Permissible slopes of sewer pipes. The slope of the sewer in a private house - what should be

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When arranging a sewage disposal system in a private house, it is necessary to draw up a project, in the process of working on which, in addition to other parameters, they determine what slope the sewer should have. The quality of the waste water withdrawal from the building depends on this indicator. The calculation is done before the installation of the sewer system.

The angle of inclination of the sewage system is taken into account when determining the place where a hole should be made in the wall of the building or its foundation. If it is calculated incorrectly, inconvenience may appear during installation work, which will entail additional cash costs.

The installation of the sewer system in accordance with SNiP is carried out on the basis of special tables, which indicate the average values used when installing the central drain from all plumbing fixtures.

Determination of the slope of sewer pipes

The sewer system is:

mixed;
separate.

The removal of waste liquid and sewage from private houses is carried out in the following ways:

under pressure;
by gravity.

The pressure option in suburban households is used extremely rarely, since it is expensive, it is difficult to equip it and such a device is unreliable compared to gravity sewage. When deciding to equip a pressure pipeline, there is no need to calculate what the slope of the sewage system should be in a private house, since water moves along the line under pressure (more: "").

When making a calculation, it must be remembered that the slope of the internal sewage system will differ from this indicator for the external and stormwater system. The fact is, in each of them, a liquid moves, which has a different composition. In this case, the external sewage system must be insulated.

In SNiP 2.04.03-85, it is indicated that the size of the slope of the sewage system is affected by the speed of movement of the waste liquid, the material for the manufacture of pipes and the degree of their filling.

General rules for creating a sewer slope:

for a pipeline running inside the house, it should be 0.5-1 centimeters per meter;
when laying an external line - 1-2 centimeters.

But these are approximate values, and more accurate parameters can be found out when carrying out detailed calculations.

Indicators of the angle of inclination of the sewer in a private house

An indicator such as the angle of inclination of a pipe when arranging a drainage system in a private house means the degree of change in its location relative to the horizontal line. The slope angle is calculated as the difference in height between the lowest point of the surface of the pipeline at its beginning and at the end. In the standard measurement system, for comparison, the angle is indicated in degrees.

If a pipe with a diameter of 50 millimeters is used, the slope per linear meter will be 0.03 m. For example, with a four-meter length of the pipeline, the difference in height will be (0.03x4) or 12 centimeters.

In order to avoid mistakes, when a sewage system is created, the slope per meter is determined using the correct calculation methodology.

Draft angle calculation options

In practice, two methods are used that allow you to easily calculate the angle of inclination of the pipe:

reckless;
calculated.

The non-design method makes it possible to determine the difference in heights on a specific section of the pipeline, depending on its diameter. The average value of this parameter is approximately 3% and may vary based on operating conditions.

The calculation method is intended for sewage systems with a constant flow head.

It is carried out on the basis of one of two calculation methods:

using the Colebrook-White formula;
by determining the compliance of the rate of movement of wastewater through the pipes with the standard coefficient.

For private houses, the use of formulas is difficult, since it is impossible to find out the degree of filling of the pipeline and the speed of fluid movement through it without the presence of special equipment, which professionals use in their work when calculating the angle of inclination. Therefore, the slope of pipes in an individual household is calculated using a non-calculation method.

Determination of the slope of the sewer without formulas

When installing an external or internal sewer network, without using complex formulas, values with a set limit are used. This is the maximum and minimum slope for the sewer.

When laying the external highway, the slope is made at least 0.015 m per one running meter. Based on this indicator, intra-house piping is performed, except for short sections equal in length less than one meter. In this case, 0.01 per meter will suffice. If this parameter is not adhered to, solids will settle on the inner surface of the pipes and cause them to clog.

The maximum slope of the external sewage system depends on the speed of movement of the drains inside the pipe. So for plastic products, this parameter should not exceed 1.43 m / s. In the case of an increase in speed, the effluent is divided into fractions, as a result of which solid particles begin to settle. The maximum slope rate cannot be more than 3%.

