Bituminous mastic is used in construction, it is used as a waterproofing material. During manufacture, various additives are put into the mastic, which change the properties of the composition. In order to qualitatively prepare the composition, you first need to determine for what purposes it will be used.
The mastic has differences, which depend on the additives used in the manufacture of the composition.
Mastics differ in the peculiarity of use, the hot-looking material is heated to 160 degrees, and only then they begin to apply to the surface for waterproofing. When the temperature rises to this level, the bitumen becomes ductile and easy to apply.
Cold-looking formulations differ in application technology, the mastic is diluted with a special solvent, it does not need to be heated. After the material hardens, the solvent elements evaporate. Bitumen in liquid form must be smeared all at once, after opening, otherwise it will simply dry out.
Also, materials differ in the type of use, the compositions are one-component and two-component. The composition of the first type can be immediately applied to the surface after opening the container, but the material must be used all at once, otherwise it will harden and become unsuitable for further use. This type of mastic does not require any additives, it is immediately ready for application.
The composition of the two-component type must first be prepared, and then proceed to application, while the coating has the best qualities.
What additives are used to dilute bituminous mastic?
Before diluting the bitumen mastic, you need to determine what functions it should perform, so the material can be of the following types: bitumen-rubber, bitumen-polyurethane, bitumen-oil, bitumen-latex, and bitumen-rubber. These materials are based on bitumen, and as auxiliary elements, polymer additives are used, depending on which the properties of the mastic change.
Polyurethane and rubber additives make the composition more elastic, the mastic has the ability to stretch, while cracks and tears do not form.
Oily elements prevent the composition from hardening, with such mastics they protect pipes and other communications from moisture penetration. This material is not suitable for roofing work.
When crumb rubber is added, durable and reliable coatings are formed that have a long service life. Such a composition can be applied to any surface, it is resistant to vibration, stretching, and mechanical damage, and is capable of withstanding significant loads. This mastic can be used to protect the roof, wood and metal structures. It dries out throughout the day, and full strength is achieved in a week.
If rubber is added, then the composition can be used cold, it does not need to be heated, while the surface will be homogeneous and uniform.
How to dilute bituminous mastic?
The mastic is applied to the surface at temperatures from -10 to +50 degrees, at first it must be well stirred. To simplify the application, bitumen mastic can be diluted with a special organic solvent, such as toluene, gasoline or white spirit. Such solvents are used if the mastic is too thick and difficult to work with, the elements should be introduced gradually, while the composition is well mixed. The solvent in the mixture should not be more than 20 percent, otherwise the composition will be of poor quality. Such solvents are used to clean the working tools that were used to apply bitumen mastic.
How to apply bituminous mastic correctly?
A bituminous mastic is applied in two ways, manual and mechanical. When using a spray, the application is better. The first method is used if the surface is small. And sprayers are used to treat surfaces of significant sizes. This method of application is of higher quality, and makes it possible to close up hard-to-reach areas. Thus, the mastic is applied to the surface of the walls and roof. This composition includes crumb rubber, thanks to this, the mastic becomes elastic and durable, resistant to external influences.
First, the surface is cleaned of dirt and delamination, if any. All defects in the form of cracks and chips must be covered up, that is, everything must be leveled, then dried, and a primer must be applied in the form of a bituminous primer. It can be purchased or made by hand:
- Gasoline or engine oil is heated in a container, after which small pieces of bitumen are gradually added.
- Then the composition is heated to a temperature of 200 degrees, and is constantly mixed.
A bituminous mastic is applied using a spray gun, roller or brush, it depends on the volume of the surface to be coated. The composition is applied in strips that overlap, it should be no more than 10 centimeters. After the first application has dried, the second layer is applied. If the thickness of the mastic reaches 4 layers, then reinforcement using fiberglass mesh is required.
If the surface is wet, it will be difficult to work with the material. The mastic is well applied to dry and warm surfaces, using a hard brush or spray. The layer thickness should not be less than 2 millimeters. When working with mastic in the heat, it is applied in several thin layers.
When bubbles form, they are cut, dried, and filled with mastic using fiberglass.
Consumption of bituminous mastic
The amount of consumable mastic with the addition of crumb rubber and rubber will depend on the thickness of the layer and how many will be applied. For example, if you want to glue roofing material, then the consumption will be up to 800 g per m2.
If the material is used as insulation, then with a layer of 10 millimeters, it takes up to 18 kilograms per m2. With a latex additive, the material consumption will be up to 7 kilograms per m2.
The material consumption for surface insulation is not small, but the coating is of high quality. If the insulation is carried out in one layer, for example, for basements, foundations and other structures, then the consumption of mastic with latex will be up to 7 kilograms per m2. For roof processing, usually up to 4 layers are made, while a special reinforcing mesh is used. When using mastic with the addition of oils, the consumption is up to 1.5 kilograms, if two layers are applied, then up to 3.
Bituminous mastic is used for various purposes: roofing surface, roof repair, filling seams and joints, protection and waterproofing of various surfaces.
In order to dilute the bituminous mastic, solvent, toluene, gasoline, white spirit are used, in extreme cases, kerosene can be used. Some formulations may be thinned with regular or used oil. Before diluting the composition, it must be warmed up. This surface will take slightly longer to dry than without thinning.
Bituminous mastics can contain various additives that change the properties of the composition, for example, crumb rubber or rubber contribute to the elasticity of the material, it does not lend itself to cracks and damage during stretching. If the bituminous mastic is too thick, and the application is difficult, then the composition is diluted to the required consistency using organic solvents. The application of the material by a mechanical method is of better quality, since it allows the composition to lie evenly on the surface and to process hard-to-reach areas.
How and from what to cook bitumen to fill the roof of the garage, what proportions are needed?
