TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD
INSTALLATION AND DISMANTLING OF FRAME SCAFFOLDING LPRS-40
1 AREA OF USE
Typical routing(TTK) is compiled for one of the options for mounting and dismantling frame scaffolding LSPR-40.
The TTK is intended to familiarize workers and engineers with the rules of work, as well as for use in the development of work projects, construction organization projects, and other organizational and technological documentation.
2. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Frame scaffolding LSPR-40 (rack-mounted attached frame scaffolding LSPR-40 up to 40 m high) is scaffolding, made in accordance with GOST 27321-87 and intended for finishing and repair work on building facades and for masonry. The corrugated shape of the surface ensures the reliability and safety of the work being carried out; also, these scaffolding can be used for construction and installation work, repair and reconstruction of buildings, for placing working materials directly in the area where such work is carried out.
Specifications
The maximum height of the scaffolding is 40 m.
The height step of the tier is 2 m.
The pitch of the frames along the wall is 3 m.
The width of the tier (passage) between the frame posts is 0.976 m.
The metal parts of the scaffolding have a wear-resistant polymer coating.
Fig.1. Scaffolding LSPR-40
Design and principle of operation scaffolding LSPR-40
Scaffolding is a structure assembled from the following elements:
frames without stairs;
frame with stairs;
horizontal and diagonal connections;
adjustable and non-adjustable supports;
elements for fastening to the wall;
The bottom row of frames rests on support feet or screw supports, which are mounted on wooden pads. Frames with and without stairs can be built upon each other to the required height. Frames with ladders are installed in the first or second row of scaffolding in each tier and are used to lift workers.
The frames, for the purpose of stability, are connected to each other by diagonal connections in a checkerboard pattern from the street side and horizontal connections from the wall side (see installation diagram). The frames are equipped with locks for fastening diagonal and horizontal ties.
The scaffolding is secured to the wall using adjustable anchor brackets. Anchoring elements are made of two types: plugs and hooks with bushings. The type of anchorage is determined by customer requirements. The number of shoes and screw supports is determined by the terrain and customer requirements. On the working and safety tiers of scaffolding there are installed longitudinal connections fencing.
Metal crossbars with wooden flooring are used on scaffolding. The deck beams are hung on the bottom links of adjacent frames on tiers provided for the decks. First, the metal beams are laid, and then the wooden flooring is laid.
To protect against atmospheric electrical discharges, scaffolding is equipped with lightning rods and grounding.
Frame scaffolding, type LSPR-40, is a frame-tier structure assembled from various tubular elements - frames, racks, longitudinal and diagonal links, decking, crossbars, adjustable and non-adjustable supports, wall fastening elements.
The main part of such scaffolding is a rectangular vertical frame made of thin-walled steel pipe. Typically two types of frames are used: with stairs and walk-through. The frames are fastened vertically with a pipe-to-pipe connection, and the lowest tier of the frames is installed on support bearings or screw supports (jacks), which in turn are installed on wooden pads.
The height of the scaffolding tier is equal to the height of each frame - 2 m.
The frames are built up with each other to the height required for the work, while the frames with a ladder, which are used for lifting and moving workers, are installed on each tier of the scaffolding, in the second row.
The frames are strengthened with each other by diagonal and horizontal connections from the street side, in a checkerboard pattern, and from the wall side - only by horizontal connections. Installation of these scaffolding elements is carried out using special locks located on the racks, which ensures the necessary rigidity of the longitudinal and diagonal connections.
The scaffolding structure in the first and second rows is strengthened by installing two crossbars in each span - one on the building side, the other on the street side. Metal deck beams are hung on the top connections adjacent frames, on tiers where there should be flooring. After the crossbars, wooden flooring is laid.
For safe work Such frame scaffolding is attached to the wall of the building using anchor brackets, which can be of two types: either made of steel strip or tubular, with a hook and clamp. The fastening is mounted into the wall of a building using two types of anchoring elements - hooks with bushings and plugs. The customer determines required type anchor fastening.