Laying of pipelines

Correct installation of the internal sewage network means laying pipes at a certain slope. It is from 20 to 25 millimeters per linear meter, which ensures the flow of drains without obstacles through the pipeline, thereby preventing blockages in the pipes without impairing their ability to self-clean. The maximum permissible slope of the sewer can only be done on short sections of the highway.

To carry out the work you will need:

polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene pipes with a diameter of 50 - 100 millimeters;
clamps;
soldering iron;
rubber seals in the sockets;
glue.

Choosing between PVC or polypropylene pipes is not easy, so they prefer the products that are at hand. A soldering iron is required for laying polypropylene products. PVC pipes are connected with glue or rubber seals.

The diameter of products used in a private house for the installation of internal sewerage systems should be 50 or 100 millimeters. Pipes with the second parameter are intended for installing risers in two-three-story households to connect them with plumbing fixtures and combine all the elements included in the sewage system when it is taken out of the building. To connect other drainage points, pipes with a diameter of at least 50 millimeters are used.

Clamps are used to fasten the pipes to each other and to the walls. With their help, they fix the riser and the pipe installed at the place where the drains are removed from the building.

External sewerage device

When arranging an external sewer network, proceed as follows:

the point of reference is the place of its exit from the building;
the minimum slope of the outdoor sewerage when using 110 mm pipes is 0.02 meters (read: ""). With the length of the highway about 20 meters, the angle of inclination is 0.4 meters;
when designing an external network, the terrain relief is certainly taken into account;
a drain pit is equipped on the site at its lowest point;
to the depth of the hole intended for the exit of the pipe from the building, plus the value of the slope of the pipeline. The result obtained is the depth of the second line mark located at the drain well.

The depth of the pipeline during the arrangement of the external sewerage network must be below the level of soil freezing. This indicator is measured at the highest point of the highway. Knowledge of how to slope the sewage system when installing an external network helps to ensure the unimpeded movement of sewage from the sewage system arranged in a house and thereby guarantee the self-cleaning of the pipeline and its stable operation.

The pipe coming out of the foundation of the house (see photo) is connected to an external pipeline, through which the drains move by gravity to a septic tank or drain tank. In this case, for the device of the external line, products of a larger diameter are used than when laying the internal system. It is necessary to take into account the distance of the septic tank from the house, which should not be less than the standards. It is allowed to use cast iron, asbestos-cement or plastic pipes.

Cast iron products are considered the most durable, but they have a lot of weight. When choosing pipes, you should pay attention to their inner surface, since it is desirable that it be as smooth as possible and thereby avoid blockages.

The external sewage system is laid in a trench with a depth of about 1.5 meters so that the pipes cannot freeze through, and as a result, the functioning of the entire system is not disrupted. If it is not possible to mount the sewer line at the required depth, the pipes should be additionally insulated. To prevent their mechanical damage, they are placed on a previously prepared pillow, consisting of a mixture of clay and sand. All the free space between the pipeline and the walls of the trench is filled with it.

For thermal insulation of the outer part of the sewer network, various materials are used (mineral wool, penoizol, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam) - they are wrapped around pipes. In addition, the heating cable can be laid over or inside the pipeline. It is placed in a special cable channel that protects it from external damage.

Also, such work is performed by a combined method: the main part of the pipeline is insulated with heat-insulating materials, and the pipe leaving the house is equipped with a heating cable.

At the end of the installation, all elements of the system are connected and a test run of the system is made. The absence of leaks means that the work on the arrangement of the sewage system has been performed with high quality.

Arrangement of the sewer system requires compliance with certain standards. In particular, the correct slope of the sewer pipe is very important, which is selected according to the rules of SNiP 2.04.01-85 and 2.04.03-85 (you can see and download these documents from me absolutely free of charge), as well as the length of the communication pipelines.

There are several positions that home masters are guided by:

Make the corner as sharp as possible;
Make the slope minimal or skip this point altogether when installing sewer drains;
Create a slope according to SNiPs, GOSTs or specialized reference books.

At first sight, excessively sharp slope of the sewer pipe will help water requiring treatment reach its destination faster. But on the other hand, in this case, the pipe is exposed to the harmful effects of drains. Due to the fact that water passes through the sewer too quickly, solid particles of sewage, food residues and other debris, often drained into the toilet, remain in the pipe. Therefore, the maximum pipe slope is strictly regulated. Looking ahead, I will say that it is 15 cm per 1 running meter.