A building material such as bitumen has been used for a very long time for pouring roofs. Perhaps the reason for the popularity of bitumen is its cheapness. But preferring it to other more expensive materials, do not forget that bitumen is short-lived. Particularly great danger for him is direct sunlight and rays, from which he begins to melt and flow. And in winter, from severe frosts, it cracks and from this there may be leaks in the roof of the garage.
But if you nevertheless decide to use such a building material as bitumen, then consider the process of preparing it for pouring.
In order to prepare about 10 kg of bituminous mastic, you will need:
- 8.5 kg of bitumen
- 1 kg of filler (it can be peat chips, asbestos, chalk sawdust, crushed mineral wool, etc.)
- 0.5 kg of used crankcase oil.
It is best to cook the bituminous mixture in a thick-walled boiler with a tightly closed lid. In thin-walled containers, bitumen can burn.
It is necessary to heat bitumen gradually over low heat.
The heating temperature of bitumen ranges from 160-200 degrees. Warm up for 1-3 hours, depending on the heating temperature, the higher it is, the less we heat the bitumen.
At temperatures above the specified maximum (220 and above), coke is formed in the bitumen, which significantly impairs the properties of bitumen (it can crack).
The surest sign of bitumen overheating is the appearance of green-yellow smoke and bubbles.
Boil the bitumen until smooth and a glossy surface.
After that, remove it from the heat and add filler and crankcase oil in small portions. And immediately we begin to carefully fill the roof of the garage with hot bitumen, which by this time must be thoroughly cleaned of all kinds of contamination, dried and prepared for pouring.
How to dissolve bitumen - we act carefully and accurately
When applying bitumen, we use kvatch or we apply bitumen in bulk.
Then roofing material is glued to the hot bitumen in order to further prevent overheating of the bitumen in the sun.
You can cook bitumen for pouring roofs yourself on a fire, take a barrel or a large saucepan (since you usually need a lot of bitumen), take 10 kg of resin, a liter of mining (motor oil, can be purchased at a service station) and a kilogram of construction chalk.
We put bricks on the edge, on it a container, in a container of resin (put about a couple of kilos, and then when melting, wake up to put the rest), light a fire under the container, using small chips (try to keep the fire small so that the resin melts and does not boil around straightened pieces.
As soon as the resin melts a little bit, pour in the chalk and pour in the working off, stir thoroughly - everything is ready, you can tar the roof and glue the roofing material.
When cooled, the prepared bitumen will solidify in the container, it can be reheated and used.
Pouring the roof with bitumen is a necessary thing and this work needs to be done so that later you do not return to it for a long time, so that there are no leaks. And this is done just the old fashioned way, if I may say so. We take a large old container - for example, an iron barrel, throw pieces of bitumen into it (make the pieces smaller), put it on a tripod and set fire to a blowtorch, let the bitumen melt completely. Then we add mining to the bitumen (this is used engine oil), stir thoroughly and then chalk and stir it too. The proportions are as follows: 10 kg. bitumen; ! liter of working off; 1 kg of chalk.
More questions on your topic:
leave a comment
Builder's Dictionary :: Repair Questions :: Calculators :: Special Equipment :: Miscellaneous
2006 - 2017 © user agreement :: contact with the site administration [email protected]
Diy bituminous mastic for waterproofing the foundation
Cooking mastic and primer
Mastic is a versatile waterproofing material widely used during construction work. This material is a product of bitumen remelting, devoid of such disadvantages of bitumen as brittleness in frost and excessive fluidity in extreme heat. The mastic has a rather viscous consistency, so that it can be applied to vertical surfaces in a fairly thin layer. Over time, this layer does not float.
DIY mastic
To make the mastic yourself, you will need:
- pieces of pure bitumen,
- fillers,
- plasticizers.
Let's say you want to get 10 kilograms of ready-made mixture. Then take pure bitumen 8.5 kg, filler 1 kg (forest moss or sawdust, peat, mineral wool, rubber chips, asbestos), plasticizer 0.5 kg (waste oil). Mastic is best cooked in special boilers equipped with thick (at least 3mm) walls and a lid. Such walls will evenly distribute heat so that the bitumen does not burn.
Cooking rules
- The boiler can be loaded to a maximum of 70%. Otherwise, the mastic may spill out.
- The boiler must be installed not directly on the fire, but away from it on a support.
- It is best to keep the cooking temperature within 190C. At higher temperatures, bitumen can decompose.
- Try not to allow temperature changes - as a result, you will get a mastic that is homogeneous in composition. How do you know if the temperature is too high? Very simple. The first sign of overheating is the appearance of yellow-green bubbles.
Brewing process
- Before cooking, crush large pieces of bitumen into smaller pieces, clean them of dirt and sand.
- The whole process of smelting bitumen should be very slow, over about three hours.
- The filler must be crushed, dried and warmed up.
- Fillers and plasticizers should be introduced gradually.
- Stir the boiled mixture regularly (with a shovel), remove the foam from it.
- After the foam has subsided and the surface of the mixture is completely smooth, a plasticizer can be added.
- Then everything is mixed well again.
- That's it - the mastic is ready.
Shelf life
It is advisable to cook the mastic immediately before using it. It cannot be stored longer than 24 hours. During use, the mastic should be constantly hot (about 120 ° C).
DIY primer
It is not advisable to apply mastic on bare surfaces. The surfaces must be provided with good adhesion in advance, for which they are cleaned of debris and primed. The priming will provide a high level of durability of the applied mastic layer.
The composition of the primer is simple: a bitumen solution plus gasoline in a ratio of one to three.
Cooking process
- In order to prepare a primer, it is necessary to put hot (about 70 ° C) bitumen in gasoline.
- Bitumen is put in small portions and stirred until complete dissolution.
- To avoid the presence of solid inclusions, the primer can be filtered through a fine metal mesh.
Application
The primer should be applied in two coats (or three coats).
Wait 10-15 minutes before applying subsequent layers. Then the surfaces are covered with mastic.
Articles about walls in country houses
Is it possible to heat bitumen using a microwave field?
