A complete analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise. The main stages of the analysis of the financial and economic activities of the organization

Currently, the importance of the analysis of financial and economic activity enterprises. The results of the analysis are of interest to various categories of analysts: management personnel, representatives of financial authorities, tax inspectors, creditors, etc.

Financial condition refers to the ability of an enterprise to finance its activities. It is characterized by the provision of financial resources necessary for the normal functioning of the enterprise, the expediency of their location and efficiency of use, as well as financial relationships with other legal entities and individuals.

To begin with, let's conduct a horizontal and vertical analysis of the company's balance sheet for 3 years.

Horizontal analysis. In the process of analysis, first of all, one should study the dynamics of the organization's assets, changes in their composition and structure, and give them an assessment. To do this, we will conduct a horizontal analysis of the assets of Gizarttex LLC.

Horizontal analysis allows you to compare each balance sheet position at the moment with the previous period. Analysis of the balance sheet asset, contains information about the placement of capital at the disposal of the enterprise, i.e. on its investment in specific property and material values, the company's expenses for the production and sale of products and on the balance of free cash.

The absolute change is calculated by calculating the difference between the corresponding indicators at the end of the year and the beginning of the year, and the relative variance is calculated by dividing the result of the absolute deviation by the value of the beginning of the year. For the analysis, we will use the company's accounting statements, profit and loss statement. All data are presented in Table 3.

A horizontal analysis of the assets of Gizarttex LLC shows that their absolute amount in 2012 decreased by 33 million rubles, or by 13.4%. It can be concluded that the organization lowers its economic potential. The increase in current assets was due to an increase Money organizations for 212 million rubles and reserves.

Table 3. Analytical balance of assets (million rubles)

	DEVIATION
		Absolute	Relative	Absolute	Relative

I. Current assets
Cash

Receivables
Advances to suppliers

Total current assets
II. Fixed assets

Fixed assets
Including unfinished capital construction
Intangible assets
Other noncurrent assets
Non-current assets total
Total assets

The growth of such an indicator as cash +212 mil. rubles indicates that the organization is not experiencing financial difficulties, because it has large financial resources that are not invested in excess reserves.

The increase in the number of accounts receivable is associated with an increase in sales, since at the same time there is an increase in the company's revenue. This indicator indicates an increase in the risk of non-payment or untimely payment for released products.

Analyzing the composition of non-current assets, it can be noted that the decrease in the indicator in 2012 compared to 2011 by - 33 million rubles was due to a change in the composition of fixed assets.

The second component of the analysis financial condition organization is to assess the sources of education of the organization.

To assess the sources, use the data of the horizontal analysis of the balance sheet liabilities. The analysis of the liability allows us to determine what changes have occurred in the structure of equity and borrowed capital, how much long-term and short-term borrowed funds are attracted into the company's turnover, i.e. the liability shows where the funds came from, to whom enterprises owe them. Calculations of the absolute and relative change for the indicators under consideration are similar to the calculations of the asset.

Table 4. Analytical balance sheet liabilities (mln rubles)

	DEVIATION
		Absolute	Relative	Absolute	Relative

I. Short-term loans, loans
Accounts payable
Buyers advances


II. long term duties
Long-term loans, loans


III. Equity
Authorized capital
Extra capital
Accumulated profit

Equity, total
Total liabilities

The increase in liabilities in 2012 of LLC "Gizarttex" occurred by 1,798 million rubles. The increase was mainly due to an increase in short-term liabilities by 52%. At the end of the analyzed period (2012), liabilities entirely consist of accounts payable.

Equity capital increased by RUR 1506 million. The increase in equity at the end of the analyzed period (2012) was due to the accumulated profit in the amount of 1395 million rubles. Despite the significant increase in equity capital, the additional and authorized capital of the organization remained unchanged.

Thus, on the basis of the horizontal analysis carried out, we can say that the financial and economic activities of the enterprise contributed to an increase in its equity capital.

Vertical analysis is carried out using an analytical table and involves the study of changes specific weights assets and liabilities of the balance sheet in order to predict changes in their structure.

