, then we take readings.
The measured value showed more than 0.5 Mohm? The measurement results are considered normal. The tested tool is rejected if the smaller value fell out at least during one of the measurements.
The test result is considered satisfactory when all measurements show roughly the same result.
Ground circuit: how to check its serviceability?
This test is mandatory for power tools with earth plugs. Testing is needed to ensure the integrity of the ground circuit. Situations are considered ideal when the instrument readings are close to zero.
The device has its own requirements:
- Housing without defects and dirt
- Another check has been recently
One person can do the test. First, the ohmmeter is tested for performance. It is enough to turn on the device, close the conclusions to each other. In this position, the arrow points to zero. And it approaches the infinity symbol if the contacts are opened.
During the test, one of the leads is connected to the body metal part, and the other to the fork contact with ground on the tool. It remains only to turn on the device and record its readings.
If the readings of the device always tend to infinity, this is a sign of a malfunction. The tool can no longer be used.
When should the next checks and tests be carried out?
It has already been said that any Sometimes it becomes necessary to check more often than once every six months. This is important if the portable tool is actively used. Responsible for electrical facilities is responsible for setting deadlines.
How is the new date determined? Six months are added to the current one. After that, the entry is made in the register, checks and tests of the power tool, making a mark.
Professional use of power tools
The main thing for enterprises is the organization of a clear system for accounting for such instruments. An employee of the enterprise is appointed responsible, for which a separate decree is issued. He enters the information into the journal using the established form.
Issuing and receiving employees jointly conduct a routine check. The steps are the same in both cases. Any identified malfunctions are recorded officially. Then steps are taken to eliminate them.
If there are few power tools, and each of them is assigned to a separate employee, he conducts a performance check, compliance with all requirements. The use of the tool is unacceptable if the integrity of the body, plug or wires is broken. But scheduled inspections cannot be entrusted to free employees.
For this, electricians must have the appropriate tolerance group. You can not do without the appropriate skill in electrical work.
What about home appliances?
The norms and requirements outlined earlier relate to the professional sphere and are mandatory for managers and employees of large industrial enterprises. When it comes to the content of household appliances at home, the owners of the tools remain responsible.
This is where common sense comes into play. He will say about the inadmissibility of using faulty electrical appliances in everyday life. It is always recommended to check the tools before use.
Checks require the integrity of the case, the quality of fasteners, damage to the supply cable. When the use is over, the device is prepared for further storage. If the tool is stored more, then it is recommended to simply turn on the tools at least once every six months, without loads.
At home, the test is organized according to the same rules as for professionals. The difference is in the time interval, for living conditions it is permissible to exceed the semi-annual norm. For many devices, a one-year inspection is enough.
The decrease in initial quality is due to the aging and wear of the materials used to make the tool. The decrease in insulation resistance occurs for the same reason. Thanks to this, everyone can detect this problem in time.
Separate requirements are developed for high-energy devices. SNiP insist that they require verification at least once every ten days. This applies to devices used in the construction industry. If the instrument does not match minimum requirements in service - it is withdrawn from service.
More information about the inventory process legal entity and the rules for filling out the inventory act, you can get
It is better to turn to electricians who test devices at idle, in practice. Some of them work with machines that belong to the category of heavy equipment. Power tools are stored in dry rooms where moisture and light do not get. Drawers and shelves provide maximum storage. In the passport of the power tool, storage requirements are indicated separately.
Inspection and testing hand power tools must be carried out at enterprises in accordance with the rules of labor protection.
However, if you often use the tool at home or in the country, the frequency of checking the power tool is extremely important in order to avoid possible problems.
Construction tools with intensive use should be checked every 6 months. In general, you should accustom yourself to carry out a visual inspection of the tools for the current work before starting work.
What to check?
The most dangerous for a person when working with a power tool is the possibility of injury. electric shock. To avoid this, check before each use portable power tool:
- No damage to the plug;
- Integrity of the ground circuit (this applies to tools of the 1st class of electrical safety);
- Cable integrity
- The presence and integrity of the protective tube located at the junction of the cable and the tool body. The length of the tube must be at least 5 times the thickness of the power cable.
