Depending on the characteristics of the building, interior design and the desires of the owners, stairs can be of different types and types, from transformable outdoor stairs to combined stationary ones. About which frame ladder is better to choose, as well as about the features of the installation, read on.
You can divide stairs according to criteria: material, purpose, sound insulation and cladding in buildings, mode of operation, design, and so on. However, one of the most reliable and versatile are frame stairs with an iron frame. This type of stairs provides the buyer with an incredibly large range of frames, as well as the ability to change and create a staircase (for example, a corner one), taking into account absolutely any parameters of the overall interior design.
These are the most popular types of "skeleton" stairs, because:
- They are able to withstand high loads, temperature changes, air humidity and even natural disasters.
- They will not hold together, simple installation with winder steps.
- The price is quite acceptable.
Using German fasteners and met. profile, having secured foreign photo and video materials, using the calculation in the Compass program to create drawings, you can create a masterpiece in your own hands, incomparable with anything.
Staircase on a metal frame
Oddly enough, the most common type of frame has only two variations.
- closed;
- Open.
Closed - located behind the steps and panels, due to which welding seams are not visible, so cheaper metal elements can be used. Racks is a channel, which also performs the function of fasteners connecting the racks.
The steps are supported by metal corners, and, depending on their thickness, the strength of the steps and, accordingly, the service life of the staircase itself depend.
Open - this type of metal frame is more expensive than the previous one, since the rolled metal is outside here, the work is also quite complicated, since you have to work with a sheet of metal. There is no channel in the open "skeleton" of the stairs, the external support is made in the form of a "ladder".
There is an open frame with one kosour (bearing beam of the structure with combs on the upper part, on which the steps are installed, they can be sheathed with decoration), in it the above element is installed in the center of the steps, which visually gives the stairs lightness and airiness. There are also frames with two stringers, where they are located at the edges of the steps. The base of the stairs is an important part of the whole structure, since steps are attached to it.
Types of stairs on a metal frame
The base is responsible for the strength of the entire staircase structure, and it is necessary to approach its choice thoroughly.
There are several types of base frame stairs:
- wooden base;
- Metallic.
In wooden steps, the steps are attached to the base on a bowstring, that is, the step is inserted into a special slot and fixed with adhesives, or the step is attached to special cutouts located on the upper part of the stringer.
It is worth noting that the wooden base provides that the steps will also be made of wood. But the fence and elements of external decor can be made of other materials.
Metal, due to the properties of metal, the design is stronger and more durable than wood. There are many options for stairs with, but the most popular are stairs with wooden steps made of oak or beech. In public spaces and in houses with a large number of people, stone steps are installed, as this is the most durable, but expensive material.
Prefabricated metal frame stairs
There are cases when floors have already been installed in the room, and partial finishing has been done, therefore, it is impossible to install ordinary stairs. Then the prefabricated frame is a way out of the situation. It consists of prefabricated parts that are attached to each other.
The most popular options for prefabricated stairs are:
- On the central stringer, ;
- Spiral staircase, on two stringers,
- Prefabricated stairs for the street.
The foundation for the stairs is necessary, due to the large weight of the stairs and due to the heaving of the soil, which can lead to the destruction and deformation of the staircase structure. However, the destruction of the foundation may occur due to undermining of the soil or construction work near the building.
Foundations are often made deep, either below the freezing of the soil, or below just the vegetation layer, or otherwise shallow. For the first type of foundation, thick cast-iron or steel pipes are used, which are inserted into specially made wells. In shallow ones, special fastening systems are used to fix the ladder in a fixed position. However, in winter, the stairs will be deformed from frost heaving. Also, do not forget about the insulation of the wooden parts of the stairs in contact with the foundation, they must be protected with a waterproofing layer.
In conclusion, you can add only one simple rule, the staircase should be, first of all, safe and reliable, and only then - beautiful. If the staircase starts in the center of the hall, it is more expedient to install one large window right from the entrance before moving to the second floor in a beautiful binding.
