Do-it-yourself thermal insulation plaster for outdoor use. Facade work: use of warm plaster Insulated plaster

Recently, among the thermal insulation products in the construction industry, a new material has appeared, which has received the unofficial name warm plaster. In addition to the functions of protecting the walls of the building from environmental influences, the composition acts as a heat-insulating material, retaining energy inside the building.

Speaking about plastering walls, the question of the laboriousness of the work comes to mind, the need to attract specialists with experience and qualifications, but with the classical application of a sand-cement mixture on the walls, the problem of wall insulation is not solved. With thermal insulation or "warm" plaster, one problem during construction will be less.

When insulating, warm plaster is used for the facade and interior work. It is highly energy efficient, but remains an inexpensive building material.

Material composition

For the manufacture of traditional plasters, cement, sand, water, and, if necessary, mineral additives are used to add strength or frost resistance to the final product.

Heat-insulating plaster has the properties of both insulation and cement mixture.

This effect is achieved by applying a special recipe to the production of material. The most common substances that are used to dilute a material to improve its energy-efficient properties of steel are:

expanded vermiculite;
sawdust;
expanded clay granulated crumbs;
crushed pumice;
granular polystyrene foam.

Manufacturers and prices

The production technology of the material appeared not so long ago, but there is already competition among manufacturers. Nowadays the most famous is the heat-insulating plaster of three brands: "Mishka" or "Warmix", "Umka" and "Knauf". Below is a description of each of them.

Heat-insulating mixture "Umka". Popular material in recent years. It has won fame as a product suitable for interior decoration work. The basis of "Umka" is granulated silicon balls. It has vapor barrier properties, does not absorb moisture, absorbs sound waves, and is an excellent thermal insulator. Silicon balls are odorless and harmless to human health. In addition to increased thermal insulation properties due to granular ceramic balls, the plaster composition acquires increased strength with a lighter specific gravity. The application of such a mixture on the surface of the walls does not require additional processing with soil compounds or the installation of a reinforcing mesh. In the construction markets "Umka" is sold at a price of 100 rubles per 1 kg.

Warm plaster "Bear" or "Warmix". Someone confuses these two materials, but they have one manufacturer who has rebranded the brand. Like the previous insulation, "Bear" in its untreated form is a dry mixture, which is diluted with water in the required proportions before being applied to the surface. The finished composition has high adhesion properties to any surfaces, which eliminates the need for treating the walls with primers. It is an excellent sound and vapor barrier material. "Mishka" possesses the positive properties of a competitor and is used as a heat-insulating plaster for outdoor use. The price in the store per kilogram of "Bears" starts from 120 rubles per kilogram.

Thermal insulating composition "Knauf". Manufacturers have taken care of the versatility of the final product. Knauf can be applied to any type of surface. Even floor slabs are insulated and plastered with a mixture. Due to the fact that the plaster composition is applied both manually and using machine mechanisms, a person has the opportunity to save time during the production of work.

On the construction market by the manufacturer, the mixture is presented in a wide range of products, each of which is designed for specific tasks. By adding additives during production, the tasks of endowing the final product with the properties of frost resistance, moisture resistance, or other others are solved.

Exposure to negative temperatures during the operation of a building does not adversely affect its chemical or physical properties. Initially, the material is provided with high strength parameters, which gives additional protection to the capital structures of the building.

Types of warm plaster

Technically, the material has the properties it needs due to the addition of insulating materials to the base. There are three types of mixtures in composition.

Vermiculite based plaster. This additive is produced by thermal treatment of vermiculite rock. Expanded vermiculite has antiseptic properties, protecting wall coatings from the formation of harmful fungal formations. This lightweight mineral filler is added to ready-made dry mixes, making it suitable for façade and interior applications.
Plaster mix containing expanded polystyrene granules. The content of expanded polystyrene makes the plaster excellent thermal insulation. In addition to this insulating material, the composition includes cement, lime, special additives and fillers. It is suitable for use as a warm plaster for exterior and interior construction work.
Another type of this thermal insulation mixture is called "sawdust" , since, in addition to cement, sawdust, clay, paper are added to it. Due to the content of additional components, thermal insulation plaster for interior work is used for thermal insulation. Such a warm plaster for external work on the outside of the wall is not resistant to constant exposure to moisture. However, it is also suitable for interior work. When insulating walls with such a composition, keep in mind that during the period of solidification of the solution, it is necessary to ensure constant ventilation of the room. The "sawdust" solution is applied to brick and wooden walls. Setting time is about two weeks. If at the same time you do not ventilate the room, then as a result, the surface of the finish will be covered with mold or mildew.

Heat-insulating cement plaster Knauf Grunband

Warm plaster Knauf Grunband deserves special attention. The Knauf product line itself is well known, but among them there are the most popular. Fractional components are not more than 1.5 mm in diameter. Application is carried out in two ways: manually and using electrical equipment.

This mixture is also used in addition to performing the basic functionality. It also helps to solve other problems, such as:

Application of a waterproofing coating on the walls of facades, basements, sanitary rooms and other rooms with high humidity.
Strengthening the surface of the facades. The high characteristics of the Knauf Grünband mixture in the field of resistance to physical stress make it possible to protect the walls from the effects of external conditions associated with the natural shrinkage processes of the soils under the building. As a result, no cracks form on the surface.
Decorative tasks. The structure makes it possible, by simple manipulations, to turn the plaster layer into a finishing decorative element for wall decoration. As a result, no additional painting work is required, except for the final surface painting.

