Warm mortar which is better. Warm lightweight mortar for block walls

The temperature factor plays a huge role in construction. It is impossible to work in winter conditions with masonry mortar: it freezes faster than it can gain its strength. The problem is very topical, especially where they do not have time to complete the project. That is why a technology has been developed according to which the winter mortar is heated to a higher temperature by adding hot water. As a result, it cools down more slowly and has time to gain a margin of safety.

Warm masonry mortars: how to get rid of cold bridges

The seam between the bricks is the most vulnerable spot in the facade of the house. Its thermal conductivity is much higher than that of ceramics. Meanwhile, the joint area of \u200b\u200bexternal walls can reach 10-12%. To solve this problem, one way or another related to unfavorable winter conditions, but now during the operation of the building, today it is quite easy. Manufacturers of dry mortars offer warm masonry mortars with a special composition.

The main component of any cement-based mortar is sand. Accordingly, by changing its properties, one can expect an improvement in thermal conductivity. That is why not ordinary sand is added to the warm solution as an aggregate, but vermiculite or expanded perlite. This significantly reduces the overall density and achieves lower thermal conductivity values \u200b\u200bthat are not inferior to ceramics. As a result, warm masonry mortars guarantee the absence of cold bridges. This is very important for creating a comfortable indoor climate.

Warm masonry mortars for ceramic blocks

The popularity of ceramic blocks is explained by their excellent thermal conductivity characteristics and a wide range of standard sizes. One block can replace 16 bricks in the wall, so masonry work takes several times less time than when working with traditional material. The thermal conductivity of porous blocks is 4-5 times lower than that of bricks, therefore they are called warm ceramics. Accordingly, it is better to use special mixtures to work with it. A warm solution for ceramic blocks will reduce heat loss to a minimum. The wall actually becomes homogeneous, making the building under construction energy efficient.

Wienerberger is one of the market leaders in modern building materials. Its factories are located in many European countries, and its products are in high demand. For its ceramic blocks, the concern produces warm Porotherm solution. Its use will allow you to experience all the benefits of warm ceramics. The coefficient of a masonry joint made of Porotherm is only 0.19 W / mS. Its preparation is not difficult, the only thing is that the manufacturer recommends to prepare a warm solution for masonry using clean water.

The cost of warm masonry mortars

The excellent performance characteristics of materials are often the reason for increased interest in its cost. Indeed, the price for a warm mortar is almost two times higher than for an ordinary masonry mortar. However, its use reduces heat loss by 10-15%, which, with simple calculations, will make it easy to understand that the use of this material is beneficial to developers. When choosing warm solutions, it is best to give preference to products from well-known manufacturers. Despite the higher price, they have a yield of the ready-made solution by 30-40%, which saves significant funds.

With the advent of new building materials, the corresponding terms are formed, such as, for example, warm masonry mortar. Previously, it was understood literally: an ordinary building mixture of cement and sand, but heated to work in cold conditions to ensure the quality of a brick wall. But now ceramic blocks with many pores appeared, which increase the thermal insulation properties of the structure, and the previous composition becomes a weak link: the seams are a kind of cold bridges, that is, heat leaks through them.

This circumstance led the builders to create mixtures of specially selected components that provide high thermal insulation of the joint fillers. Porous minerals and products became such elements of the solution:

• pumice, expanded clay and slag sands;
• expanded perlite and vermiculite;
• foam glass and asbestos-containing substances.

This made it possible to increase the heat resistance of the seams by 18%. Solutions are used on such bulk materials in the construction of structures made of foam concrete, porous ceramic blocks, cellular glass, glass fiber and gas silicate concrete blocks.

Properties and compositions

Air is a poor conductor of heat, it is this quality that allowed cellular products to become the basis of heat conservation technologies. When erecting structures from macroporous building materials and laying wall elements, it is necessary to use mortars with light aggregates - this is perlite or pumice sand. Traditional masonry mass has a density of 1.8 t / m³, while wall blocks are much lighter - 0.5 t / m³. A regularity has been revealed that with an increase in the specific gravity of a substance by 100 kg / m³, heat leaks increase by 1%.

The ideal solution would be to achieve a mass density of 0.5 for building blocks. Such a mixture must also be workable and flexible, have high adhesion (adhesion to the surface) and water-holding properties in order to ensure the pot life of the mortar. It is possible to achieve a combination of such parameters by including special additives in the mortar mass - modifiers that improve the properties of the composition. Thus, a warm masonry mixture should consist of the following components:

• cement;
• porous sand powder;
• modifying additives.

Lightweight fillers are selected based on the capabilities of the local mineral resource base. The ratio of cement-sand is used the same as for traditional mortars, depending on the required strength. It can be proportions 1: 3 (M 75), 1: 4 (M 50) and 1: 5 (M 25). The last two dosages are used for low-rise construction of houses with walls made of highly porous blocks.

Reaching minimum density

An additional possibility of saturating the solution with air and thereby reducing its weight is the use of turbulent mixers when mixing the masonry composition. At the same stage, air-entraining additives give a good effect. Threshold generators have also been developed and are operating, saturating the solution with its mixing with air pores.

