The scale is the ratio of the line (size) in the drawing to the line (size) in nature.
The scale in the drawing is indicated as a fraction, which shows the multiplicity of increase or decrease in natural dimensions when depicted in the drawing. Such a scale is called numerical.
All construction drawings are made on a reduced scale, since the elements shown in the drawing are much larger than a sheet of drawing paper. Plans and sections of buildings are reduced by 100 or 200 times, depending on the size of the building. General plan done on a scale of 1:500 or 1:1000, i.e., 500 or 1000 times smaller than the actual size of the site.
To find out the real size of any object or line shown in a drawing drawn on a scale of 1:100, you need to measure this line in centimeters and multiply by 100. For example, the measured line in the drawing is 2 cm. Knowing from the scale that the dimensions of the drawing reduced by 100 times, multiply 2 cm by 100 m and get 200 cm or 2 m. This means that the dimensions shown in the drawing by a line 2 cm long are equal to 2 m in kind.
Using a numerical scale creates some inconvenience, since every time you measure a line in a drawing, you have to make small calculations. It is much more convenient to use a linear scale, which allows you to determine from the drawing without calculation actual dimensions subject.
The linear scale is constructed as follows: a numerical scale of 1:100 is given, at which 1 cm in the drawing is equal to 1 m in kind. Several segments equal to 1 cm are laid on a horizontal line. From each division point, perpendiculars are restored to a straight line.
Above the first perpendicular (division) they put (counting from left to right) the number 1, above the second - 0. To the right of zero, all divisions are numbered with ordinal numbers, starting from one, and after the last division they put the letter "m" (meter), showing that one scale division equal to 1 cm corresponds in kind to 1 m.
The length of each division (in our example 1 cm) is called the base of the scale. The first division (from 1 to 0) is divided into 10 equal parts. Each division in the drawing will be equal to 1 mm, and in kind - a value 100 times larger, i.e. 100 mm, or 10 cm.
Using a linear scale is very easy. It is necessary to measure the line on the drawing with a compass and combine the ends of the compass with the scale. If the dimensions of the line in the drawing exactly match the main divisions of the scale, for example, from zero to the right to the third division, then the dimensions of this line in kind will be 3 m.
If the length of the measured line does not coincide with the main divisions of the scale, for example, more than three, but less than four main divisions, then by placing the leg of the compass in the third division, they look at what small division (to the left of zero) the other leg of the compass will align with. Suppose it is compatible with the fourth small division. Knowing that each small division is equal to 0.1 m, or 10 cm, the length of the measured line is 3.4 m, or 340 cm.
If it turns out that the length of the measured line does not exactly match the small divisions of the scale, for example, more than four, but less than five small divisions, the size of the line has to be determined only approximately, depending on the position of the leg of the compass in relation to adjacent small divisions, but this will be not exactly.
Thus, it can be seen that the constructed scale can measure lines with an accuracy of 10 cm.
"Handbook of the Assistant Sanitary Doctor
and assistant epidemiologist,
ed. corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
prof. N.N. Litvinova
To depict the Earth's surface on maps, cartographers had to solve a mathematical problem. It was necessary to reduce the image and determine which objects could be shown on a geographical map with a particular reduction.
Why is scale needed?
On old maps and plans, the real area is shown in a reduced form. But different areas are reduced in different ways. Therefore, according to old maps, you can determine the outlines of objects, but not their sizes. To measure the length of a river or the distance between cities, it is required to reduce the image of the area and all objects by a certain number of times. To do this, you need to use a scale.
Scale is the ratio of two numbers, such as 1:100 or 1:1000. The ratio shows how many times one number is greater than another. A scale of 1:100 means that the image is one hundred times smaller than the depicted object, and a scale of 1:1000 means that it is a thousand times smaller. How less number, showing a decrease, the larger the scale, and vice versa. Scale 1:100 is larger than scale 1:1000 and smaller than scale 1:50.
The scale on the plan, map, shows how many times the length of each line is reduced compared to its actual length on the ground. Using the scale, you can measure the distances between individual geographical objects and determine the size of the objects themselves.
How is scale recorded?
The scale on plans and maps is usually depicted in three types: numerical, named, linear.
Numerical scale written as a ratio of numbers: 1:100, 1:500, 1:100,000. On this scale, the first number is the distance in the image, and the second number is the real distance on the ground in the same units of measurement. At a scale of 1:100,000, a distance of 1 centimeter on the map corresponds to 100,000 centimeters on the ground. 100,000 centimeters is 1000 meters or 1 kilometer. The scale, expressed in the form of the words "1 kilometer in 1 centimeter", is called named scale.