The number of support bearings and screw supports depends on the terrain and is specified by the customer.
On the working and safety tiers of the scaffolding structure, end and longitudinal connections of the fences are installed. In those places where workers rise to the working level, where diagonal ties are not provided, fencing connections are installed.
The entire scaffolding structure is equipped for protection against atmospheric electrical charges by grounding with a lightning rod.
3. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION
Stage I
Install wooden supports and shoes on the prepared site, and install screw supports if necessary. The supporting surfaces of the scaffold frames must be strictly in the same horizontal plane.
Fig.2. Stage I of scaffolding installation LSPR-40
Stage II
Install two adjacent frames of the first tier into the shoes and connect them with horizontal and diagonal connections. After a step, install two adjacent frames and also connect them with ties and repeat this operation to set the required length of the scaffolding.
Fig.3. Stage II of scaffolding installation LSPR-40
Install the frames of the second tier, connect them with ties, and arrange the diagonal ties so that they are installed in a checkerboard pattern. For installation, you need to use crossbars on which wooden flooring is laid.
Fig.4. Stage III of scaffolding installation LSPR-40
Install scaffold frames plumb. Installation of frames and fastening of scaffolding to the wall should be carried out simultaneously with the installation of scaffolding.
Laying of decking and installation of fencing connections should be done simultaneously.
Scaffold assembly diagram
Fig.5. Scaffold assembly diagram
1 - lining; 2 - frame without ladder; 3 - shoe; 4 - horizontal connection; 5 - screw support; 6 - diagonal connection; 7 - frame with ladder; 8 - crossbar with wooden flooring; 9 - fencing frame; 10 - anchor bracket
Fig.6. Sequence of scaffolding assembly
Fig.7. Mounting unit for horizontal and diagonal ties
Dismantling of scaffolding LSPR-40
Scaffolding dismantling is allowed only after removing the remaining materials, equipment and tools from the flooring.
Before dismantling scaffolding, the work foreman is obliged to inspect it and instruct workers on the sequence and methods of dismantling, as well as on measures to ensure the safety of work.
Dismantling of scaffolding should begin from the top tier, in the reverse order of installation.
Before transportation, dismantled elements are sorted, large-sized elements are tied into bags, and small-sized and standard products are placed in boxes.
4. WORK QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
Operation of scaffolding LSPR-40
Metal frame scaffolding is allowed into operation only after completion of its installation, but not before handing it over according to an act to the person appointed for acceptance by the chief construction engineer with the participation of a safety worker.
When accepting the installed scaffolding for operation, the following is checked:
correspondence assembled frame wiring diagrams and correct assembly of components;
correctness and reliability of the scaffolding on the base;
correctness and reliability of fastening the scaffolding to the wall;
the presence and reliability of fencing on scaffolding, the presence of double railings in working tiers;
correct installation of lightning rods and grounding of scaffolds;
ensuring water drainage from forests.
Pay special attention to the verticality of the racks and the reliability of fastening the scaffolding to the wall.
The condition of the scaffolding must be checked daily before the start of the shift by the work manager or the foreman supervising the work.
Scaffold decks and stairs should be systematically cleared of debris, residual materials, snow, ice, and sprinkled with sand in winter.
Loads on scaffold decks during their operation should not exceed permissible limits.
If it is necessary to increase or change the location of the loads:
the strength of the scaffolding must be checked by calculation;
test the scaffolding with a load 25% higher than specified;
draw up a test report.
When supplying materials to scaffolding tower crane Directly to workplaces, the following rules must be observed:
in order to avoid impacts with the load on the scaffolding, it is necessary to first lift the load and move the crane, and then turn the boom and smoothly lower the load;
There must be a signalman on the scaffolding who regulates the supply of cargo by giving signals to the crane operator.
When supplying materials to scaffolding with a stationary lift, its frame must be attached to the wall regardless of the scaffolding.