In some cases, polystyrene foam granules can be used as a filler, which have practically no weight and very well saturate the mass with air. For plasticity, lime can also be added there. With the integrated use of all methods of reducing the density - porous fillers, air-entraining additives, turbulent rotation, polymer additives - good results are achieved. This makes it possible to significantly limit heat leakage into the atmosphere through the building envelope, reduce their weight and reduce the consumption of mineral resources.

Mix making

Warm mortar for masonry is usually used for the construction of external walls, and for the construction of internal partitions - traditional plaster. Large construction companies bring a ready-to-use solution to the site or the dry mix is \u200b\u200bpumped into the supply silo to create it when water is added directly at the construction site. But there is nothing difficult in preparing the solution: you can use ready-made dry powders, a large selection of which is presented in the construction markets, or you can choose the components of the mixture yourself and make it yourself. Tools and materials for work:

• mixer - container or mechanism;
• bucket, shovel and sieve;
• water, sand, cement and additives.

Mixing proportions depend on the number of storeys of the building, in private construction it is 1: 4 or 1: 5, where 1 part is cement. Sequence of operations:

1. Clean sand from debris and large inclusions by sifting through a sieve.
2. Pour cement and sand into the mixer in the specified proportion, stir the dry mixture (3 minutes). Add a little water to moisten and stir for 2 minutes.
3. Add liquid to the desired consistency, stirring for the same amount of time.
4. Put the finished solution into a consumable container.

The laying should be done within two hours so that the mortar mass does not thicken. Making masonry glue from a factory mix is \u200b\u200beven easier - just follow the instructions on the package.

Buy a ready-made mix or components?

The rather high price set for a warm dry mix prompts the amateur builder to ask such a question. It is clear that the main component in the price of any product is raw materials, therefore it is necessary to approach the answer to the question from this position. So, a manufacturer of mixed products buys materials at wholesale prices significantly lower than market prices, and even uses its own raw materials, so the cost of components for him in any case will be lower than for a retail buyer who decides to make a mix by hand.

Heat-insulating dry mix has specific components that you will have to look for before purchasing, and their price will not be low. So in terms of saving money from making it yourself, there are no prospects. In addition, in terms of the quality of the mixture, it is necessary to take into account that the factory conditions have a number of advantages:

1. The dosages of the components are worked out in the laboratory and are carried out automatically on the technological line. The consumer only needs to add water in the amount specified in the attached instructions.
2. To prepare the mixture, no special equipment is required (the same concrete mixer), the required amount can also be mixed in a small bowl using a household electric drill.
3. Factory mixes include quality-enhancing additives and additives.
4. The range of powders produced by manufacturers, as a rule, provides for various subspecies for all kinds of application conditions - high humidity or low temperature, accelerated setting, etc.

With a large selection of mixtures, there is an equally high probability of buying a fake under famous brands. Therefore, in order to make a high-quality warm solution, it is necessary to purchase dry mixed powders in large specialized stores that receive products directly from the manufacturers of masonry compounds.

Warm mortar (heat-insulating masonry mixture) contains a porous material - perlite. This composition allows you to get as close as possible to the values \u200b\u200bof thermal conductivity of warm ceramics.

As a rule, the thermal conductivity coefficient of a warm masonry mixture is 0.2 W / m * K, and the average density is 1200 kg / m 3. While the thermal conductivity of ceramic blocks is 0.16 W / m * K. Close values

Should you replace the warm mortar with cement?

When blocks are laid on a conventional sand-cement mixture, cold bridges are formed in the seam, which reduce the thermal efficiency of the wall and the structure in general. That is, all the costs of purchasing warm ceramics are reduced to zero, while the costs of heating and air conditioning are increasing. Mold may appear on the walls inside.

Use and composition of the warm mixture

The use of a warm mixture creates a uniform masonry. With the most approximate thermal conductivity. The composition of the warm mixture is optimally selected to obtain a plastic, lightweight and durable masonry mortar, with sufficient strength. It completely eliminates the appearance of cold bridges, ensures ideal vapor permeability of the masonry.

Manufacturers of large-format blocks BRAER, WIENERBERGER, Gzhel KZ, Stalingrad brick recommend using only warm masonry mixture for laying ceramic blocks. At the same time, special attention is paid to the technical indicators of the mixture.

Such as:

• coefficient of thermal conductivity
• mixture density
• compressive strength
• frost resistance

Heating costs for your home can be reduced by using energy-efficient materials. To reduce the bridges of cold between the seams of the masonry, a so-called warm solution is used. Its thermal insulation properties are much higher than that of conventional cement-sand mortar. For comparison:

• The density of the warm solution is about 1100-1200 kg / m. cub. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.15-0.3 W / m * K.
• The density of the CPR is 1500-1600 kg / m. cub. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.8-0.9.

