It is usually quite difficult to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor. After all, all elements of these structures in private houses must be thought out to the smallest detail, so that in the end they can form unified ensembles. That is why any projects must take into account not only the functional, but also the decorative components of such products.
“Rotary” staircase models - optimal solutions for suburban housing
Exactly original modern designs with a rotation of 90 degrees, are now extremely popular. In some cases, they can even be supplemented with convenient “intermediate platforms”. It is noteworthy that staircases of these types make passages to the second floor much more elegant in a private house. In addition, they change the directions of movements, unlike standard “marches” (straight lines).
This product will save free space without losing the comfort and functionality of the room. Key benefits of innovative designs
Various staircases to the second floor with 90-degree turns have a lot of positive features:
- Increased compactness. Under conditions of maintaining optimal dimensions, they occupy less space than their known analogues.
- Maximizing convenience. It is possible to move along these stairs without difficulty (even with fairly large loads).
- Absolute safety. This indicator for “rotary” products is significantly higher than for “screw” models.
Products with a 90-degree turn: everything you need to know about stairs of this type
“Rotary” structures of this type are simply irreplaceable in a private home, since they represent an extremely harmonious combinations"marching" and "screw" models. In addition, variations with winder steps They are distinguished by graceful forms and relatively small sizes.
When calculating the stairs to the second floor, it is necessary to remember that the width of the “tread” should be made a little larger than in other situations, because it narrows slightly in the directions towards the main “support points”. But it is recommended to select the optimal dimensions of structures in relation to the “central lines”.
Products with 90-degree turns are primarily designed for placement near walls. In addition, it is desirable that they are located exclusively in the corners. The turn itself can be made on any sections of the stairs, but mainly the lower halves of the structures are used for these purposes.
It is also important that the directions of movements when walking change completely unnoticed by people. This factor allows you to significantly increase the convenience of movement.
Key nuances of correct calculation of “rotary” structures
A full calculation of stairs to the second floor (with winder steps) must always take into account the design features of the planks, from which the turns are made. They can have both square and rectangular shapes. If we are talking about products with platforms, we must not forget that the length of these elements between individual “flights” cannot be less than 140 cm. And the width must correspond to the dimensions of the spans.
TO ready-made models structures with a 90-degree rotation, a number of specific requirements are imposed in a private home:
Competent choice of locations for future stairs
Unfortunately, the significant limitation of available space in a private house does not allow home owners to build straight staircase structures in accordance with all known standards. It is for this reason that products with 90-degree turns are now incredibly popular, because they help save much-needed money. square meters areas.
Quite a good solution for private country house can be wooden product, supplemented by two spans with a 90-degree turn. 
How to choose the ideal frame shapes?
For both metal and wood staircase structures leading directly to the second floor, there are three main variations of frames. One of them is the so-called “stringers”, which are special solid beams, on top of which the finished steps are then carefully laid.
Separately, there are also certain “strings” - two large support beams, supporting stair steps from the sides. Much less often today, “bolts” are used, which make it possible to extremely securely attach entire structures to the nearest walls.
Determination of optimal product parameters
In order to calculate a staircase with winder steps as accurately as possible, you should take into account three key parameters that will make this design not only beautiful in appearance, but also safe in private homes:
- Specific heights of “rotary” models.
- The length of the “flights” of products leading to the second floors.
- Width of selected stairs.
The concept of “heights” includes precisely the current distances from the bottom of the first floors of buildings to the floor of the second. Sometimes it happens that the created products with a 90-degree rotation begin to rest directly on the ceiling with their upper end. A way out of the situation may well be to create small gaps above the stairs. Well, the distance itself is calculated as follows: about 100 mm is added to the height of the tallest family members.
As for the “working height” of products, it should be at least 2 m. With the length of structures, everything is much simpler. This indicator should be equal to similar “flight” parameters (taking into account staircase landings, if available).
Here are the measurements regarding middle length“flights” of products with winder steps are performed at certain distances from the railings of structures (about 50 cm). Well, the concept of “width” already includes the gaps between two handrails.
Great offers from the company "Stairs Master"
Innovative models with a 90-degree turn leading to the second floors have now become incredibly popular designs. However, it is very difficult to calculate stairs of this type on your own. To save yourself from difficulties, it is best to purchase ready-made options products from successful company"Stairs Master" in Moscow at the lowest prices.