5. NEED FOR MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES
6. SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Safety precautions when working with scaffolding LSPR-40
The scaffolding must be securely fastened to the wall along its entire height. Arbitrary removal of the scaffolding to the wall is not allowed.
The scaffolding flooring must have a flat surface.
Lifting people onto and off scaffolding should only be done using ladders, with inside sections.
Posters with diagrams of the movement of people, the placement of loads and the magnitude of permissible loads should be posted on the scaffolding.
It is prohibited to place loads on the scaffolding that exceed those allowed by the design.
To avoid damage to racks located near driveways, it is necessary to install protective devices.
Power lines located closer than 5 m from scaffolding must be removed or enclosed in wooden boxes.
Scaffolding must be reliably grounded and equipped with a lightning protection device. When installing and dismantling scaffolding, access to the work area for people not engaged in this work is prohibited.
In addition to the requirements of safety measures, it is also necessary to comply with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001 Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements; SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.
Transportation and storage of scaffolding LSPR-40
Transportation of forests can be carried out by any type of transport, in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods in force for this type of transport.
Before transportation, scaffolding elements must be sorted by type (frames, platforms, ties, ties) and tied into bags with wire with a diameter of at least 4 mm in two threads with a twist of at least 2 turns, and small parts must be packed in boxes.
It is not allowed to throw off the scaffolding element from vehicles during unloading.
Scaffolding must be stored in coolant storage group 4 in accordance with GOST 15150-69.
At long-term storage Scaffolding elements must be laid on supports that prevent them from coming into contact with the ground.
Metal surfaces of scaffolds that do not have paint coatings during long-term storage MUST be preserved with grease C or another equivalent lubricant.
During transportation and storage, packages and boxes with scaffolding elements can be stacked on top of each other in no more than three tiers.
7. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Table GESN 08-07-001 Installation and dismantling of external inventory scaffolding
Scope of work:
for standards 1-3:
01. Layout of the installation site for external scaffolding. 02. Assembly and installation of inventory scaffolding with the installation of decking, fences, stepladders and walking stairs. 03. Dismantling of scaffolding. 04. Refurbishment of scaffolding parts at each rotation. 05. Delivery of finished scaffolding elements from the on-site warehouse to the site and their transportation from the site to the on-site warehouse.
for standards 4, 5:
01. Assembly and installation of inventory scaffolding with the installation of decking, fences, stepladders and walking stairs. 02. Dismantling of scaffolding. 03. Refurbishment of scaffolding parts at each rotation. 04. Delivery of finished scaffolding elements from the on-site warehouse to the site and their transportation from the site to the on-site warehouse.
Meter: 100m vertical projection for outdoor scaffolding
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures.
SNiP 3.04.01-87 Insulation works and finishing coatings.
SNiP 12-03-2001 Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.
SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production.
SP 48.13330.2011 Organization of construction. Updated version of SNiP 01/12/2004.
SNiP 02/23/2003 Thermal protection of buildings.
GOST 27321-87 Rack-mounted attached scaffolding for construction and installation work. Technical conditions.
GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions regarding the impact of climatic factors external environment(with Amendments No. 1-4).
GOST 12.1.044-89 SSBT. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination.
GOST 12.2.003-91 SSBT. Production equipment. General safety requirements.
GOST 12.3.009-76 SSBT. Loading and unloading works. General safety requirements.
GOST 12.3.033-84 SSBT. Construction machines. General safety requirements for operation.
GOST R 12.1.019-2009 SSBT. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection.
GOST 24258-88 Scaffolding means. General technical conditions.
GOST 12.1.003-83 SSBT. Noise. General safety requirements.
GOST 12.1.004-91 SSBT. Fire safety. General requirements.
GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.
GOST 12.4.011-89 SSBT. Protective equipment for workers. General requirements and classification.
GOST 12.4.059-89 SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions.
GOST 12.2.013.0-91 SSBT. Manual electric machines. General safety requirements and test methods.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 25, 2012 N 390 On the fire safety regime.
