Countries of Central and South Asia. Asian countries and their capitals

The article contains information about the region. The material tells about the countries that are part of the region. Available short description each state.

General information about the countries of South Asia

The region consists of seven states geographically located on the mainland of Eurasia.

The area of ​​the region is equal to 4% of the entire earth, but the population density level is only 20% of the world's population. At the southern tip, the territory is surrounded by the seas and bays of the Indian Ocean. Of all the powers in the region, only two are landlocked - Bhutan and Nepal.

Rice. 1. Region on the map.

The countries are dispersed in the direction of the southern borders of the Himalayas. The population in the region exceeds the value of one billion people.

All the powers of South Asia are characterized by historical similarities on the path of development.

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The list of South Asian countries is as follows:

• Nepal;
• Butane;
• India;
• Sri Lanka;
• Pakistan;

Countries and capitals of South Asia

poor state with a growing population. The main territory of the country lies on a flat lowland. The state regularly suffers from floods. Approximately two tens of percent of the total population of the country lives in the cities of Bangladesh.

Rice. 2. Bangladesh.

The capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka, is located on the Ganges River. The city belongs to the category of ports.

Nepal - mountain power of the region. About 1 million people live in the capital of the country - Kathmandu.

Kingdom of Bhutan. The capital of the kingdom - Thimphu - the largest locality in the kingdom.

India - oldest public education peace. For almost two hundred years it was a colony of England. The capital of the state is the city of New Delhi.

India is the seventh largest state in the world. It ranks second in terms of population.

Republic of Sri Lanka located on the island of the same name. The state got its name from a combination of the words "Shri" - glorious and "Lanka" - land. The capital of the state in 1982 was moved from Colombo to the suburb of Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte.

Pakistan It was formed during the partition of British India in 1947. The capital city of the country is Islamabad. There is no industry in the city, because The city was originally built as a capital.

Rice. 3. Maldives.

An island-type state arose on islands of volcanic origin. The islands form a paired necklace of 26 atolls. The capital Male is located on the neighboring islands of Villingili and Male. Due to the regular melting of glaciers, the state is at risk, because. it is in danger of flooding.

What have we learned?

We found out where the region is territorially localized. Received brief information on the composition of the population of the states of South Asia. We learned about the dangers that threaten the Maldives.

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Asia on the map occupies 44,579,000 square kilometers. Officially, it is recognized as part of the world, which together with Europe forms the continent of Eurasia. Asia is the largest and most developing region on the planet. In 2019, the population of Asian countries amounted to more than 4.164 billion people.

The thing is that Saudi Arabia is one of the most religious Islamic countries, so it does not particularly seek to develop tourism and let foreign visitors into its territory.

It is very difficult to get even a tourist visa to Saudi Arabia.

The government of the country does not welcome foreigners on its territory, with the exception of those who come to Mecca every year.

GDP - 56,250 USD.

The poorest states

Asia is a highly developed and rich part of the world. But not all cities and countries can boast of high economic indicators a decent standard of living and wages. There are very few poor countries in Asia, but they still exist.

Poor countries:

Table of major Asian countries by territory

Largest countries in Asia by area

Although Russia is partly in Asia, it is considered the largest country in terms of territory.

The most populated states of Asia (table)

Asia, probably, can be considered the brightest, most diverse and contrasting part of the world, in which more than half of humanity lives. It contains dozens of countries and peoples with a huge variety of political systems and economic systems, different levels life and dissimilar cultural characteristics. Many of them occupy leading positions among the most powerful economies in the world, while adjoining frankly impoverished states.

Among these countries there are also many leaders in various ratings in terms of the area of ​​occupied territories, the number of population, its general density and growth rate. There are many countries with the fastest growing economies.

It is also surprising that among these countries there are many officially unrecognized states - Waziristan, the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, the Shan state, or partially recognized ones - Abkhazia, Azad Kashmir, the Republic of China (Taiwan Island).

Some powers of this part of the world are partially located on the European part of the continent, including Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Indonesia, Yemen, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Georgia, or are part of other states, for example, the countries of the Asian part of Russia. It is also surprising that Cyprus, which is located entirely in Asia, is at the same time a member of the European Union (EU) and Turkey is a member of the North Atlantic Alliance (NATO). These are the countries that are included in Asia, amazing and incredible.

In general, Asia knows how to surprise and amaze the imagination with its scale and incredible features.

Historically, Asia is divided into five main parts: Northern (countries that are part of Russia), Central, Eastern, Western (Front) and South Asia. In Russian geographical literature, you can find such a term as "countries of the foreign part of Asia", it means all of Asia, except for its northern part, that is, those countries that are part of Russia.

