Permissible slopes of sewer pipes. Sewerage slope in a private house - what should be

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When arranging a sewage disposal system in a private house, it is necessary to draw up a project, in the process of working on which, in addition to other parameters, it is determined what slope the sewer should have. The quality of the output of waste water from the building depends on this indicator. The calculation is done before the installation of the sewer system.

The angle of inclination of the sewer is taken into account when determining the place where a hole should be made in the wall of the building or its foundation. If it is calculated incorrectly, during installation work there may be inconvenience, which will entail additional financial costs.

The installation of a sewer system in accordance with SNiP is carried out on the basis of special tables that indicate the average values used when installing a central drain from all plumbing fixtures.

Determining the slope of sewer pipes

The sewer system is:

mixed;
separate.

The removal of waste fluid and sewage from private houses is carried out in the following ways:

under pressure;
by gravity.

The pressure option in suburban households is used extremely rarely, since it is expensive, it is difficult to equip it, and such a device is unreliable compared to gravity sewers. When deciding to equip a pressure pipeline, there is no need to calculate what the sewerage slope should be in a private house, since water moves along the line under pressure (more: "").

When making a calculation, you need to remember that the slope of the internal sewage system will differ from this indicator for the external and storm systems. The fact is that each of them moves a liquid that has a different composition. In this case, the external sewerage must be insulated.

SNiP 2.04.03-85 states that the size of the slope of the sewer is affected by the speed of movement of the waste liquid, the material used to make the pipes and the degree of their filling.

General rules for creating a sewer slope:

for a pipeline passing inside the house, it should be 0.5-1 centimeter per linear meter;
when laying an external highway - 1-2 centimeters.

But these are approximate values, and more accurate parameters can be found when carrying out detailed calculations.

Indicators of the angle of inclination of the sewer in a private house

Such an indicator as the angle of inclination of the pipe when arranging the drainage system in a private house means the degree of change in its location relative to the horizontal line. The size of the slope angle is calculated as the height difference between the lowest point of the pipeline surface at its beginning and at its end. In the standard measurement system, for comparison, the angle is indicated in degrees.

If a pipe with a diameter of 50 millimeters is used, the slope per linear meter will be 0.03 m. For example, with a four-meter length of the pipeline, the difference in height will be (0.03x4) or 12 centimeters.

In order to avoid errors, when a sewer is created, the slope per meter is determined using the correct calculation methodology.

Slope Angle Calculation Options

In practice, two methods are used that allow you to easily calculate the angle of inclination of the pipe:

unaccounted;
calculated.

The non-calculation method makes it possible to determine the difference in heights on a specific section of the pipeline, depending on its diameter. The average value of this parameter is approximately 3% and may vary based on operating conditions.

The calculation method is intended for sewer systems with a constant effluent pressure.

It is carried out on the basis of one of two calculation methods:

using the Colebrook-White formula;
by determining the compliance of the speed of movement of effluents through the pipes with the normative coefficient.

For private houses, the use of formulas is difficult, since it is impossible to know the degree of filling of the pipeline and the speed of movement of fluid through it without the presence of special equipment that professionals use in their work when calculating the angle of inclination. Therefore, the slope of pipes in an individual household is calculated using a non-calculation method.

Sewer slope determination without formulas

When installing an external or internal sewer network without the use of complex formulas, values \u200b\u200bare used with a set limit. This is the maximum and minimum slope for the sewer.

When laying an external highway, the slope is made at least 0.015 m per linear meter. Based on this indicator, intra-house piping is performed, except for short sections equal in length to less than one meter. In this case, a value of 0.01 per meter will suffice. If this parameter is not adhered to, solid fractions will settle on the inner surface of the pipes and cause clogging.

The maximum slope of the external sewage system depends on the speed of movement of drains inside the pipe. So for plastic products, this parameter should not exceed 1.43 m/s. In the case of an increase in speed, the effluent is divided into fractions, as a result of which solid particles begin to settle. The maximum slope cannot exceed 3%.