Let's move on to the body of the power tool:
- Conduct a visual inspection of the entire area of the tool, especially the joints: nothing should go anywhere, no cracks or burst areas;
- All moving parts (for example, a drill chuck, hammer drill or screwdriver) must be securely fastened;
- The brush holder covers must be in good condition and not have any mechanical damage;
- If there is a handle, it must also be securely fixed and intact;
- No grease leaks.
If the visual check of the power tool is passed, you can turn it on and proceed to the next step.
- Check that the tool not only turns on and off, but the on and off button should not stick. If there is a safety button, it must also be in good working order;
- Listen to the sound of the instrument at idle. It should be uniform, moving parts should not “dangle”, also check for extraneous noise and vibration of the case.
Verification
Verification does not need to be carried out frequently, once every 10 days is enough for frequent use.
How often to check?
Depends on the intensity of use of the tool, as well as working conditions. Under normal conditions, check every 6 months. If the operation takes place at low temperatures, frequent temperature changes, in rooms with high humidity, big amount dust, or in an aggressive environment - the testing time of the power tool is reduced to 10 days. This is regulated by regulations for construction companies, but we also recommend ordinary users adhere to these deadlines.
In general, the more often you check, the better. Regulations and documents establish the maximum interval for checks, but no one forbids reducing it. This will only increase the safety and reliability of work. But in no case do not neglect checks and do not increase the service interval, because this can lead to sad consequences.
Checks at enterprises
Labor protection standards provide a clear regulation that regulates not only the inspection and testing of power tools, but also the procedures for accounting, issuing and repairing power tools.
Each action with the tool is recorded in a special log signed by the responsible employee. Each user must be familiar with safety precautions. Filled in according to the sample ( , ).
As a result of the inspection, if defects in the equipment are found, a special protocol for checking the power tool or a test report for the power tool is drawn up, in which all the necessary parameters and details are recorded. With this act of inspection, the tool is sent for repair. We attach a sample document of the verification report:,.
The enterprise can have either one person responsible for accounting and storing electrical equipment, or the second option, when each employee is assigned a tool that he constantly uses. Then responsibility, filling out documents and registering actions falls on him.
At the enterprise, it is simply necessary to monitor the implementation of all the requirements of labor protection regulations, because otherwise the supervisory authorities will cause quite a few problems, and in the event of an accident at work or injury, an application is immediately sent to the prosecutor's office with mandatory subsequent checks and tests of power tools. If violations are detected, the responsible person will be punished, and penalties will be imposed on the enterprise. It is important to keep all documents correctly completed and complete in order to confirm non-violation of established standards.
Checks at home
We do not have supervisory authorities at home, in the country or in the garage, but this does not mean that we do not need to adhere to the rules for checking and testing power tools, because this is our personal safety.
Each power tool contains detailed instructions, which contains all the necessary information on the operation and inspection of the tool. In addition, a visual inspection of the cable, housing and moving parts of any tool is required periodically at the start of work.
In addition, after using the tool, it must be cleaned of dirt, dust or chips.
Often we use the tool very rarely. In this case, it is undesirable that it just gather dust on the shelf. Try to get it out at least once every 3 months and “drive” it at idle a little.
We will leave the frequency of checks to the discretion of the owner of the instrument: here the rule of intensity of use of the instrument is also used:
- Frequent use frequent checks;
- How more difficult conditions operation (cold, temperature fluctuations, aggressive environments), the more frequent checks.
Based on this simple technique, you will be able to choose the correct frequency for testing a power tool.
The Benefits of Tool Checks
- Security;
- Tool life extension;
- Tool breakage prevention: sometimes a small "jamb" in the operation of the tool leads to the failure of the entire device, and not always after that it is suitable for repair, or the cost of spare parts will make this repair unprofitable. So take a closer look and listen to your electric assistants - vigilance will save you nerves, time and money.
