Today, designers are given complete freedom of action. Furniture manufacturers have stepped far ahead, so now we enjoy a variety of models and choose our favorite furniture components. But the design cannot be complete without furniture fittings, which affect the technical characteristics and functionality of products.
Furniture accessories are all kinds of fasteners, handles, curtains, supports and decorative elements. They are made of metal, wood, plastic and other materials. Metal products are treated with special anti-corrosion agents to extend their service life. For luxury designs, fittings can be gold-plated or silver-plated, as well as trimmed with rhinestones, crystal or natural stones. Conventionally, fittings can be classified by type.
Connecting fittings - connects and fixes the parts together. This group includes one-piece, detachable and movable elements:
- Permanent connections include screws, ties, screws, nails, bolts, brackets, hooks, upholstery "buttons" of upholstered furniture. The coupler can be eccentric or connecting. Galvanized steel is used for the eccentric tie and makes it durable. For the “corner” screed, additional holes in the ends of the furniture are not required. Threaded ties include a nut and a screw that create a strong connection. Also, a wedge tie is used for quick connection. It is based on plates, wedges and staples. Ties are connected with traditional screws;
- Detachable connections ─ these are door handles, hecks, shelf holders, magnetic devices, locks, bolts. For fastening detachable structures, screws and self-tapping screws are used;
- Movable ─ these are hinges, “rails” for the parallel movement of the door, microlifts. Pneumatic mechanisms and ball bearing guides take all the load.
For furniture made from chipboard, it is not recommended to use piano hinges, which were used several decades ago. Today, manufacturers use four articulated structures called "frog". They withstand a 10,000 door open/close cycle.
Detachable
Movable
One-piece
Rotary elements ─ these include carousel mechanisms, structures for pushing countertops apart, for guiding the movement of products. For example, the shelf rotates on an axis and makes it easy to get the desired item. Basically, furniture structures are built using guide systems that are used to push elements. They can be fully or partially extended. Thanks to special rollers, such systems operate smoothly and almost silently. They are made of steel, PTFE or duralumin. If we consider the importance of fittings as a percentage of the cost of cabinet, upholstered and kitchen furniture, we get the following results: in cabinet furniture, fittings are allocated 10-15% of the entire cost of the product. For the kitchen, the importance of fittings is 25% of the cost of the set, and for upholstered furniture it is 30-40% of the cost of the product.
Swivel
Fittings for assembly ─ when buying furniture, you need to pay attention to fittings and upholstery fabric, determine their quality and strength. And also on the details of the assembly of the product, which include furniture corners, confirmants, rafiks, minifixes and dowels:
- Furniture corners ─ simple, cheap and affordable types of connection. In the construction market, they are presented in different sizes, made of plastic and metal. Corners are intended for fastening of hinged details in cases and cases. They are easy to install, have a low price, but are noticeable, which slightly spoils the design of the structure;
- Confirmat is a furniture euroscrew, which received its name from a German manufacturer. A furniture screw tie, consisting of a steel rod with a blunt ring, a head and a massive thread, is able to connect several wooden elements at once. The confirmation is visible in the design, so it is masked with a stub. The most common are screws with dimensions of 7x50 mm or 6.3x50 mm;
- A dowel is a connecting element that serves to assemble furniture wooden, plywood and chipboard parts. It is made of solid wood species and has a cylindrical shape, on which chamfers are applied. Today, plastic dowels are also produced. They reinforce furniture connections with confirmation, minifix and rafix. As an independent fastener, it is used with PVA glue;
- Minifix ─ is an eccentric screed for furniture connections, consisting of two parts ─ a rod and an eccentric. Minifix has a different design, which makes it possible to increase the length of the element and connect it at different angles. For installation, a cutter Ø15 mm and drills are used, with which three holes are drilled. Fastening turns out to be complex, and requires accurate calculation;
- Rafiks ─ used in visible places to connect furniture parts of countertops, side parts of furniture structures. It is mounted on two holes, has an eccentric mechanism and a stem. The rafix has a beautiful aesthetic appearance, but it does not have much strength.
Minifix
Minifix
facades
In the furniture design, all visible parts that go to the front or side plane are called facades. Their configuration and color determine the style of the furniture and set the tone for the entire room.
The main types of facades:
- doors;
- Front walls of boxes;
- Horizontal and vertical decorative overlays;
- Furniture cornices.
The facade can be easily unfastened from the filler fastening, replaced with a new one and adjusted in vertical, horizontal and inclined positions. Various circumstances lead to the replacement of facade elements ─ careless use, mechanical damage, outdated design, discoloration of the structure due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. For the manufacture of furniture with their own hands, they use solid - "deaf" and prefabricated frame-paneled facade elements.