Laying pipelines

Proper installation of the internal sewerage network means laying pipes at a certain slope. It is from 20 to 25 millimeters per linear meter, which ensures the passage of drains without obstacles through the pipeline, thereby preventing blockages in the pipes without compromising their ability to self-clean. The maximum allowable slope of the sewer can only be done on short sections of the highway.

To carry out the work you will need:

PVC or polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 50 - 100 millimeters;
clamps;
soldering iron;
rubber seals in sockets;
glue.

Making a choice between PVC or polypropylene pipes is not easy, so they prefer products that are at hand. A soldering iron is required for laying polypropylene products. Polyvinyl chloride pipes are connected with glue or rubber seals.

The diameter of products used in a private house for the installation of internal sewage should be 50 or 100 millimeters. Pipes with the second parameter are intended for the installation of risers in two to three-story households to connect them to plumbing fixtures and combine all the elements included in the sewer system when it is taken outside the building. To connect other drains, pipes with a diameter of at least 50 millimeters are used.

Clamps are used to fasten pipes to each other and to the walls. With their help, they fix the riser and the pipe installed at the place where the drains are removed from the building.

External sewerage device

When arranging an external sewer network, proceed as follows:

the place of its exit from the building is taken as a reference point;
the minimum slope of the external sewer when using 110 mm pipes is 0.02 meters (read: ""). With a length of the highway of about 20 meters, the angle of inclination is 0.4 meters;
when designing an external network, the terrain must be taken into account;
a drain pit is equipped on the site at its lowest point;
to the depth of the hole designed to bring the pipe out of the building, plus the slope of the pipeline. The result obtained is the depth of the second line mark located at the drain well.

The depth of the pipeline during the arrangement of the external sewer network must be below the level of soil freezing. This indicator is measured at the highest point of the highway. Knowing how to make a sewer slope when installing an external network helps to ensure the unhindered movement of sewage from the sewerage system installed in the house and thereby guarantee the self-cleaning of the pipeline and its stable operation.

The pipe coming out of the foundation of the house (see photo) is connected to an external pipeline, through which the drains move by gravity to the septic tank or drain tank. At the same time, products of a larger diameter are used for the device of the external line than when laying the internal system. It is necessary to take into account the distance of the septic tank from the house, which should not be less than the standards. It is allowed to use cast-iron, asbestos-cement or plastic pipes.

Cast iron products are considered the most durable, but they have a lot of weight. When choosing pipes, you should pay attention to their inner surface, since it is desirable that it be as smooth as possible and thereby avoid blockages.

External sewage is laid in a trench approximately 1.5 meters deep so that the pipes cannot freeze, and as a result, the functioning of the entire system is not disrupted. If it is not possible to mount the sewer line at the required depth, the pipes should be additionally insulated. To prevent their mechanical damage, they are placed on a pre-prepared pillow, consisting of a mixture of clay and sand. She fills up all the free space between the pipeline and the walls of the trench.

For thermal insulation of the outer part of the sewer network, various materials are used (mineral wool, penoizol, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam) - they are wrapped around pipes. In addition, it is possible to lay a heating cable on top of the pipeline or inside it. It is placed in a special cable channel that protects from external damage.

Also, such work is carried out by a combined method: the main part of the pipeline is insulated with heat-insulating materials, and the pipe leaving the house is equipped with a heating cable.

At the end of the installation, connect all the elements of the system and make a trial run of the system. The absence of leaks means that the work on arranging the sewerage is done with high quality.

The arrangement of the sewer system requires compliance with certain standards. In particular, the correct slope of the sewer pipe is very important, which is selected in accordance with the rules of SNiP 2.04.01-85 and 2.04.03-85 (you can view and download these documents from me absolutely free), as well as the length of communication pipelines.

There are several positions that guide home masters:

Make the corner as sharp as possible;
Make the slope minimal or skip this point altogether when installing sewer drains;
Create a slope according to SNiPs, GOSTs or specialized reference books.

At first sight, excessively sharp slope of the sewer pipe help water that needs to be treated reach its destination faster. But on the other hand, while the pipe is exposed to the harmful effects of drains. Due to the fact that the water passes through the sewer too quickly, solid particles of sewage, food residues and other debris, often drained into the toilet, remain in the pipe. Therefore, the maximum slope of the pipe is strictly regulated. Looking ahead, I will say that it is equal to 15 cm per 1 linear meter.