Table 5. Vertical analysis of assets

			Change in specific gravity
Cost, million rubles	Cost, million rubles	The share of the asset in the total value of the asset,%	Cost, million rubles	The share of the asset in the total value of the asset,%
Current assets
Cash
Short-term financial investments
Receivables
Advances to suppliers

Other current assets
Total current assets
II. Fixed assets
Long-term financial investments
Fixed assets
Incl. capital construction in progress
Intangible assets
Other noncurrent assets
Non-current assets total
Total assets

In the structure of assets of the balance sheet of LLC "Gizartteks" a significant share belongs to current assets. At the beginning of 2011, the value of current assets amounted to 78.2% of their total value, and at the end of the year - 92.7%. There is a tendency towards an increase in the share of this type of assets.

As of 01.01.2011, commodity stocks had a significant share in current assets - 73%. During the period under review, there is a tendency of their increase in the current assets of GizarTeks LLC.

The next type of current assets with a significant specific weight was accounts receivable. As of 01.01.2011 the share of this type of assets was 1.5%, by the end of 2012 the share increased by 5.2%.

The share of non-current assets at the beginning of 2011 was 21.8%, increased compared to 2010 by 0.9%. However, at the beginning of 2012, the share is 7.3%. There is a downward trend in this type of assets. The decrease was caused by a decrease in fixed assets - the elimination of obsolete equipment.

Liabilities include equity and short-term liabilities. Therefore, according to specific gravity liabilities can be concluded about changes in the sources of financial and economic activities of the enterprise.

Table 6. Vertical analysis of liabilities

				Change in specific gravity
Cost, million rubles	The share of the asset in the total value of the asset,%	Cost, million rubles	The share of the asset in the total value of the asset,%	Cost, million rubles	The share of the asset in the total value of the asset,%
Short-term loans, loans
Accounts payable
Buyers advances
Other current liabilities
Short-term liabilities, total
II. Long-term liabilities
Long-term loans, loans
Other long-term liabilities
Long-term liabilities total
III. Equity
Authorized capital
Extra capital
Accumulated profit
Other sources of equity
Equity, total
Total liabilities

During the analyzed period in 2011 there is a decrease in the share of equity capital by 0.66% compared to 2010 and is 50.66%. It should be noted that the content of the share of equity capital below 50% is undesirable, since the company will be dependent on loans. However, in 2012, the share of equity capital increased significantly to 70.98% due to accumulated profit and other sources of equity capital.

The enterprise did not have long-term liabilities for the analyzed period. If we take into account the possibility of replacing short-term liabilities with long-term, then the predominance of short-term sources in the structure of borrowed funds is a negative factor that characterizes the deterioration of the balance sheet structure and an increase in the risk of loss of financial stability.

The share of short-term liabilities in 2012 decreased compared to 2010-2011 by 22.83%.

For an organization, it is important not only to perform analysis and competent presentation of the results, but also to formulate recommendations on their basis for improving indicators and quality characteristics in the organization's activities. Main purpose financial analysis not the calculation of indicators, but the ability to interpret the results obtained.

On the basis of horizontal and vertical analysis of the balance sheet, positive and negative trends in changes in sections and items of the balance sheet are determined.

In the structure of assets of the organization LLC "Gizartteks" a large share belongs to cash. During the period under review, the share of current assets was more than 50%. This indicates the formation of a mobile asset structure, which contributes to the acceleration of turnover working capital organizations.

A complete picture of the state of the company's solvency can be presented by analyzing the liquidity ratios.

In practice analytical work use a system of liquidity indicators calculated according to the following formulas.

The absolute liquidity ratio is determined by the following formula:

Cal = Ds / Kfo (5)

where: Cal is the absolute liquidity ratio; DS - cash; Kfo - short-term financial liabilities.

The quick ratio is determined using the following formula:

Kbl = Ds + Kfv + Kdz / Kfo (6)

where: Кбл - quick liquidity ratio; DS - cash; Кдз - short-term accounts receivable; Кфв - short-term financial investments; Kfo - short-term financial liabilities.

The value of this indicator is usually considered to be satisfactory 0.7-1.