In the future, Asian countries will be indicated with a list of their capitals, grouped according to different criteria.

Asian countries with their capitals

West Side:

Central part:

• Tajikistan (Dushanbe),
• Kazakhstan (Ankara),
• Afghanistan (Kabul),
• Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek),
• Turkmenistan (Ashgabat),
• Uzbekistan (Tashkent),

South Asia (countries):

• Nepal (Kathmandu),
• Sri Lanka (Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte - official, Colombo - fact.),
• Bhutan (Thimphu),
• Pakistan (Islamabad),
• India (New Delhi),
• Bangladesh (Dhaka),
• Maldives (Male),

East End:

• Japan Tokyo),
• Democratic People's Republic of Korea - DPRK or North Korea(Pyongyang),
• Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar),
• Republic of Korea or South Korea(Seoul)
• China - China (Beijing).

Countries of Southeast Asia (list):

Northern part:

• Russia and all its Asian republics (Moscow).

States not recognized by the world community and not fully recognized

Unrecognized states of the region:

• Waziristan (Vana),
• Shan State (Taunggyi),
• Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Stepanakert),

Partially recognized states of the region:

• State of Palestine (Ramallah),
• Abkhazia (Sukhum),
• Republic of South Ossetia (Tskhinvali),
• Azad Kashmir (Muzaffarabad),
• Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (Lefkosa),
• Taiwan Island - Republic of China (Taipei).

Controlled territories:

• British territory in Indian Ocean(Diego Garcia)
• Akrotiri and Dekeria (Episkopi),
• Christmas Island (Flying Fish Cove),
• Macau - Macau (Macao - Macau),
• Cocos Islands (West Island),
• Hong Kong - Hong Kong (Hong Kong - Hong Kong).

Conclusion

Now the reader has an idea of ​​what diverse and dissimilar states there are in Asia, where their capitals are located and how many there really are.

And if suddenly you decide to visit one of these states, then approach the choice of a place of further stay with special care, because Asia is not only beautiful and amazing, but also dangerous! Many customs and traditions of the peoples living there may contradict the ideas about the norm and morality of a European inhabitant, and vice versa, an act that seems harmless to you and me, in the East can be regarded as immoral and even illegal. Therefore, be vigilant and attentive.

On the territory of Asia there are several dozen countries with different political systems and living standards, with amazing and dissimilar cultures. Russia also partially refers to Which states does Foreign Asia include? The countries and capitals of this part of the world will be listed in the article.

What is called overseas Asia?

Foreign territory is the part of the world that does not belong to Russia, that is, these are all Asian countries except Russia. In the geographical literature, foreign Asia is divided into four large regions. So, they distinguish Central, Eastern, Southern and Front (Western). - this is Russian territory, and, of course, does not apply to it overseas Asia. The countries and capitals of this are absolutely different from each other, they are unique and unrepeatable.

The table below gives alphabetical list with the names of the capitals.

Developed countries of foreign Asia and their capitals

Among the most highly developed countries in the world is Singapore (capital - Singapore). This is a small island nation high level life of the population, which is mainly engaged in the production of electronics for export.

Tokyo), also involved in the creation electronic engineering, one of the ten most prosperous countries in the world. Almost all countries of foreign Asia and their capitals are rapidly developing. For example, Qatar, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan are among the five fastest growing (in terms of GDP growth) economies in the world.

Not everyone needs to be ahead...

Foreign Asia and their capitals: Bangladesh (capital - Dhaka), Bhutan (capital - Thimphu), Nepal (capital - Kathmandu). These and some other countries cannot boast of either a high standard of living or special achievements in industry. And yet overseas Asia (countries and capitals are listed in the table above) plays an important role in the global economy. The largest financial centers are located in the largest part of the world on the planet: Hong Kong, Taipei, Singapore.

We continue to get acquainted with the origin of the names of the capitals of the world. Previously, a page about European capitals was prepared. On this page we are talking about the capitals of Asian states, as well as states partially located in Europe or Oceania, but mostly in Asia.

Abu Dhabi. Capital of the United United Arab Emirates. The city was founded in 1760. In most cases, the name of the city is translated from Arabic as "father of the gazelle". There is a legend about a gazelle that led the hunters to the oasis on which the city was founded. However, there is an opinion that the toponym Abu Dhabi associated not with the name of the animal, but with a personal name from this name.

Amman. Capital of Jordan. The city has existed for several thousand years. ancient name – Rabat-Amon"City of Amon" (Amon is the god of the sun of the ancient Egyptians).