For example, comfortable “turning” stairs, called “Elegant”, are created from excellent metals, good wood and the best glass. In addition, they are distinguished by their compact size and unique sophistication, and their price is 50,390 rubles.
“Prestige” designs are also considered a good solution. Their main advantages are stylish designs and a fairly low cost - 44,290 rubles. Such models will ideally fit into relatively small openings.
“Solo” products with 90-degree turns are also distinguished by their original shapes. They are made only from the highest quality products and cost RUB 74,452.
It should be remembered that the final price of such a product still depends not only on its height, but also on the availability of components. The price of the unique “Modern” (“pivot”) staircases is now 120,030 rubles. So stylish designs truly highlight the beauty and uniqueness of the interiors in a private home.
Staircases from this series have an extremely exclusive design and a very special charm. It is impossible not to mention the latest products“SuperElegant”, which are in no way inferior to their counterparts in terms of convenience. They have comfortable sizes, and their current price is 108,904 rubles.
A staircase with a 90-degree turn is called an L-shaped staircase. Such stairs are located close to adjacent walls. The landing can separate flights of stairs of unequal length. Rotation by 90 degrees is most common in the manufacture of stairs, which are equally suitable for placement in a country house or in a two-story apartment.
How are L-shaped stairs separated from each other?
Stairs vary in material, rotation vector, and appearance. The second point is simply deciphered: either the staircase turns to the right or to the left.
Stairs can be made of wood, metal and concrete. Meet combined options wood with metal.
Features of stairs with a 90 degree turn:
Such models do not differ from single-flight models in the presence of stringers or bowstrings, steps and fences in the form of balusters, railings, and handrails.
However, single-flight stairs do not have a platform and winder steps.
When creating a drawing rotating design preference is given to either the platform or winder steps. The choice depends on the amount of available space in the room.
The second option is chosen when there is a shortage of space, and usually such steps are made without treads, which gives the staircase an airy feel.
Construction stages:
How to calculate the height and width of winder steps
When making your own calculations, it is best to rely on reliable data optimal values. The width of the flight is 90 cm, the width of the middle part of the winder step is from 20 cm, the height of the steps is from 10 cm, the angle of inclination of the stairs is no more than 45 degrees, the width of the bottleneck of the winder step is from 10 cm.
Instead of stairs, a ramp is installed when an angle of inclination of more than 23 degrees is impossible. At an angle of inclination of more than 45 degrees, a folding structure will be an alternative to the staircase, since this steep stairs you will have to go down backwards.
Manufacturing of parts
Installation
Usually installation starts from the topmost flight.
Subsequence:
- First, the stringer is fixed to the wall.
- Afterwards the support pillars are concreted.
- The outer stringer is fastened to the support post.
- The steps are connected to the stringers using supports and mounting angles.
- Afterwards, the winder steps are installed, which should “sit” firmly in place.
- Then the risers are installed.
- Afterwards the balusters with railings are installed.
Calculation of a wooden staircase with a 180 turn through winder steps to the second floor with your own hands
Stairs with a 180-degree turn are called U-shaped. It is based on a rectangular platform that divides the staircase into two flights. The design takes more space than a 90 degree rotary staircase.
The main thing that is taken into account when designing stairs with a 180-degree turn is that the height of the steps should not be greater than their width. The height from the stairs to the ceiling must be at least 1.9 m.
- First you need to draw a circle whose radius equal to the sum the width of the stairs and 0.5 of the distance between marches.
- Marches with a given width and length are drawn on both sides of the circle. A line is drawn through them along which a person will walk, and straight steps are also marked.
- Next, you need to draw a segment BC, which starts from the highest point of the circle and ends at the lowest. Its markings should pass through the middle of the main winder step. It is from this that other steps will descend.
- The final straight step is marked as segment DE.
3D calculation program, online designer
There are about a dozen programs that can, based on available data, carry out calculations of the future staircase. Some of them design 3D models, create a full-fledged graphic image and a general staircase interior. Such programs make life a lot easier, allowing you to see the future result in the most realistic way.
Exist paid programs on disks, such as ArCon Eleco 2010, its license is paid and costs about 40,000 thousand, the use of such a program is advisable for landscape designers and designers. Its capabilities extend to professional level and allow you to design stairs different shapes and design, winter gardens, cottages and landscape.