The current liquidity ratio (total coverage ratio) shows the degree of coverage by current assets of short-term liabilities. A coefficient with a value greater than 2.0 is considered satisfactory.

Ktl = Ta / Ko (7)

where: Ктл - current liquidity ratio; Ta - current assets; Ko - short-term liabilities.

These indicators allow you to determine the ability of the company to pay its short-term obligations during the reporting period.

Let's calculate the liquidity indicators. K al 2010 -55 / 498 = 0.11

K t 2010 -903 / 498 = 1.81.

K bl 2010 -55 + 0 + 25/498 = 0.16.

K al 2011 -43 / 558 = 0.08.

K tl 2011 -885 / 558 = 1.58.

K bl 2011 -43 + 0 + 17/558 = 0.11.

K al 2012 -255 / 750 = 0.34.

K t 2012 -2716 / 750 = 3.62.

K bl 2012 -255 + 0 + 197/750 = 0.6.

The data are presented in Table 7.

Table 7. Dynamics of liquidity indicators (million rubles)

The current liquidity ratio characterizes the general provision of the enterprise with circulating assets for conducting economic activities and timely repayment of urgent obligations of the enterprise. The current liquidity ratio shows that in 2011, 1 ruble of current liabilities accounted for 1.58 rubles of current assets, while in 2010 this indicator was 1.81, and already in 2012 this ratio was 3.62 rubles ... current assets per 1 ruble of current liabilities. This indicates an increase in the payment capabilities of the enterprise.

The quick liquidity ratio is similar in meaning to the previous indicator, however, it is calculated for a narrower range of current assets, when the most liquid part of them - production inventories and material costs - is excluded from the calculation. The quick (urgent) liquidity ratio characterizes the company's ability to repay current (short-term) liabilities at the expense of current assets. Increase in the coefficient in 2011-2012 from 0.11 to 0.6, mainly due to a decrease in the accounts payable of the enterprise.

If the current liquidity ratio is in the acceptable range, while the quick liquidity ratio is unacceptably low, then this means that the company can restore its technical solvency by selling its stock and receivables, but as a result, it may be deprived of the opportunity normally function.

The absolute liquidity ratio of the 2011 indicator - 0.08 increased to 0.34 in 2012. Thus, the company can urgently repay its obligations.

The company LLC "Gizartteks" is liquid, that is, it has the ability to convert its assets into cash and pay off its payment obligations in a timely manner. However, he should pay attention to the quick ratio, which is unacceptably low.

Table 8. Main technical and economic indicators of LLC "Gizartteks"

In 2012, there is a positive trend in the development of the enterprise: the growth rate of revenue was 274.5%, which indicates an increase in product sales; the growth rate of balance sheet profit is 427.9%; net profit 461.5%, profit from product sales 361%. This is despite the fact that in 2011 the profit from the sale of products significantly decreased compared to 2010 by 221 million rubles. The increase in net profit is a positive trend, indicating business activity enterprises.

We investigate the system of indicators of the efficiency of the enterprise. The most interesting indicators are return on assets, return on equity, return on sales.

Return on assets is an indicator of the profitability and efficiency of the company, cleared of the influence of the amount of borrowed funds. It is used to compare enterprises in the same industry and is calculated using the formula:

Profitability = Net Income / average value assets (8)

Return on assets shows how much profit falls on each ruble invested in the property of the organization.

1. Awareness of taking risks. Since financial risk is an objective phenomenon, it is impossible to completely exclude risk from the financial activities of an enterprise. After assessing the level of risk for individual operations, you can adopt a "risk avoidance" tactic. Awareness of risk acceptance is a prerequisite for neutralizing the consequences of risk.
2. Manageability of accepted risks. The portfolio of financial risks should include mainly those that can be neutralized.
3. Independence of individual risk management. Financial losses on different types risks are independent from each other and in the process of managing them must be neutralized individually.
4. Comparability of the level of accepted risks with the level of profitability of financial transactions. An enterprise should accept in the process of carrying out financial activities only those types of financial risks, the level of which does not exceed the corresponding level of profitability on the "profitability - risk" scale.

Any type of risk for which the level of risk is higher than the level of the expected return (with the risk premium included in it) must be rejected by the company (or the amount of the premium and risk must be revised accordingly).