Most often for the production of facades are used:
- Chipboard board;
- MDF board;
- Natural wood (array);
- Furniture shield;
- Metal (stainless steel, aluminum);
- Glass.
Budget furniture is made from laminated chipboard. From MDF boards, beautiful designs are obtained, finished with a film, panel or veneer.
Premium products include elements made of natural wood. Today, modern facades made of aluminum profiles are presented on the market. It organically looks with glass, plastic, rattan and other materials. To fill the profiles, genuine leather, textile fibers, polymer 3D photo printing are used.
furniture board
natural wood
Front dimensions
The construction industry has brought to the market a wide range of facades with different sizes. The size of the frame facade depends on the profile, and the dimensions of products made of MDF boards depend on the capabilities of industrial equipment. For example, the minimum height of solid facades is 137-140 mm, the minimum width is 296 mm, and the maximum height is 988-1250 mm and the maximum width is 596-1200 mm. And in frame-paneled facades, the minimum height is 562-573 mm, the minimum width is 296 mm, and the maximum width is 596-896 mm and the maximum height is 980-1010 mm. When choosing a facade product, you need to pay attention to the beautiful design, the ability to fit into the interior of the room and the performance of the materials.
Mechanisms
Designers and design engineers of furniture production are working on new and improving existing mechanisms for the kitchen, cabinet sets and upholstered products. Thanks to the lifting systems, the opening of the façade elements is quiet and easy. They can be fixed at any height and in any position. Consider the main types of lifts.
- Folding - they are used for multi-tiered wall cabinets and double-leaf facades;
- Folding ─ mechanisms are installed on large deaf facades of the upper tier, if the structure contains overhanging artificial lighting and visors;
- Vertical - raise the facade elements up on any tiers of the hinged structure;
- Swivel mechanisms ─ are able to turn and stop the solid facade when opened in any position;
- Mechanical - they contribute to the opening of the doors in the upper and lower positions;
- Gas lifts or gas lifts provide smooth opening and closing of facade parts. Automatic gas lifts are not able to fix the opening of the doors in a certain position. Gas lifts, in the design of which there are step-by-step or frictional openings, have the ability to fix the door at any height. This mechanism is convenient for residents with short stature and a high arrangement of lockers.
folding
Swivel
Mechanical
Folding
vertical
Types of sliding mechanisms:
- Roller guides are among the simplest and most budgetary mechanisms. Steel skids slide in them with plastic or rubber-coated rollers. Their design reduces noise during the extension of furniture drawers;
- Metaboxes are a roller system with two symmetrical metal sidewalls that move along roller guides. They extend the product partially (3/4) or completely by 270-550 mm and withstand a maximum dynamic load of up to 25 kg;
- Ball ─ telescopic guides, which are used in their work by professional furniture makers. The system allows you to fully and smoothly open the drawer, it is strong, silent and wear-resistant;
- Tandemboxes are a pull-out system that allows you to open the drawer with a light touch of the hand on the front.
The choice of a wardrobe, chest of drawers, hallway, kitchen depends on the sliding system, since the drawers present in the design are in constant operation. When buying upholstered furniture, special attention should be paid to the sofa and its transformation mechanism.
Types of sofa transformation mechanisms:
- Folding;
- retractable;
- unfolding.
The main types of construction:
- Eurobook ─ durable mechanism with a long service life. Wide seats are not comfortable for short people;
- The book is a simple and durable design that easily converts a sofa into a bed. It cannot be placed close to the wall, as it requires considerable space for unfolding;
- French folding bed ─ the system belongs to the guest type. To expand it, you need to pull the bottom of the sofa and 3 soft elements will stretch into a bed. The mechanism is not adapted to frequent transformation. He approaches small spaces;
- Roll-out sofa ─ the mechanism consists of two segments, which are located in the design of the sofa. When the front lower part is pulled out, the back cushion takes up the vacated space. The design has a compact size and allows you to get a comfortable place to sleep. But you need to make sure that the rollers do not scratch the floor;
- The accordion is a transformation mechanism that makes the place to sleep high and comfortable. When folded, it is compact, but its layout requires free space. The system is supplemented with linen drawers;
- Dolphin - a mechanism for a corner sofa. By pulling on a special strap, the hidden part of the structure extends, which will complement the sofa seat to form a sleeping place. It is comfortable and spacious;
- Click-clack is an analogue of the "book" mechanism. The difference is that the backrest can be in an intermediate version, which allows a person to be in a semi-lying state. The transformation mechanism requires free space against the wall.