Silting of the pipe will also become a problem. Over time, the sewage system will clog and you will have to work on its repair. The service life of such a system is much shorter than the standard one and is less than a year.

Minimum slope or lack thereof- this is a gross mistake when installing a sewer pipeline. At the same time, the pipe is not only silted up, but also practically not cleaned in a natural way.

Expert advice:
It is most correct to work with certain standards, which indicate the ratio of the angle to the diameter and length of the pipe. Of course, this requires a lot of time and special care, but after such painstaking work, the sewage system will serve you for many years.

Why bother with a pipe slope angle?

The use of the angle of inclination of the sewer pipe must be used in order to deprive yourself of the following problems:

When the pipe is silted up, air siphons are torn off, which serve as protection against unpleasant odors in the room;
Silting of the main pipe threatens to completely disrupt the main functions of the sewer outlets, which, in fact, is the termination of the system's operation;
Protecting the basement of a residential building from leaks and breakouts depends on the correct slope.

Related videos:

Sewer slopes and their ways of exposing:

How to choose the right sewer slope:

Also, if there are no problems with corrosion with a slope-free installation of plastic, then gaps may appear in the cast-iron pipe. She will begin to let water and sewage into the basement.

Previously, sewerage systems were not installed with a slope in multi-storey buildings, therefore, cases of drowning in an apartment on the ground floor or a breakthrough of the entire sewer system are so frequent.

To determine what should be the minimum pipe slope that will be optimal for you, you need to know the length of the entire sewer system. In reference books, data are used immediately in a finished form, they are depicted in hundredths of an integer. Some employees find it difficult to navigate such information without explanation. For example, the information in the reference books is presented in the following form as in the figures below:

The minimum and maximum slope of the sewage system for 1 linear meter according to SNiP

Below is a picture that shows the minimum slopes depending on the diameter for 1 linear meter of the pipe. For example, we see that for a pipe with a diameter of 110 - a slope angle of 20 mm, and for a diameter of 160 mm - already 8 mm, and so on. Remember the rule: the larger the pipe diameter, the smaller the slope angle.

Examples of the minimum slopes of the sewage system by 1 meter according to SNiP, depending on the diameter of the pipe

For example, a slope for a pipe with a diameter of up to 50 mm and a length of 1 meter needs 0.03 m. How was this determined? 0.03 is the ratio of the slope height to the pipe length.

Important:
The maximum slope for sewer pipes should not exceed 15 cm per 1 meter (0.15). The exception is pipeline sections, the length of which is less than 1.5 meters. In other words, our slope is always in the range from the minimum (shown in the picture above) to 15 cm (maximum).

Sewer pipe slope 110 mm for outdoor sewerage

Suppose you want to calculate the optimal slope for a common 110 mm pipe, which is used mainly in outdoor sewage systems. According to GOST, the slope for a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm is 0.02 m per 1 linear meter.

To calculate the total angle, you need to multiply the pipe length by the slope specified in SNiP or GOST. It turns out: 10 m (length of the sewer system) * 0.02 = 0.2 m or 20 cm.This means the difference between the installation level of the first point of the pipe and the last one is 20 cm.

Calculator calculating the slope of the sewer for a private house

I suggest you test the online calculator for calculating the slope of sewer pipes for a private house. All calculations are approximate.

The pipe diameter is understood as the diameter of the pipe, which leads directly to the drain pit or the general sewage system (not to be confused with the funnel).

P.S. All questions and wishes regarding this calculator can be asked below in the comments to this article.

Using the calculated and optimal level of occupancy

Also, for plastic, asbestos-cement, or the filling level must be calculated. This concept determines what the flow rate in the pipe should be so that it does not clog. Naturally, the slope also depends on the fullness. You can calculate the estimated fullness using the formula:

Н - water level in the pipe;
D is its diameter.