It turns out that there is such a way of heating bitumen and thickened oil products in tanks. It is usually used in railway transport and at washing stations for steaming tanks. In this case heating bitumen occurs with the help of a microwave field and directional radiation, the range of which ranges from 400 to 1000 MHz, as well as a number of other factors.
The device itself is mounted in a mini-hangar, which is installed on an overpass and has an output window. A manipulator is mounted on guides under the hangar roof, on the platform of which a microwave module with a blower is placed. The structure includes a waveguide path with a radiator and a screen cover with plates.
The peculiarity of the process is that the heating of bitumen and oil products is carried out not only with the help of directional radiation and the magnetic field of the microwave module, but also with the heated air flow that comes out of the blower. With the help of a manipulator, the screen cover is lowered to the neck of the tank, where it is attached accordingly.
After that, the heating process itself begins.
It takes anywhere from thirty minutes to two hours. The time depends on what was the initial temperature of the bitumen, as well as whether the tank discharge valve was warmed up before, which can also subsequently slow down the subsequent discharge. At the same time, the heating of bitumen continues even after the start of its discharge, so that the material does not subsequently freeze, which is especially important at low temperatures.
The efficiency of this method of heating bitumen is quite high. As a result, the solidified substance turns into a fluid one, and more than 98-99% of the bitumen located there can be drained from the tank. This is especially true for large containers such as tank RVS 3000... What happens to the others? As shown by the practical application of the installation, at negative temperatures, a thin layer of bitumen located near the walls of the tank does not fall under the radiation field and practically does not warm up.
Do-it-yourself foundation waterproofing
This is confirmed by the cold outer walls of the tank even after several hours of operation of the microwave module.
Attempts to somehow rectify the situation by moving the installation did not give results, and as a result, several percent of the bitumen, with a similar method of heating it, is written off as waste.
But this is not the main drawback of the installation. Heating bitumen with the help of such a process is associated with a large consumption of electricity, even with a short time of operation of the microwave field. There are also a number of nuances. It is imperative to fit the screen tightly to the neck of the tank without allowing any holes. Their appearance can lead to field arcing, which is unsafe from the point of view of fire conditions. It is also not recommended to use the unit outdoors, due to the possible reaction of microwave radiation to atmospheric humidity. To warm up the tank and drain the bitumen, it is necessary to use a well-heated mini-hangar.
In general, this method of heating bitumen, patented several decades ago, has proven itself positively and has found its wide application in railway transport and when draining an oily substance from a tank.
News and Events
NOC supplies the domestic market of the Far East region with motor fuel within 45%. The supplies are made by the Khabarovsk Refinery with a refining volume of up to six million ...
For seismic exploration in the Volgograd region, two large tenders were announced for a total of 77.4 million rubles. The customers are Saratov companies. The coolest ...
The price of WTI oil is growing
World oil prices are traded in different directions. This is evidenced by the bidding data. Futures for Brent crude oil for August delivery fell by 0.09% - to $ 77.25 per barrel ...
Natural gas prices set in Sevastopol
The Department of Municipal Economy of the Government of Sevastopol approved the order “On setting retail prices for natural gas sold by a public joint-stock company for gas supply ...
For a week, gasoline in Tver has risen in price by almost a ruble
The cost of vehicle fuel continues to rise. Rosstat reports that by June 8, the average retail price of AI-92 gasoline increased compared to the data at the end ...
China has reduced oil imports to a minimum since February
China cut oil imports in May 2018 to the lowest level since February. The volume of imports decreased by 1.05% - to 39.05 million tons, or 9.23 million barrels per day (b / d) from the ...
Information
Physical properties of tar
Khabarovsk Refinery produces gasoline for the domestic market of the Russian Federation
DIA will look for oil and gas near Volgograd by the hands of Saratov companies
The price of WTI oil is growing
Tar price per kg
Khabarovsk Refinery produces gasoline for the domestic market of the Russian Federation
DIA will look for oil and gas near Volgograd by the hands of Saratov companies
The price of WTI oil is growing
IP Smirnov R.V.
Acceptance of used batteries in Kaliningrad, for how long can you return a battery + how to choose a battery + for a car + how to choose a battery + for a car + how to charge a car battery + to ...
Cryptonym
Production of corrugated board, Corrugated board, corrugated sheet, galvanized corrugated board, corrugated board H75, C8, C21, galvanized sheet, corrugated board for a fence, corrugated board for floors, corrugated board for hangars, H75 galvanized ...
The best offer for the purchase of grain crops: we will help you buy grain, buy barley, buy oats, buy lupine, buy vetch, buy hay ...
Buy metal
TRUSTMETALL
IE Belousov I.I.
I will buy cylinders, recipients, fire extinguishing modules, fire extinguishing systems in any quantity and condition, constantly, we always have the best price. We will buy used cylinders of any year of manufacture for various technical ...
Hydrocarbon based flushing waste
We will buy waste from washing or cleaning technological equipment based on hydrocarbons with a predominant content of diesel and gasoline fractions, preferably with delivery to Novosibirsk by railway or a ...
Heating oil, dark, fuel oil
Oil products from Standardoil: Alkylate - 44000 b / n (Ryazan) Straight, Nizhniy, octane 60, dense. 0, 74- 32000 b / n Dark furnace (oil), g.
Roof bitumen
Perm - 14850 b / n, density 0.9, flash 20, solidification -20 ...
We sell light heating oil 32 rubles / liter
LLC "SibirEnergoKomplekt" offers the supply of light heating oil at a price of 32, 00 rubles / liter. The fuel corresponds to the characteristics of diesel fuel K-5. Auto-loading in petrol tankers or railway tanks.
RIR TB-TO combustion blocks with indirect heating of the coolant
The manufacturing plant RIR-standart is a manufacturer of RIR furnace blocks / heat generators / heat exchangers. RIR TB-TO furnace blocks with indirect heating of the coolant exclude the possibility of ...