Linear scale- a line divided into centimeter segments. The segments to the right of zero show what distance on the ground corresponds to 1 centimeter on a plan or map. The segment to the left of zero is divided into five smaller parts for greater measurement accuracy. By measuring the distance between objects using a measuring compass, you can apply it to a linear scale and get distances on the ground. Using a linear scale, determine the length of curved lines (coastline of the sea, river or road).
Image scale and details
Depending on the scale, the degree of detail of the image changes. The larger the scale, the more detailed the parts of the Earth with all geographical objects are depicted. But on large-scale images (1:200,000 and larger), only a small area fits earth's surface. On small-scale maps (smaller than 1:1000,000), where 1 centimeter corresponds to several thousand kilometers on the ground, even the entire surface of the Earth can be shown. However, the amount of detail and terrain detail here is low.
Often, for educational and practical purposes, you have to create plans and maps. varying degrees details and therefore scale.
Scale. Scale types
Geography. 7th grade
What is scale?
The scale shows how many times the distance on the map is less than the corresponding distance on the ground.
A scale of 1:10,000 (read one ten-thousandth) shows that each centimeter on the map corresponds to 10,000 centimeters on the ground.
What does scale mean
Scale types
What kind of scale is shown here? Which one is missing?
Write in 1 cm -
Since there are 100 centimeters in 1 meter, you need to remove two zeros
Since there are 1000 meters in 1 kilometer, you need to remove three more zeros (if possible)
Write the remaining number after the dash, indicate meters or kilometers
How to convert a numerical scale to a named one
|
in 1 cm - 5 m |
|||
|
in 1 cm - 200 m |
|||
|
in 1 cm - 30 km |
|||
Scale conversion from numerical to named
Check answers
in 1 cm - 5 m
in 1 cm - 15 m
in 1 cm - 500 m
in 1 cm - 2 km
in 1 cm - 30 km
in 1 cm - 600 km
in 1 cm - 15 km
Exercises. Convert scale from numerical to named
What does scale 1:100000 mean?
Yulia Andreychenko
Scale (German Maßstab, from Maß - measure, size and Stab - stick) - in general, the ratio of two linear dimensions. In many areas practical application scale is the ratio of the size of an image to the size of the object being depicted.
This is the degree of reduction in the horizontal location of terrain lines on the map.
Rodion Kalashnikov
This is the degree of reduction in the horizontal location of terrain lines on the map.
For example, a scale of 1:5,000 shows that 1 cm on the plan corresponds to 5,000 cm (50 m) on the ground.
For a scale of 1:10,000, the scale accuracy will be 1 m. On this scale, 1 cm on the plan corresponds to 10,000 cm (100 m) on the ground, 1 mm - 1,000 cm (10 m), 0.1 mm - 100 cm ( 1m) .
For a scale of 1:100000, the scale accuracy will be equal to 1 km, respectively.
Katya dupain-chen
The ratio of the length of the segment on the map to the length of the corresponding segment on the ground is called the SCALE of the map.
That's what scale is.
In the example we are considering, the scale of the map is 1:100,000. They say that the map is made on a scale of one hundred thousandth.
What does map scale mean?
Alice is wonderful
What is the map scale?
The scale of the map shows how many times the length of the line on the map is less than the corresponding length on the ground. It is expressed as a ratio of two numbers. For example, a scale of 1:50,000 means that all terrain lines are shown on the map with a reduction of 50,000 times, i.e. 1 cm on the map corresponds to 50,000 cm (or 500 m) on the ground.
The scale is indicated at the bottom of the map in numerical terms. The scale value is also indicated here - the distance in meters (or kilometers) on the ground, corresponding to one centimeter on the map. It is useful to remember the rule: if you cross out the last two zeros on the right side of the ratio, then the remaining number will show how many meters on the ground correspond to 1 cm on the map, that is, the scale value.
When comparing several scales, the larger one will be the one with the smaller number on the right side of the ratio. Assume that there are maps of 1:25,000, 1:50,000 and 1:100,000 scales for the same piece of terrain. Of these, the 1:25000 scale will be the largest, and the 1:100,000 scale will be the smallest.