The minimum permissible SNiP 2.04.01-85 level of occupancy, according to SNiP, is Y = 0.3, and the maximum Y = 1, but in this case the sewer pipe is full, and, therefore, there is no slope, so you need to choose 50-60%. In practice, the estimated occupancy is in the range: 0.3

Your goal is to calculate the maximum allowable speed for the sewer device. According to SNiP, the speed of movement of the liquid must be at least 0.7 m / s, which will allow the waste to quickly pass by the walls, while not sticking.

Let's take H = 60 mm, and the pipe diameter D = 110 mm, the material is plastic.

Therefore, the correct calculation looks like this:

60/110 = 0.55 = Y is the level of the calculated fullness;

K ≤ V√ y, where:

K is the optimal level of filling (0.5 for plastic and glass pipes or 0.6 for cast iron, asbestos-cement or ceramic pipes);
V is the speed of movement of the liquid (take a minimum of 0.7 m / s);
√Y is the square root of the calculated pipe filling.

0.5 ≤ 0.7 √ 0.55 = 0.5 ≤ 0.52 - the calculation is correct.

The last formula is a test one. The first number is the coefficient of optimal filling, the second after the equal sign is the speed of the drains, the third is the square of the level of filling. The formula showed us that we chose the right speed, that is, the minimum possible. At the same time, we cannot increase the speed, since inequality will be violated.

Also, the angle can be expressed in degrees, but then it will be more difficult for you to switch to geometric values when installing an outer or inner pipe. This measurement provides higher accuracy.

In the same way, it is easy to determine the slope of the outer underground pipe. In most cases, external communications have large diameters.

Consequently, a larger slope will be used per meter. At the same time, there is also a certain hydraulic level of deviation, which makes it possible to make the slope slightly less than the optimal one.

To summarize, we will say that according to SNiP 2.04.01-85 clause 18.2 (the norm when installing water drainage systems), when arranging the angle of the sewer pipes of a private house, you need to adhere to these rules:

For one running meter for a pipe with a diameter of up to 50 mm, you need to allocate 3 cm of slope, but at the same time, for pipelines with a diameter of 110 mm, 2 cm will be needed;
The maximum allowable value, for both internal and external pressure sewerage, is the total slope of the pipeline from the base to the end of 15 cm;
SNiP standards require compulsory accounting for the level of soil freezing for the installation of an external sewage system;
To determine the correctness of the selected angles, it is necessary to consult with specialists, and also check the selected data using the formulas above;
When installing the sewage system in the bathroom, you can make the filling factor, respectively, the slope of the pipe, the most minimal. The fact is that water comes out of this room mainly without abrasive particles;
Before starting work, be sure to draw up a plan.

Expert advice:

Do not confuse the method of installing sewer pipes in an apartment and a house. In the first case, vertical mounting is often used. This is when a vertical pipe is installed from the toilet or shower stall, and already it goes into the main pipe, made at a certain slope.

This method can be used if, for example, a shower or washbasin is located in the attic of the house. In turn, the installation of the external system begins immediately from the rings of the toilet bowl, septic tank or washbasin.

In order to maintain the desired angle during installation, it is recommended to dig a trench in advance at a slope, and pull the string along it. The same can be done for the floor.

It is impossible to lay sewer pipes as you like, for the simple reason that a gravity sewer system is used in a private house. That is, the used water and sewage flows into the treatment plant on their own under the influence of gravity.

These systems have special requirements. One of them is the angle of inclination of the pipes. If the slope is made small, water will stagnate in the pipe, leading to a blockage. With a steep slope, the liquid drains off faster than the heavy fractions, which will settle and accumulate on the walls of the pipeline.

In addition, a strong angle leads to noise from the sewer pipes when the water is drained. Therefore, in order for the sewage system to work without interruptions, it is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of inclination of the pipes.

Slope calculation

The minimum pipe slope at which the sewage system will work effectively can be calculated using the formula: U = L × Y. Where U is the slope, L is the length of the pipe, Y is the minimum slope.

Let's imagine that:

L = 5 m
Y = 0.07

Then: U = 5 × 0.07 = 0.35 m.

The optimal difference between the beginning and the end of a 5 meter pipeline is 35 cm.