Withdrawable
click-clack
Eurobook
French cot
Accordion
For internal filling
In the production of cabinet furniture, kitchen sets, wardrobes and other types of structures, first of all, attention is paid to their functionality. Today, the internal fillers of furniture structures are comfortable and ergonomic. Types of internal filling for kitchen sets:
- Drainer;
- Tray for storing cutlery;
- mesh basket;
- rotary carousel;
- lifting mechanism;
- bottle holder;
- Column;
- Bin.
The internal filling of the wardrobe is divided into three parts:
- The main ─ hangers and shelves;
- Upper - mezzanine for long-term storage of things and hats;
- The lower one has pull-out compartments for storing documents, jewelry, as well as compartments for seasonal shoes.
In wardrobes, the maximum load on the shelves is designed for 70 kg and allows you to store household appliances. T-shirts, jeans, shirts are stacked on sliding shelves. For things that should be stored on a hanger, a pantograph is installed.
It is attached to the back or sides of the shelf. The pantograph can be extended manually or using the control panel. Assembly of structures is impossible without furniture components. It is on them that the serviceable, uninterrupted operation and aesthetic characteristics of the product depend.
The situation in the apartment plays an important role in a person's life. That is why the choice of furniture for the home is a painstaking, but necessary task. At the same time, furniture fittings play an important role, since it is they that provide comfort and durability in the operation of interior items.
Of course, the appearance of furniture is very important, but let's not forget about the most important thing, namely the quality, durability, convenience and functionality of items. Just these characteristics are provided by good furniture fittings and components that affect the interior of the room. This article will help you find out what furniture fittings are, what types of furniture fittings exist and the rules for choosing furniture fittings. To better understand the design features, you should look at the photo in the selection.
Each product fulfills its functional purpose and corresponds to the loads that fall on it. High-quality fittings for cabinet furniture ensures that the furniture will last a long time. Buying furniture fittings will allow you to assemble furniture with your own hands. Italy is the best choice of the manufacturer. If we consider all types of fittings, then it is worth choosing Italian. It is considered as an elite one, so when buying, give preference to products whose names have the inscription “made in Italy”.
Furniture fittings happen:
- front accessories;
- fixing.
The first type includes products whose main function is decorative, but often they are not without additional meanings (for example, a handle for a drawer door). For this type, new furniture fittings often appear. Front fittings are the same part of the interior as the furnishings themselves, as they remain in sight, unlike furniture fittings.
This group of products is required to maintain the appearance without significant changes after years of operation, as well as ergonomics. Close attention is paid to protective coatings that are resistant to mechanical stress and abrasion. In high-quality furniture, the fittings material is plastic, metal or wood, depending on the features and design of the furniture.
Facial accessories are divided into:
- pens;
- locks;
- hooks;
- edging materials;
- decorative elements.
Edge materials
decorative elements
The second type includes products that play an important practical role. They guarantee the reliability of the connection, as well as design features. Mounting hardware must be made of high quality material, durable, reliable and compact.
It includes the following elements:
- furniture hinges;
- lifting mechanisms;
- shelf holders;
- couplers (bolt);
- fittings for furniture assembly;
- furniture fittings for glass;
- accessories for drawers (extension mechanisms, shelf holders, etc.);
- bolt (screed screw) and screws;
- seals.
lifting mechanism
Seals
Pens
There are three principles of door handle operation:
- stationary;
- with a pressure mechanism;
- rotary.
The first type is rarely used in practice. It does not have a lock and is designed to push or pull the door. But such a handle differs in shape and therefore is often used as a decorative one. The second type requires a latch that is activated when the handle is pressed. Due to this, the door opens or closes. Installing an internal lock will allow you to close from the inside.
Rotary knobs are spherical in shape. The latch is released when the handle is turned counterclockwise. Usually, the user from the inside can block the rotation of the handle from the back, blocking access to the room. Such handles are often installed in the bathroom.
The texture of the images on the handle must be selected, as in the door lining. For example, if the door has a transverse wood pattern, then the handles must match it.
Tailored
Stationary
With push mechanism
wheels
Furniture wheels are one of the types of support that allows you to move furniture without much physical effort. They can be made from plastic, like most office furniture, or from decorative beech for added aesthetic appeal. Roller wheels are equipped with a bearing, the quality of which determines their service life.
legs
Many types of furniture have fasteners - furniture supports or legs. They are especially important for chairs, tables (table fittings), camping furniture. They hold the entire weight of the structure, so they must be reliable. It is worth noting that such an element as a decorative support often plays an important role in furniture design. There are adjustable and non-adjustable supports. The simplest type of support is a glide that protects the bottom of the furniture from abrasion and possible moisture ingress.