ST SRO OSMO-2-001-2010 Self-regulation standard. Electrical safety. General requirements at production facilities of organizations performing work that affect the safety of capital construction projects.
The electronic text of the document was prepared by Kodeks JSC
and verified according to the author's material.
Rules for installing scaffolding
Scaffolding is used for installation and construction, as well as finishing work at high altitudes. Therefore, it is important that the structure, consisting of several elements, is durable and safe for people carrying out the work.
Stages of work execution
Assembly building structure carried out in several stages:
- preparatory;
- organization of the site;
- scaffolding assembly;
- installation directly of the structure.
On last stage it is necessary to check the reliability of the design. Only after this can you move on to construction and finishing works on the scaffolding.
Let's look at each of the stages in more detail.
Preparatory stage
At the initial stage, the person responsible for installation carefully examines the structure itself and the place where it will be installed. It is important to check the serviceability and completeness of the scaffolding.
Then, an installation diagram is developed.
The authorized person also checks the installers’ documents allowing them to work at height and provides instructions on how to comply with safety precautions.
Besides, preparatory stage includes:
- installation of temporary fences around the hazardous area and installation of special signs signaling the implementation of work;
- transportation of structural elements to the site;
- installation and testing of all equipment;
- checking insurance elements;
- preparation of the site on which the auxiliary structure will be installed.
Please note the following during installation:
- Installation is carried out on the ground or a pre-prepared site made of concrete or asphalt. The width of the surface must exceed 3 meters.
- The installation site of the building structure must be cleaned and leveled. If necessary, compaction is carried out.
- In case of stagnation of liquid, work is carried out to drain the water.
- To level a site that has differences in height, wood or concrete slabs are used.
Assembly and installation steps
The installation process involves sequential installation of tiers and securing the structure to the facade of the building. In this case, it is necessary to take into account a number of nuances:
- Structural elements must not come into contact with electrical wires. To avoid this, nearby wiring is placed in special boxes.
- Installation begins from the corner of the building.
- Special pads should be installed under the supports and shoes. The thickness of the linings must exceed 4 cm.
- In cases where installation with shoe support is not possible, scaffolding is secured at height using support devices.
- The joining method depends on the type of structure.
- During installation, it is important to control the verticality of the scaffolding using a plumb line. This is done for each of the tiers.
- The structure is attached to the wall using special plugs or anchors. This may require drilling holes in the wall.
- During installation of the flooring, the distance between the boards should not exceed half a centimeter. The flooring must be laid strictly horizontally and have a flat surface.
- The structure must be grounded. It is also possible to install a lightning rod.
On the tier where work is carried out, it is necessary to install fences that have a protective function.
The ascent and descent of people is carried out using stairs. Workers must be familiar with the plan and the maximum permissible loads.
Frame assembly plan
For example, let's consider the stages of assembly and installation of the most commonly used frame structures.
The assembled first elements are installed on wood supports. In this case, it is important to ensure that the supporting plane of the shoe is horizontal.
The first tier must be connected using elements fixed diagonally and horizontally.
Diagonal elements should be secured in a checkerboard pattern. During the installation of the flooring, free spaces are left that will be used as a hatch for moving between tiers.
The structure is secured to the wall using special elements.
Scaffolding is dismantled in the reverse order, observing the sequence and safety precautions.
To carry out the work, competent specialists must be involved. Only they can guarantee the quality of assembly and installation, as well as safety future design. You can contact our specialists who will help you choose scaffolding and install scaffolding at your site.
The installation and subsequent dismantling of scaffolding structures is the first item in the estimate calculations in the main section “general” construction works", subsection "external walls". The same item is added in the subsection “ facade works" From this it becomes clear that this design becomes necessary when people work at heights.
Installation of scaffolding is carried out in the following cases:
- external masonry of brick or block external walls;
- insulation of external walls from the facade side;
- installation of ventilated facades;
- carrying out wet processes on external walls (plaster);
- repair of facade surfaces;
- dismantling of structures.