The device of the sewer system is determined by building codes and regulations (SNiP) and must be taken into account even at the design stage of the house. In accordance with SNiP, the optimal slope of sewer pipes with a diameter (Ø) of 50 mm is 3 cm per 1 running meter. For pipes Ø 100 mm, the slope is 2 cm.

The table below shows the main values of the angle of the external sewage system based on SNiP 2.04.03-85 (clause 2.41) and SNiP 2.04.01-85 (clause 18.2)

Outdoor Sewerage Standards

Installation tilt device

Additional requirements

For external sewage pipes, the rules provide for a number of additional requirements:
The maximum slope is 15 cm / m, with the exception of pipeline sections shorter than 1.5 m;
The bottom of the trenches must be firm, free of stones and sharp inclusions. A sand pillow is required, it must contain sand and fine gravel of 20 mm fraction. The thickness of the pillow is from 10 to 20 cm;
The distance from the walls of the ditch to the edge of the pipe is 20 - 30 cm on each side;
Sewerage pipes are laid below the level of soil freezing, if it is impossible to fulfill this requirement, they are.

Building directories offer two methods for calculating: using the formula (described above) and tabular. The table below shows the average values for pipes of different diameters.

From the foregoing, it turns out that the optimal slope in the external sewage network is from 1.5 to 2 cm per 1 running meter, depending on the diameter of the pipe and material. For normal operation of the entire system, it is necessary to follow the rules of installation and operation.

Video: the slope of the sewer and their ways of exposing

This article discusses in detail such a nuance of the installation of the system as the correct slope of the sewage system for 1 meter: SNiP and regulatory requirements that should be adhered to in practice, optimal indicators for certain areas, recommendations for organizing the piping. The text contains an overview of common mistakes and tips to help avoid them, and formulas that you should rely on when designing a drain line.

To ensure correct and uninterrupted operation when designing the system, it is necessary to comply with the SNiP norms

Comfortable living in a country house is possible only if there is a system designed for the drainage and disposal of household waste. For these purposes, an autonomous type sewage system (centralized for apartments) or a septic structure is used. Inside the system, the movement of the waste liquid through the pipes is carried out in a non-pressurized way. In other words, contaminated wastewater is transported to the purification site by gravity. This is facilitated by natural gravity, which is achieved due to the slope of the highway.

Important! Natural gravity appears only if the sewer is located at a certain slope. At the same time, the system will function normally only if the slope of the sewage system for each meter of the pipeline meets the regulatory requirements of SNiP.

The optimal slope ratio also depends on additional factors:

diameter of pipeline elements;
the material from which the pipes are made;
schemes of external and internal sewerage placement.

Despite the seeming simplicity, as a result of incorrect design of sewage treatment facilities and drainage mains, blockages and plugs can form in the collectors, and the system itself will not be able to fully fulfill its main task.

How to avoid mistakes when installing a sewage system in an apartment with your own hands

When it comes to pipeline slope, it is important not to go to extremes. There are only two types of popular mistakes that inexperienced people make when building a sewer.

In the first case, the slope of the line is absent or it is not enough to move the liquid by gravity. As a result, the flow rate decreases, due to which dense fractions are not washed away, but remain on the inner walls of the pipes. There is a gradual accumulation of sediment, which develops into a blockage.

Partially waste water with impurities of fractions of different density is retained on the walls of the pipeline, as a result of which the pipeline becomes covered with silt and begins to emit unpleasant odors that penetrate back into the room. Therefore, you will have to regularly clean the sewage system in a private house or apartment, where the installation of the system was performed in violation of the requirements.

Excessive tilting of the system can also create the prerequisites for frequent cleaning for preventive purposes. A high flow of liquid at a high speed will not be able to capture solid particles from the walls and wash them away. Moreover, in the process of moving water, fecal fractions will be layered and pressed on the walls of the sewer. In this case, all shut-off valves and pipe joints will be subjected to severe stress, which increases the risk of breakage. Therefore, it is very important to adhere to the recommended parameters ascribed in the SNiP documents.

Organization of water supply and sewerage: SNiP internal network and external

First of all, its diameter affects the throughput of a pipe. Therefore, it is recommended to select the angle of the line laying on the basis of the dimensions of the section of its elements. The larger the diameter of the product, the smaller the slope optimal for moving water will be.