Connecting elements
These elements include various fasteners: ties, hinges, connecting fittings, shelf supports, screws, bolts, couplings, a decorative cover and a plug hiding these elements.
Stubs
loops
Furniture hinges are connecting fittings that serve to open and close door leaves at a certain predetermined angle. Also, these elements are used when furniture transformer is created. Structurally, they are a semi-mechanical device. It is the hinges that ensure the durability of the furniture, because they are made of metal and have a high level of strength.
The main types of loops:
- overlay hinge - the standard choice for a conventional hinged facade, the side edge of which serves for fastening. A door with such a hinge opens wide (up to 110⁰);
- semi-overlay hinge - used in cabinets with a partition in the middle, the edge of which serves to fasten both doors that swing open in opposite directions. Opening angle - 110⁰;
- inner loop;
- loop - transformer fittings;
- wrought iron is well used for hinges of massive doors, for example, installed in the entrance;
- shelf holders;
- fittings for furniture transformers in the form of a loop that holds the weight of two facades. Suitable for corner cabinets or if there are drawers. At the same time, sliding and lifting mechanisms, shelf holders and others are considered.
Types of furniture hinges
Furniture transformer also comes in the form of tables. Table fittings provide the possibility of creating sliding tabletops.
Consider furniture fittings for drawer guides:
- ball - inside the case there are small balls, due to which the drawer is pulled out along the guide. Roll-out drawers are fully extended, you can put a closer, thanks to which the edge lasts longer;
- roller - unlike ball, roller guides allow the drawers to move forward partially.
Roller
Ball
Lifting mechanisms are as follows:
- gas shock absorber;
- a lifting mechanism (elevator) with a closer for opening the facade vertically, thanks to such fasteners, the edge lasts longer;
- folding mechanism with closer for simultaneous opening of two horizontal facades at once.
In all cases, such mechanisms serve to ensure that the edge retains its functional properties and appearance longer.
Hooks
Attention to detail is very important in design. Therefore, choosing hooks for clothes, you should carefully consider all the options. Hooks must withstand sufficient loads, so they are made mainly of strong metal materials. In addition to functional features, hooks vary in size, style, shape, and design.
Crossbar, pipe and rod
Furniture pipe is often installed in cabinets, racks as a support for showcases, tables. The pipe is used as a crossbar for clothing.
Types of such accessories:
- pipe with a round cross section;
- pipe with an oval cross section;
- pipes bent at various angles.
Types of crossbars
Locks
One of the most important functions of the door is the ability to close it from others. There are three types of locks to accomplish this task:
- latch;
- lock with key;
- bathroom locks.
The latch does not lock the door and is used for rooms where it is required to get rid of extraneous noise from neighboring rooms, but there is no need to close it. For example, in the kitchen, living room. Most often, the latch is installed on doors with a push handle. A lock with a key allows you to lock the door, leaving access to the room only to the owner of the key. It also happens that there is a turntable on one side of the door.
In the bathrooms they put locks with a turntable, which is easy to close from the inside. Choose a lock that has a special groove on the back so that in which case you can rescue a person by opening the door.
For decoration
In addition to the types discussed above, front decoration accessories are often made using glass. Glass furniture fittings are also common for cabinet furniture (desk fittings). The material is usually metal or plastic, from which shelf supports, hinges, legs, latches, ties, bolts are made. To fix fittings for glass furniture, an adhesive is used that hardens under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. Such a decorative design is extremely aesthetic, and the connections are sometimes stronger than those of similar connections between wood and metal fittings, fixed with a screed, screws.
Facial fittings will allow you to make a vintage item with elements of semi-antique furniture, antiques. Such types of furniture finishes are used for the manufacture of exclusive design solutions. There is a finish, as a decorative version of wooden inserts in the form of pictures.
Do not forget that the service life of new furniture depends on the quality of the fittings. We advise you to take a photo of your apartment with you so that you have something to focus on when buying. Make sure that the kit contains information on how the installation and installation of furniture fittings takes place. By investing in quality products, you can get a high level of comfort. And of course, do not forget about the design - handles or legs should not be in contrast with the main interior. They should only complement the overall picture, being the highlight of the room. If we take the stages of production of any furniture, then the fittings are far from the last place in them, and sometimes one incorrectly selected bolt can ruin the whole picture. A selection of photos will help you better understand how certain elements look, which will allow you to make the right choice.