RIR TB-TO combustion blocks with indirect heating of the coolant
The manufacturing plant RIR-standart is a manufacturer of RIR furnace blocks / heat generators / heat exchangers. RIR TB-TO furnace blocks with indirect heating of the coolant exclude the possibility of ...
News and Events
Today in Volgograd opened Russia's first innovation center for the shipment of petroleum products by LLK-International (a subsidiary of OAO LUKOIL), VolgaPromExpert reports. ...
Today, a new terminal for shipment of bitumen products and lubricants was opened on the territory of the Volgograd Refinery (a 100% subsidiary of PJSC LUKOIL). ...
The material is planned to be supplied by the Kochenevsky oil refinery. At a meeting of the Ministry of Transport and Roads of the region, representatives of the plant and road ...
Gazprom neftekhim Salavat starts bitumen production under the new GOST
The new bitumen standard GOST 33133–2014 was approved by the Eurasian Economic Commission on December 29, 2015 among the lists of GOSTs. About the release of new bitumen & n ...
Production of bitumen with extended service life began in Prikamye
Lukoil-Permnefteorgsintez (100% subsidiary of PJSC Lukoil) has started production of BND 100/130 petroleum road bitumen, corresponding to the new standard GOST 33133 ...
Salavat bitumen is used for the construction of federal highways
The new bitumen standard GOST 33133-2014 was approved by the Eurasian Economic Commission on December 29, 2015 among the lists of GOSTs. The document toughened the requirements for low-temperature ...
Information
Buy packaged bitumen
An innovative center for the shipment of petroleum products was opened in Volgograd
LUKOIL built an innovative center for the shipment of oil products at the Volgograd Refinery
The Novosibirsk Region will use locally produced bitumen for road repair
Bitumen mgo 70 130
An innovative center for the shipment of petroleum products was opened in Volgograd
LUKOIL built an innovative center for the shipment of oil products at the Volgograd Refinery
The Novosibirsk Region will use locally produced bitumen for road repair
Directory of organizations and enterprises
LENSAKHAR
Production and distribution of packaged and lumpy, beetroot and lump sugar under the brands: Kuskov, Tradition, New Caprice, Svita, Confer.
Ural brick
Ural Brick LLC, a subsidiary of Ural Steel OJSC (OKHMK), has great potential and stability in production. Manufactured products: - Ceramic brick, red GOST 530-95 - Brick ...
Bitumen Ukraine
Russian Bitumen
Wholesale of petroleum products ...
LLP "PromStroyBitum"
PromStroyBitum LLP (Astana) is the official dealer of the Rukan plant (Pavlodar), which means that OUR PRICES DO NOT EXCEED THE PRICES OF THE MANUFACTURER FACTORY. Bitumen: - Road bitumen BND 60/90, B ...
On an ongoing basis, we sell road bitumen and fuel oil M100 production Mozyr. Road bitumen - FCA Korosten Fuel oil M100 - FCA Kropyvnytskyi ...
Offers for the purchase and sale of products
Oil road viscous bitumen BND 60/90, 70/100. From 20 tons Services for the delivery of cars by bitumen trucks.
We supply Road bitumen from 20 tn at a cost of 14,300 rubles / tn BND 60/90, 70/100, 90/130, 100/130, PBV, BN 90/10 manufactured by: Saratov Refinery, Ryazan Refinery, Syzran Refinery, Novokuibyshevsky Refinery, YAN ...
Sell asphalt concrete plant
Asphalt concrete plant
Asphalt mixing plant with a capacity of 160 tons - Bunkers of the feed unit 8 pcs - Burner for liquid fuel - Capacity for bitumen 5 pcs, 50 cubic meters each - Oil heating boiler - Storage bunker ...
Road bitumen BND 60/90 90/130 auto-filling.
Basement waterproofing technology with bitumen
We guarantee the quality passport upon request, the quality of the goods and the promptness of shipment! Delivery by our bitumen trucks is possible, as well as self-pickup. Also before ...
Mixers of the UMB "BITUM" series for PMB and BND of different brands
Paddle agitators. The drive part is a geared motor. The propellers are located on the shaft in two tiers. Designed for the production of polymer-bitumen binder (PBV-60, PBV-90, PBV-130), bitumen emulsions ...
ZBJ-8 Coal Dust Extruder New From China
Coal dust extruder ZBJ-8 Description The ZBJ-8 extruder is designed for the production of coal briquettes from coal dust using the "cold pressing" technology. The main raw materials for pressing are coal ...
Bituminous waterproofing is an effective protection against the destructive action of moisture in concrete, metal, wood and reinforced concrete structures. It is used for coating foundations, concrete floors, walls and ceilings of basements, interfloor ceilings, treatment of bathrooms, showers, etc. This prevents moisture from penetrating into the house through small pores and cracks, and ensures the durability of the structure.
Features of using bituminous waterproofing
For the processing of the main elements of the house, solid and liquefied bitumen, bitumen-rubber and bitumen-polymer waterproofing mastics are used. When working with solid materials, it is imperative to melt them. In this case, the question "how to dilute the bituminous mastic?" does not arise. During the smelting process, the bitumen is dewatered. In addition, the concrete base itself is thoroughly dried before applying waterproofing. Otherwise, there is a risk that when hot resin gets on the concrete surface, it will boil and bubbles will form under the insulating layer. This is hello to the fact that waterproofing will not clog cracks and pores in concrete.
Hot compounds can be applied with a wide brush or brush, with overlapping stripes of 10-15 cm. The only drawback of working with hot bitumen mastic is the high speed of solidification.
Liquefied waterproofing does not need constant heating. Before proceeding with the application, the bitumen mastic should be diluted with a solvent. Most often, low-octane motor gasoline acts as a solvent. The polymerization of the liquefied composition occurs after 24 hours after application, provided that the work is carried out in the open air. When choosing how to dilute bitumen mastic, it should be remembered that gasoline is a flammable substance, and its vapors are explosive. During waterproofing works, the possibility of an open fire should be excluded, smoking is strictly prohibited.