The minimum permissible angles of inclination per 1 m of the pipeline, taking into account its cross section:

Pipe section, cm	Minimum angle of inclination
4	0,025
5	0,2
7,5	0,013
11	0,01
15	0,0007
20	0,0008

If the pipe diameter is 5 cm, then taking into account the minimum angle (0.02) after the installation of the system, the difference in height between the placement of the ends of a 1 m long section will be 2 cm.

Important! When laying the sewage system in a private house, it is not recommended to install pipes at an angle corresponding to the maximum permissible value.

Calculation of the filling of pipes for the use of SNiP 2.04.01-85 when installing an internal sewage system

Recommended parameters for arranging internal sewerage are clearly indicated in SNiP. These data are contained in the regulatory document 2.04.01-85, which can be used as a set of rules and the basis for the construction of a communication system for the discharge of wastewater.

The calculation of the indicator of the fullness of the pipeline is carried out taking into account the characteristics of the material from which the elements of the system are made. Based on these data, by calculations, it is possible to find out at what speed the sewage water should move through the sewage system so that there are no blockages inside the line. The filling level is taken into account when choosing pipes for the construction of a discharge system.

For calculations, the following formula is applied:

H = V / D, where:

H is the level of fullness;
B - the level of the height of the drains;
D is the diameter of the pipes.

The maximum occupancy level is 1. In this case, the slope of the internal sewage system is completely absent, and the degree of filling the pipe is 100%. The best option for placing the system is 50-60%. At the same time, the material on the basis of which the pipe is made is of considerable importance, as well as its angle of placement relative to the local sewage treatment plant - a septic tank.

Products made of cast iron or asbestos cement have a rough surface. The texture on the inside of the pipes ensures fast filling. The main purpose of such calculations is to establish the maximum permissible rate in the stock. According to the standard regulations, the minimum speed of movement of the waste fluid is 0.7 m / s. The minimum allowable pipe filling rate is 30%.

Calculation of the speed of movement of sewage in the internal sewage network, SNiP and restrictions

For further calculations for free-flow sewage, the following formula will be required:

V (h / d) ½ ≥ K, where:

V is the speed of movement of wastewater inside the system;
h - the degree of filling of the pipe (the level of drains in the lumen of the product);
d is the size of the pipe section (diameter);
K is a coefficient that depends on the roughness of the inner surface of the pipes and the material of their manufacture, as well as the hydraulic resistance that affects the flow.

For plastic pipes, the reference factor is 0.5. Other materials correspond to the indicator 0.6. In practice, the consistency of effluents and their quantity are not constant values. Therefore, it is far from always possible to accurately observe the filling capacity of the sewage system and the speed of movement of the water flow.

Helpful advice! If it is not possible to perform calculations due to the lack of accurate data according to the previously indicated formula, the minimum angle of inclination can be used to lay areas that cannot be calculated. It can be obtained using the formula: 1 / D, where D is the size of the outer diameter in millimeters.

The optimal diameter of pipes for arranging an internal sewage system is 40, 50 and 60 mm. Unlike SNiP, the current set of rules, which was approved in 2012, does not impose restrictions on the maximum angle of inclination of the pipeline. The minimum angle can be found in the table. For a pipe with a cross section of 80 mm, the coefficient is 0.125.

Arrangement of outdoor and storm sewers: SNiP 2.04.03-85 and its requirements

The external sewerage system removes waste liquid from plumbing fixtures installed inside a residential building, and also collects rainwater from the site with heavy rainfall due to the storm system. Most often, asbestos-cement and cast-iron pipes are used for the installation of sewers on the site. The use of polyethylene products with a corrugated texture is allowed.

Pipes intended for the construction of the outer part of the sewage system have a large diameter. For their installation, a separate SNiP document is provided with the following requirements:

if the diameter of the outer pipe does not exceed 150 mm, then the minimum permissible angle of inclination of the line is 0.8 cm for each meter of the system;
the maximum allowable drainage slope does not exceed 1.5 cm per 1 m of the sewer;
if the diameter of the outer pipe is 200 mm, then the value of the minimum slope of the main line will be 0.7 cm per 1 m of the sewage system.