The location of the windows depends on the location of the staircase itself, if, for example, it is made in the corner of the house, then, accordingly, it is necessary to make corner windows in the house.
iron frame staircase design
Stairs in private houses, despite their main function, descent and ascent, are distinguished by a variety of designs, both in design and shape, and in appearance. The manufacturing technology of the stairs is selected, depending on the capabilities of the owner of the house. Different types of stairs can, with a little building experience, even be made independently, and not go to the production of any company for the manufacture of stairs.
To make your own, follow these steps:
- You should use the photos of the stairs, then choose the most interesting option for yourself, which will best match the design of the whole house. You can make it yourself, using photographs and diagrams.
- The design of the stairs can also be done based on photographs and various samples, for example, it can be decorated both in a classic design style and decorated in an unusual way. For example, railings and balusters can be draped with fabric.
- Additionally, you can transform the staircase by arranging a small closed wardrobe under it or inside it with a different storage system, and this can be beaten in such a way that this wardrobe will be an element of the decor of the entire staircase.
You can decorate the stairs in a different way, the main thing is that the design style matches the design and decor of the corridor and also the design of the first and second floors.
It is interesting to look at such decor options as the glass railing of the stairs, as well as beautiful metal casting products that serve to decorate the stairs.
Optimal width and production of stairs on a metal frame
In order to determine the optimal dimensions of the stairs, it is necessary to take into account what it will specifically be intended for, whether dimensional things will move along it, how many people live in the house, etc. You should also consider where exactly in the house the stairs will be installed. If, for example, the staircase is installed along the wall, and few people live in the house, then the width of the stairs of 80–90 cm is quite enough. But if the staircase is standard, leading to the second floor, it should be made about 100 cm wide. Well, the maximum the width of the stairs in a private house is 150 cm.
This will allow you to safely transfer, if necessary, oversized cargo along it:
- If the staircase is spiral, then its width can vary from 60 cm, provided that it plays an auxiliary role and is used, for example, in the kitchen for descending into the underground for groceries. And if it is located in the house and is used to climb to the second floor, then its width must be at least 80 cm.
- If the ladder is used or for descending to the basement and is rarely used, you can get by with a width of such a ladder of 50–60 cm.
To use the stairs in the yard (folding or attached), its width of 55–60 cm is sufficient, the main thing is that it is stable and can withstand the weight of a person, and, if necessary, two.
Such stairs are simple in design and do not require any SNiP standards (Russia and the CIS) for their manufacture. If the owner of the house does not want to make such a staircase himself, he can buy it using the advertisements of individuals or buy it in special stores. It would be better to study the online video tutorial "Do it Yourself Maderm Forester" in order to determine the parameters live.
Making the cladding of the stairs on the metal frame
In order to decorate the staircase somehow unusual and interesting, you should look at a variety of projects, examples, in order to do something of your own based on them or simply copy them. For example, you can use wallpaper or various types of applications as wall decor. You can hang photos along the wall near the stairs.
If you need to make repairs, then after it you can also decorate the stairs in an original and effortless way:
- The walls near the stairs can be decorated with textured plaster or mosaics, the steps themselves can be decorated with multi-colored applications. You can decorate the staircase railing with fabric, flowers, colored stained-glass windows, etc.
- If there is a hitch with the design of the stairs, despite the examples, you should contact the specialists, the decorator will tell you the best option.
Which design options will be the most advantageous, you can only find out after trial and error. But there are certain exceptions in the design of stairs.
How to sheathe a ladder on a metal frame (video)
Frame front stairs, as a rule, do not require any special design, as they themselves are a decoration of the house. And other types of stairs, for example, outdoor ones, on the contrary, require additional design.
Design of stairs on a metal frame (photo examples)
The use of metal in the manufacture of ladder frames makes it possible to make structures reliable, stable and more durable than ladders made of other materials. But, not knowing what welding is, as well as its nuances and features, you should not take on the metal frame for the stairs with your own hands. This is fraught with unforeseen consequences, including damage to the elements of the stairs, which can lead to subsequent destruction of the structure. In this case, it would be better to buy a ready-made frame or order it from a specialized company.