Knauf Grunband is sold in retail outlets in containers of 25 kilograms. One bag, when applied to a wall with a thickness of 1.5 cm, is enough to treat a surface with an area of 1-1.4 square meters. m.

Work progress

Insulating plaster is applied to the wall surfaces using traditional technology. Before starting work, the surface is cleaned of dust and flaking elements. Some types of warm plasters do not require priming, but for better adhesion, priming will not be superfluous.

Mixing of the solution is carried out in construction containers with a volume of at least 50 liters.

The package says how much liquid will need to be added to the mixture according to the technology. Some plasters harden in a short time, so you should carefully study the instructions from the manufacturer to avoid culling the material.

In order to save time, the execution of work is entrusted to experienced teams who have already made more than one object using this technology.

Plaster, suitable as insulation for the facade, is applied in the same way as that used indoors. When working with it, it is important to pay attention to the frost resistance properties of the material, its adhesion at subzero temperatures. In the process of plastering the facade with warm plaster with your own hands in winter, there is a risk that the solution will not grab onto the frozen wall surface. In the future, the layer will move away from the wall, and the material will have to be thrown away.

The material is applied to the walls in several layers. At the same time, each layer is not made thicker than 20 mm, and it can be applied no earlier than 4 hours after the previous one. For the production of work, experienced specialists use construction trowels in two sizes: wide and small. The quality of work is checked using two-meter rules with a level. This should be done 3 weeks after the end of the work. The deviation of the plane from the level, as a rule, should not exceed 1-3 mm.

Preparatory stage

Plastering for facade insulation will require more preparation before starting work than indoors. High-rise work requires strict adherence to safety measures, the use of only certified equipment and building structures to ensure the safety of work. Before starting work, the elements protruding from the body of the capital structure are removed from the surface of the outer walls. After the completion of the general construction work, the bricklayers do not remove the pieces of the dressing fittings. They are cut to avoid injury in the future.

Reinforcing layer works

When the planning and preparation phase is over, it is time to apply warm façade plaster. In modern realities, this stage often begins with disappointment, since it turns out that the differences on the treated walls are too great. Although mortars have great strength characteristics, sometimes this is not enough to do without using a reinforcing mesh as a supporting base.

The reinforcing layer is technologically designed to withstand loads from its own weight. Manufacturers report that their products do not require the provision of mesh reinforcement. In this matter, it is worth additionally monitoring the problem with obtaining expert advice, and then making the final decision whether to reinforce the base under the plaster layer.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

Warm plaster for interior construction work is not ideal. Like any product, it has its pros and cons. Below is a description of the positive and negative features for the general group of thermal insulation plaster mixes.

Positive traits:

no deformation changes over time, durability;
high strength;
absence of components harmful to health in raw materials;
resistance to low temperatures;
high adhesion properties;
the ability to apply to any type of surface;
in most cases it does not require a reinforcing layer.

The negative properties of the material include two points.

The thermal insulation properties of the material are lower than that of classic heaters. To ensure similar properties, it will be necessary to create a layer of solution 1.5-2 times thicker than with conventional thermal insulation.

Thermal insulation compound is rarely used as a top coat. After drying, it requires final processing with materials more suitable for this.

Mixture consumption

Plastering walls with the help of hired personnel can be accompanied by unnecessary material costs. The control over the production of the mixture by the builders is provided by calculations based on the data of the manufacturers of the thermal insulation material.

Consumption ranges from 10 to 18 kg per sq. meter. The consumption of warm plaster for outdoor use will be up to 25 kg per sq. meter, so a thicker layer must be applied to the outer walls.

The numbers may differ from manufacturer to manufacturer, but not significantly. The consumption will increase if the wall surface has too many irregularities, as well as due to the overspending of builders for scrap. It is worth paying attention to these points.

How to make warm plaster with your own hands

When it is not possible to purchase a ready-made mixture, then you should try to make it yourself. Do-it-yourself warm plaster is made in a simple way. It is important to note that for its manufacture it is not enough just to add granules of insulating raw materials to the cement-sand mixture. A special plasticizer is used.

To make the composition, you will need ordinary water, cement, insulating filler (vermiculite) and a plasticizer. PVA glue is used as a plasticizer. The ingredients are mixed in proportion: for one part of cement, four parts of filler. PVA glue is enough 50 grams per bucket of cement. Add water to the required consistency.

Plastering the surface of the walls with a self-made composition takes place in three stages:

The plasticizer is diluted in water.
A filler is added to the cement. The finished mixture is mixed until smooth.
The dry composition is diluted with a liquid, and the resulting solution is allowed to settle for 15 minutes.

After completing the preparatory work, the product is ready for use.

Over the past couple of decades, the requirements for building materials have greatly increased regarding their heat-conducting and insulating capabilities. The growing cost of thermal energy, for which the market price has to be paid, forces the thermal insulation to be re-insulated even for previously constructed buildings. We will talk about one such technology - heat-insulating plaster (or in a simple way - warm plaster) below.

Despite the fact that warm plaster is also used for interior work, it is most often used outside, which imposes a number of restrictions on this material. This information material will be devoted to the composition of the mixture, the nuances of its use, as well as specific brands on the market.

Insulating plaster - what is it?

Consider what warm plaster is. Everyone has long been accustomed to the fact that the classic plaster mix contains certain additives. As the latter, lime can be used (so that the walls do not get damp) or all kinds of polymer adhesives (for better adhesion) or even dyes. But what is a mixture for insulating plaster?

In fact, everything is very simple: a filler with a significantly lower thermal conductivity coefficient than that of a frozen cement mortar is added to the usual cement-sand mixture (which may also include other polymer components).