5. Comparability of the level of accepted risks with the financial capabilities of the enterprise. The expected amount of financial losses of the enterprise, corresponding to a particular level of financial risk, must correspond to the share of capital that is provided by internal insurance of risks.
6. Effectiveness of risk management. The costs of an enterprise to neutralize financial risk should not exceed the amount of possible financial losses on it, even with the highest degree of probability of a risk event. The criterion of the effectiveness of risk management must be observed in the implementation of both self-insurance and external insurance of financial risks
7. Accounting for the period of the operation in risk management. The longer the period of the financial transaction, the wider the range of associated risks. If it is necessary to carry out such financial transactions, the enterprise must ensure that the required additional level of profitability is obtained not only at the expense of the risk premium, but also the liquidity premium, since the period of the financial transaction is a period of "frozen liquidity" of the capital invested in it. Only in this case the company will have the necessary financial potential to neutralize the negative financial consequences of such an operation in the event of a possible risk event.
8. Accounting financial strategy enterprises in the process of risk management. Control system financial risks should be based on the general criteria of the financial strategy chosen by the enterprise (reflecting its financial ideology in relation to the level of acceptable risks), as well as financial policy in certain areas of financial activity.
9. Taking into account the possibility of transferring risks. Risk avoidance presupposes risk aversion, refusal to implement an activity (project) associated with a risk. Such a decision is taken in case of non-compliance with the above principles. However, it should be borne in mind that avoiding one type of risk can lead to the emergence of others.

Page 1

The financial and economic activity of the enterprise is characterized primarily by the quantity and range of products manufactured, as well as by the volume of its sales. The volume of output depends on the presence of many conditions and prerequisites, namely, production capacity, availability of raw materials, materials, components, personnel of appropriate qualifications, product markets. In turn, the volume of output affects all other aspects of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise - the cost of the output, the amount of profit received, the profitability of production, the financial condition of the enterprise.

The financial and economic activities of enterprises are purposeful activities based on decisions made, each of which is optimized based on intuition or calculations. The risk of making a decision is understood as the probability of inconsistency of the actually obtained results of the implemented decision with the set goals.

The financial and economic activity of an enterprise depends on many factors (resources, conditions, etc.), and the influence and Comparative characteristics not all of them lend themselves to formalized assessment. From the standpoint of the possibility of such an assessment, it is customary to allocate labor, material and financial resources of the enterprise.

The financial and economic activities of enterprises are accompanied by the performance of numerous and varied operations. In turn, each business transaction is necessarily formalized with accounting documents, which contain primary information about the completed business transactions or the right to perform them. The objects of accounting documents are the processes of supply, production and sale, as well as individual divisions of the enterprise and various financial, economic, settlement relations inside and outside the enterprise.

The financial and economic activities of enterprises (associations) are assessed on the basis of a comprehensive analysis, objectively revealing shortcomings, omissions, losses, bottlenecks and at the same time identifying those work collectives that work honestly, in good faith, and constantly increase money savings.

The analysis of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise can be more or less detailed, in-depth, or, conversely, an express analysis. Any one area of activity can be analyzed (for example, an analysis of the location and features of the functioning of a sales network or an analysis of cash and other settlements of an enterprise) - in this case, the analysis will be thematic. If in the sphere of interest analytical group includes the whole enterprise as a complex, then such an analysis should be called complex.

The analysis of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise is very often in its form an analysis of indicators, i.e. characteristics of the economic activity of the economic unit. The term scorecard is widely used in economic research. The analyst, in accordance with certain criteria, selects indicators, forms a system from them, and analyzes it. The complexity of the analysis requires the use of entire systems in operation, rather than individual indicators.

The analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise will not be complete if it does not touch upon two more specific aspects of its activities. It is, first of all, about what place in the complex assessment of the enterprise the quality of its products occupies. If the products are of low quality, cause complaints from consumers, do not correspond sanitary standards, state or market standards, the activity of the enterprise cannot be called successful, its comprehensive assessment will be low. The prospects of such an enterprise, if it does not intend to radically change its market strategy and product quality, cannot be considered brilliant.