Also, pipe silting will be a problem. Over time, the sewer will clog and you will have to work on its repair. The service life of such a system is much shorter than the standard one and is less than a year.

Minimum slope or lack of it- this is a gross mistake when installing a sewer pipeline. At the same time, the pipe not only silts up, but is practically not cleaned naturally.

Expert advice:
It is best to work with certain standards, which indicate the ratio of the angle to the diameter and length of the pipe. Of course, this requires a lot of time and special care, but after such painstaking work, the sewage system will serve you for many years.

Why do you need a pipe slope at all?

The use of the angle of inclination of the sewer pipe must be used in order to deprive yourself of the following problems:

When the pipe is silted up, air siphons break down, which serve as protection against unpleasant odors in the room;
Silting of the main pipe threatens with a complete violation of the main functions of sewer outlets, which, in fact, is the cessation of the system;
Protecting the basement of a residential building from leakage and breakthroughs depends on the correct slope.

Related video:

Sewer slopes and their ways of setting:

How to choose the right sewer slope:

Also, if there are no problems with corrosion during the slopeless installation of plastic, then gaps may appear in the cast-iron pipe. She will begin to let water and sewage into the basement.

Previously, in multi-storey buildings, sewers were not installed with a slope, which is why there are so many cases of drowning in an apartment on the ground floor or a breakthrough in the entire sewer system.

To determine what should be the minimum pipe slope that will be optimal for you, you need to know the length of the entire sewer system. Reference books use data immediately in finished form, they are depicted in hundredths of a whole number. Some employees find it difficult to navigate such information without explanation. For example, information in directories is presented in the following form as in the figures below:

Minimum and maximum sewerage slope per 1 linear meter according to SNiP

Below is a picture that shows the minimum slopes depending on the diameter per 1 meter running pipe. For example, we see that for a pipe with a diameter of 110 - the slope angle is 20 mm, and for a diameter of 160 mm - already 8 mm, and so on. Remember the rule: the larger the pipe diameter, the smaller the slope angle.

Examples of minimum sewerage slopes per 1 meter according to SNiP, depending on the diameter of the pipe

For example, a slope for a pipe with a diameter of up to 50 mm and a length of 1 meter needs 0.03 m. How was this determined? 0.03 is the ratio of slope height to pipe length.

Important:
The maximum slope for sewer pipes should not exceed 15 cm per 1 meter (0.15). The exception is pipeline sections whose length is less than 1.5 meters. In other words, our slope always lies between the minimum (shown in the picture above) and 15 cm (maximum).

Sewer pipe slope 110 mm for outdoor sewerage

Suppose you need to calculate the optimal slope for a common 110 mm pipe, which is used mainly in outdoor sewage systems. According to GOST, the slope for a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is 0.02 m per 1 linear meter.

To calculate the total angle, you need to multiply the length of the pipe by the slope specified in SNiP or GOST. It turns out: 10 m (the length of the sewer system) * 0.02 \u003d 0.2 m or 20 cm. This means the difference between the installation level of the first point of the pipe and the last one is 20 cm.

Sewer slope calculator for a private house

I suggest you test the online calculator for calculating the slope of sewer pipes for a private house. All calculations are approximate.

The pipe diameter is understood as the diameter of the pipe, which leads directly to the drain pit or the general sewerage system (not to be confused with the fan one).

P.S. You can ask all questions and wishes on this calculator below in the comments to this article.

Using the calculated and optimal filling level

Also, for plastic, asbestos-cement or the level of fullness must be calculated. This concept determines what the flow velocity in the pipe should be so that it does not become clogged. Naturally, the slope also depends on the fullness. You can calculate the estimated fullness using the formula:

H is the water level in the pipe;
D is its diameter.