How to dilute bitumen-polymer mastic?
Bitumen-polymer waterproofing can be used at low temperatures. In addition, solvents can be added to them. When deciding what to dilute bituminous mastic, choose one of the options below:
- petrol
- White Spirit
- kerosene
You can also use gasoline "galosh", carefully monitoring the consistency of the mixture. Waterproofing is applied with a brush. Each subsequent layer is laid 24 hours after applying the previous one.
How to dilute the bituminous primer?
The use of this composition makes it possible to guarantee reliable adhesion of waterproofing materials to rough and porous surfaces. The primer is used for priming concrete, cement-sand screeds immediately before laying self-adhesive, weld-on roofing and waterproofing materials.
Bituminous primer is a solution of petroleum bitumen with a softening point above + 80 ° C in special organic solvents. This composition is characterized by fast drying and high penetrating power.
Before applying the bitumen primer, it must be diluted with a solvent (kerosene, nefras, gasoline) in a ratio of 1: 1 or 1: 1.5 by weight.
The composition should be applied without preheating using a nylon brush or brush. If necessary, it is allowed to create several layers of waterproofing.
Mastics can have different properties and characteristics - this is due to different additives in the mixture. Initially, bituminous and rubber-bituminous mastics are thick. And for effective use, they should be diluted. How to do it right? Let's see how to dilute bitumen mastic and how to prepare it.
Each material is classified according to its composition according to different criteria. So, the compositions are divided according to the conditions of use, as well as additives. Mastics also differ in technological features. They differ in their ability to operate at a certain temperature and conditions that ensure the process of hardening, softening. For example, hot compositions should be preheated to temperatures from 160 degrees and above. After that, you can use the finished product for insulation work. Cold mixtures are used differently. In this case, you will have to make a solution. How to dilute the rubber-bitumen mastic depends on the application method and other factors. Do not heat cold types of mastics. Solvents are highly volatile and will evaporate from the surface during curing.
According to the method of preparation, all compositions are divided into one- and two-component. Materials from the first group are prepared as simply as possible. The mass can be used immediately without the need to add any ingredients.
Two-component materials must be prepared, after which they are ready for use. How bituminous mastic can be diluted depends on where and how the insulation work will be performed.
What is used for breeding?
Depending on where the material will be applied, the proportions and density change. Otherwise, the composition simply will not be able to stay on the surface before it dries completely. Mastics are different, which means that the products for breeding will also be different.
Most often, materials are used to dilute:
- Car gasoline or kerosene.
- White Spirit.
- Gasoline "Galosha".
In most cases, low-octane gasolines are used as thinners. The process of polymerization of the dissolved composition takes 24 hours after application. This is provided that the work is done outdoors. 
When choosing how to dilute bitumen mastic, you should definitely remember that even low-octane gasolines are flammable liquids. Vapors of any fuel are flammable. In the process of waterproofing work, do not use open fire.
As for the proportions, they must correspond to the volume of the applied base. If you break them, then the mixture will dry more slowly or the fluidity of the solution will increase. As a result, adhesion will decrease or useful properties will be lost. In this case, the material will not carry protective functions.
How can rubber-bitumen mastic be diluted? There are other materials as well. This is turpentine, any kind of organic solvents. It is not recommended to use acetone or acetone-based liquids for these purposes. Some craftsmen dissolve mastic in diesel fuel. As a result, the mixture is not homogeneous. However, this solution fills all cracks and irregularities as efficiently as possible. If the mastic is liquid, it has better adhesion and good insulating properties.
Elastic and special additives in mastics
Gasoline, kerosene, white spirit are universal solvents. But when choosing how to dilute the rubber-bitumen mastic, the first step is to decide what characteristics are needed from the solution. Depending on the additives used in the composition, materials are divided into:
- Bituminous rubber.
- Bituminous polyurethane.
- Bituminous latex.
- Oil and rubber mixtures.
As you can see, bitumen is present in the composition of each material. But additives are different everywhere - hence the different properties. So, with the addition of polyurethane or rubber, additional elasticity can be obtained. This is essential for most insulation work. 
The result is a strong film that is difficult to break. The film is easily stretched 20 or more times, while it does not deform. One of the options for diluting the kachuko-bitumen mastic for the roof is motor gasoline.
Anti-corrosion bitumen mastic with oil
If you add oil to the composition, the resulting mixture will not harden. This is important for the processing of pipes and other metal underground utilities. With the addition of oily materials, a sticky, but not hard, film is obtained. It will not crack and will be able to maintain its integrity for a long time. This solution is not afraid of low and high temperatures. It is an ideal solution for treating heating systems. But it is not suitable for roofing work.
Roofing mastic additives
Experts, answering the question of how to dilute the bituminous mastic for the roof, recommend adding rubber crumb in addition to solvents. Such a coating will be strong and durable. And it can be applied to any type of surface. The material prepared in this way can withstand mechanical stress, shock and vibration. 
If you add rubber to the sucking, then you can prepare a cold mixture that does not require heating. In addition to high waterproofing properties, the material also acquires antiseptic characteristics along with high heat resistance.
Also, for roofing work, you can add to the mastic and liquid latex in the form of an emulsion. This is nothing more than synthetic rubber. The product is extremely easy to prepare and apply, and has excellent performance characteristics. The mixture is ideal for roofing work.
How to prepare the right solution
An important point in the process of preparing mastic is the method of applying it to the surface to be treated. The protective solution can be applied either manually or with the help of special equipment. The manual method of application is relevant when the amount of work is small. If it is required to apply the composition over a large area, then mechanized application methods are used. The method of mixing depends on how the mastic is applied. How to dilute rubber-bitumen mastic? Before you start preparing the mixture, you need to prepare the surface on which the composition will be applied. 