Analysis of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise subject to state support, should contain the following information for the reporting period.

Economic activity of the enterprise- this is the production of products, the provision of services, the performance of work. Economic activity is aimed at making a profit in order to satisfy the economic and social interests of the owners and the labor collective of the enterprise. Economic activity includes the following stages:

research and development work;
production;
auxiliary production;
production and sales service, marketing;
sales and after-sales support.

Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise

Made by the FinEkAnaliz program.

Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise it is a scientific way of understanding economic phenomena and processes, based on dividing it into components and studying the variety of connections and dependencies. This is an enterprise management function. Analysis precedes decisions and actions, justifies scientific production management, increases objectivity and efficiency.

The analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise consists of the following areas:

The financial analysis
- Analysis of solvency, liquidity and financial stability,
Management analysis

Assessment of the place of the enterprise in the market of this product,
Analysis of the use of the main factors of production: means of labor, objects of labor and labor resources,
Assessment of the results of production and sales of products,
Decision making on assortment and product quality,
Development of a strategy for managing production costs,
Determination of pricing policy,

Indicators of economic activity of the enterprise

The analyst, according to the specified criteria, selects indicators, forms a system from them, and makes an analysis. The complexity of the analysis requires the use of systems, rather than individual indicators. The indicators of the economic activity of the enterprise are divided into:

1. Cost and natural, - depending on the underlying meters. Cost indicators- the most common type of economic indicators. They generalize heterogeneous economic phenomena. If an enterprise uses more than one type of raw materials and materials, then only cost indicators can provide information on the generalized amounts of receipts, expenditures, and the remainder of these objects of labor.

Natural indicators are primary, and cost ones are secondary, since the latter are calculated on the basis of the former. Economic phenomena such as production costs, distribution costs, profit (loss) and some other indicators are measured only in value terms.

2. Quantitative and qualitative, - depending on which side of the phenomena, operations, processes is measured. For measurable results, use quantitative indicators ... The values of such indicators are expressed in the form of some real number that has physical or economic meaning. These include:

1. All financial indicators:

revenue,
net profit,
fixed and variable costs,
profitability,
turnover,
liquidity, etc.

2. Market indicators:

volume of sales,
market share,
size / growth of the customer base, etc.

3. Indicators characterizing the efficiency of business processes and activities for training and enterprise development:

labor productivity,
production cycle,
lead time,
staff turnover,
the number of trained employees, etc.

Most of the characteristics and results of the organization, departments and employees cannot be strictly quantified. To evaluate them, use qualitative indicators. Qualitative indicators measured by expert assessments, by observing the process and results of work. These include, for example, indicators such as:

relative competitive position enterprises,
customer satisfaction index,
staff satisfaction index,
teamwork in work,
the level of labor and performance discipline,
quality and timeliness of submission of documents,
compliance with standards and regulations,
execution of orders of the head and many others.

Qualitative indicators, as a rule, are leading, as they affect the final results of the organization's work and "warn" about possible deviations in quantitative indicators.

3. Volumetric and specific- depending on the use of individual indicators or their ratios. So, for example, the volume of production, sales volume, cost of production, profit represent volume indicators... They characterize the volume of a given economic phenomenon... Volume indicators are primary, and specific indicators are secondary.

Specific indicators calculated on a volumetric basis. For example, the cost of production and its cost are volume indicators, and the ratio of the first indicator to the second, that is, the cost per ruble of marketable output, is a specific indicator.

The results of the economic activity of the enterprise

Profit and income- Main factors financial results production and economic activities of the enterprise.

Income is the proceeds from the sale of products (works, services) less material costs. He is monetary form net production of the enterprise, i.e. includes wages and profits.

Income characterizes the amount of funds that comes to the enterprise for the period, and, net of taxes, is used for consumption and investment. Income is sometimes subject to taxation. In this case, after tax deduction, it is subdivided into consumption funds, investment and insurance funds. The consumption fund is used for remuneration of personnel and payments based on the results of work for the period, for a share in statutory property(dividends), material assistance, etc.