Such additives can be:

expanded vermiculite;

expanded clay;

crumbs of volcanic pumice;

sawdust;

expanded polystyrene granules.

In fact, warm plaster is the same classic one that has long been used for finishing buildings and structures, only with additional inexpensive "insulating" components.

Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters

New properties are added to the familiar material, and since it has long been worked out and is as cheap as possible, the use of such plaster for thermal insulation of buildings gives a considerable economic benefit. And this is the first essential advantage of heat-insulating plaster.

The second interesting quality of this material is that it is possible to use such plaster not only as insulation, but also as a normalizer of humidity in the room. Some components (for example, sawdust) are able to absorb excess moisture in the air and release them at a reduced concentration of humid vapors in the atmosphere. And, besides this, warm plaster is an excellent insulator from moisture, protecting capital structures from its effects.

Thirdly, the mixture for warm plaster can be easily made by yourself - for this you just need to have the necessary components on hand.

Let's list other useful properties of warm plasters in a short line:

wear resistance;

environmental friendliness and cleanliness;

resistance to temperature extremes;

due to its high adhesive properties, warm plaster can be applied to almost any surface;

the array forms a single, integral layer, which practically does not need.

However, to be completely objective, it is worth mentioning the disadvantages of thermal insulating plasters. In comparison with specialized insulating materials (for example, mineral wool), warm plaster, whatever it contains as an insulating component, loses by a noticeable margin. In order to provide the same level of insulation as a stone wool slab, the layer of warm plaster must be twice as thick.

This is why many people call warm plaster the "half solution". However, if we take into account its economic benefits and technological simplicity, then such a solution may often be quite enough.

Varieties in composition

There are 2 types of heat-insulating plaster mixes:

Warm cement plaster. This includes all of the above cement-containing mixtures with the specified additives.

Foamed plaster. A component is added to the cement-containing mixture that causes the formation of foam when interacting with water. The structure of the solution in this case will be similar both in the raw and in the frozen state. This type of plaster has significantly higher thermal insulation properties, however, it requires mandatory subsequent processing - painting, since a porous structure, like a sponge, is capable of effectively absorbing moisture.

Rating of the best manufacturers according to the criterion "price-quality"

Let's consider several main brands of mixtures for warm plasters:

UMKA® UB-21 TM

Here, ceramic silicon balls are used as heat insulating filler. Due to the porous structure of such a filler, warm Umka plaster provides not only low thermal conductivity and a high level of heat saving, but also high-quality sound insulation. In addition, an array of such plaster has a low specific weight, due to which it is firmly adhered to the surface of the capital structure even without a reinforcing mesh.

PALADIUM Palaplaster-207

The sand-cement mixture here contains a special component as a heat-insulating filler - foam glass - a porous but durable filler in the form of granules. It does not contribute to the absorption of moisture vapor from the air, is absolutely "indifferent" to fire, and most importantly, it provides increased heat and sound insulation of the surface of the capital structure.

De Luxe "TEPLOLUX"

The plaster mixture is intended for laying on a concrete base or on foam concrete blocks - it is to these surfaces that the composition demonstrates the maximum degree of adhesion. The mixture includes plaster insulation - 3-millimeter granules of the same foam concrete (so this property of this plaster mixture is quite understandable).

UNIS TEPLON

This is a variant of gypsum plaster. Gypsum itself is significantly less heat-conducting than a cement mass. However, to enhance the thermal insulation qualities, perlite (or volcanic glass) granules are added to this mixture.

HAGAst AuBenputzPerlit FS-402

This plaster mixture is based on cement, but also contains perlite, which allows achieving high sound and thermal insulation properties. The mixture is specially designed, mainly for the finishing of surfaces made of aerated and aerated concrete.

Knauf Grűnband

As an insulating filler, this plaster contains expanded polystyrene granules, with a fraction of no more than one and a half millimeters. In addition, the mixture contains polymer components that reduce the dispersion of the dried mass and prevent the contact of polystyrene granules with wet vapors contained in the atmosphere.

Where is plaster used for wall insulation?

Heat-insulating plaster can be used for finishing capital structures both indoors and outdoors. Let's consider some of the features of both formats of its use.

Internal work

For finishing the interior surfaces in a building, as a rule, a not too thick layer of plaster is applied. And the point is not at all about the desire to save the useful volume of the premises, just the plaster for insulating the walls from the inside will prevent the penetration of the internal heat of the house into the walls themselves.

Here the so-called dew point matters, namely, its exact location. Where on the wall of the building does the temperature drop so much that the moisture in the air condenses? Obviously, if a given point (or rather, a whole plane) is inside the massif of the main wall, then this will lead to its erosion - the water is extremely dispersed, and its vapors are able to penetrate into all the pores and microcracks of concrete and cement massifs. These vapors should not be allowed to turn into liquid (and then, possibly, freeze) directly inside the wall.

Previously, this was achieved by excessive heating of houses, associated with large losses of energy (houses, like giant air heaters, heated the street). Now the consumption of heat has significantly decreased, and the plaster on the insulation of the inner walls is able to leave the outer layers of concrete massifs "unarmed" before being exposed to cold and moisture. Warm plaster is used to insulate walls from the inside, but mainly with the aim of creating sound insulation of premises. Moreover, its layer should not exceed 30-35 mm.

For example, in Sweden, at the legislative level, there is a ban on the insulation of residential buildings from the inside (on the scale of private apartments).

Outdoor

But for the decoration of facades, heat-insulating plaster is used very widely. Here, its layer, as a rule, is not less than 50 mm, and often reaches 100 mm.