StairCon is also a paid-licensed program that is widely used for creating staircase designs. Among its capabilities are 3D design, calculation of the quantity and final cost of materials, and creation of a bill of materials.
There are two free online services designed for calculating and designing stairs.
“Ladder - online design of stairs” allows you to create a project in four steps. You need to indicate the desired shape, dimensions of the staircase and receive finished project. In addition, there is a function for selecting a company that can turn your staircase sketch into reality.
"WeBsr staircase calculation" service allows you to calculate optimal inclination, the size of the opening in the ceiling, the size of the tread and riser, as well as select the type of staircase and the type of opening.
Calculation wooden stairs with a turn of 90, 180 through the winder steps to the second floor with your own hands, 3D calculation program, online constructor, dimensions of a wooden turning staircase, photo
Message
sent.
When building houses with more than one floor, a common problem is the limited space for installing stairs. Most suitable option in such cases there will be a metal turning staircase with winder steps. Such stairs, thanks to the variety of shapes, will fit well into modern interior and save usable space.
Types of structures
Usually, to get to the second floor, a staircase with one flight is installed. This ascent can be divided into two flights, then there should be a transition platform between them. To save space and have a more aesthetic appearance, this platform is replaced with winder steps. Winder stairs are called staircases with steps shaped like triangles or trapezoids, attached radially to one common support.
There are several types of such stairs.
- Screw. Looks like a spiral. They consist entirely of winder steps.
- Marching. Instead of transition platforms, there are winder steps with a 90-degree bend.
- P - shaped. The parallel flights are connected to each other by a 180 degree bend.
- Mixed. The lower flight and upper spiral staircases are connected by winder steps.
The requirements for turning staircases with winder steps are quite strict.
When installing such a ladder, comfortable, unhindered and safe movement should be ensured. To do this, the following conditions must be taken into account when designing:
- the width of the step along the line of movement (where the foot directly steps) is at least 200 mm, in its narrow part - 100 mm, and in the wide part - 400 mm;
- the height of the tread should be equal on all marching flights and comfortable for descent and ascent; the optimal range is considered to be from 120 to 220 mm;
- for comfortable movement the distance between ceiling covering and the steps should be equal to the height tall man plus 10 cm, but not less than two meters;
- the recommended angle of inclination of the stairs is 30-45 degrees;
- the angle of rotation should be equal to or slightly greater than the angle of inclination of the stairs;
- the railings are installed parallel to the angle of inclination of the stairs at a height of 0.8-1.0 m;
- the optimal width of the flight of stairs is at least 0.9 m;
- the stairs must be freely accessible;
- the structure is located in a less visited part of the room, for example, in a corner;
- installation metal stairs In a building made of wood, it must be done after the house shrinks, otherwise a structural failure may occur.
Advantages and disadvantages
Like all stairs, winders also have their pros and cons.
The advantages of these designs include:
- Possibility of installation outdoors and indoors;
- saving space not only on the first floor, but also on subsequent floors;
- thanks to the variety of shapes and designs, you can create a unique work of art that fits original into any interior;
- long service life;
- reliability of the design.
Disadvantages include:
- for reasons of safety and ease of use, accurate calculations are required during design;
- high risk of injury and inconvenience when moving due to the width of the steps: wider on the outside and narrow on the inside (absent with proper design);
- noise made when walking (eliminates by finishing the steps with wood, rubber, tiles, etc.);
- painting or enamel coating is required, with the exception if the structure is made of stainless metal;
- high price as when buying finished product, and in self-production;
- at self-installation Welding knowledge and related equipment are required.
Designing a turning staircase with winder steps
One of the main stages of staircase construction is design. It depends on what size and appearance will have a future interfloor passage.
Design includes the following stages:
- taking measurements;
- carrying out calculations;
- drawing up a diagram - a drawing according to which the rotary staircase will be mounted.
Initially, they determine the location of the stairs and take measurements of the length, height, and width of the space under the flight of stairs. The type and size of the future inter-level transition depends on the amount of free space.
For each turning staircase, a corresponding calculation is carried out.
Calculation of the number of steps
For a more accurate calculation, you can use the formula N=H1/H2, where:
- N – number of steps;
- H1 – span height;
- H2 – step height.