Profit- part of the proceeds remaining after reimbursement of production and marketing costs. In conditions market economy profit - source:

replenishment of the revenue side of the state and local budgets,
enterprise development, investment and innovation activities,
satisfying the material interests of the members of the labor collective and the owner of the enterprise.

The amount of profit and income is influenced by the volume of products, assortment, quality, cost, improvement in pricing and other factors. In turn, profit affects the profitability, solvency of the enterprise and others. The gross profit of an enterprise consists of three parts:

profit from the sale of products - as the difference between the proceeds from the sale of products (excluding VAT and excise duty) and its full cost;
profit on the sale of tangible assets and other property (this is the difference between the sale price and the cost of acquisition and sale). Profit from the sale of fixed assets is the difference between the proceeds from the sale, the residual value and the costs of dismantling and selling;
profits from non-operating transactions, i.e. operations not directly related to the main activity (income from securities, from equity participation in joint ventures, renting out property, excess of the amount of received fines over paid, etc.).

Unlike profit, which shows the absolute effect of activities, profitability- a relative indicator of the efficiency of the enterprise. V general view it is calculated as the ratio of profit to costs and is expressed as a percentage. The term is derived from the word "rent" (income).

Profitability indicators are used for a comparative assessment of the performance of individual enterprises and industries that produce different volumes and types of products. These indicators characterize the received profit in relation to the expended production resources. Product profitability and production profitability are often used. There are the following types of profitability:

Was this page helpful?

More found about the economic activities of the enterprise

The method of express analysis of the results of the activities of a commercial organization
This paper presents the content of the first stage of the methodology focused on comprehensive assessment the efficiency of economic activities of enterprises Emphasis is placed on the assessment criteria and the issue of methodological support for calculating economic consequences
Methodological provisions for assessing the financial condition of enterprises and establishing an unsatisfactory balance sheet structure
It is most difficult to take into account the influence of inflationary processes, however, without this, it is difficult to make an unambiguous conclusion about whether the increase in the balance sheet currency is only a consequence of the rise in the price of finished products under the influence of inflation of raw materials, or it also shows the expansion of the economic activity of the enterprise. insolvency follows
Financial recovery of the enterprise
The fourth section of the financial recovery plan defines measures to restore solvency and support effective economic activity debtor enterprise Clause 4.1 contains a table with a list of measures to restore solvency and support
Analysis of financial flows of ferrous metallurgy enterprises
Cash flow for financial activities consists of receipts and payments related to the implementation of external financing of the economic activities of the enterprise Here, the inflows are long-term and short-term loans and loans, issue and sale
Analysis of the cost of production of the enterprise on the example of PJSC Bashinformsvyaz
In this work, there was an attempt to build an economic and mathematical model, which is a mathematical description of the economic activity of an enterprise for the purpose of research and successful management of the company. 11 The constructed economic and mathematical model includes
Development of methods for economic analysis of working capital
The complex of indicators of the economic activity of the enterprise includes indicators of a direct or indirect factor of time, the period of repayment of accounts receivable and payable
Gross income
The solution to this problem ensures the self-sufficiency of the current economic activity of the enterprise. A certain part of the gross income of the enterprise is a source of profit formation due to which
Regression analysis methods for planning and forecasting the need for working capital
The need for forecasting and planning of working capital is determined by the special importance of this economic category for the economic activity of the enterprise Advance nature of working capital the need to invest in them costs until the economic
Comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of using intangible assets
The current trend gives reason to believe that a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of the use of intangible assets should be part of complex analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise The study showed that methodological foundations analysis of the effectiveness of the use of intangible assets were
Anti-crisis financial management policy
They are based on the sequential determination of models of management decisions selected in accordance with the specifics of the economic activity of the enterprise and the scale of crisis phenomena in its development. financial management
The level of efficiency of the economic activity of the enterprise is largely determined by the purposeful formation of its capital The main goal of the formation of the enterprise's capital
Financial analysis of the enterprise - part 5
Among the efficiency criteria, priority should be given to such parameters of the enterprise financial resource management system as provision - determination of the real volume of available funds of financial resources - determination optimal sizes funds of monetary resources, their division and use, taking into account the needs of enterprises economic feasibility costs as well as their influence on the final results of production and economic activities of the enterprise - control over rational use resources production assets fulfillment of planned tasks with continuity
Management analysis as a function of management
I Analysis of the economic activity of enterprises operating in the conditions of a centrally planned economy Powerful theoretical and methodological apparatus of analysis developed by
Rent
The main advantages of leasing leasing are an increase in the market value of an enterprise due to additional profit without the acquisition of fixed assets in ownership; an increase in the volume and diversification of economic activities of an enterprise without a significant increase in the volume of financing of its non-current assets; a significant saving in financial resources
Topical issues and modern experience in analyzing the financial condition of organizations
This stage is characterized by an active differentiation of the analysis by sectors of the national economy by turning the analysis of the financial condition to a comprehensive analysis of all aspects of the economic activities of enterprises and determining its impact on the final results of work.In addition, this period
Financial analysis of the enterprise - part 2
In the process of economic activity, the enterprise provides commodity credit for consumers of its products, i.e. there is a gap in
Fixed assets
Non-current long-term assets of the enterprise are characterized by the following positive features they are not subject to inflation and, therefore, are better protected from it; less financial risk of losses in the course of business activities of the enterprise; protection from unfair actions of business partners; ability to generate stable profits