If delamination is observed on the coating, it should be thoroughly cleaned and then dried. After that, it is recommended to apply a layer of primer, which can interact with mastics. These primers are called bituminous primers. The primer is sold ready-made. But you can cook it yourself. Next, we will tell you exactly how.
How to prepare a primer
The use of a primer is a guarantee of reliable adhesion of waterproofing materials to porous and non-smooth surfaces. The composition is suitable for priming concrete substrates, cement-sand screeds. 
The primer is a solution of petroleum bitumen. The softening temperature of the material is 80 degrees or more. For those who do not know how to dilute bitumen mastic, experts recommend using organic solvents. What could it be? These are kerosene, nefras, gasoline. They are added in a ratio of 1 to 1 or 1 to 5 by weight of the base.
To make a primer, you need pure bitumen - several pieces are needed. Next, the bars are dissolved in gasoline or used engine oil. First, a solvent is poured into the prepared container - gasoline or mining. Next, the liquid is heated, and then crushed bitumen is added to the container. The solution is heated to temperatures from 190 to 200 degrees. During the heating process, you need to constantly stir the mass. Next, a container is prepared that can withstand high temperatures. Its volume is determined by the amount of solution. For small areas, a bucket will work. It will be enough for a few square meters.
Conclusion
So, we figured out how to dilute the bituminous mastic for the foundation. Construction specialists give different advice in the process of preparing insulation material. So, when using gasoline and diesel, lumps may appear. But you need to dilute so that the mixture is not excessively liquid - this entails a large consumption of mastic.
How to dilute bitumen in a private construction or renovation? As you can see, this issue is still relevant both in the construction of foundation protection and in the repair of old roofs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to understand it more closely, which we tried to do in this article.
- solid bitumen;
- liquefied bitumen;
- bitumen-rubber mastics;
- bitumen-polymer mastics.
How to melt lump bitumen
First, it freezes too quickly.
Secondly, it does not fill the pores too tightly - it is too viscous and dense.
Thirdly, very soon the layer begins to crack. Therefore, when working with bitumen, the following algorithm is usually followed:
It remains to add a couple of clarifications. Firstly, do not forget that bitumen is a combustible material and, if overheated or too intensely heated, it can flare up. It is useless to extinguish it with water; a tin lid should be kept close at hand to shut off the oxygen supply. You need to be especially careful after adding diesel fuel: in its pure form, bitumen ignites at 230 degrees, with a solvent, the flash point decreases significantly.
Liquefied bitumen
Bituminous mastics
When restoring a roof or basement insulation, the question often arises: how to dilute the bitumen? Roofs on new buildings are rarely poured with them, since now there are a lot of more attractive options for its insulation and covering. But on the old houses over the decades of their existence, such a layer of roofing material has accumulated that, apart from bitumen, there are practically no options for restoration (after all, it is sometimes not even possible to tear off multiple layers).
Dismantling of roofing felt "pies" is so laborious that people try to push it as far as possible into the future, especially if the building is not residential - a garage, a barn, a summer kitchen, an extension. And for the coating waterproofing of the foundation, bitumen still remains one of the most popular materials - cheap, quite reliable, available for independent use, even if the work is associated with hard physical labor and some danger in carrying out. True, if the goal is to get as reliable a foundation waterproofing as possible, it is better to glue waterproofing or the same roofing material on bitumen. Alone, the bitumen coating cracks rather quickly and begins to allow moisture to pass through.
How to dilute bitumen in a private construction or renovation? As you can see, this issue is still relevant both in the construction of foundation protection and in the repair of old roofs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to understand it more closely, which we tried to do in this article.
Features of bituminous processing
Gone are the days when bitumen existed in only one, solid, variety. Now there is a fairly wide variety of waterproofing materials of this type:
- solid bitumen;
- liquefied bitumen;
- bitumen-rubber mastics;
- bitumen-polymer mastics.
All solid variations need melting. It is impossible to dissolve bricks in any solvent. To some extent, bitumen will pass into it, however, it will be quite insignificant. Often, such a solution is used as a primer - a primer for bituminous waterproofing.
A primer is made as follows:
- The bitumen is split into small pieces. It is advisable to perform this operation in the shade - when heated in the sun, it becomes lethargic and reluctant to split.
- The fragments are immersed in diesel fuel or used oil. By volume - so that the solvent completely covers the pieces, but does not form a large layer above it.
- When the liquid has acquired the color of bitumen, it is ready to be used as a primer.
How to melt lump bitumen
If we consider solid bitumen as a waterproofing agent, then for use it is required to melt it. And this step cannot be avoided. Moreover, in its pure form, bitumen is not very suitable for application (and further existence with functioning).
First, it freezes too quickly.
Secondly, it does not fill the pores too tightly - it is too viscous and dense.
Thirdly, very soon the layer begins to crack. Therefore, when working with bitumen, the following algorithm is usually followed:
- The bitumen, broken into pieces, is melted in a metal barrel over a low fire. Moreover, the fire should be as slow as possible: with violent combustion in some places, the material already begins to coke from overheating, and in others it still remains solid.
- After melting, it is left on fire until foam stops appearing, that is, dehydration stops.
- A filler is poured into the container, for which the best choice is loose asbestos, but it is quite difficult to find it. So cement, chalk, gypsum (including alabaster), talc, ground clay and so on are usually taken. Purpose pursued: prevention of the formation of pores by the coating.
- When the filler is kneaded, a solvent is added - it will prevent the bitumen from hardening too quickly.
The approximate ratio of the components is as follows: half of the volume is bitumen, 30% is diesel fuel, the rest is fillers.
It remains to add a couple of clarifications.
Firstly, do not forget that bitumen is a combustible material and, if overheated or too intensely heated, it can flare up. It is useless to extinguish it with water; a tin lid should be kept close at hand to shut off the oxygen supply. You need to be especially careful after adding diesel fuel: in its pure form, bitumen ignites at 230 degrees, with a solvent, the flash point decreases significantly.