Ankara. Capital of Turkey. The city has been known since the 7th century BC. e. The toponym goes back to the Phrygian word anchor"anchor", the meaning of which developed into "parking, stopping place on the way."

Astana. Capital of Kazakhstan. The city was founded in 1830 as a Cossack outpost. Until 1961 it was called Akmolinsk. In 1961–1992 - Tselinograd. In 1992–1998 - Akmola. Since May 6, 1995 - Astana. Toponym Akmola (Akmolinsk- Russified form) translated from Kazakh - "white grave", "white shrine". Tselinograd was named in memory of the development of virgin and fallow lands of Kazakhstan. The modern name comes from the Kazakh word astana- "capital".

Ashgabat. Capital of Turkmenistan. Founded in 1881 and named after a nearby village Askhabad, which means “beloved city” in Turkmen. In 1919–1927 called Poltoratsk in memory of the Commissar of Labor of the Turkestan Republic. In 1927–1991 it was called Ashgabat(refined form of toponym Ashkhabad). Since 1991 - Ashgabat, which is more in line with the Turkmen pronunciation. In Russian, the older form is still used Ashgabat.

Baghdad. Capital of Iraq. The city was founded in 763. The toponym is of Iranian origin. Means "given by God". called in Arabic Dar es Salaam- "abode of peace."

Baku. Capital of Azerbaijan. It is located in the southern part of the Absheron Peninsula. The toponym has been known since the 5th century, but its etymology has not been fully clarified. There are several versions. Explanations such as "blown by the wind" (from Arabic through Persian) or "mountain wind" are not recognized as scientific. The explanation from the Iranian abad"city" + ku"fire" (in connection with the religion of fire worshipers). More plausible is either the derivation of the name of the city from Lak (one of the Turkic languages) Baku"hill", or from the ethnonym cormorants (bagans)- the most ancient inhabitants of the Apsheron Peninsula.

Bangkok. Capital of Thailand. Derived from the Bengali language. There is no consensus on the etymology of the toponym. Among the translations are “city of wild plum”, “forest village”, “olive thickets”. Toponym Bangkok used only outside of Thailand. In Thailand itself, the capital is usually called Krung Thep- "City of the Gods"

Bandar Seri Begawan. Capital of Brunei. Until 1970 the city was called Brunei, or Brunei town. Presumably derived from Sanskrit varuṇ- either "ocean", or "lord of the ocean". According to another version, translated from Malay - "plant". In 1970, the capital was renamed in honor of the former Sultan of Brunei in Bandar Seri Begawan. Translated from Malay - "the city of his excellency."

Beirut. Capital of Lebanon. The city has been known since the 15th BC. e. The toponym is of Phoenician (according to others - Semitic) origin and means "well".

Bishkek. Capital of Kyrgyzstan. The city grew out of the Kokand fortress built in 1825. It was called Pishpek. The name of the fortress passed to the city, which received this status in 1878. From 1926 to February 1991 it was called Frunze, in honor of Mikhail Frunze, a native of Pishpek, a famous Bolshevik and Soviet military leader. Since February 1, 1991 wears modern name Bishkek, which is considered more accurate from the point of view of the norms of the Kyrgyz language form of the former name Pishpek. Regarding the etymology of the toponym Bishkek there is no unity of opinion. According to one version, it comes from the name of the Bishkek batyr (he lived in the 18th century). According to another version, it translates as "club, club."

Vientiane. Capital of Laos. From an ancient Khmer word meaning "fortification, walled city". The city has been known since the 13th century.

Dhaka. Capital of Bangladesh. The most common explanation is on behalf of the Hindu goddess of fertility Durga. But it has been suggested that this is not the case.

Damascus. Capital of Syria. The origin of this ancient toponym is not entirely clear. One of the versions: the name goes back to the Semitic languages ​​and means "business (useful)".

Delhi. Capital of India. In ancient times the city was called Indraprastha, or Indrabara(according to one version, the name of the king of the gods Indra + "great"). Later, the city began to be called by the name of Raja Dilla from the Mauryan dynasty.

Jakarta. Capital of Indonesia. Explanation from Sanskrit Jaya Kerta- "the place of victory" is recognized as unreliable. During the period of Dutch rule (from the 18th century to 1945), the city was called Batavia(according to the ancient Roman name for Holland).

Doha. Capital of Qatar. The city has existed since 1825. At first it was called Al Bida. Toponym Doha- Arabic origin. Its etymology is "big tree".

Dushanbe. Capital of Tajikistan. The city emerged from the village Dyushambe in 1925. The name translated from Tajik means “Monday” (the day on which the market took place here). was called Stalinabad("city of Stalin").