In this regard, there are 2 main nuances:

Such an array of plaster must be laid on a reinforcing mesh.

Dried plaster on top must be painted to prevent the absorption of atmospheric moisture by heat-insulating, but dispersed granules and materials.

How to calculate the consumption of the mixture?

As a rule, each manufacturer on the package of the plaster mixture indicates the rate of its consumption in terms of 1 m2 of the surface to be finished. But if the mixture for plastering is prepared independently, one should keep in mind the average consumption rate (no matter what component composition we are talking about):

When diluted with water, 25 kilograms of the finished dry mixture should be enough to finish 1-1.4 m2 of the wall surface with a 15 mm layer of heat plaster.

Application technology

Laying a layer of warm plaster is no different from applying traditional plaster. The process consists of 3 parts.

Preparatory stage

At the very beginning, you should prepare the surface. It is necessary to clean it of any dirt, chips, peeling, to seal up all cracks with putty. It is not superfluous to apply a primer layer, which will increase the adhesion of the wall.

Preparation of the mixture

For mixing, each mixture requires its own amount of water - therefore it is strongly recommended to study the instructions (on the package) before opening it. In addition, some mixes have a quick crystallization period after wetting them with water, so you need to be clear about how much time you have for the entire plastering process.

The principle of applying building materials

The plastering material is applied to the wall in layers, not more than 20 mm thick each. In this case, each next layer is applied no earlier than 4 hours after laying the previous one (so that the latter has the opportunity to grab).

How to make warm plaster with your own hands?

One of the advantageous features of the material in question is that warm plaster for interior or exterior finishing work can be made by hand. Consider several options for preparing a mixture for thermal insulation plaster:

Plaster mix using perlite:

1 part cement;

1 part sand;

4-5 parts of perlite.

It is permissible to use PVA glue, but not more than 1% of the total volume.

Mixture using plasticizers:

1 part cement;

2 pieces of sand;

4 parts vermiculite (volcanic glass, which plays the role of a heat-insulating filler in the mixture);

50 gr. PVA glue on a bucket of cement (10 kg).

In both cases, water should be added until the desired consistency of the mixture is obtained.

When applying the plaster mixture, it is extremely important to observe the temperature regime. The composition of warm plaster, due to the presence of a significant amount of filler, is less adhesive than classic plaster.

And you need to pay attention:

the atmospheric temperature at which the work is carried out;

on the wall temperature;

on the temperature of the plaster mixture itself.

The ideal option would be if the temperature of the surface of the wall to be finished and the temperature of the ambient air coincide, and the temperature of the mixture will not exceed them by more than 10 ° C.

The mixture for warm plaster has a lower specific gravity than the composition of traditional plaster. Therefore, it is only necessary to use a reinforcing mesh if a relatively thick layer of this finishing coating (more than 40 mm) is laid. And if the wall is plastered without a grid, the applied mixture should be aligned relative to the pre-exposed beacons.

1177 10/06/2019 5 minutes
Warm plaster for outdoor use appeared on the modern market not so long ago. Today it is an innovative way of cladding, but at the same time it is already in great demand. And this is not surprising, since such a material has excellent thermal insulation properties, protects against the negative effects of bad weather, and also transforms the appearance of the facade.

Description

The excellent thermal insulation properties of warm plaster are related to its composition. In the role of filler, manufacturers do not use sand, but components that have low heat conductivity. It will also be interesting to know more about how styrofoam and plaster work.

The role of filler can be:

Styrofoam;

wood waste;

expanded vermiculite;

perlite sand;

expanded clay crumb;

pumice chips.

If you want to know more about how warm plaster is used for outdoor work, you should go to

In a hardware store, you can often see warm plaster for external work, which contains expanded polystyrene granules. Due to the universal filler, the mixture for facade insulation has unique properties. Thanks to the foamed polystyrene, it is possible to increase the thermal insulation qualities of the plaster and significantly reduce its price.

In the video, warm plaster for outdoor use:

It is possible to use the ready-made mixture not only for thermal insulation of external, but also of internal walls. When developing plaster, manufacturers use the following components:

lime;

cement;

plasticizers and much more.

To apply such plaster, you can use

Varieties of material

Today, plaster for external work is present in a wide range. Manufacturers produce material in the following forms:

Advantages and disadvantages

The popularity of warm plaster for outdoor use is so high due to its following advantages:

It is allowed to use the composition as an auxiliary heat-insulating layer. Due to such a component as clay, warm plaster has antiseptic properties. This prevents fungi from multiplying, repels insects and rodents.

Thanks to clay, which penetrates deeply into the structure of paper and wood, the material will become incombustible.

In the manufacture of the composition, waste is used, so that the material is environmentally friendly.

Due to the cold bridges, the thermal insulation qualities of the material increase.

Warm plaster fits perfectly on any surface, as it has excellent adhesive properties.

It is very easy and quick to apply the material.

When using the material in question, it is not necessary to carry out preparatory work to level the walls.

Thanks to the porous structure, the room has the ability to "breathe". Thus, favorable conditions are created in the house.

The plaster resists the negative effects of bad weather.

A layer of plaster 5 cm thick can replace 2 brick masonry.

Warm exterior plaster is capable of converting the heat that is emitted by the sun's rays. In addition, it distributes it over the entire surface.

Innovative grades of warm plaster are able to resist the effects of UV rays. Also, it does not age and cracks do not form.

This is an environmentally friendly material, because it does not contain chemical components.

On the video, do-it-yourself warm plaster for outdoor work:

Of course, warm plaster has its drawbacks, which include:

If the mixture is not based on expanded polystyrene, then it cannot be used as a final coating.