It is necessary not only commercial companies but also institutions budgetary sphere... It is impossible to make effective management decisions without a professionally conducted EA. AFHD is based on the assessment and comparison of accounting indicators.

Stages economic analysis:

familiarization with accounting data and information about the FHD of the institution;
mathematical calculations and comparison of accounting data;
formation of conclusions based on the calculations performed.

It is advisable to conduct EA in comparing several reporting periods, this approach allows you to more accurately determine the dynamics of changes.

Relationship with financial audit

The audit of economic activities is directly related to the assessment of the efficiency of using the resources and assets of the organization. First of all, a financial audit reveals the correctness of accounting and reporting. It is impossible to conduct a reliable EA without an independent assessment of accounting and reporting.

Management accounting, financial planning, audit, analysis of financial and economic activities in the aggregate allow you to quickly and accurately identify unused hidden reserves of the organization and increase financial stability.

FHD audit types

There are two main types of economic analysis of financial and economic activities:

Assessment of the property status of an enterprise makes it possible to determine the efficiency of using the company's fixed assets in production or in fulfilling a state (municipal) task. Based on the identified reserves of unused property, the management of the organization can make an appropriate decision: inclusion of fixed assets in production, sale of fixed assets, lease. The managerial decision on the reserves of the property status eliminates ineffective expenses for the maintenance, maintenance and operation of the PF.
Grade financial situation reveals the level of solvency, financial stability, profitability of the enterprise. EA in this area reveals the ineffective use of the organization's funds. Ineffective costs include artificially high wages administrative staff, irrational staffing employees and so on.

Analysis of the economic activity of the enterprise, example

Consider AFHD using the example of not commercial organization producing public goods. For calculations, we use the following initial data:

Initial data (thousand rubles)
Indicators	Last year (2016)	Reporting year (2017)	Absolute change	Growth rate	Rate of increase
Revenue from the sale of products
Production cost
Labor costs
Material costs
Depreciation deductions
Number of employees, people
average cost fixed assets
Average value of current assets

We carry out complex AFHD:

We determine the dynamics of indicators characterizing the qualitative and quantitative use of resources. For the calculation, we use the indicators of the reporting and previous periods.

We calculate the savings or overruns in the use of resources, as well as dynamic changes in the cost of resources and resource efficiency.

Any society to ensure a normal (fairly comfortable) level of his life, he carries out many types of specific work. For this purpose, certain organizations are created that jointly carry out a particular mission and act on the basis of certain rules and procedures. An enterprise (organization) is an organizationally separate and economically independent main (primary) link in the production sphere of the national economy that manufactures products, performs work or provides services.

In the practice of management, each enterprise as a complex production and economic system carries out many specific types of activities. Each enterprise independently plans its activities and determines the prospects (strategy) of development, based on the demand for manufactured products (work, services) and the need constant increase own profits, and also provides material and technical support for production.