Stair frames made of metal can have a variety of shapes, ranging from the simplest to the unique. On their basis, direct marching, turning and spiral staircases are made, with stringers or on bowstrings, for which they use:
- channels;
- I-beams;
- corners;
- metal sheets;
- profile metal box section;
- pipes for support of spiral staircases.
There are two types of metal staircase frame:
- hidden, which is made from cheaper metal profiles and subsequently sheathed with wood, plasterboard or other suitable materials;
- open, forming a single composition with steps and railings. In the future, it is treated with paints and varnishes.
Marching stairs
The aesthetic side of the hidden frame is not given much attention, since it is completely hidden under the decorative panels. Most often it is mounted from channels, which are inclined bearing supports, connected in pairs in two or more places, depending on the length of the stairs. Corners are attached to them or between them, which serve as the basis for the steps. Instead of profile metal for the frame, you can use sheet metal, but it must be of sufficient thickness, otherwise it will be unsafe to operate the ladder. The metal frame, ready and installed in place, is lined with materials selected and prepared in advance.
Open frames are usually made with one or two stringers made of a rectangular metal profile pipe, as well as channels or I-beams. In the first case, the staircase looks more elegant. Stringers are stepped, and then steps are laid on them. In a design with one stringer, metal platforms are attached under the treads, and the risers are not installed at all.
When using channels or I-beams for open frames as load-bearing supports, "kerchiefs" from the corners are welded on top of them, or horizontally located corners are attached to their inner side, to which two more connecting corners are welded, resulting in a frame frame for steps.
It is worth noting that an open metal frame for stairs with your own hands can only be made if you are completely sure that the welds will be made carefully and they will not spoil the appearance and aesthetics of the structure.
The readiness of the frame consists not only in its assembly, but also in the further cleaning of the welds and the processing of the structure with primers, as well as in the application of several layers of varnish or paint.
Spiral stairs
As a frame for a spiral staircase structure, there is a central support made of a metal pipe of medium diameter and one more, slightly larger, designed for fixing degrees. It is cut into sleeves about 26 cm in size strictly perpendicular. According to the shape of the steps, a template is made into which the corners cut to size are inserted, after which they are welded together.
Finished frames for the steps are welded to the sleeves, which are strung on the central rack. It should be noted that the sleeves on the pipe should "sit down" very tightly. Backlashes and distortions are not allowed! In extreme cases, sealing rings from a bar of the required diameter are welded into the sleeves.
After installing the frame and concreting the lower part of the support pipe, the frame frames for the steps are set to the desired position by turning the sleeves around their axis, and welded together using vertical metal strips that provide the ladder with additional strength and rigidity.
The metal frame is primed and painted, steps are laid and, if necessary, sheathed with wood or drywall.
07/14/2014 at 11:07
Manufacture of metal frames of stairs
The most popular and safe are stairs made of metal, based on a high-quality frame. It is possible to buy frameworks of metal ladders in our company for various rooms.
Their relevance is characterized by the indisputable advantages of the technological process. Our masters provide services production of metal frames of stairs with precise geometry.
Our company is engaged in production of metal frames for stairs, and sells products both at retail and wholesale. The frames of metal stairs, the cost of which will please you, can withstand heavy loads, so they are additionally decorated with all sorts of elements - original handrails, heavy spans.
We do not manufacture all stairs in a row, like most of our competitors.
We specialize in metal frame stairs because we are professionals in this field. Since we manufacture stairs exclusively on a metal frame, all employees are well versed in the range of products that we produce.
Metal stairs - examples of structures and installation technology
This reduces the risk of marriage.
Why is it worth ordering the production of metal frames for stairs from us?
For clients ordering our services, we provide favorable conditions for cooperation:
- Manufacturing metal stairs to the house required dimensions, taking into account all the wishes of the customer.
- Assembly, welding and painting activities are carried out in specially equipped workshops.
- This makes it possible to produce high-quality stairs in a short time.
- Accuracy of parameters and observance of angles are the guarantee of long-term service of our products.