Compared to mineral wool, plaster has a high cost. To obtain the necessary thermal insulation, the plaster will have to be applied in a rather thick layer.

Due to its high density compared to other heat insulators, plaster needs a more powerful foundation, because the load on it increases.

Manufacturers and prices

Today, the range of warm plaster for outdoor use is quite wide. But you should trust the following manufacturers:

But what are the stencils for decorative plaster, you can see

Plaster intended for facade work must meet the criteria for quality, strength, durability.

Exterior plaster is popular precisely because of its high quality indicators.

In addition, facing materials of this type have a long service life, are produced in a wide range, and also withstand natural influences well.

There are different textured options ("", "lamb"), has a different composition (,), and also has certain functions (decorative, heat-insulating). To increase the thermal insulation of the walls, warm plaster is used.

The basis of this type of facade plaster is a dry mix, which includes various plasticizers, glue, cement sand. The main substance in the composition of this material is hollow substances (granular polystyrene foam, foam glass particles, sawdust), due to which the plaster has thermal insulation properties.

Plasticizers help to maintain the elasticity of the material and resistance to temperature extremes, and prevent cracking.

The polymers included in the mixture contribute to resistance to mechanical stress.

Insulation of the facade with a plaster mixture

Warm facade mixture is much lighter than conventional facing mixtures, but when several layers are applied, its weight increases significantly, therefore the foundation must be additionally reinforced... Like any other material, warm plaster has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Dignity

The main advantage of this facing material is its thermal insulation qualities. The composition helps to retain the heat of the walls and prevents cold air from entering the room.

In addition, warm plaster:

easy and quick to apply;

does not require the use of reinforcing mesh, which reduces costs;

does not require wall alignment;

has good adhesion properties to any surface;

cold bridges are not formed during coating;

prevents the appearance of rodents;

the main composition of the mixture is of natural origin;

frost-resistant;

has vapor-proof properties;

waterproof;

has soundproofing properties;

is an environmentally friendly material.

In addition, the facing mixture is durable and does not require any special maintenance. Thanks to insulation with such a composition, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the insulation.

Sectional device

Flaws

The main disadvantage of insulating plaster is additional design: after application, the surface should be primed and then decorative.

In addition, the total weight of the material after application is quite significant.

The cost of warm plaster, which does not require additional coating, is quite high.

Areas of application of warm plaster
Insulated plaster is used not only for decorating the facade of a building, it can also be used:

for the purpose of sealing cracks;

for insulation of building walls;

when sealing floor joints, as well as for warming floors and ceilings;

for the purpose of insulating the basement of the building;

when decorating window slopes, doorways;

for insulation of sewer risers of cold and hot water supply.

In addition, this mixture is used not only for outdoor decoration, but also for indoor work.

Types of warm plaster

Warm plaster is classified according to the composition of the mix. Thus, it is customary to divide the material into types:

with the content of granular polystyrene foam... Suitable option for facade and outdoor work;

with sawdust content... This type includes paper, cement, clay. It is advisable to use such a mixture for interior work;

containing vermiculite (or perlite)... This mixture has good antiseptic properties and is optimal for outdoor use.

If a binder in warm plaster is gypsum, then such a mixture is only suitable for interior work.

For outdoor (as well as for indoor) work, the most suitable mixture is the main component of which is cement.

Preparatory work
Before applying warm plaster to the walls, they should be prepared for work.

This requires:

remove protruding elements in the wall: pieces of reinforcement, brick or concrete protrusions;

if there was an old coating on the wall (paint, putty), it should be removed;

if there is insulating material or sand in the panel joints, everything must be cleaned;

if there are cracks in the wall, they must be sealed with a sealant;

degrease and clean the surface of the wall from dust;

treat the wall with a primer.

NOTE!

In order for the adhesion of the mortar to the base to be high, it is recommended to apply the mixture in a thin layer (3 to 5 mm) after the primer has dried.

Complete drying is achieved after 24 hours in dry weather, then you can start applying the main layers of the putty mixture.

Mixture consumption

The consumption of the facing mixture per 1 m² is indicated on the packaging of the material.

Depending on how thick the layer is laid, the amount of material required is determined:

with a layer thickness of 2.5 cm, the material consumption will be 10 - 14 kg per m²;

with a layer thickness of 5 cm, the material consumption will be 18 - 25 kg per m².

In addition to material consumption, you can determine its cost per 1 m².

The effectiveness of sound insulation is achieved with a warm layer thickness of 0.5 cm... However, thermal insulation mixture is more often used as insulation, and fibrous materials are recommended for sound suppression.

Do-it-yourself warm plaster technology
For facing work on the facade, you should choose warm, low wind, dry weather.

The solution should be mixed immediately before application: in the proportion indicated by the manufacturer, dissolve the dry mixture in a large container, mix for several minutes. Then wait about ten minutes and mix the composition again to obtain its homogeneity.

The prepared mixture retains its properties up to four o'clock.

Warm mix

The solution is applied as follows:

beacons should be installed at a distance of 50 cm to obtain an even layer;

it is advisable to first apply the solution with a small spatula, then with a large one. The mixture is applied from the bottom up. After covering a meter - one and a half walls, the applied solution should be aligned with the rule;

the surplus removed by the rule can be reused;

beacons should be removed after coating, the holes from them - to seal with a solution and level the surface.

Despite the plasticity of warm plaster, the thick layer may crack. The recommended layer thickness is two centimeters so that the mixture will not slide down. Each layer is applied on top of the completely dried previous one, therefore it will take a sufficient amount of time to complete the coating in several layers.