The functioning of the enterprise is accompanied by a continuous circulation of funds, carried out in the form of resource consumption and receipt of income, their distribution and use.

Every business has a specific goal. There may be several goals, they are usually set by the owners, and to achieve material and human resources are used, with the help of which financial and economic activities are carried out. That is, in essence, financial and economic activity is a tool for achieving hierarchical, economic and other goals facing a particular enterprise.

Financial and economic activity is purposefully carried out process of practical implementation of enterprise functions related to the formation and use of its financial resources to ensure economic and social development... It is carried out at all stages life cycle an enterprise: from the moment of its birth to the moment of its liquidation as an independent business entity. The process of carrying out the financial and economic activities of an enterprise is characterized by a wide range of its financial relations with various subjects of the country's financial system.

The financial and economic activity of the enterprise is characterized, first of all, by the quantity and range of products, as well as by the volume of its sales. The volume of products manufactured directly depends on the availability and quality of production facilities, the availability of the necessary raw materials, materials or components, personnel of appropriate qualifications, and product markets.

In turn, the volume of products produced affects all other aspects of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise - the cost of products, the amount of profit, profitability production, financial condition of the enterprise.

The financial and economic activities of enterprises are purposeful activities based on decisions made, each of which is optimized based on intuition or calculations. The risk of making a decision is understood as the probability of inconsistency of the obtained results of the implemented decision with the set goals.

There are a lot of factors influencing the financial and economic activities of an enterprise or organization. Not all of them can be analyzed. The most important are the available resources - financial, material, personnel.

The purpose of financial and economic activities- getting the best possible results. The tasks that are solved when the goal is achieved are: production process resources and their management; organization of the production and technological process; the formation of positive results. The tasks of the management of financial and economic activities are: planning, control, adjustment, analysis, efficiency improvement.

Financial and economic activity is an activity, first of all, about its basis - the finance of the enterprise. However, the effectiveness of the organization of finance acts as the financial condition of the enterprise. The latter depends on efficient organization of the whole money turnover. Therefore, financial and economic activity as a concept covers wide range activities within the enterprise, consisting of control over the provision of cash settlements, receipt of cash income and implementation of expenses, the formation and distribution of cash savings and financial resources.

The various financial and economic activities of the enterprise are carried out on the basis of planned and forecast current and operational financial documents. The objects of planning, regulation and control in them are monetary and financial relations, materialized in the corresponding indicators. The main objects of financial and economic activity are those diverse monetary and financial relations of enterprises, which make up the content of the finances of enterprises.

The efficiency of the financial and economic activity of an enterprise should be understood as its result, obtained or potentially possible in the process of transforming certain resources into a final product (work, service). The level of efficiency of the financial and economic activities of an enterprise is characterized by the level of its costs, results and financial condition. That is why, in order to determine the level of efficiency of the financial and economic activity of an enterprise, it is necessary to calculate a set of indicators characterizing its cost intensity, efficiency and financial condition.

To determine the essence of the financial and economic activity of the enterprise, it is necessary to define the main constituent elements of it. These elements are: enterprise finances, the structure of the enterprise's funds, the structure of the enterprise's property, the goals of financial analysis, the subjects of analysis.

Savitskaya G.V. writes that in a market environment, enterprise finance is becoming especially important. The growing role of enterprise finance should be seen as a worldwide trend.

The main purpose of assessing the financial and economic activities of the enterprise, according to V.P. Strazhev, is to obtain a small number of key (most informative) parameters that give an objective and accurate picture of the financial condition of the enterprise, its profits and losses, changes in the structure of assets and liabilities, in settlements with debtors and creditors, which will be discussed in the next paragraph of the final qualifying work.

Also on the topic

Such famous people were born on January 15

Achieve harmony within yourself

January strawberries. "The Soul Preserves". The life and poetry of Nikolai Rubtsov. Memoirs of Contemporaries. A. Azovsky. January strawberry See what "Azovsky, Anatoly Andreevich" is in other dictionaries

Name days and names. Women's. Name days in March, Orthodox holidays in March Name days 22

In your opinion, the influence of the zodiac sign is noticeable in the behavior of people born on this day.