The minimum allowable SNiP 2.04.01-85 occupancy level, according to SNiP, is Y = 0.3, and the maximum Y = 1, but in this case the sewer pipe is full, and, therefore, there is no slope, so you need to choose 50-60%. In practice, the calculated occupancy lies in the range: 0.3

Your goal is to calculate the maximum allowable speed for the sewer device. According to SNiP, the fluid velocity must be at least 0.7 m / s, which will allow the waste to quickly pass by the walls without sticking.

Let's take H=60 mm, and the pipe diameter D=110 mm, the material is plastic.

Therefore, the correct calculation looks like this:

60 / 110 \u003d 0.55 \u003d Y is the level of calculated fullness;

K ≤ V√ y, where:

K - the optimal level of fullness (0.5 for plastic and glass pipes or 0.6 for cast iron, asbestos-cement or ceramic pipes);
V is the speed of fluid movement (we take a minimum of 0.7 m / s);
√Y is the square root of the calculated pipe occupancy.

0.5 ≤ 0.7√ 0.55 = 0.5 ≤ 0.52 - the calculation is correct.

The last formula is a test. The first digit is the coefficient of optimal fullness, the second after the equal sign is the speed of the effluents, the third is the square of the level of fullness. The formula showed us that we chose the speed correctly, that is, the minimum possible. At the same time, we cannot increase the speed, since inequality will be violated.

Also, the angle can be expressed in degrees, but then it will be more difficult for you to switch to geometric values when installing the outer or inner pipe. This measurement provides higher accuracy.

In the same way, it is easy to determine the slope of the outer underground pipe. In most cases, outdoor communications have large diameters.

Therefore, a greater slope will be used per meter. At the same time, there is still a certain hydraulic level of deviation, which allows you to make the slope a little less than optimal.

To summarize, let's say that according to SNiP 2.04.01-85 clause 18.2 (the norm when installing water drainage systems), when arranging the angle of sewer pipes of a private house, you need to follow these rules:

For one linear meter for a pipe with a diameter of up to 50 mm, it is necessary to allocate 3 cm of slope, but at the same time, pipelines with a diameter of 110 mm will need 2 cm;
The maximum allowable value, both for internal and external pressure sewers, is the total slope of the pipeline from the base to the end of 15 cm;
The norms of SNiP require mandatory consideration of the level of soil freezing for the installation of an external sewer system;
To determine the correctness of the selected angles, it is necessary to consult with specialists, as well as check the selected data using the formulas above;
When installing sewerage in the bathroom, you can make the fill factor, respectively, and the slope of the pipe, as minimal as possible. The fact is that water comes out of this room mainly without abrasive particles;
Before you start, you need to make a plan.

Expert advice:

Do not confuse the method of installing sewer pipes in an apartment and a house. In the first case, vertical mounting is often used. This is when a vertical pipe is installed from the toilet bowl or shower stall, and already it goes into the main pipe, made at a certain slope.

This method can be applied if, for example, the shower or washbasin is located in the attic of the house. In turn, the laying of the external system begins immediately from the rings of the toilet bowl, septic tank or washbasin.

In order to maintain the desired angle during installation, it is recommended to dig a trench under a slope in advance, and pull the twine along it. The same can be done for gender.

It is impossible to lay sewer pipes as you like, for the simple reason that a gravity sewer system is used in a private house. That is, the used water and sewage flow into the treatment plant independently under the influence of gravity.

Such systems have special requirements. One of them is the angle of inclination of the pipes. If the slope is made small, the water will stagnate in the pipe, which will lead to blockage. With a large slope, the liquid flows faster than the heavy fractions that will settle and accumulate on the walls of the pipeline.

In addition, a strong angle leads to noise from the sewer pipes when the water is drained. Therefore, in order for the sewerage system to work without failures, it is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of inclination of the pipes.

Slope calculation

The minimum pipe slope at which the sewer will work effectively can be calculated by the formula: U \u003d L × Y. Where U is the slope, L is the length of the pipe, Y is the minimum slope.

Let's imagine that:

L = 5 m
Y=0.07

Then: U = 5 × 0.07 = 0.35 m.

The optimal difference between the beginning and end of a pipeline 5 meters long is 35 cm.