The kitchen is an important space for every homeowner. It acts as the personification of the hearth, so it must certainly be attractive, cozy, multifunctional. Choose thoroughly, carefully, not only a kitchen set, a dining table, appliances, but also different pens and other small items. Various fittings for kitchen furniture are produced in numerous types, and modern elements are really multifunctional, comfortable, beautiful.
Many people are sure that kitchen furniture accessories are only handles and hinges, but in fact it is represented by numerous small elements. Each of them has its own purpose, features, therefore, before purchasing these structures, it is recommended to study their parameters.
Design fittings
This includes numerous facial decorative elements. They are attached to the outside of the headset, so they are in a conspicuous place. They are highly attractive, decorative, therefore they act as an additional decoration of the structure.
Design fittings should be not only beautiful, but also comfortable, ergonomic.
The main elements of such fittings include handles created from numerous materials. They can have different sizes, shapes, colors, and other parameters. This makes it possible for each headset to choose the best handles that fit perfectly into the design. They must additionally be resistant to various influences encountered in the kitchen. Therefore, they should not deform or lose their appearance under the influence of high humidity.
dampers
This device is designed to soften the blows when opening or closing the doors of various cabinets and drawers in the kitchen. If these elements are absent, then the furniture in the kitchen is subjected to significant mechanical stress, which significantly reduces their service life.
Damping systems designed to mitigate impacts and pops perform many important functions:
- increase the service life of kitchen sets;
- keep the appearance of the doors unchanged;
- provide high functionality of designs.
Installation of dampers is carried out directly on the door hinges, which ensures the procedure for opening or closing the doors smoothly, silently. Self-adjusting dampers are considered the most optimal. Such a furniture set for the kitchen automatically adjusts to the dimensions of the facade, as well as to its weight and speed of movement in the process of opening or closing it.
These products are produced in numerous varieties that differ in appearance and design. By device are distinguished:
- pneumatic pistons, and they begin to soften a couple of seconds before the door closes, for which the facade is suspended, after which its movement slowly and silently continues until it is completely closed;
- gear mechanisms, due to which the door can be fixed in different places, and in any case it closes gently, quickly and easily.
Typically, kitchen furniture is produced without these fittings, so the owners of the structures purchase them on their own to facilitate the process of using different drawers in the kitchen.
Guides
This fitting is represented by special rails. They are mounted on the side walls of various drawers and cabinets. Due to them, easy, quick movement of the withdrawable elements of the kitchen set is ensured. Roller guides make it possible to quickly and smoothly, as well as easily, silently push, close different drawers.
The roller guide system is considered reliable and inexpensive. Ball guides are considered its alternative. They are used if the boxes are of considerable weight, so they must withstand a large load. Ball structures are mounted on boxes with a significant width and depth.
loops
Due to the loop, it is possible to open the facades of the cabinets in different directions. Not a single kitchen set can do without these components. Drawers are used many times daily, so the hinges must be durable, reliable and easy to use. Increasingly, not standard hinges used a few decades ago, but modern products are beginning to be used. They are made from high quality materials and therefore last a long time.
Hinges are available in numerous designs and colors, so for each furniture set, made in a specific style and color, the most suitable elements are selected. Depending on the hinge device, it is determined what will be the opening angle of the cabinet sash. If a significant such angle is required, for example, in the presence of withdrawable systems, then it is desirable to buy products that provide an opening angle in excess of 175 degrees.
The hinges may differ in the number of hinges available. If you use designs that have 15 or 17 hinges, they can not only open the door wide, but even move it if necessary.
Loops are selected depending on what material the kitchen set itself is made of, so some are used for plastic, and others for chipboard. Installation can be done inside or outside, namely, thanks to the hinges, it is possible to quickly and easily remove the doors from the drawers, and then hang them back.
Lifting mechanisms
Many manufacturers of kitchen sets equip them with special cabinets that open at different angles. For them, you need to use specialized fittings - lifting mechanisms.
They are created with:
- a special spring mechanism, but such a system cannot fix the sash open, although it has a low cost;
- pneumatic gas lift, which has a high price, but it can be used to easily adjust the angle of the sash, and it can also be fixed in different positions.
Such fittings are convenient, but considered expensive. Photos of her are below in large numbers.
Metaboxes
These elements are created on the basis of roller guides, but they have certain advantages in comparison with them. Their design has two guides that act as the side walls of the drawer, and they are highly durable. The main advantage of using metaboxes is their long service life, reliability, and durability.