The larger the scale of the map, the more detailed the terrain is shown on it. As the scale of the map decreases, the number of terrain details applied to it also decreases. So, when comparing images of the same area on maps of different scales, it is clear that on maps of scales 1:100,000 and 1:200,000 it was impossible to show lakes of insignificant size, field and some dirt roads, as well as others. local items and relief details shown on maps of scales 1:25000 and 1:50000.
map scale
Scale value
Map name
ten thousandth
twenty-five thousandth
fifty thousandth
hundred thousandth
two hundred thousandth
five hundred thousandth
millionth
The detail of the image of the area on topographic maps depends on its nature: what less details contains terrain, the more fully they are displayed on maps of smaller scales. So, for example, on a 1:200,000 scale map for a sparsely populated desert area, all separately located buildings, wells, dirt roads and even trails can be shown.
How to calculate scale?
Is there a formula for calculating scale?
The building is 50m high, I need the building to be 25cm in the layout.
What is the scale and how did you calculate?
The scale is the ratio of the length of a line on a plan or map to the corresponding projection of this line on the ground.
Scales on maps and plans can be represented numerically or graphically.
The numerical scale is written as a fraction, the numerator of which is one, and the denominator is the degree of projection reduction. For example, a scale of 1:5,000 shows that 1 cm on the plan corresponds to 5,000 cm (50 m) on the ground.
Larger is the scale with the smaller denominator. For example, a scale of 1:1,000 is larger than a scale of 1:25,000.
Graphic scales are divided into linear and transverse. A linear scale is a graphical scale in the form of a scale bar divided into equal parts. The transverse scale is a graphical scale in the form of a nomogram, the construction of which is based on the proportionality of segments of parallel straight lines intersecting the sides of an angle.
Scale accuracy is a segment of the horizontal line, corresponding to 0.1 mm on the plan. The value of 0.1 mm for determining the accuracy of the scale is adopted due to the fact that this is the minimum segment that a person can distinguish with the naked eye. For example, for a scale of 1:10,000, the scale accuracy will be 1 m. In this scale, 1 cm on the plan corresponds to 10,000 cm (100 m) on the ground, 1 mm - 1,000 cm (10 m), 0.1 mm - 100 cm (1 m) .
Don Quixote
If it concerns an object or thing, a model, etc., then we boldly divide the size of the prototype by the required scale,
For example:
The actual dimensions of the Heavy Tank Panzerkampfwagen VIII "Maus"
Length 9030 mm
length with gun 10200 mm
width 3670 mm
height 3660 mm
On a scale of 1:38, the size of the model will be:
Length 237mm or 23cm 7mm
length with cannon 268mm or 26cm 8mm
width 96 mm or 9 cm 6 mm
height 96 mm or 9 cm 6 mm
On any geographical map, you can see approximately the following inscription: "Scale 1: 100,000." Traditionally, the first number is 1, and the second can vary. If there is no inscription, then there is certainly a tiny ruler, divided into equal segments, or a nomogram. These signs indicate the ratio of the size of an object on a map or plan to its actual size.
You will need
- Roulette or compasses
- Ruler
Instruction
1. If you have a plan on which different objects are fairly accurately plotted, and you need to find out at what scale this plan was made, start with measurements. Select an object, one that is nearby. Measure it on the plan and write down the results.
2. Measure the actual object. Use a tape measure for this. In order to avoid mistakes, make a peg and hook a tape measure loop on it. Drive a peg into the ground so that zero mark the tape measure turned out to be on the tier of the starting point of the length or width of the object.
3. Determine the scale. It is more convenient for everyone to write it down in numbers. Write down the size of the object on the plan, after that - the one that turned out when measured on the territory. Let's say you have a barn 5 meters long on the plan occupies 2.5 cm. Convert meters to centimeters. That is, it turns out that you have 500 cm in 2.5 cm. Calculate how many centimeters of territory are contained in 1 cm on the plan. For this more divide by less. It turns out 2.5:500 = 1:200, that is, 1 cm on the plan corresponds to 2 m on the territory.
4. In order to determine the scale more correctly, take several measurements. Let's say measure the barn on the site and the distance from the gate to the pond. The plans are different, and the dimensions of one or another object can be applied unsatisfactorily correctly. If there are discrepancies, make another frosted. The image of the object, the one that does not correspond to the other two, correct on the plan.
Scale is a numerical designation of parameters related to real objects that are unthinkable to depict in natural size. The figure applies their layouts.