Indeed, it is quite difficult, for example, to perform brickwork without such auxiliary elements, if its height has already reached the standard level and carry out further work while at entry level difficult.
The use of scaffolding is not limited to civil and industrial construction in urban areas. Installation of such structures is a widespread type of work in suburban construction. Photos of scaffolding often appear on construction websites when various companies advertise their activities.
Rules for installing scaffolding at a construction site
Often the customer requires a work permit for the installation of scaffolding to be submitted for approval. The document is developed on the basis of a concluded agreement provided by terms of reference, including the following data:
- a package of working documents for carrying out work on the facade;
- copies of passports with seals of suppliers and instructions for installing structures;
- design of the building facade in various sections (from different sides) with reference to scaffolding installation points.
- drawings showing the layout and dimensions of scaffolding, the procedure for attaching to the building with a breakdown of the nodes.
The PPR always clearly indicates what type of scaffolding will be used. Several types of such structures are known: clamps, “post-crossbars”, frame and wedge scaffolding.
The choice is based on pre-calculated loads, configuration and height of the building. Highest height forests reach sixty meters.
Types of scaffolding
Clamp scaffolding is considered to be inventory, lightweight, and collapsible. The main advantage is that they are a reusable design. Their average term service is about five years. The process of assembly and disassembly involves about sixty periods.
"Rack-transom" is the most famous design. It is used on simple facades, but unfortunately it is not suitable for complex ones.
Frame scaffolding has connections where there are horizontal and diagonal connections. The main advantage of this type is the speed of installation and dismantling of the structure.
Use of structures in various types of construction
Organizations involved in the construction various buildings and structures, prefer to rent forests. This is more profitable, since the supplier company not only delivers the structure to the site, but also installs it in the design position. Plus, every detail is strictly accountable and the number of main frame parts is verified at the time of loading and sending to the site.
The situation in suburban construction looks somewhat different. Due to the reduced amount of material required, repair and construction organizations prefer to have scaffolding at their complete disposal. Also, among other things, the organization must have assembly instructions and scaffolding drawings.
It's no secret that many country residents undertake construction on our own. And when it comes to outdoor work, then here they also have to use scaffolding.
Buying or renting them is not an option for a summer resident. The height of the house is not large enough to resort to such actions. Based on this, many are beginning to wonder how to make scaffolding. This way of posing the question is the most acceptable way out of the situation.
In most cases country option is wooden structure made from available materials. It is most often disposable. When doing façade work, it is better to install the structure on all sides at once to avoid transfer to a new location.
However, if the house is small and only one floor, then the scaffolding can easily be moved and installed to the next wall. As soon as construction work on the house is completed, the scaffolding is dismantled.
Here, the impossibility of further use of materials can be considered a minus, but due to the small volume of materials used wooden shields and bars, this is a small loss in funds.
Photo of scaffolding
Technological process of installation and installation of scaffolding different types can be divided into several important stages, such as:
- preparatory work;
- preparation of the workspace;
- assembly and installation of scaffolding;
- checking the reliability and quality of the installation.
Scaffolding assembly technology
Below we will look at each stage of the work in more detail.
Preparatory work
When installing scaffolding, it is necessary to take into account a number of important factors:
Checking the reliability and quality of the installation
- Wooden pads are installed on the selected site. It is necessary to ensure that all supporting surfaces of the frames of the entire structure are in a horizontal plane;
- Next is carried out construction installation frames of the first tiers and connecting them with diagonal and horizontal connections. At this stage, protective barriers are also installed;
- The second tier is being assembled. Diagonal connections must be installed strictly in a checkerboard pattern. During installation, crossbars are used, on which decking panels are placed;
- Next comes the installation of inclined ones;
- At this stage, the scaffolding is secured to;
- Repeating the previous three stages, gain the required height of the structure;
- On final stage all are being installed protective fences, as well as installation of facade mesh and installation of lightning protection.