Due to the formation of a porous mass during solidification, the density decreases and the insulating capacity of the material increases. Voids that prevent the outflow of heat are formed due to the use of expanded clay materials in a dry mixture - perlite, expanded clay or vermiculite; pumice is also used. In the field, it is impossible to achieve a uniform distribution of the energy-saving filler, therefore, a high-quality warm solution can be made only in the factory with industrial equipment.

Recommended masonry materials using warm mortar

The greatest efficiency of using warm solutions is achieved when erecting the outer walls of a building from large hollow blocks, porous bricks. Such masonry has approximately uniform thermal conductivity and no heat loss occurs through individual sections. Combined with energy-saving window packages, heating costs for a house will be significantly lower than when building with conventional materials.

The general requirements for a warm mortar are the same as for a conventional dry mortar for masonry: high adhesion, plasticity, good joint filling.

Warm masonry mixes comparison table

For walls made of materials with increased resistance to heat transfer, for example, from porous ceramics or aerated concrete, you need to use a light masonry mortar with increased heat-saving properties.

A common solution of sand, cement, lime in this case will significantly reduce the heat transfer resistance of the finished masonry. So for laying blocks of aerated concrete 38 cm wide, the use of ordinary mortar in horizontal joints 10 - 12 cm thick reduces its thermal conductivity coefficient by 25% compared if a thin layer of glue (2 mm) was used, and by 20% if a heat-saving solution was used ... These are very large and unacceptable heat losses.

The properties of the solution are primarily affected by its density. For masonry walls made of large-format blocks, it is recommended to use heat-insulating masonry mixtures with a bulk density of up to 1400 kg / m3. dry.

Where is the thermal insulation compound used for masonry blocks

Laying on a thin layer of glue of 2 mm in horizontal joints between blocks is warmer and stronger than laying on mortar. But for the application of glue, the dimensions of the blocks must be very accurate, a vertical error of no more than 1 mm is allowed (1 class of blocks). It is not always possible to purchase such blocks; not all manufacturers make them.

Also, the neat laying of high-precision blocks allows you to do only with a thin finishing putty of the walls on both sides, which ultimately makes the finished wall cheaper, despite the fact that precision-made blocks are more expensive.

Blocks of a lower class with an error of 3 mm must be placed on a thick layer (8 - 12 mm) of heat-saving mortar. Vertical seams of blocks with shaped "groove-comb" sidewalls are not filled with mortar. For additional blocks with flat side surfaces, filling the vertical joints is mandatory.

Block masonry with unfilled vertical joints should be plastered on both sides to reduce air permeability.

What is the difference between a heat-saving light solution

For the preparation of warm masonry mortar, it is more convenient to use ready-made light dry mixes from well-known manufacturers. Below are the typical characteristics of insulating dry mortar for block masonry.

• Density - 1000 kg / m3
• Strength - not less than 50 kg / m2.
• Thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.22W / mK

To compare the characteristics of a conventional cement-lime mortar:

• Density - 1800 kg / m3
• Thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.95 W / mK

A joint filled with a heat-saving mortar transmits heat almost 5 times less than a joint with a conventional mortar. In masonry with a warm solution, the thermal conductivity coefficient will be 20 percent less than in the case of using a conventional solution. This is a very significant heat saving.

What to consider when choosing

When choosing a dry mixture, you need to take into account the price for the final product - how many rubles to give per liter of the finished solution, and not per kilogram of the mixture. From the same mass of dry mixture, but of different brands, a different amount of solution can be prepared, since the density can be different.

The packaging should indicate how many liters of masonry mixture can be obtained from a kilogram or from the entire pack.

A decrease in the density of the solution and an increase in its heat-saving properties is achieved by adding light fillers to ordinary cement, lime, sand. More often add:

In order for the structure to be truly high-quality and reliable, the masonry mortar must have a low thermal conductivity.

Warm mix " Perel", produced by OOO TD Perel, has excellent properties and unsurpassed quality. The low thermal conductivity of this mixture is achieved due to the inclusion of pearlite sand in the composition. In addition, in contrast to standard mixtures, a warm solution" Perel"also has a low density.

If you want to purchase a first-class product at a bargain price, give preference to the warm mix from our company. Unique technologies, control over each stage of production, the priority of honest cooperation with clients allows us to produce competitive goods that are very popular among builders of all levels.

Heat-insulating masonry mixture "Perel" - the choice of the majority

Before you start working with our solution, you need to carry out preparatory work:

• cleaning masonry material from dirt and dust;
• checking the strength and evenness of the base;
• preparation of masonry mixture.

To prepare an insulating mortar, it is necessary to mix the product with water in the appropriate proportion (for 10 liters of water - 25 kg of dry mix). As a result of mixing, a homogeneous hard-plastic consistency should be obtained. It is important to ensure that the resulting solution is protected from the ingress of impurities, humidity and temperature extremes.

Advantages of Perel heat-insulating masonry mixes:

1. impeccable quality;
2. increased thermal insulation;
3. lack of drying out;
4. low density;
5. sound absorption;
6. fire retardant properties;
7. decorative qualities;
8. low price.

Using mixtures " Perel"- the guarantee of a solid, reliable and warm wall.