PTEEP and POT R M are written in blood... It sounds awful, but it's true. Behind each line - human victims. Disregard for safety rules leads to tragedy.
According to statistics, most often experienced electricians with a solid work experience and a high electrical safety group become victims of accidents in electrical installations.
A person believes in his professionalism so much that he ceases to be afraid - and this is the sad result.
At any enterprise, electrical safety issues should be dealt with specially trained person - responsible for electrical equipment. This is not a position, but an "honorable duty", as Rostekhnadzor inspectors joke.
Let's quote PTEEP: "1.2.3. To directly fulfill the obligations for organizing the operation of electrical installations, the head of the Consumer (except for citizens - owners of electrical installations with a voltage above 1000 V) appoints the person responsible for the electrical facilities of the organization (hereinafter - the responsible for the electrical facilities) with the appropriate document ... The person responsible for the electrical facilities and his deputy are appointed from number of managers and specialists of the Consumer".
Exactly This specialist is responsible for on maintenance of special documentation and organization of measurements and tests of power tools.
What is a portable power tool?
Electric wrenches, electric drills, electric planers, grinders and polishers and other electrified mechanisms not fixed on a permanent foundation, as well as electric extension cords and portable lamps - all this portable power tool.
Before logging measurement and test results, need to take these steps. You need to start by assigning each power tool and portable lamp serial number(according to the new rules - inventory), which is written on the case with paint or a permanent marker in the place that is least exposed to mechanical stress.
Periodicity
Let's take a look at the rules again. technical operation electrical installations of consumers "and in clause 3.5.11. we read that it is necessary to check portable power tools at least once every 6 months. Maybe more often.
Who is authorized to carry out measurements and tests?
For testing and measurement work necessary special devices , devices are an integral part of an electrical laboratory, therefore, an enterprise must have such a laboratory in order to carry out work on its own.
If, due to various circumstances, the enterprise cannot afford such a luxury, one should contact an organization that owns a licensed electrical laboratory and qualified personnel.
The electrical safety group for persons performing testing and measurement work should be not lower than III.
Download the journal of accounting and testing of electrical equipment.
Posted information
Contains the following graphs:
- name of the power tool;
- inventory number;
- date of last test;
- the reason for the test, inspection (after repair or periodic);
- insulation resistance measurement;
- checking the health of the ground circuit;
- external inspection and check of idling;
- date of the next test, inspection;
- the person who carried out the check, test (full name, signature).
We will consider the order of filling in each of the columns separately and in great detail.
Name
It must exactly match the name of the tool indicated in the passport.
For example, you can’t just write “drill”, you must specify: “Makita HP 207 corded impact drill”.
Inventory number
Above, the procedure for assigning and applying an inventory number to the tool body was considered.
At this stage, the inventory number is recorded without errors in the appropriate column.
Date of last test
Everything is very simple here: we write the date of the last test of a portable power tool, fixed. If the tool is new, we enter in this column the date of the factory test indicated in the passport.
Reason for testing
There are only two such reasons: the tool has been in repair and requires additional testing, or the next check has come up (6 months have passed since the date of the previous test).
External inspection and check of idling
Checking the power tool should begin with an external examination. Procedure:
- carefully inspect the body of the tool, make sure that there are no cracks, chips and dirt;
- carefully examine the plug, paying attention to how tightly the pins are fixed in the body;
- check the supply wire for flexibility, the absence of twists, breaks and cracks on the surface of the wire, inspect the attachment points to the plug and the tool body (double insulation should not be broken).
Idling test carried out by turning the instrument into electrical network and pressing the start button. The power tool is tested without load. What you should pay attention to:
According to the results of the inspection and idling test an entry is made in the log, including the date of the check and its result(satisfactory or unsatisfactory).
Insulation resistance measurement
This procedure is performed using a megohmmeter. Instrument Requirements:
- output voltage - 1000 V;
The measurement is carried out by a team of two people, the electrical safety team of one of them should not be below III. Before starting work, you need to check megaohmmeter.