It is allowed to adjust the fixation of the fronts and walls of the drawers, so an individual, most comfortable fit is selected for each drawer. Metaboxes are actually easy to use and come in a variety of colors.
roof rails
Presented as a special basis for various accessories and utensils in the kitchen. They differ in a simple device, as they are a hollow metal tube. It is mounted directly above the stove or countertop, as well as above other work surfaces.
After fixing, various small items are hung on the railing, such as towels and cutlery, potholders and other things. For this, there are special small metal hooks on the structure. The railing is certainly equipped with special corner parts, plugs that have an attractive appearance.
Furniture quality fittings affects directly its price.
Let's first define the concept of accessories.
Fittings are all metal and plastic parts that are an integral part of furniture. They are made of plastic, metal, glass, wood or ceramic.
Conventionally, fittings can be divided into two types: fastening and functional.
You also need to remember about furniture edges and edging materials, which include edge glue, edge tapes, and so on.
With the help of fastening fittings fastening and fixing of parts. Fasteners include such details as hinges of various types, as well as guides.
What is a furniture loop? A hinge is a device by which the door is attached to the frame of the product. The hinge is one of the most important elements, it directly affects the reliable functioning of the door. Brass and brass plated are made, brass plated for better glide and to avoid rust. They are very popular, I also call them cups. They can differ not only structurally, but also have a different purpose and appearance.
The hinges also differ in the type of fastening. There are overhead, semi-overhead, inset and complex.
Overhead hinges- hinges, in which the opening part is at an angle of 90 ° and closes the end of the supporting part.
Semi overlay hinges it is used when two opposite hinges are installed on one part, but the part must still be at a right angle and cover the end of the supporting part.
Inset loops are called hinges, the outer plane of which is in the same plane as the end face of the supporting part, taking into account the need to open at an angle of 90 °.
There is such a thing as furniture guides.
What are guides?
Guides are called a system of drawers. They are divided into two types:
- for ordinary boxes made of wood and chipboard;
- boxes that have metal parts in their construction, such as backs or sides.
Ball and roller guides are very popular today.
With the help of roller guides, drawers close and open easily, but this is only subject to proper installation.
If your goal is smooth and silent closing and opening of drawers, then you need to use a variety of high-tech and completely different in complexity ball guides.
Metaboxes
For boxes economy class, perfect fit. Consist of four guides - left, right, side walls (left and right) drawer. This is very convenient, because during production it is enough to make only the back wall, bottom and front of the box of the right size.
Bottom not made of Chipboard 4 mm thick, and chipboard the thickness of which is 16 mm, give it additional strength. With the help of the adjustable front fixing, we are able to position the drawer exactly according to the contour of the furniture. Extension slats allow you to increase the height metabox to the right size. They are made of steel, most often their thickness is 1.2 mm, enameled on top.
The rollers are made of high-strength plastic, which is designed for approximately 1000 openings. Metaboxes withstand an average load of 10 to 20 kg. Applies to both inserts and false facades. The degree of their opening is ¾.
There is another mechanism - tandembox these are guides that do not require maintenance, hidden from the eyes, and also withstand significant loads, up to 30 kg.
Furniture fasteners
Fasteners include screws, dowels, corners, self-tapping screws, ties and so on.
Shkant- a simple and cheap part, during assembly it allows you to quickly position the parts and avoid displacements. A dowel is made of wood, depending on the storage conditions, it changes its shape, which does not affect the quality in the best way.
Screw screed - consists of two or more elements, a "barrel" and a screw. The “barrel” is made entirely of either metal or plastic, with a nut inside. Such a screed is very strong, forms quite a lot of effort. The downside of this mount is that even a screw head closed with a plug does not make it look aesthetically pleasing.
A coupler of this kind is not the easiest to assemble, since the screw must exactly align with the hole in the "barrel", and this can only be ensured if the axes of the holes are mutually perpendicular. You can turn the “barrel” in the right direction using the slots located on the end.
This is a modernized “barrel” coupler, only the screw is replaced by a rod that is screwed into the body.
The same applies to fairly simple products. This is a strip of metal bent at an angle of 90 degrees, on one shoulder of which there is a groove, and on the other a hole. Parts are fastened with metal or plastic fittings having an internally threaded hole.
The advantages of this screed are that it is easy to install, no drilling is required. But this screed also has disadvantages, such as: in its manufacture, a lot of defective parts are obtained, it can be seen.
Euroscrew, euroscrew, confirmat or screw coupler is a screw that is made of carbon steel. Confirmates differ in the type of coating, it can be either brass, electro-galvanized or nickel. The coating thickness is approximately 5 mm. This is the most popular screed used by furniture makers, it gained such popularity due to the fact that it does not require any accuracy when adding.