Second: many suggest using mining, gasoline or kerosene as a solvent.
If one can quite agree with the first option, then the last two are useless: the substances are very volatile and flammable. Most will evaporate before fulfilling the task of the solvent, the rest will increase flammability several times.
Liquefied bitumen
It just does not need to be heated, it is already in a consistency suitable for application. However, it can thicken over time. In this case, to dilute it, use:
- low octane gasoline. On the one hand, it is a cheaper and more accessible solvent, but the fire hazard is high, as is the volatility. The presence of open sources of fire (in particular, smoking) is unacceptable, and there is a risk of breathing in the vapors before poisoning;
white spirit is more expensive, but much safer. - The solvent should be added in small amounts, stirring constantly. Remember that it is lighter than bitumen and collects on the surface. If you accidentally poured it, you can wait for the delamination and just drain the excess
Bituminous mastics
The solvents remain the same regardless of whether the second component is rubber or polymers. Mastics are good because they can be used when it is already cold outside. Moreover, they do not need heating. However, at low temperatures the mastics become too viscous. Solvents are added to overcome their reaction to frost. You can use as them:
- gasoline - works great, but the disadvantages mentioned do not go anywhere;
- kerosene. It is desirable - aviation, with which problems may arise. Household is not clean enough and may deteriorate the quality of insulation. In addition, it, like the previous position, is flammable and volatile;
- White Spirit. The disadvantages are only the cost. Despite its relative cheapness, it is needed in large volumes, so it will cost a pretty penny;
- turpentine: liquefies mastic well, inexpensive, less volatile and flammable than gasoline and kerosene, but the smell is very characteristic;
- nefras, aka gasoline - "galosha";
- acetone, solvent, 646. The most suitable will be the solvent recommended for a particular type of mastic by its manufacturer. So before deciding how to dilute bitumen or mastic from it, read the manufacturer's recommendations.
Bitumen for foundation
The base of the house is subjected to constant destructive action from various environmental factors. Particularly active is the water that is contained in the soil and penetrates into it after precipitation. When constructing the base, additional protection must be provided against this influence. The most commonly used bitumen mastic.
Why do you need a coating waterproofing with bitumen
In its classical form, bituminous mastic is a mixture of several constituent components that reliably and tightly cement gaps in the base surface and prevent moisture from penetrating into the foundation structure.
The mastic hardens quickly due to the use of various solvents and other elements that ensure the effectiveness of the solution. With the help of mastic, it is possible to create highly efficient seamless surfaces. This is true for the roof and for the walls, and precisely for the foundation.
Purpose of bitumen
Before using the mastic, it is important to know how and how to dissolve the resin for painting the foundation. The effectiveness of the subsequent work of the protective layer depends on the correct combination of elements.
How to dilute bitumen mastic
To know exactly how to dilute the resin for painting the foundation, you need to understand what indicators you want to get. The proportions in which the constituent components are combined in the mastic determines not only the density, but also the performance characteristics of the solution. Among the substances used for dissolving mastic, the following are used:
Bitumen thinner
- Gasoline (kerosene).
- White Spirit.
- Gasoline-galoshes (Gasoline-solvent for the rubber industry).
Choosing the right substance and the amount of material that needs to be diluted with bitumen for the foundation means preparing the optimal material for processing the foundation.
What additives are used to dilute mastic
It is possible to add various types of fillers to the created solution. Therefore, the builder should decide what parameters he wants to get in the end.
Now the most popular types of mastic are the following:
- bitumen-rubber mastic,
- polyurethane,
- latex,
- oil, rubber.
If we take bitumen-rubber mastic, then at the basis of its composition there are directly bitumen and polymer.
Polyurethane and rubber in the solution form additional plasticity of the solution, in which the forming film is not only strong, but can stretch about 20 times.
Varieties of bitumen
The use of rubber for the preparation of a cold mixture allows you to create a material that does not require preparation before use. The mastic is applied evenly and is homogeneous and durable.
The addition of oil components helps prevent material hardening. Such compounds are necessary for waterproofing pipes and other structures that will be placed underground.
Cooking features
The process of making bituminous mastic is not difficult, you just need to choose the right ingredients and follow the basic rules of preparation.
To complete the work, the following elements are required:
- pieces of bitumen, cleaned from contamination;
- specially selected fillers,
- various plasticizers.
For example, to create waterproofing, you need to have about 10 kilograms of mastic. This will require approximately 8 kg of bitumen, 1 kg of filler and 500 grams of plasticizer.
For cooking mastic, strong boilers are selected with a wall thickness of 3 mm. There should also be a lid. Due to the heating of the walls, the bitumen heats up evenly.
The boiler must be loaded no more than 70% - otherwise the mastic may start to spill out. For cooking, the following rules should be strictly observed:
- The boiler does not fit over the fire, but is installed to the side.
- The temperature should be at 190 degrees, which does not lead to decomposition of the material.
- Temperature drops are unacceptable, which can lead to the formation of an inhomogeneous mass of mastic.
- For the fastest preparation of the mixture, it is necessary to divide the bitumen into small pieces.
- The mastic should be cooked slowly and evenly.
- Filler and additives should also be crushed.
- The addition of components is carried out gradually.
- The solution is regularly stirred and the forming foam is periodically removed.
- After the foam has disappeared, fillers can be added.
- After adding the resulting solution is thoroughly mixed - and the bitumen mastic is ready for use!
Now, after you have learned how to dilute bitumen mastic for the foundation and how to prepare it, you should know how to properly apply it to the surface.
How to apply bituminous mastic correctly
After preparing the mastic, it should be correctly applied to the surface. For this, 2 methods are used:
- Manual application.
- Mechanized application using special tools.
The manual method of work is optimal when doing a small amount of work. For a large area of work, manual technology is impractical, therefore mechanisms are used. Also, tools are used to work with hard-to-reach places.