If you don’t get a whole number, then you need to change the height of all steps or just the first one. You can substitute a platform with the missing height under the flight of stairs.
It is not recommended to install more than 3-5 winder steps, otherwise the steps will be narrow and inconvenient to climb.
For products with sharp turns
At the initial design stage, the master determines the axis from which the bending radius of the staircase is located. For a 90-degree bend, the axis is located at the point where the lines of the outermost straight steps in the flights join. If the angle is 180, then it’s right between two spans. To prevent the steps from being too narrow, the axis can be moved beyond the span by 1/8 of the flight width.
The outer edge of the winder section is equal to the gap from the axis to the outer edge of the straight marching steps. And also from the axis you can draw arcs passing along the inner edge and the middle line.
Along the line of movement, it is necessary to set aside segments equal to the width of the foot, approximately 200 mm long. Draw rays from the central axis through these segments. This will be the silhouette of future steps.
For model with smooth transition
Stairs with a steep transition are inconvenient for movement, so a softer transition is often used.
In such a transition, the change of steps into a triangular shape begins from the march flight.
For U-shaped stairs
- Initially, the drawing indicates the contours of the marching spans. There should be ¼ of their width between them. The radius of curvature of the winder section is equal to half the width between the marches plus the width of the march. Then this radius is set off from the upper edge of the winder steps and the axis of curvature of the flight of stairs is found.
- After the radius of curvature has been found, the upper and lower arcs of the marching turn and the middle of the staircase are drawn from the axis.
- The next stage is the distribution of steps. It is recommended to start from the center. Segments with a length equal to the width of the step are laid along the midline. This line should be exactly in the middle of the step, and from this line the next steps are sequentially marked.
Unlike a soft transition, you need to decide where the winder section will begin. The fewer steps there are in this area, the safer and more convenient this area will be.
For stairs with a 90 degree turn
To save space and secure fixation, it is more convenient to install the structure in the corner of the room.
The calculation must begin with a drawing of a circle with a radius equal to 1/2 the span width. In the future, this will be the middle line on the run-in section.
In relation to the vertical of this circle, we draw a line (the axis of rotation) at an angle of 45 degrees. The tangent line to the axes of the circle indicates the line of movement along the stairs. Then this line is divided into segments equal to the average width of the steps.
There may be two options for the distribution of steps:
- the rotation axis divides the middle step in half;
- the steps are proportionally laid out on both sides of the rotation axis.
Then we find the intersection point of the last step of the lower march and the first step of the upper march. This will be the center from which radial lines are drawn through the segments on the line of motion. This center can be adjusted to maintain the size of the external step width of 400 mm and the internal width of 100 mm. These lines are the contours of the steps.
The resulting drawing is a scale diagram of the staircase.
To obtain more accurate dimensions, it is better to carry out calculations in a graphic editor or special computer program. The programs will allow you to create a three-dimensional model indicating all the parameters.
The most famous programs are:
- "Compass"– you don’t need to have any special skills to work in it;
- SolidWorks– a program for creating engineering structures;
- Consultec Staircon– will allow you to create a 3D project and calculate the necessary costs.
But the data obtained by drawing up a drawing on paper will be enough to build a reliable and durable staircase. For ease of construction and obtaining the most approximate dimensions, it is better to draw up such drawings on graph paper. This will make it easier to convert sizes to actual size. Minor inconsistencies can be eliminated during the installation process.
If an L-shaped staircase is installed in the room, then a situation is possible when, in order to reduce the size of the staircase opening and save space, it is necessary to abandon the platform and make winder steps instead.
Staircase with turning steps more compact than a design with an interstaircase platform. However, winder stairs have a number of disadvantages, the most important of which are radial steps irregular shape and the resulting features.
In this article we will tell you how to properly design a staircase with winder steps so that it is convenient and safe to use.
Safety requirements for stairs
To smooth out design flaws, corner stairs must be properly designed by calculating the winder steps taking into account the following requirements:
- the depth of the steps in the widest part should not exceed 40 cm, and in the narrow part it should not be less than 10 cm;
- in the middle, all winder steps must be of the same depth, but not less than 20 cm;
- the height of the step can vary from 12 to 22 cm;
- the edge of the tread should not protrude more than 4 cm;
- When designing L-shaped stairs, make sure to follow the following formulas (where e is the depth of the step, j is the height of the riser):
- convenience formula: e - j = 12 cm;
- safety formula: e + j = 46 cm.