More running ones are a euro screw, the thread diameter of which is 7 mm and the length is 50-70 mm.
A high-quality screed does not allow displacement of the cap or spitz relative to the axis. A stronger connection will be when using a coupler with a large thread taper and a smaller pitch of turns, i.e. the coupler works like a self-tapping screw, which allows for high-quality threading without disturbing the structure of the plate. Furniture assembled on the basis of such a screed cannot be assembled more than 3 times, there is a possibility that the thread will break.
Screw- a screw that, when screwed into a tree, cuts a thread on its own. Screwing is carried out due to the thread, it is made on the screw shaft. The screw thread has a larger cutting pitch. The thread is cut either into parts of the screw, or along its entire length. There are different sizes, it all depends on the application.
Self-tapping screws - similar in shape to screws, but structurally different, the shape of the thread, slots and tip, are made of high quality materials. Due to which they are used without drilling holes, which greatly simplifies the assembly of furniture.
Or shelf holders
Shelf holders- this is an accessory that allows you to hold the shelf. The distance between the shelf supports should be approximately 50-60 mm. They come in different types and it all depends on what type of shelves they are intended for fastening: for glass surfaces and chipboard, special shelf holders, decorative and hidden, combined with screeds.
Functional fittings- fasteners that carry a functional load. Provides interaction between the product and the person. It includes handles, wardrobe equipment, furniture supports, sliding systems, kitchen accessories.
This is a special item used to perform a short-term action, such as opening a window, a closet, and so on.
Handles are: handles-shells, handles-bars, handles-buttons, and handles-brackets, railing handles. Most often they are made of metal, but there are also those made of glass, ceramics and plastic.
or talk about legs"
Exists fittings serving as a support.
These can be thrust bearings made of plastic, which are very popular in the furniture industry.
Or, they are used in the collection of chairs, sliding sofas, wheelchairs, medical furniture. They can be with or without a stopper. The main advantage of such supports is silent and soft rolling.
These supports are also used, which are visible in the final product of furniture production, they are completely different in shape and size, they are made of plastic, metal, wood.
They will help to solve the problem of uneven floors.
For tailoring, many additional accessories are used. These auxiliary elements are called clothing accessories. It is used in tailoring both wedding and evening dresses, as well as simple everyday wear. It is customary to refer to accessories: buttons, zippers, loops, hooks, Velcro, braid and buckles.
Sewing accessories are used for:
- fastening clothes;
- attaching parts of garments;
- strengthening their individual elements;
- comfort of clothing;
- as part of the decor.
On the market of garments, there are types of accessories made of metal, plastic, textiles and their combinations.
Buttons
They are used for their main purpose - fastening clothes and as a decorative element.
Buttons are the most numerous type of sewing accessories. They are made from:
from wood 
From mother-of-pearl 
Ivory 
from ceramics Button types are:
- with two holes;
- with four holes;
- on the rack;
- with slots.
By color:
- plain;
- with print;
- with engraving;
- with painting.
There are products of both simple shapes - round, square, oval, and original design solutions.
The main purpose of buttons is to fasten clothes. They are also used for decoration.
According to the manufacturing method, stamped, cast, pressed, prefabricated buttons, cut by hand, are distinguished.
with two holes 
with four holes 
On the counter 
plain 
Printed 
Engraved 
with painting Buttons
The buttons are similar in appearance to buttons, but they have a different fastening mechanism - a spring. This fixation is more convenient, unfastening and fastening a thing is faster.
The main material for the production of buttons is metal. For summer clothing options, plastic products are used.
According to the constructive solution, the spring mechanism of the buttons is:
- ring;
- omega;
- with spring bushing.
Buttons are distinguished by their diameter, which ranges from 5 to 18 mm.
With spring bushing 
Annular
Zippers
The zipper consists of two ribbons with links that are connected by the movement of the lock. As a result of this action, they cling to each other, forming a continuous line.
Lightnings are of the following types:
- spiral, or twisted;
- tractor (cast);
- metal. They have individual teeth.
In the manufacture of garments, plastic and metal zippers are most often used.
The length of the product varies from 7 to 180 cm. The lightning cursor is available in several versions:
- with automatic position fixing;
- equipped with a stopper;
- with free movement without fastening.
For the convenience of using some types of outerwear, products with two cursors are used. There are small, medium and large zippers in size.
Spiral 
Tractor 
metal
Hooks and loops
Hooks are fasteners made of metal or plastic. The product includes a hook and a reciprocal loop.