We carry out production of metal frames for stairs several types:
Price fabrication of metal frame stairs closed type is less than the price of the frame of the open version.
The closed frame does not have certain requirements for appearance, since the components are located under the steps and spans. The production is carried out by highly qualified craftsmen, who carry out welding work as competently as possible. At the same time, the seams are absolutely not visible on the finished product.
Buy metal stairs to the house from the manufacturer - means to complement the interior with a unique attribute that will serve for a long time without losing its original qualities and visual presentability.
Our company not only sells metal stairs to the house, but also provides delivery of metal structures to the address specified by the customer.
We make metal streets with homemade hands
Something to negate the fact that the metal stairs of the street are an important architectural element of almost the entire building, allowing for this more elegant and unique form. Externally, the design of external steps is almost the same as the structure inside the building, but there are several different requirements as they are under constant humidity, sunlight, dirt, large temperature changes, etc.
Characteristics of a metal staircase
Metal stairs have many advantages that are uncommon for external stairs made of other materials:
- long life;
- the ability to create any type of stairs: screw, hike or other;
- all details and components can be realized in advance in accordance with the project, which allows you to build a staircase in a short time;
- easy handling of the material when it is done.
Because of these advantages, stairs are becoming more common.
Metal stairs are different:
- according to the form of the structure;
- by defining methods;
- with a termination method.
Metal stairs with wooden steps
The metal structure of the stairs, even with desire, is not very attractive.
And when you go up or down from it, there are some inconveniences. This is why many people try to stitch metal stairs with wooden steps. Plus, the metal and wood design will look great and match almost every style in your home.
The necessary materials for all work will be: a metal profile, reinforcing bars, channels, corners, pipes of different diameters.
First of all, you need a welding machine, a saw for metals and wheels, which makes it easy to get rid of vomiting.
The manufacturing process of the most common metal staircase is quite simple. The channels are installed on the edge and the dashboard is welded to them. Fences in most cases are made of steel steel, after which all the roughness and roughness is processed by a bicycle. Of course, without certain skills and knowledge, it is very difficult to create stairs, but if possible, it is possible, if necessary, and properly trained.
Now you can move on to cladding with wood for which the most common types of hardwoods have been selected.
To successfully complete the shoe making process, you will need the following:
- I forest;
- various nails, forks and bolts;
- ruler, water and construction;
- carpentry and other tools.
I step on a tree, you need to take care of the fence, which is desirable to do yourself, because this is a very difficult and delicate work.
It is better not to overestimate your capabilities and order them from experts.
The first step is to determine the material from which the steps will be made. Often this is oak, ash, beech or pine, so you must understand that the material must be resistant to wear.
The next step is to prepare the skin elements.
The material must be installed in such a way that there is no - or slot - in which all the parts are made of a phase made of wood, which is measured and numbered.
After that, the wooden elements are placed in the exchange. The top must be screwed on and then hung, resting firmly on the ladder, and also fastened.
So, one by one, along the entire length of the stairs. The back of the stairs is covered with drywall or wood paneling. But all this is done only after all the stages are already covered with wood.
When you're all set, test the power of the project design.
To do this, go through each step, they must be well seated and even to the minimum, they must not undergo minimal baptism. If there are some shortcomings, they should be corrected immediately.
The final touch, the completion of the formwork with the opening of the tree, the painting of all elements of the wooden staircase.
Finishing metal stairs with your own hands
The most common materials for processing stairs, in addition to wood, are stones and tiles. In addition, often the completion of metal stairs does not involve the use of any ready-made materials.
For example, stainless steel polished to shine looks very impressive. There can be the same shape of brass, with a special spray, completely marble.
In short, it all depends on the imagination and financial resources of the owner of the house.
If you have a lot of financial resources, it is advisable to see many photos of the finished product before the final parts. This will give you the opportunity to decide on the choice that you like.
In addition, the variety of staircase options is really impressive.
The best energy properties are artificial stone as a finishing material.