- step formula: 2 j + e = 62 (60-64) cm;
- if a staircase with a 180-degree turn is being built, then the distance between the flights must be at least ¼ of the width of the step, otherwise the depth of the turning step in the narrow part will be too small (less than 10 cm), which is unacceptable;
- distance from flight of stairs the distance to the ceiling must be at least 200 cm;
Calculation of stairs with winder steps
After the main dimensions of the curved staircase are determined based on the video, you need to calculate the configuration and number of winder steps.
U-shaped staircase
First of all, it is necessary to mark the center of the arc coinciding with the inner radius of the staircase, that is, point “A”. Then determine the number of turning steps: the more there are, the smaller the angle of rotation for each and the more comfortable it will be to move up the stairs.
Let's assume that the winders will be steps up to the seventh inclusive. Then a straight line DE is drawn through the beginning of the eighth step. Line AB divides the staircase into left and right parts. It is necessary to draw a curve in the middle of the march ac, corresponding to the line of movement. From AB on the line of motion a section equal to ½ b, Where b– the width of a regular step. We get point 1. Next, we lay off a segment equal to b and mark point 2. Similarly, at equal intervals, mark the remaining points 3-7.
Next, through point 1 and A we draw a straight line until it intersects with DE. We also draw a straight line through points 2 and A. On the section DE we get points 1 and 2. We lay off the segments on the line DE equal to the plot 1-2, and mark them with numbers 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, respectively. Now we connect point 3 on the line of movement ac with point 3 on line DE, then connect the corresponding points 4, 5, 6, 7. Thus, the configuration of the steps is determined. A similar calculation is made for the right side of the staircase with turning steps.
As in the case of a U-shaped staircase, point “A” is located and straight line AC is drawn. There are two options for the arrangement of steps:
- straight AC divides corner step in half;
- two steps are adjacent to straight AC with their edges.
In the second case, similarly with a U-shaped staircase, a line of movement is drawn ac. On a curved section, segments of length b(width of a straight step). The number of winder steps is determined. Suppose these are steps 1, 2, 3 and 4. Then straight line EB is drawn through the end of step 4, where “B” is the intersection of straight lines EB and CA. Next, segment AD is arbitrarily drawn from point “A”, and points 2, 3 and 4 are marked on it so that segment A2 is equal to two parts, segment 23 to three, 34 to four. An arbitrary segment equal to 1 conventional unit (cm, dm) is taken as one part.
Now we connect points 4 and B. From points 2 and 3 to the intersection with AB we draw straight lines parallel to segment B4. The resulting points on section AB are connected, respectively, to points 3 and 2 on the line of movement ac. These lines determine the configuration of the winder steps.
In the case where straight AC divides the step in half, the calculation winder staircase performed similarly.
Staircase with a 90 degree turn - how to make it yourself
We will show how to make a winder staircase using an example of a design with the following parameters:
- the length of the staircase opening is 2294 mm;
- width - 930 mm;
- ceiling height - 2683 mm.
The corner staircase consists of two flights. There are 8 steps in a long flight, and the top one coincides with the landing of the second floor. There are 2 steps in the lower flight. And three winder steps, the angle of rotation of which is 30°. The wooden staircase project will look like this:
A wooden staircase with a turn is made on two stringers with dimensions of 50x300x3000 mm, one of which is mounted on the wall, and the other on support pillar with dimensions 100x100x2500 mm. It is also necessary to purchase steps measuring 900x300x40 mm, a turning platform 900x900x40 mm, from which the winder steps will be cut, and balusters.
A wooden staircase with winder steps, having this shape and parameters, is manufactured in several stages.
Making stringers
First you should prepare a template, which is right triangle, the legs of which are equal to the depth of the tread and the height of the riser. For convenience, the triangle should be secured to the guide rail, as in the photo. Using this template, mark the stringer and cut out the excess circular saw. It must be remembered that in the thinnest part the width of the stringer should not be less than 15 cm.
In the corner we build an impromptu supporting structure, which will burst the wall stringer and serve as the basis for the winder steps.
We secure the upper ends of the stringers with metal corners.