Yerevan. Capital of Armenia. The year of foundation is considered to be 782 BC. e. Several explanations for this toponym have been proposed, most of which have no scientific justification. For example, and Persian ravan"fast current", from the name of a certain founder khan Revan, from the Urartian Erebuni- "the abode of the god Aru" or as "the brilliant descendant of the eagle." Ancient name of the fortress Erebuni(on the site of present-day Yerevan) is also derived from the name of the nationality or tribal union.

Jerusalem. The capital of Israel and the Palestinian Authority. The city has been known since the 19th–18th centuries. BC e. The most common is the etymology "the city of the god Shalim". The explanations "house (people) of the world", "house of stone" are considered to be a later folk etymology. The Arabs call this city Al-Quds- "sacred".

Islamabad. Capital of Pakistan. This new town, built as a capital in the 60s. 20th century official religion Pakistan is Islam. Accordingly, this capital was given the name - "City of Islam".

Kathmandu. Capital of Nepal. The city was founded in 723, but the oldest archaeological finds on its territory date back to 185. Until the 16th century. was called Kantipur, which means "city of beauty" in Sanskrit. The most common toponym Kathmandu derived from the name of the temple Kastamandap (“tree” + “hidden shelter”), built in 1596. According to another explanation, the components of the toponym means “house, village, city” (Indo-European word) + “temple” (translated from Hindi) , i.e. "city of temples". Another proposed etymology is "place of boundary".

Kuala Lumpur. Capital of Malaysia. The city was founded in 1857. The name is Malay. The first part is translated as "mouth", the second - "silt, muddy". The latter is a characteristic of the Gombak and Klang rivers, at the mouth of which the city is located.

Lefkosha. The name of the northern part of Nicosia, which is the capital of the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Is the Turkish form of a Greek place name Levkosia(see Nicosia).

Male. Capital of the Republic of Maldives. The city is over 800 years old. There is no unambiguous interpretation of the toponym. According to one version - from the same Indo-European root as the toponym Maldives and means “to stand out in relief”, “to rise”, “to grow”. According to another version, it consists of two Sanskrit bases, which are translated as "big" + "blood".

Manama. The capital of Bahrain (an island nation in the Persian Gulf). The city has been known since 1345. The name is Arabic in origin. Means either "place of rest" or "place of dream".

Manila. Capital of the Philippines. The city was founded in 1571 by the Spaniards. Toponym contains a prefix ma-, which in Tagalog indicates abundance of something, and stems nile- "Manila indigo" (a type of tree).

Muscat. Capital of the Sultanate of Oman. People lived in the area of ​​the city as early as the 6th millennium BC. e. The etymology of the toponym has not been fully elucidated. There are known attempts at interpretation based on Arabic- “inflated skin”, “anchorage”, “fall site”. They also suggest a Persian origin - "strong aroma".

Muzaffarabad. The administrative center of the Pakistani territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The city is named after Sultan Muhammad Muzaffar Khan (the first Muslim ruler in Kashmir). Name translated from Arabic Muzaffar means "winner, victorious". In the local language the city was called Udabhanda.

Naypyidaw. The capital of Myanmar (formerly Burma). Translated from Burmese means "royal capital", "royal city of the sun" (literal translation). Until November 2005, the capital was Yangon, whose name is translated as "the end of strife." English placename imitation Yangon in one of the local dialects ragoon(under this name the city long time was known all over the world).

Nicosia. The capital of the Republic of Cyprus and the partially self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Founded in the 11th century. BC e. In antiquity, the city-state of Ledra existed on this site. During the period approx. 280 BC e. - IV century. n. e. called Leucotheon Three etymologies are given for this toponym. According to one version, it comes from the name of Leucus, the son of Ptolemy I Lag. According to another version, the toponym is associated with white poplar. Also associated with the name of the goddess Levkothea ("white goddess"). From 348 called Levkosia(phonetic transformation of toponym Leucotheon). Toponym used outside of Cyprus Nicosia- that's the name Levkosia uttered by the Franks-Crusaders.

New Delhi. The capital of India (since 1911, before that - Calcutta). It occupies the southern part of Delhi. Literally "new Delhi". On the site of Delhi in ancient times was the city of Indrabar ("great Indra"). The toponym Delhi is associated with the name of Raja Dilli from the Mauryan dynasty, who founded his capital here.

To be continued

Sources

Nikonov V. A. Brief Toponymic Dictionary. M., 1966.

Pospelov E. M. School toponymic dictionary. M., 1988.