Instruction
1. The scale is written in several ways, say, numerically - 1: 1000000. The size ratio can also be indicated in this form: 1 cm 10 km is a named scale. The linear display method is shown by a ticked line.
2. When considering scale in relation to cartography, the appearance of a particular map will depend on the ratios used. The larger it is, the more detailed the area will be depicted. The detail is also influenced by the nature of the territory, sparsely inhabited, say, easier to portray. Maps are large, medium and small scale. Large-scale maps are when 1 cm is from 100 to 2000 meters, medium-scale maps are 1 cm to 10 km, small-scale maps are 1 cm more than 10 km.
3. Scale matters in photography as well. With the help of lenses, photographers change the size from hefty small to hefty large. The methodology of the metamorphosis of scale depends on the specifics of the surveys. If these are small objects, say, insects, the scale increases, if they are huge, it decreases.
4. The representation is also used in many sciences. In mathematics it is the ratio of numbers, in programming it is the scale of time, in astronomy it is the scale of the universe. The meaning of the word is also used in the construction industry.
5. Firms are distinguished by the scale of their activities. There are, say, territorial organizations, but there are also federal tiers. Different in scale and people. True, not from a physical point of view, there is a psychological representation of the “scale of the figure”. This refers to human qualities, goals and results of activities.
Related videos
Note!
The size of a reduced object is relative to its natural size. The distance between objects can be changed by several centimeters, meters, kilometers. The scale of reality changes a lot, but all parameters must remain proportional. If proportions are not observed, it will be unthinkable to analyze the distances and sizes of objects.
With the need to present the real dimensions of the object depicted in the drawing, a person is faced more closely at school. In a drawing lesson, it may be necessary to draw a detail on a scale of 1:2 or 1:4, in a geography lesson - to calculate the exact distance between two cities. In order to cope with the task, you need to know how the scale is translated.
You will need
- - geographic map;
- – detail drawing;
- - calculator;
- - drawing accessories.
Instruction
1. If you need to draw details on a 1:1 scale, this means that 1 cm of the surface will correspond to 1 cm in the drawing. Measure the surface you want to depict and draw it on paper at natural size.
2. Other scales are also used in drawing. 1:2 means that the detail in the drawing should be half as large as in reality. If the scale is 1; 4, this means that 1 cm in the drawing is equal to 4 cm of the part. It also happens the other way around. It is possible to draw a completely small object, say, on a scale of 4:1, 10:1, etc. If you see a similar designation in front of you, it means that in the picture the object is four or ten times larger than it actually is.
3. In geography, scale conversion is also required. make out geographical map. In one of the lower corners, you will see either a ruler with numbers, or primitive numbers - say, 1:50,000. The numbers, finally, are larger than in the drawing, but the rule for translating them is exactly the same, that is, in the above example, 1 cm of the map 50,000 cm of the earth's surface is brought, that is, 500 m. This is a map of a relatively huge scale. Looking at the atlas of the world, you will see much more impressive figures.
4. Quite often it is necessary to scale not a linear measure, but a square one, that is, to determine how many square centimeters. To do this, measure the area you need by any comfortable method. Say, with palette support. In order to find out the real area of the territory, you need to convert the linear scale into a square one, that is, build the number of centimeters contained in 1 cm of the map into a square. Multiply the resulting number by the area of the plot shown on the map. This way you will know how much square meters occupies the territory you care about.
5. Occasionally there is a need to translate the scale of a three-dimensional object. For example, at a labor lesson, a teacher can give the task to make a part depicted in a technical drawing on a certain scale. You need to find out how much material this will require. The translation thesis will be the same. First, find out how many real centimeters this or that line in the drawing corresponds to. Determine the volume of the part from the drawing. This is a simple mathematical problem, the method of solving it depends on the shape of a particular part. The number that indicates the scale, cube, and then multiply by the volume of the part, calculated according to the drawing.
Useful advice
You can try to draw a simple plan on your own, setting yourself a certain scale. Let's say a 1:10 scale for a room plan would absolutely fit. Measure the length of the walls and large objects, determine their relative position and draw a plan in strict accordance with the data received.
Note!
The scale is greater than smaller denominator the fraction with which it is written. 1:100 is larger than 1:2,000. It is more comfortable to measure an object with an assistant. If there is no assistant, and there was no peg at hand, firmly press the tape measure against the wall of the object. It is more comfortable to measure everyone on the ground - say, on the bottom of the wall.