Do-it-yourself ladder on a metal frame: computer and editing, photography and video
This option is not only very efficient and elegant, but also very durable. Unfortunately, the serious disadvantages are rather high costs.
In addition, stone needs an expert for high-quality gaskets - tiles for their work will be very difficult, to say the least.
That is why it is the most popular and profitable material for finishing ceramic tiles, especially since there is no need for professional skills for tiling. I agree, well, one of us hasn't placed a tile at least once in a lifetime.
When choosing the shape of fences and columns, never forget that everything should be done in the same design style.
Do-it-yourself metal staircase cover
Above were the most common types of finishing metal steps, made by themselves.
But to this day, there are other types of gaskets that are not so rare.
One of them must be dealt with with great interest. This is an indoor rug that is cheap and available to almost all segments of the population of our country.
In this case, it does not need to be cut separately, even the carpet is elastic enough and can fit easily. The carpet is attached with the sides of plastic or special brass rods, which are fastened with special clips.
The problem with this ladder material is that it is short-lived, and outdoors is unlikely to last long.
In some cases, a coating and granite is used, which looks impressive, and is practically non-slip, but not very on ceramic tiles.
If you approach a metal ladder with your wits, you can do it yourself with your hand.
The main thing - I want.
A metal staircase has one important property, it is extremely versatile. Because the metal is bent, cutting, forging and twisting. Thanks to this, unique compositions are created with different twists and complex angles. You can use the stairs to enter the house, upstairs to the second floor, to the basement, and so on.
In addition, the metal ladder is extremely powerful, reliable, reliable and durable.
Metal staircase fabrication and assembly
He can handle heavy weights. However, all these functions that it has are performed by a specialist. If not properly designed, the stairs will be very dangerous. It is worth remembering this. For the construction of stairs, we need pipes of different diameters, channels, fittings and steel sheets.
Then let's see how to make a metal staircase.
Stair types
According to the manufacturing method, metal stairs can be welded and forged. The forging technique is very complex, it needs to be cured over many years. When welding, everything becomes easier. You can easily build metal stairs without too much trouble on your own if you have basic skills in welded hull.
These skills can only be acquired over a few hours of practice.
The most common and simple types of steps you can take yourself are:
- The ladder is on a metal kosher.
It is based on single beams and has special reefs on which stages are fixed.
- Metal staircase with screws.
This type of construction is made without a frame and consists of steps that are bolted to the wall.
- Ladder on cords.
It is made on several stands, including sliders and scrollers.
- Spiral staircase.
This type of ladder is still better for the craftsman.
Or, make them from ready-made parts.
- Finished steps.
This type of staircase consists of prefabricated modules. The composition of such a staircase is similar to the composition of the designer.
It is important to know that a ladder can only support a solid base such as a slab.
To improve reliability, you can install additional support under the stair escalation.
Ladder assembly tools
To work, you need to have a set of construction tools:
- Bulgarian, with a set of discs for 125 mm and 250 mm;
- electric drill with a power of at least 600 watts.
A set of drills for metals;
- welding machine;
- saw for metal;
- metal brush;
- a set of building levels;
- keys set;
- a hammer;
- goggles, gloves and a welding mask.
The tool is better to buy half or professional level of well-known manufacturers. Otherwise, if you break, you will not be able to complete the work and waste time. In addition, cheap tools are extremely dangerous, especially Bulgarians!
The same applies to consumables: grinding discs, drills and the like. A suddenly broken drill or a fragmented disc can cause serious damage to you and others.
We make our own stairs
Think about how to make a metal staircase, technological and production characteristics.
First you need to take measurements and choose the type of stairs. If the ladder is designed for one step, the slope should be approximately 45 degrees.
Our ladder will be made from 8-10mm channel thickness.
If sheet metal protection is provided, it is better that the steel sheet be stepped.
For steps on the outer steps, it is desirable that the embossed steel sheet has anti-slip properties.
The staircase diagram shown in the figure includes the use of the following materials:
- channel;
- metal steps with relief;
- metal "fil";
- welding sites;
- brackets for mounting stairs.
The step welding procedure would be as follows:
- Take the channel and place it on its side.