The device of the sewer system is defined by building codes and regulations (SNiP) and should be taken into account even at the design stage of the house. In accordance with SNiP, the optimal slope of sewer pipes with a diameter (Ø) of 50 mm is 3 cm per 1 linear meter. For pipes Ø 100 mm, the slope will be 2 cm.

The table below shows the main values \u200b\u200bof the angle of external sewerage based on SNiP 2.04.03-85 (p. 2.41) and SNiP 2.04.01-85 (p. 18.2)

Outdoor Sewerage Standards

Mounting tilt device

Additional requirements

For external sewage pipes, the rules provide for a number of additional requirements:
The maximum slope is 15 cm / m, with the exception of pipeline sections shorter than 1.5 m;
The bottom of the trenches should be solid, without stones and sharp inclusions. A sand cushion is required, it must contain sand and fine gravel with a fraction of 20 mm. The thickness of the pillow is from 10 to 20 cm;
The distance from the walls of the ditch to the edge of the pipe is 20 - 30 cm on each side;
Sewer pipes are laid below the freezing level of the soil, if it is impossible to fulfill this requirement, they are.

Construction guides offer two methods for calculating: according to the formula (described above) and tabular. The table below shows average values for pipes of different diameters.

From the foregoing, it turns out that the optimal slope in the external sewerage network is from 1.5 to 2 cm per 1 linear meter, depending on the diameter of the pipe and material. For the normal operation of the entire system, it is necessary to follow the rules of installation and operation.

Video: sewer slope and their ways of setting

This article discusses in detail such a nuance of installing the system as the correct sewerage slope of 1 meter: SNiP and regulatory requirements that should be followed in practice, optimal performance for certain areas, recommendations for organizing pipeline layout. The text contains an overview of common mistakes and tips to help avoid them, and formulas to rely on when designing a sewer line.

To ensure correct and uninterrupted operation, when designing a system, it is necessary to comply with the norms of SNiP

Comfortable living in a country house is possible only if there is a system designed for the removal and disposal of domestic wastewater. For these purposes, an autonomous type sewerage system (centralized for apartments) or a septic structure is used. Inside the system, the movement of the waste liquid through the pipes is carried out in a non-pressure way. In other words, polluted effluents are transported to the place of purification by gravity. This is facilitated by natural gravity, which is achieved due to the slope of the highway.

Important! Natural gravity appears only if the sewer is located at a certain slope. In this case, the system will function normally only if the slope of the sewer for each meter of the pipeline complies with the regulatory requirements of SNiP.

The optimal slope factor also depends on additional factors:

diameter of pipeline elements;
the material from which the pipes are made;
schemes of external and internal placement of sewerage.

Despite the apparent simplicity, as a result of incorrect design of sewage treatment facilities and the wastewater main, blockages and plugs can form in the collectors, and the system itself will not be able to fully fulfill its main task.

How to avoid mistakes when installing sewerage in an apartment with your own hands

When it comes to the slope of the pipeline, it is important not to go to extremes. There are only two types of popular mistakes that inexperienced people make when building sewers.

In the first case, there is no slope of the line or it is not enough to move the liquid by gravity. As a result, the flow rate decreases, due to which the dense fractions are not washed away, but remain on the inner walls of the pipes. There is a gradual accumulation of sediment, which develops into a blockage.

Partially, wastewater with impurities of fractions of various densities lingers on the walls of the main, as a result of which the pipeline becomes covered with silt and begins to exude unpleasant odors that penetrate back into the room. Therefore, you will have to regularly clean the sewers in a private house or apartment, where the system was installed in violation of the requirements.

Excessive inclination of the system can also create the prerequisites for frequent cleanings for preventive purposes. An intense fluid flow at high speed will not be able to capture solid particles from the walls and wash them away. Moreover, in the process of moving water, fecal fractions will layer and be pressed on the walls of the sewer. In this case, all shut-off valves and pipe joints will be subjected to severe stress, which increases the risk of breakage. Therefore, it is very important to adhere to the recommended parameters assigned in the SNiP documents.

Organization of water supply and sewerage: SNiP internal network and external

First of all, the diameter of the pipe affects the throughput of the pipe. Therefore, it is recommended to select the angle of laying the line based on the cross-sectional dimensions of its elements. The larger the diameter of the product, the smaller the slope that is optimal for moving water.