For this you need short-circuit the terminals of the device, turn the knob until the arrow on the scale approaches 0. Then you need to disconnect the leads and turn the knob again. The pointer of the device should deviate to.
Measurement procedure:
- The instrument leads are connected to the plug pins of the power tool being tested. Attention must be paid to the tips of the device leads did not touch each other. Depending on the type of megohmmeter, you need to rotate the knob of the device or press the button for 1 minute. Record the readings of the megohmmeter, stop the measurement, disconnect the leads.
- Fix one of the leads of the device on the pin of the tool plug, the second - on the metal part of the tool body. Measure within 1 minute, fix the reading of the device, stop the measurement.
- Connect the output of the device to another pin of the tool plug, do not touch the device lead previously attached to the metal part of the tool body. Carry out the measurement for 1 minute, fix the reading of the device, stop the measurement, disconnect the leads.
Insulation resistance considered normal if the measured value exceeds 0.5 MΩ.
In the event that at least one of the measurements showed lower insulation resistance, the tested power tool is rejected (the entry "Unsatisfactory" in the corresponding column of the log).
If all three measurements of the insulation resistance of the tool showed satisfactory result, an entry is made in the appropriate column of the journal, fixing the date of the test and its result (satisfactory).
Checking the health of the ground circuit
The test is carried out on a power tool having earthing contacts on the plug. The purpose of this test is check the integrity of the ground circuit, therefore, the closer the instrument reading is to 0, the better. Device requirements:
- not expired date of the next verification (indicated on the label attached to the instrument case, after the words "Good until ...");
- absence of dirt and visible mechanical damage (cracks, chips) on the body of the device.
The check can be carried out by one person. Should start with ohmmeter performance testing: turn on the device and close the outputs to each other. The arrow on the scale should point to 0. After opening the outputs, a working device will show.
Actually continuity check occurs as follows: one of the terminals of the device is attached to the grounding contact of the instrument plug, the second - to metal parts corps.
When the device is turned on, its readings are recorded, the result is entered in the appropriate column of the log with the date indicated.
Ground circuit is faulty, if the readings of the device tend to (record "Unsatisfactory"). In this case, the power tool cannot be exploited.
Date of next test
The frequency of inspections was mentioned above. It is worth dwelling in more detail on those cases when tests are carried out more often than once every six months. This becomes necessary under the condition of active operation of a portable power tool, the terms are determined by those responsible for the electrical economy.
How to determine the date of the next test: add 6 months to current date(or the amount determined by the person responsible for the electrical economy) and make an entry in the appropriate column of the journal.
The person who carried out the test
Entered in this column data of the person who carried out the check(surname, initials) and put his signature.
This completes the completion of the logbook for checking and testing the power tool, so that in six months (or earlier) again repeat the whole procedure.
It may seem to some that all of the above measures are redundant, which it is not necessary to do them at all. Let's try to convince a hypothetical opponent of the opposite.
Rostekhnadzor statistics tell us that the majority of accidents (more than 60%) occur at consumer electrical installations. The reason is the failure to comply with mandatory measures aimed at maintaining the safe condition of electrical equipment, including portable power tools.
It is worth thinking about what unwillingness to follow the rules leads to human casualties and draw the appropriate conclusions.
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Sooner or later, everyone has to face the problem of measuring readings from an electricity meter. And, despite the seeming simplicity, difficulties may arise with how to take readings from the electric meter. This may be due to…
Any construction and repair is not complete without hand tool, which simplifies and speeds up its execution. In this case, portable power tools are most often used as the most reliable and mobile. Electrical energy is one of the most widespread throughout the world, it is also used in living conditions and production. However, not every master knows that an electric tool must be checked regularly so that it does not cause an accident associated with electric shock to a person or an explosion (fire) when working in dangerous fire hazardous conditions. In this article, we will tell you how a power tool is checked, how often this should be done, and who should be involved in this type of work.