Reinforcement

If, nevertheless, the thickness of the first layer is 4 cm or more, it is necessary to consistently continue the work:

the first layer is covered with a reinforcing mesh two hours after its application;

apply the mixture in a thin layer on the arm net and profile with a notched trowel;

after 24-48 hours, apply the second layer of the solution in the same way as the first.

As practice shows, a layer of 5 centimeters is enough for the result to meet the requirements. This layer has thermal insulation and other properties inherent in this type of coating.

If the need arises, after the cladding has completely dried, it is decorated with additional materials(,). You can decorate the surface with ceramic tiles, granite chips and other decorative facing materials.

Before using them, the dried surface of warm plaster should be coated with a primer solution.

Alignment

Thus, warm plaster is not only an external coating that protects the facade, but also an additional heat-insulating material that can reliably insulate the walls of a building. At the same time, it is possible to reduce the cost of the layer of the main insulation, as well as decorate the walls with an additional decorative coating.

It will not be difficult to carry out work on applying warm plaster. In addition, this type of coating is well suited to any walls; it does not require additional leveling.

Useful video

Do-it-yourself warm plaster:

In contact with

Putting on a fur coat in winter, we do not forget about a sweater or a vest. Something similar happens with our houses, when instead of the usual decoration, heat-insulating plaster is used, from which it is cooler in the heat in the house, and warmer in the cold.
What is thermal insulation plaster
New building materials that fulfill a specific task are also being developed in the field of building decoration. The main purpose of using heat-insulating plaster is to provide thermal conductivity of no more than 0.175 W / m-K with a bulk density of up to 500 kg / m³. If this condition is not met, the material does not sufficiently insulate heat. Ideally, a plaster coating that retains heat should be analogous to the classical insulation of facades, that is, it should be sufficiently strong, durable, and fireproof. The developers were able to solve the problem by replacing the heat-conducting fillers with low-heat-conducting components. That is, sand and stone chips in gypsum or cement compositions were replaced:
swollen vermiculite;
foamed glass;
sawdust;
straw cutting;
perlite, etc.

The result is different types of warm plasters that meet the specified requirements, which differ in the area of use:
warm plaster for interior work;
heat-insulating facade (for outdoor use).

In addition, the compositions were modified, giving additional properties, as a result of which a heat and sound insulating plaster appeared. This type of finish serves both as an acoustic and heat-insulating screen.
Thermal insulating compounds are used both for rough work (leveling) and for finishing.
Another class of components are modifiers. They are added to increase the lifespan, increase the elasticity of the solution, and prevent cracks when drying out. Manufacturers use branded plasticizers when creating mixtures. When making a composition with your own hands, detergents or PVA glue, ready-made modifiers available in hardware stores, microfiber are added to it.
Advantages and disadvantages of warm plasters
In order to reduce heat leakage, various materials are used in construction: mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, etc. They are laid on the outside walls.
Compared to such home protection, warm formulations have the following advantages:
simple application that a beginner can handle;
the material is highly plastic, it can be used to close up hard-to-reach places of structures;
surface leveling is not required;
no special fastening is needed; to improve adhesion, wetting of the surface is practiced;
the use of mesh reinforcement not over the entire area, but at the corners and for repairing cracks;
high adhesion rate allows you to apply compounds even on a metal base;
the material is microporous, which makes it breathable, helping to dry the walls;
fire safety of most formulations;
an additional benefit - good sound insulation of the insulated room;
resistance to biological damage;
frost-resistant coating, not afraid of temperature fluctuations;
environmental friendliness;
use of waste for the production of plaster (reduction of the polluting load on nature);
does not crack from vibrations and does not change under the influence of UV light;
thin-layer application provides additional insulation when using mineral wool and other insulation.

Warm formulations have their disadvantages:
compositions are more expensive than insulation (taking into account the reduction in the cost of work and a decrease in the cost of related materials, for example, mesh, the cost is comparable);
the increased dead weight of the coating with the additional load from the absorbed water require a strong foundation;
a protective coating is necessary, since the porosity contributes to the rapid absorption of moisture (this minus is not available for compositions with foam glass and expanded polystyrene);
formulations with organic components (sawdust, straw) are limited in use (only indoors);
the layer of insulation is thick, therefore it dries for a long time;
some fillers are flammable (polystyrene).

Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster
To make such a calculation, use SNiP 23-02-2003.
Thermal conductivity of plaster - the ability of a material to conduct heat. If the temperature in the room is higher than the outside temperature, then when the heating is turned off, the heat "leaves" outside through the walls (35%) and other structures. The intensity of heat loss depends on the area, the thermal conductivity of the wall material, the difference in temperatures between the street and home, and other parameters. To quantitatively express the thermal conductivity of plaster coatings, λ is used - the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the plaster (how much it is able to conduct thermal radiation through an area of 1 m2, a layer 1 m thick with a difference of 1 ° C). For example, for plaster compositions, the value of the coefficient λ in descending order (W / (m * ° С)) is as follows:
cement with sand - 0.93;
cement-lime with sand - 0.87;
lime with sand - 0.81;
clay with sand - 0.69;
gypsum - 0.35;
clay with sawdust - 0.29;
gypsum with perlite - 0.23;
cement with perlite - 0.3.