The minimum allowable angles of inclination per 1 m of the pipeline, taking into account its cross section:

Pipe section, cm	Minimum Tilt Angle
4	0,025
5	0,2
7,5	0,013
11	0,01
15	0,0007
20	0,0008

If the pipe diameter is 5 cm, then, taking into account the minimum angle (0.02), after installing the system, the difference in height between the placement of the ends of a 1 m long section will be 2 cm.

Important! When distributing sewerage in a private house, it is not recommended to install pipes at an inclination corresponding to the maximum allowable value.

Calculation of the fullness of pipes for the use of SNiP 2.04.01-85 when installing internal sewage

Recommended parameters for arranging internal sewerage are clearly indicated in SNiP. These data are contained in the normative document 2.04.01-85, which can be used as a set of rules and the basis for the construction of a communication system for the removal of effluents.

The calculation of the pipeline fullness indicator is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the material from which the system elements are made. Based on these data, by calculations, it is possible to find out at what speed the sewage water must move through the sewer so that there are no blockages inside the main. The level of filling is taken into account when choosing pipes for the construction of a drainage system.

The following formula is used for calculations:

N=V/D, where:

H is the level of fullness;
B - the level of the height of the drains;
D is the pipe diameter.

The maximum value of the filling level is equal to 1-nitsa. In this case, the slope of the internal sewerage is completely absent, and the degree of filling of the pipe is 100%. The best option for placing the system is an indicator of 50-60%. At the same time, the material on the basis of which the pipe is made, as well as its placement angle relative to the local sewage treatment plant - the septic tank, is of considerable importance.

Products made of cast iron or asbestos cement have a rough surface. The presence of texture on the inside of the pipes ensures quick filling. The main purpose of such calculations is to establish the maximum allowable speed in the drain. According to standard regulations, the minimum speed of movement of the waste liquid is 0.7 m/s. The minimum allowable pipe fill rate is 30%.

Calculation of the speed of movement of wastewater in the internal sewerage network, SNiP and restrictions

For further calculations on free-flow sewerage, the following formula will be required:

V (h/d) ½ ≥ K, where:

V is the speed of movement of effluents within the system;
h is the degree of fullness of the pipe (the level of drains in the lumen of the product);
d is the size of the pipe section (diameter);
K is a coefficient that depends on the roughness of the inner surface of the pipes and their material, as well as the hydraulic resistance that affects the flow.

For polymer pipes, the reference factor is 0.5. Other materials correspond to 0.6. In practice, the consistency of wastewater and their quantity are not constant values. Therefore, it is far from always possible to accurately observe the filling of the sewerage and the speed of movement of the water flow.

Useful advice! If it is not possible to perform calculations due to the lack of accurate data using the previously indicated formula, the minimum angle of inclination can be used to lay sections that cannot be calculated. It can be obtained using the formula: 1/D, where D is the size of the outer diameter in millimeters.

The optimal diameter of pipes for arranging internal sewage is 40, 50 and 60 mm. Unlike SNiP, the current set of rules, which was approved in 2012, does not impose restrictions on the maximum angle of inclination of the pipeline. The minimum angle can be seen in the table. For a pipe with a cross section of 80 mm, the coefficient is 0.125.

Arrangement of external and storm sewers: SNiP 2.04.03-85 and its requirements

External sewerage removes waste liquid from plumbing fixtures installed inside a residential building, and also collects rainwater from the site during heavy rainfall due to the storm system. Most often, asbestos-cement and cast-iron pipes are used for the installation of sewerage on the site. The use of polyethylene products with a corrugated texture is allowed.

Pipes intended for the construction of the outer part of the sewer have a large diameter. For their installation, a separate SNiP document is provided with the following requirements:

if the diameter of the outer pipe does not exceed 150 mm, then the minimum allowable angle of inclination of the line is 0.8 cm per meter of the system;
the maximum allowable value of the drainage slope does not exceed 1.5 cm per 1 m of sewage;
if the diameter of the outer pipe is 200 mm, then the value of the minimum slope of the line will be 0.7 cm per 1 m of sewage.