After load-bearing elements will be fixed, you should get the following:
When installing stringers, it is important to monitor the level so that subsequently the steps lie strictly horizontal. The most common mistake made by inexperienced craftsmen is that parallelism to the floor is taken as horizontal. But the floor may be uneven, so this parameter must be determined only using a level.
How to make winder steps
Winder steps are cut from rectangular board 900x900x40 mm. For a staircase with a 90-degree turn, three steps will be enough. To make them, we divide the board into three parts with lines coming out of one corner. We adjust the cut steps to length.
Having decided which varnish to cover the stairs, apply at least 3 layers to the steps.
Installation of stairs with winder steps
To secure the winder steps, grooves are cut into the pillar, the height of which is slightly less than the thickness of the board. This way we will ensure reliable fixation of the steps with inside stairs. And with outside— we are modifying the supporting structure so that steps can be placed on it.
From the outside of the flight of stairs, the turning steps are screwed to the supporting frame using self-tapping screws. The inner ends of the steps are inserted into the cuts and, to strengthen the structure, are glued with PVA glue mixed with sawdust.
We cut the end of the bowstring at a right angle to the floor so that the entrance pillar can be installed.
Installation of railings
Now you need to install the balusters. Sometimes they are attached from below through the steps using self-tapping screws, but this method is unreliable. It is better to use dowels - cylindrical wooden rods.
To do this, a hole is drilled in the steps, the diameter of which is slightly smaller than the cross-section of the dowel, and filled with glue. A similar hole is made in the balusters, and it is very important that it is exactly in the center. If the baluster has a rectangular shape, then the center is determined as the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle. Try to drill the holes as accurately as possible so that they turn out strictly vertical, because the position of the balusters will depend on this.
A rope is stretched between the first and last pillars, along which the angle of inclination of the railing is marked on all balusters. Next, according to the applied marks, the tops of the racks are cut off. In this way we prepare the balusters for installing the handrail.
The handrail can be secured using simple self-tapping screws(hidden), and hide the attachment points with putty.
The single-flight staircase with winder steps is ready. This is what we got.
With this manufacturing method, the load on the lower turning stage will act along the grain of the wood, which is undesirable, as it weakens the structure. In this case, it will be necessary to additionally strengthen the step with support, which is what we did.
Currently online calculator a system has been integrated so that you can calculate the stairs to the second floor with a 90-degree turn and winder steps without having the skills of a designer and without special knowledge in the field of construction. This program was created by people, for people. Simplicity and ease of use, a logically understandable interface will help you make seemingly complex calculations in just a couple of clicks. Following general instructions and rules, you will receive an accurate calculation of materials, as well as clear drawings that exclude any errors.
This simple program is capable of producing high-precision automatic calculations for you, be it wooden or metal stairs. Let's try to figure out together what the design of a staircase with winder steps is, first of all. This type The stairs not only serve for convenient movement between floors, but also significantly save space in comparison with conventional flight stairs. Due to the absence as such between the marching platform, its aesthetic appearance increases, thanks to which it fits perfectly into any modern decor. Due to the fact that the interfloor platform is made in the form of steps, you save on material when constructing this structural element.
To calculate a staircase with winder steps with a 90-degree turn, you will need some initial data:
- Standard sizes, lengths and widths;
- Dimensions of the opening where the winder staircase will be located;
- Well, perhaps the most important thing is the geometric dimensions of the steps.
In the last point, you need to know and take into account some features.
- In narrow areas the most convenient size is considered 100 mm.
- In the central part of the step, the average size must be reduced to 250 mm.
- Well, on the widest area, experts recommend using a step depth of no more than 400 mm.
In this case, it is better to take the step height according to the standard within 15-20 cm. And the slope of the stringer for convenient ascent and descent is 30 - 40 degrees. You should also take into account the characteristics of the material from which you plan to make the staircase itself. It can be metal and wood, concrete and even glass. The last thing you should not forget about when calculating the stairs is the overhang of the tread over the riser, maximum size for this type of staircase should not exceed 5 cm.
Calculation results.
If you follow the rules and recommendations and enter the initial data correctly, as a result you will receive: the most accurate drawing of an L-shaped staircase to the second floor, a calculation of the staircase itself made in accordance with all GOST rules, as well as a safe and comfortable design after its installation.