The coefficient λ = 1 means that the heat loss will be 1 W for a wall thickness of 1 m.If this indicator is not 1 m, but 20 cm, then the heat loss will be 1: 0.2 = 5 W. If the temperature difference is not 1 ° C, but 6 ° C, then the losses will be higher: 5 x 6 = 30 W.
To determine the thermal resistance, the formula R = d / λ is used, where λ (taken from the table), d is the thickness of the material.
For example, thermal resistance (R) for a foam concrete wall with a thickness of d = 51 cm
R = 0.51 / 0.3 = 1.7 (m2 * ° K) / W.
From the table for the outer walls, take the standard value of their resistance to heat transfer for the desired region. For example, for Moscow it is equal to 3.28 (m2 * K) / W, which means that the calculated resistance of foam concrete in Moscow is not enough for the wall of a house. And for Sochi (1.79) too.
With a thickness d
R = d / λ or d = R * λ
Using this formula, we calculate d = Ra * λ = 1.58 * 0.23 = 0.363 m or 363 mm. A plaster coating of this thickness does not suit us, so the use of insulation would be optimal.
For Sochi d = (1.79-1.7) * 0.23 = 0.021 m or 21 mm. In this case, for the Sochi region, the thermal conductivity of plaster (gypsum-perlite) is quite sufficient.
Areas of application of warm plaster
Facade walls are not the only place where warm plaster is used for outdoor use. It is used to insulate plinths, floors and ceilings, close up cracks, insulate sewer risers, as well as water supply risers. In addition, they are used as insulation for garages and other auxiliary buildings.
According to the application, the following varieties are produced:
topcoat compositions
for rough finishing.

Varieties of heat-insulating mixtures for plastering
Thermal insulation compounds are classified by the type of binder: gypsum, cement, etc., as well as by the type of insulating filler.
Straw-based
The material used for a long time is insulating clay plaster with a straw section. The straw in the mud serves as a reinforcement and creates voids.
As a result, the plaster coating can be thicker without delamination or cracking. It is applied as a rough layer on the wall along the shingles by hand. The coating is breathable, absorbing excess moisture from the air and returning it when the room is dry. Before application, the walls are moistened or sprayed with a clay mash. The main disadvantage is the long drying time. The main plus is a favorable microclimate, low cost.
Sawdust based plaster
Sawdust has long been used to insulate housing. They were filled with rubble, ceilings. They were added to clay and lime mixtures for coating walls. Sawdust retains heat better than wooden beams, since the thermal conductivity coefficient of sawdust is 0.06 - 0.07 W / (m2 ° C), and that of wood - 0.18. In terms of heat retention, sawdust is much closer to foam.
Compositions with sawdust can have a different mineral base - clay, gypsum (Armenian plaster: 3 hours of gypsum, 1 hour of sawdust), cement and lime. The main application is indoors. Before mixing the composition, the sawdust is sieved through a sieve with a mesh diameter of 5 mm.
Polystyrene as filler
A variety of polystyrene - expanded polystyrene - is used for various purposes, for example, as a filler for anti-stress toys, upholstered furniture, and sleep pillows. The material is ultra-light (up to 98% air), does not absorb water, and is not food for microorganisms. It is used in cement screeds for insulating floors (1: 4: 4 - cement / polystyrene granules / sand), as well as a heat-insulating leveling layer (1: 3), laid under the screed.
Plaster mixes with polystyrene are used for work on facades and indoors. Produced on the basis of cement or cement with lime. Although they do not burn, they can release toxic substances when ignited.
Plaster mix with the addition of foamed glass
Small glass balls (up to 2 mm), which contain air bubbles that are not afraid of water, are perfect for use as a filler for warm facade plasters. Such compositions are easy to fit, retain heat well, and do not get wet.
Perlite-based vermiculite and expanded clay mixtures
When volcanic lava, solidified on the ground, comes into contact with water, obsidian hydroxide is formed - porous, rounded granules that look like pearls. Due to this, the hydroxide was named perlite. Granules have a high porosity, which reaches 40%, are capable of absorbing water 4 times more than they themselves weigh (hygroscopicity is a disadvantage of such mixtures). Expanded perlite is more often used for plastering composition (external and internal use).
The mineral group of hydromicas contains vermiculite, consisting of small layered scales of a brown-golden color. When heated, vermiculite swells and fills with air. They are used in lightweight concrete and warm plaster mixes. Has antiseptic properties. Perlite and vermiculite absorb odors and water well, therefore they need finishing plastering.
Expanded clay granules (crumbs) are produced by firing some low-melting types of clay. During firing, light, low heat conduction granules of various sizes are formed. For warm facade plaster, granules up to 5 mm in diameter are used.
Basic rules for applying warm plaster
To make a truly insulating plaster screen, you need to follow certain rules:
It is important to properly prepare the base.
To mix the dry mixture (SS), the amount of water is taken, following the instructions.
In a large container, the entire volume contained in the package is mixed with water, so it is guaranteed that there will be the required proportion of components in each portion.
SS is poured into the poured water, being careful not to dust. The mixture is stirred for 5 minutes with a mixer at slow speed (areas close to the sides and to the bottom are treated). Then let the solution “ripen” for 5 minutes and stir for another 2 - 3 minutes.
Work quickly, trying to work out all the solution before the end of its life. The mortar which has begun to set for application to the wall is not suitable.
Work is carried out at temperatures above + 5 ° C, below + 30 ° C. Drafts, direct exposure to sunlight and rain are not allowed. For facade work, a canopy is made.
De-energize sockets and switches before plastering.
Safety glasses are used to protect the eyes.
Used beacons are removed after application of the solution. You cannot leave them in the wall, as they serve as cold bridges.
The use of primers is necessary to ensure sufficient adhesion to hold the strong plaster on the wall.
The insulating layer should be no thicker than 25 mm. If a greater thickness is required, apply several layers intermittently for drying. The surface of the overlapping layers is not smoothed for better adhesion.