Sewerage slope standards in accordance with the type of device and pipe diameter:

Device type	Distance between riser and siphon (excluding ventilation), m	Drain pipe diameter, mm	Optimum System Slope
Bidet	0,7-1	30-40	1:20
Washing	1,4	30-40	1:36
Sink	0,1-0,8	40	1:12
Bath	1,1-1,3	40	1:30
shower cubicle	1,6	40	1:48
Combined drain (shower, sink, bath)	1,8-2,3	50	1:48
Pipe for drains from the riser	-	1000	-
Toilet	no more than 6	1000	1:20
central riser	-	65-75	-

Designing a sewerage scheme in an apartment and installing it

The scheme of the internal sewerage of an apartment or a private house should include devices that are sources of drainage. The list of this equipment consists of a toilet bowl, sinks and washbasins, a bathtub or shower stall, as well as household appliances that connect to the network. The dishwasher and washing machine must be connected to the sewer system and water supply.

For the construction of internal sewerage, it is recommended to use plastic pipes with a diameter of 110 and 50 mm.

SNiP requirements affecting the installation of a waste complex:

the sewer slope is selected taking into account the diameter of the pipe of the central riser, which is already installed;
the minimum allowable deviation of the sewer pipeline is 3 cm per 1 r.m., provided that the diameter of the main line does not exceed 50 mm;
the recommended slope of a pipeline with a section size of 1600 mm is 8 mm per 1 r.m. drain.

Note! The sewerage system in multi-storey buildings is installed in a vertical position. The movement of drains is carried out along the perimeter of the inner walls, while compressed air is in the center of the flow. This approach reduces the likelihood of clogging the sewer.

it is not allowed to turn the pipeline installed horizontally at an angle of 90º, for this it is better to use corner bends of 45º;
the use of right angles in a vertical system is strictly prohibited;
a slight excess of the slope rate is allowed if the pipe length is small.

Features of the installation of autonomous sewerage at their summer cottage

External sewerage is designed to lead contaminated drains towards the septic tank. types of fluid-moving systems do not use gravity. Polluted water is transported to the storage tank using a pump. For these systems, certain SNiP requirements are provided, which specify the maximum distance available for pumping wastewater in this way.

Advantages of autonomous sewers:

the pressure sewer pipeline runs at a shallower depth than the main of other types of systems;
there is no need to strictly comply with the slope standards, since the effluents are moved using a pumping station;
the operation of the system is based on self-cleaning of the inner walls of the pipe, so blockage problems are extremely rare.

The presence of such advantages does not eliminate the need for reconciliation with SNiP when installing sewers. Regulatory documents contain requirements for the optimal placement of a septic tank and other elements on the site in relation to residential buildings, sources of drinking water and other objects. Despite the shallow depth of the pipes, it is imperative to take into account the level of soil freezing in winter.

When working with external sewerage, the relief features of the territory are taken into account. Drainage well structures are recommended to be placed at the lowest points of the site. At the same time, the pipe is laid in such a way that the end of the sewer line is not located below the inlet in the septic tank, otherwise the wastewater will not be able to enter the storage tank by gravity.

Registration of an act of testing systems of internal sewerage and drains

After the installation of internal and external sewerage is completed, a test report is drawn up confirming the functioning of the system and compliance with the standards. This requirement is spelled out in one of the applications of SNiP 3.05.01-85.

To check the operability of the sewer system, the pipeline should be spilled. To do this, at least 75% of all sanitary equipment that is connected in the area to be checked is launched simultaneously. If the installation of the sewer was carried out by the installation organization, such an act cannot be dispensed with.

Data entered into the document:

the name of the system to be checked;
name of the construction object;
name of the general contractor, customer and installation organization, including positions and full names of representatives;
information from project documentation (numbers of drawings);
a list of devices open for the duration of the test and the duration of the test;
data on the presence or absence of defects;
signatures of the review committee.

Sewer installation can be done independently or by using the services of specialists. In any case, it is important to adhere to regulatory requirements and comply with technology.