Classification of power tools for electrical safety
When using an electric tool, you should know that it is in accordance with current GOST divided into several protection classes. The check of a portable power tool, its frequency and methodology directly depend on this.
- 0 - has only working insulation without grounding devices and connections;
- 01 - there is a working insulation and a grounding element, however, the cord itself, which is supplied with the tool, does not have a ground wire;
- 1 - has a working insulation and a grounding element, which is connected through a cable with a corresponding output;
- 2 - equipped with double insulation, that is, electrical wiring and current-carrying parts are insulated, and the body is made of a dielectric material;
- 3 - this class of power tools is connected to a reduced safe voltage - no more than 42 volts, while the devices are not subject to grounding.
Most often, in everyday life and at the enterprise, workers use exactly class 2 power tools, since it has sufficient insulation so that a person is not injured.
Tool Check Method
It is allowed to use household and industrial power tools, verified. For this, a clear algorithm has been developed, which must be observed by everyone who wants to work with him. At the same time, it is necessary to clearly understand the difference between verification and verification.
Verification- These are tests that are carried out in special laboratories located at every large enterprise. The tests include:
- Determination of the presence and serviceability of the ground circuit by using a special ohmmeter - one end of the device is connected to the terminal on the plug, and the other to the ground located on the tool itself. Measurements should show no more than 0.5 ohms, which satisfies the safety conditions for using the tool.
- The measurement for the integrity and quality of the insulation is checked with a megohmmeter at a voltage of no more than 500 V for a power tool designed for an operating voltage of 220 V. You can not twist it quickly, this will be enough to see the insulation resistance of the tool. In this case, be sure to remember to press the button that turns on the electric tool. The device must show an insulation resistance of more than 500 kOhm, if this value is less, work with it is prohibited.
- Then a trial test is carried out while idling for 5-7 minutes.
It can also be used to test the power tool with increased voltage. In this case, a tool with a voltage of up to 50 Volts is tested with a test voltage of 550 V. If the tool is designed for a voltage above 50 V, but with a power of up to 1 kW, the test voltage should be 900 V, above 1 kW - 1350 V. Tests are carried out for 1 minutes.
Examination- is carried out by visual control and inspection. You need to check not only the case, but also the cord connecting it to the power source. You need to pay attention to:
- The integrity of the body, it can be cracks and breaks.
- The power cable, there should not be visible drying out, damage, chafing, as well as signs of burning and heating. Special attention it is worth turning and checking the places where the electric cord enters the housing and the plug.
- The plug and its contact part, which will be connected to the network, is inspected and checked for integrity.
The check must be carried out before starting work, and before switching on after switching to another workplace. Naturally, professional laboratory verification is carried out only at large enterprises and firms; in domestic conditions, an employee, at least before work, should carefully examine the power tool he has taken in his hands.
If we talk about the terms for checking a power tool, then according to the existing regulatory rules, periodic verification of the tool should be at least every year, and it is necessary to check the power tool, as mentioned earlier, before each use. If manual electrical equipment is used in extreme climatic and industrial conditions, it is recommended to check it with a megohmmeter at least once every 10 days.
Important point! When checking the tool at the enterprise, first of all, you need to look at the date of the test. If the date is overdue or there is no tag on testing the power tool at all, then it is forbidden to operate it - it must be removed and handed over for testing.
Registration and accounting check
Power tools used in enterprises for professional purposes must be numbered and entered in the register. Enterprise management and structural unit it is necessary to organize a clear accounting for the storage, operation and verification of manual electrical equipment. All the necessary information is recorded in a specially prepared journal, and an appropriate protocol is issued based on the results of the verification and verification. And also a mandatory measure that ensures the safety of the operation of this equipment is a qualified briefing of personnel with a knowledge check, in which the verification methods are announced under the signature, as well as the rules for using it. One of important criteria checks and safe work is the application and auxiliary equipment such as carriers and extension cords. They also need to be checked once a year, and to ensure this is the direct responsibility of the person responsible for electrical facilities.