Making warm plaster with your own hands
Commercially available CCs are not cheap. There is an alternative. Craftsmen prefer to create warm plaster solutions with their own hands. All components can be purchased practically for free. Clay or lime can be used as a natural plasticizer. Liquid soap is also suitable, which is added at the rate of 2 - 3 spoons per 20 liters of the mixture. In the store, you can buy a hydrophobization agent (use according to the instructions).

We offer you several recipes for compositions for thermal insulation.
Recipe 1. Mix for facades:
Part 1 - cement from M400;
1 part - expanded polystyrene 1 - 3 mm;
3 parts perlite;
50 g - polypropylene fiber;
plasticizer (add according to the instructions).

The dry components are mixed and water is added so that the solution is of a paste-like consistency, does not drain from the trowel.
Recipe 2. Indoor mix:
1 part - white cement M400;
4 parts - filler (vermiculite or perlite);
50 g / bucket of cement - PVA glue or factory plasticizer (adhere to the proportion recommended by the manufacturer);
water.

Recipe 3. Thermal insulation from a perlite-sand mixture:
1 volumetric part of cement;
1 part sand;
4 parts perlite.

Recipe 4. Warm composition with sawdust and paper (for rooms and facades):
1 part - cement;
2 parts - paper pulp soaked in porridge;
3 parts - sawdust;
water.

Recipe 5. Lime-sawdust composition:
1 part sawdust;
10 - 15 parts of dry slaked lime;
Water.

Lime is a powerful biocidal agent that is not attacked by rodents, mold and mildew. Quicklime cannot be used with sawdust, as a lot of heat is generated during mixing. The solution has a short life, therefore it must be produced quickly. The dry components are mixed, then cement or other binder (if desired) is added. Water is added last.
Recipe 6. Clay with sawdust and straw (for walls):
1 hour - clay;
2h - sawdust (or sawdust with straw).

For ceilings and floors, the proportion is 1:10. The solution has no lifespan, since water is simply added if necessary.
Video about preparing and applying warm plaster

Preparatory work
The first step is to prepare the wall appropriately. The surface is cleaned of old peeling coating, dust-free and primed. They also neutralize oil stains, remove old wallpaper and paint layers. Disinfects foci of mold and decay. Cracks and potholes are repaired. Shingles are nailed to wooden surfaces, or a mesh is attached. Lighthouses are installed along a plumb line.
Do-it-yourself warm plaster technology
Finish coating
The wall is moistened with a spray bottle.
The mortar is applied in a layer up to 1 cm with a trowel or spatula, pressing the mortar mass against the wall to increase adhesion. This primary layer is not smoothed. With a large coating thickness, a recessed reinforcing mesh is applied to this layer.
The second and subsequent main layers (soil) are applied up to 2.5 cm thick. They are leveled (without trying to make them smooth) with a grater.
When the total thickness of the coating reaches 4 cm, a second reinforcing mesh is applied. The edges of the mesh canvases overlap with an overlap of 10 cm.
When filling the entire volume between the beacons, the surface of the upper layer is leveled by the rule.
After the upper layer has set, the beacons are removed, the remaining grooves are filled with a solution.
After the solutions have completely dried, a finishing finish is applied over the rough coating.

Mixture consumption
As a rule, the manufacturer on the package reports the average consumption of a centimeter layer of the composition per 1 m2. The consumption of the mixture is calculated based on the intended thickness of the plaster coating. The following flow rates correspond to standard volumes:
1m2 with a layer of 2.5 cm will need 10 - 14 kg;
the same square 5 cm thick will take 18 - 25 kg.

Reinforcing layer works
Reinforcing plaster layer is intended for internal reinforcement of a thick coating, applying it to the facade insulation, at the joints of layers with different shrinkage characteristics, as well as in the case of plastering a building before the end of its shrinkage. For example, a reinforcing layer is made where part of the wall is made of gas silicate blocks, and part of it is made of bricks. This area of the plaster coating must be reinforced without fail. It is carried out with a plastic or fiberglass mesh, which has sufficient strength and is not afraid of the internal alkaline environment of the insulating plaster coating. Reinforcement work is carried out inside the mortar. A layer of the mixture is applied on the ceilings and walls, then the mesh is laid out and recessed. On the walls of the facade on top of the insulation, the work on reinforcement is slightly different. First, the solution is applied with strokes, then the mesh is attached, and then they are plastered. They work with spatulas and polishers. When the layer is dry, the next one is applied on top of it in the usual way.
Manufacturers and prices
The list of companies and the thermal insulation mixtures they produce is long. Popular:
Umka UB-21 (Ecotermogroup company) is a warm plaster made of lime, cement, sand and foam glass for the northern regions, in need of finishing. It is applied with reinforcement up to 10 cm. Other insulation mixtures are UB-212, UF-2.

Cement Knauf Grűnband is made with expanded polystyrene. The admissible layer is up to 30 mm.
Unis Teplon has a gypsum-perlite composition that does not need finishing.
Au Benputz Perlit based on Portland cement with perlite filler. Finishing is indispensable.
Cement mixture Teplolux DeLuxe retains heat with the help of foam glass. It is also not a finish line.
Thermo Um is universal - used for facades and rooms. The mixture is hygroscopic.

The prices are different. On average, the price of 1 kg of dry mix is in the range of 11 - 21 rubles.

As practice shows, for the main areas of our country, heat-insulating plaster is not yet a panacea. However, its application allows not only to reduce heat loss, but also to reduce the noise level in rooms. For the southern regions, it is an excellent option for warming houses.