By appointment, hooks are distinguished:
- for shoes;
- for underwear;
- for fur outerwear.
They produce hooks with and without clamps. The appearance of high-quality hooks is neat, their surface is smooth, without signs of corrosion. Ears should be free of burrs and sharp edges.
During the production process, the mechanical properties of finished products are checked. The hook and loop must withstand extreme loads without deformation.
For shoes 
For underwear 
For fur clothes
Features depending on the type of clothing
for jeans
Accessories for jeans products have a functional feature. It is she who can help identify a fake. Accessories such as buttons, rivets and bolts are part of the design of the jeans model and serve as their decoration.
The fastener on jeans should be given special attention. Regardless of whether it is a zipper or buttons, it must be of high quality. After all, a constantly divergent zipper or a torn off button is not a very pleasant sight.
The zip fasteners of branded products are engraved with the brand. This is a kind of protection that famous denim brands use to prevent fakes.
For jeans, several types of buttons are used:
- with plastic body;
- metal;
- with movable elements;
- on a double rod leg.
Buttons for jeans are made of various types of metal and plastic. The most popular are brass, copper and stainless steel.
For additional fixation of the seams, holnitens are used - accessories, in the form of special rivets. They fasten several layers of fabric and act as a decorative detail of the product.
Denim accessories also include belt plates and rivets of various types and sizes.
With plastic body 
metal 
with movable elements 
On a double rod leg
For outerwear
This type of fitting serves to firmly fasten the components of clothing together so that they are firmly held in the right places. In addition to the main purpose, accessories for outerwear act as decoration. For outerwear, such types of accessories as hooks, zippers and buckles are also used. They create an individual look of products. Properly selected buttons can qualitatively change the appearance of a coat or fur coat, create a bright accent. Sometimes, in order for a boring thing to take on a completely new look, it is enough just to replace the buttons with new ones.
Increasingly, button fasteners are used for outerwear. This type of fitting allows you to fasten and unfasten jackets faster, often used as an additional fastener for a zipper.
Hooks 
Lightning 
Buckles
For lightweight fabrics
Accessories for lightweight fabrics include:
- plastic buttons;
- hidden zippers;
- hooks;
- loops.
These elements serve to fasten clothing and fix its details.
To make products made of light fabrics look more stylish and have a rich look, decorative sewing accessories are used.
For decor and decoration of light fabrics, apply:
- lace and braid;
- tapes;
- sequins and rhinestones;
- beads;
- feathers;
- other decorative embellishments such as appliqué, artificial flowers.
These details perfectly complement the finished garments and give them a unique look.
Separately, it is worth noting accessories for wedding dresses. It includes lace, ribbons, rhinestones, decorative flowers and imitation pearls. With their help, you can create a unique style of the product. Some designer options are embroidered with Swarovski crystals, natural pearls and semi-precious stones.
Accessories for light fabrics are made of plastic, metal and wood. Materials can be both natural and artificial.
Lace 
Ribbon Feathers 
Artificial flowers
For shoes
Modern shoes are a wide range of products: from classic shoes to sports sneakers. Accordingly, various fittings are used for their manufacture.
Its most common types:
- zip fasteners;
- blocks for lacing;
- laces;
- buckles;
- Velcro.
Accessories for shoes are used to fasten and decorate shoes. These elements are made of plastic and metal.
Laces are a reliable way to secure shoes on your feet. They are made from leather, synthetic threads or cotton. In addition to the material, laces are also distinguished by shape. They are round and flat. For classic shoes, short round laces are more suitable, and in sneakers and boots, a flat type is more often used. A separate element is their tips, which are made of metal, plastic, silicone.
Lace ends perform several functions:
- maintains the integrity of the lacing;
- hold the specified length of the lace;
- facilitate the lacing process.
Shoe fittings include sewn-on clips and tips, beads are used as decoration.
For shoes, it is better to choose metal fittings. It looks more stylish and extends the warranty period of the product.
Lightning 
Velcro
Exclusive items
Exclusive types of sewing accessories include decorative crabs, rhinestones, thermal stickers, sewn-on acrylic and glass stones and beads, artificial flowers, appliqués. There are craftsmen who produce buttons and other items specifically for designer collections. They are not cheap, but eminent fashion houses value exclusivity. Banal plastic and cheap metal are inappropriate here, buttons are made of:
- mother-of-pearl;
- tortoiseshell;
- valuable wood;
- Ivory.
Precious stones and precious metals can be used as decor.
If the concept of the collection so requires, the buttons can be covered with crocodile or snake skin, sheathed in expensive hand-embroidered fabric.