Before applying, prepare the surface to be treated. The surface is cleaned and dried thoroughly. After that, a thin layer of primer is applied, which ensures interaction with the mastic.
After the mixture is ready and heated enough, you can proceed directly to the application. To do this, use a regular roller or brush - the choice of a specific tool depends on the nature of the surface, volume and complexity of the configuration of the foundation, wall or roof. Sometimes a wide spatula is used for application.
The layers of mastic are applied with an overlap, which should be about 10 centimeters. This prevents the formation of empty parts that would be exposed to moisture penetration.
The application of the next layer of mastic begins after the previous one has finally hardened.
The use of bitumen mastic for waterproofing the base is an important factor in protecting the structure and preventing the formation of microcracks and damage.
When restoring a roof or basement insulation, the question often arises: how to dilute the bitumen? Roofs on new buildings are rarely poured with them, since now there are a lot of more attractive options for its insulation and covering. But on the old houses over the decades of their existence, such a layer of roofing material has accumulated that, apart from bitumen, there are practically no options for restoration (after all, it is sometimes not even possible to tear off multiple layers).
Dismantling of roofing felt "pies" is so laborious that people try to push it as far as possible into the future, especially if the building is not residential - a garage, a barn, a summer kitchen, an extension. And for the coating waterproofing of the foundation, bitumen still remains one of the most popular materials - cheap, quite reliable, available for independent use, even if the work is associated with hard physical labor and some danger in carrying out. True, if the goal is to get as reliable a foundation waterproofing as possible, it is better to glue waterproofing or the same roofing material on bitumen. Alone, the bitumen coating cracks rather quickly and begins to allow moisture to pass through.
How to dilute bitumen in a private construction or renovation? As you can see, this issue is still relevant both in the construction of foundation protection and in the repair of old roofs. Therefore, it is worthwhile to understand it more closely, which we tried to do in this article.
Features of bituminous processing
Gone are the days when bitumen existed in only one, solid, variety. Now there is a fairly wide variety of waterproofing materials of this type:
- solid bitumen;
- liquefied bitumen;
- bitumen-rubber mastics;
- bitumen-polymer mastics.
A primer is made as follows:
- The bitumen is split into small pieces. It is advisable to perform this operation in the shade - when heated in the sun, it becomes lethargic and reluctant to split.
- The fragments are immersed in diesel fuel or used oil. By volume - so that the solvent completely covers the pieces, but does not form a large layer above it.
- When the liquid has acquired the color of bitumen, it is ready to be used as a primer.
How to melt lump bitumen
If we consider solid bitumen as a waterproofing agent, then for use it is required to melt it. And this step cannot be avoided. Moreover, in its pure form, bitumen is not very suitable for application (and further existence with functioning).
First, it freezes too quickly.
Secondly, it does not fill the pores too tightly - it is too viscous and dense.
Thirdly, very soon the layer begins to crack. Therefore, when working with bitumen, the following algorithm is usually followed:
- The bitumen, broken into pieces, is melted in a metal barrel over a low fire. Moreover, the fire should be as slow as possible: with violent combustion in some places, the material already begins to coke from overheating, and in others it still remains solid.
- After melting, it is left on fire until foam stops appearing, that is, dehydration stops.
- A filler is poured into the container, for which the best choice is loose asbestos, but it is quite difficult to find it. So cement, chalk, gypsum (including alabaster), talc, ground clay and so on are usually taken. Purpose pursued: prevention of the formation of pores by the coating.
- When the filler is kneaded, a solvent is added - it will prevent the bitumen from hardening too quickly.
The approximate ratio of the components is as follows: half of the volume is bitumen, 30% is diesel fuel, the rest is fillers.
It remains to add a couple of clarifications.... Firstly, do not forget that bitumen is a combustible material and, if overheated or too intensely heated, it can flare up. It is useless to extinguish it with water; a tin lid should be kept close at hand to shut off the oxygen supply. You need to be especially careful after adding diesel fuel: in its pure form, bitumen ignites at 230 degrees, with a solvent, the flash point decreases significantly.
Second: many suggest using mining, gasoline or kerosene as a solvent.
If one can quite agree with the first option, then the last two are useless: the substances are very volatile and flammable. Most will evaporate before fulfilling the task of the solvent, the rest will increase flammability several times.
Liquefied bitumen
It just does not need to be heated, it is already in a consistency suitable for application. However, it can thicken over time. In this case, to dilute it, use:
- low octane gasoline. On the one hand, it is a cheaper and more accessible solvent, but the fire hazard is high, as is the volatility. The presence of open sources of fire (in particular, smoking) is unacceptable, and there is a risk of breathing in the vapors before poisoning;
white spirit is more expensive, but much safer. - The solvent should be added in small amounts, stirring constantly. Remember that it is lighter than bitumen and collects on the surface. If you accidentally poured it, you can wait for the delamination and just drain the excess
Bituminous mastics
The solvents remain the same regardless of whether the second component is rubber or polymers. Mastics are good because they can be used when it is already cold outside. Moreover, they do not need heating. However, at low temperatures the mastics become too viscous. Solvents are added to overcome their reaction to frost. You can use as them:
- gasoline - works great, but the disadvantages mentioned do not go anywhere;
- kerosene. It is desirable - aviation, with which problems may arise. Household is not clean enough and may deteriorate the quality of insulation. In addition, it, like the previous position, is flammable and volatile;
- White Spirit. The disadvantages are only the cost. Despite its relative cheapness, it is needed in large volumes, so it will cost a pretty penny;
- turpentine: liquefies mastic well, inexpensive, less volatile and flammable than gasoline and kerosene, but the smell is very characteristic;
- nefras, aka gasoline - "galosha";
- acetone, solvent, 646. The most suitable will be the solvent recommended for a particular type of mastic by its manufacturer. So before deciding how to dilute bitumen or mastic from it, read the manufacturer's recommendations.