Sewerage slope standards in accordance with the type of device and pipe diameter:

Device type	Distance between riser and siphon (excluding ventilation), m	Drain pipe diameter, mm	Optimum slope of the system
Bidet	0,7-1	30-40	1:20
Washing	1,4	30-40	1:36
Sink	0,1-0,8	40	1:12
Bath	1,1-1,3	40	1:30
Shower cubicle	1,6	40	1:48
Combined drain (shower, sink, bath)	1,8-2,3	50	1:48
Drainage pipe from the riser	-	1000	-
Toilet bowl	no more than 6	1000	1:20
Central riser	-	65-75	-

Designing a sewerage scheme in an apartment and its installation

The internal sewerage scheme of an apartment or a private house should include devices that are sources of drainage. The list of this equipment consists of a toilet, sinks and washbasins, a bath or shower stall, as well as household appliances that are connected to the network. The dishwasher and washing machine must be connected to the sewerage system and water supply.

For the construction of internal sewerage, it is recommended to use plastic pipes with a diameter of 110 and 50 mm.

SNiP requirements affecting the installation of the sewage complex:

the slope of the sewage system is selected taking into account the diameter of the central riser pipe, which has already been installed;
the minimum permissible indicator of the deviation of the sewer pipeline is 3 cm per 1 lm, provided that the diameter of the line does not exceed 50 mm;
the recommended slope of a pipeline with a cross-sectional area of 1600 mm is 8 mm per 1 lm. drain.

Note! The sewerage system in multi-storey buildings is installed in a vertical position. The movement of waste is carried out along the perimeter of the inner walls, while in the center of the flow there is compressed air. This approach reduces the likelihood of sewage clogging.

it is not allowed to turn the pipeline installed horizontally at an angle of 90º, for this it is better to use 45º angled bends;
the use of right angles in a vertical system is strictly prohibited;
a slight excess of the slope rate is allowed if the pipe length is small.

Features of installing an autonomous sewage system at a summer cottage

The external sewerage system is designed to discharge contaminated wastewater towards the septic tank. types of fluid transfer systems do not use gravity. The contaminated water is transported to the storage tank by a pump. For these systems, certain SNiP requirements are provided, which spell out the maximum distance available for pumping wastewater in this way.

The advantages of autonomous sewers:

the pressure sewerage pipeline runs at a shallower depth than the mains of other types of systems;
there is no need for strict observance of the slope standards, since the drains are moved using a pumping station;
the operation of the system is based on self-cleaning of the inner walls of the pipe, so problems with blockages are extremely rare.

The presence of such advantages does not eliminate the need to check with SNiP when installing the sewage system. Regulatory documents contain requirements for the optimal placement of a septic tank and other elements on the site in relation to residential buildings, drinking water sources and other facilities. Despite the small depth of the pipes, it is imperative to take into account the level of soil freezing in winter.

When working with external sewerage, the relief features of the territory are taken into account. It is recommended to place drainage structures at the lowest points of the site. In this case, the pipe is laid so that the end of the sewer line is not located below the inlet in the septic tank, otherwise the wastewater will not be able to enter the storage tank by gravity.

Registration of a test report for internal sewerage and drainage systems

After the work on the installation of the internal and external sewerage is completed, a test report is drawn up, confirming the functioning of the system and compliance with the standards. This requirement is spelled out in one of the annexes to SNiP 3.05.01-85.

To check the performance of the sewerage system, the pipeline should be spilled. For this, at least 75% of all sanitary equipment that is connected in the area to be checked is started at the same time. If the installation of the sewage system was carried out by the installation organization, you cannot do without such an act.

Data that is entered into the document:

the name of the system to be checked;
name of the construction object;
the name of the general contractor, customer and installation organization, including positions and names of representatives;
information from project documentation (drawing numbers);
a list of opened by the device at the time of testing and the duration of the test;
data on the presence or absence of defects;
the signatures of the inspection commission.

Sewerage installation can be done independently or using the services of specialists. In any case, it is important to adhere to regulatory requirements and comply with technology.