Installation and installation of scaffolding is a responsible matter, and such work can only be entrusted to professionals. Today, the construction market sells different types of scaffolding and offers many services for installing them on your construction site. Smart specialists and extensive experience will guarantee you that the installation of scaffolding will be carried out reliably and efficiently, and the construction work carried out using them will be safe.
– a type of construction equipment used to carry out repair or construction work on the facade of a building. The forests received this name because of the frames they are made of. Vertical frames form metal carcass through horizontal and diagonal connections. Frame scaffolding is attached to the walls of buildings and is intended to organize the construction process at height.
Design features of frame scaffolding. The frames are connected by horizontal and diagonal connections. Like wedge scaffolding, frame scaffolding does not have small parts. This is certainly an advantage, because they will not get lost during transportation, and also greatly simplifies the installation process. In addition, there are no threaded connections, which also speeds up assembly.
Preparation for installation work
The installation of scaffolding must be carefully supervised by a responsible person. Before starting the installation process, it is imperative to carefully study the design of the scaffolding and the site itself where the work will be carried out. Next, you should draw up a scaffolding installation plan and list the components of the assembly kit. The parts of the construction kit are also accepted by the responsible person. During acceptance, a list of defective and damaged items is compiled.
Main stages of scaffolding installation
First stage. The site for scaffolding must be prepared.
First of all, drainage work must be carried out on the site. This will protect the structure from possible erosion of the base by rain or melt water. The next step should be leveling and compacting the area.
The prepared site must be fenced with protective structures to protect the forests from vehicles passing through the construction site.
After preparing the site, shoes are installed under the frame supports. The distance between supports depends on the length of the scaffolding span, but is usually 3 meters.
Second phase. We install 2 adjacent frames of the first tier. Then we connect them using diagonal and horizontal connections. We do the same at a given interval: we place 2 adjacent frames and connect the structure in the same way. We repeat the process until we reach the desired length. We place frames with fencing along the edges of the resulting structure.
Third stage. We are installing frames of the second tier. We connect them with diagonal and horizontal connections. Diagonal connections must be staggered.
In those spans where façade work will be carried out, it is necessary to assemble working decks. To do this, 2-3 crossbars are installed on adjacent frames (depending on the planned load), on which wooden or metal flooring is laid.
Fourth stage. In those places where it is planned to lift workers and materials between levels of scaffolding, it is necessary to install inclined stairs. In the place where the stairs adjoin the upper level, one flooring is removed. Stairs are installed in such an order that the hatches of adjacent levels are not located one below the other.
Fifth stage. The scaffolding structure is attached to the wall using anchors through brackets or clamps that are attached to the frame posts. Fastenings are made in a checkerboard pattern every 4 meters. Moreover, the scaffolding is fastened simultaneously with the installation itself!
Sixth stage. Thus, the last three stages must be repeated until the required height of the façade structure is reached.
Seventh stage. In those places where workers will be located (working tier), in the absence of diagonal ties, it is necessary to install longitudinal connections of the fences.
Scaffolding frames are placed plumb. Installation of frames and fastening of scaffolding to the wall is carried out in parallel. Laying of decking and installation of fencing connections should also be carried out at the same time.
Dismantling works can only be carried out after the decking has been cleared of building materials and work equipment. Before starting the dismantling process, the person in charge of the work must inspect the scaffolding, instruct the working personnel regarding the stages and methods of disassembly, and also familiarize the workers with safety measures.
Dismantling must be done from the top tier. The sequence of work is the reverse of the installation process.
Scope of application of scaffolding
This design finds its application in repair, restoration and finishing processes on the facades of buildings, and is also used for masonry and plastering works. Such scaffolding is intended for both large-scale and small-scale construction. repair work.
Most often, scaffolding is used for work with a linear facade, however, due to the various additional elements, are often used for more complex objects.
Facade work is usually the final stage full cycle construction. In the total time spent on construction, this stage occupies a small part. Renting scaffolding allows you to significantly optimize the costs of facade work, and also eliminates the problems associated with the storage and delivery of this equipment.