- Welded reinforcing bars or steel sheets to serve as the design.
- We take angle steel for rails.
The fittings are made from a "mare" placed on a beam.
Brackets for fasteners are welded to the "keel" on which the step is attached.
For ladder widths up to 1 meter, two pieces or a cap are sufficient.
If a wider staircase is available, three or more supporters are required. Finally, welding of all elements of the stairs by electric welding.
Support elements for stairs can be rings welded to channels or metal corners welded to beams.
It is very important that the tires are reliable. It is also very important to secure the elements of the stairs. It is advisable to grind sharp corners, remove burrs and grooves on the handle, which can damage it.
Increased attention should be paid to welds, since the destruction of even one of them can lead to the destruction of the entire structure, which will be dangerous only for health, but for life. In the manufacture of stairs, it is best to work with electric welding, which is considered the most reliable.
The metal is extremely durable, but without rust protection. To stand on the stairs for a long time, it must be cleaned and applied with a moisture-resistant coating or paint.
23. 12. 2013 at 11:12
Metal stairs have the widest use. Due to the characteristics of the materials from which they are made, such structures can be used both indoors and outdoors.
Today there are a large number of metal stairs of various configurations and types.
When choosing a metal staircase, however, like any other, questions such as dimensions, railing height, elevation angle, etc. always come first. Metal stairs have several advantages over stairs made from other materials. Due to this, in some cases, the possibility of using structures made of non-metallic materials is not even considered.
Most often, metal stairs are divided into mid-flight and attic.
Marching stairs are designed to enter the building and move between its levels. Such ladders can be made of steel with a polymer coating or stainless steel.
Do-it-yourself metal stairs
Also, structures of this type are made from other materials that have only metal railings for stairs. Such stairs can not be fully attributed to the metal.
Attic stairs are designed to provide access to the technical room located between the roof and the upper floor.
Such ladders can have a telescopic, spiral or claw-shaped design.
A metal ladder, which is mounted on the outside of the building from the ground to the roof, is called a fire ladder. It helps to carry out emergency evacuation of residents of the house or personnel working in the building in case of an unforeseen situation. The design of such a staircase can be marching or solid without intermediate platforms.
Also, a metal ladder can be used to provide access to the basement or cellar, be portable or used for the pool.
In the latter case, the metal staircase is made of stainless steel.
Metal stairs are used where wooden or concrete structures for easy vertical movement of people, due to their characteristics, cannot be used. The metal ladder is functional, durable and can be used in hazardous and hazardous industries.
DIY metal stairs
For most of us, metal structures are associated with real reliability and durability that other materials cannot provide.
Metal is also great for building stairs with your own hands.
What characterizes a metal staircase?
First of all, it is strength. The reliability of the metal structure is not in doubt even if the staircase is located on only 1 central stringer.
The stringers themselves can be assembled from a channel of various sections or corners fastened by welding.
How to make a metal frame stairs with your own hands
Welded stairs are highly practical, but it is unlikely that it will be possible to make a beautiful product the first time. It is best to start with a simple design, then move on to more complex solutions. If you have been actively working with metal for a long time, then you know how best to process it so that the staircase looks spectacular, beautiful and expensive.
The composition of the metal stairs
The biggest question that arises in front of any home master: “What kind of stairs should I make?” there is a fairly simple answer to this question - the one for which there is enough experience.
The simplest staircase is made on a welded joint of corners or square profiles on a longitudinal channel-bowstring.
More complex design options allow you to abandon the two kosour guides and leave the stairs on only one. Such stringers are called central and require the construction of an additional support platform under the steps.
It does not make sense to consider spiral steel stairs, since their independent calculation and manufacture usually take more than one month and require good metalworking skills.
How to cook?
The ladder is welded at the corners, measuring the width and height of the step so that the sheathing material is placed on it. It is necessary to take into account the thickness of the step and its width when calculating. Unlike wooden stairs, which are cut from a single stringer board, metal stairs, on the contrary, are welded from several elements. At the same time, all elements of pipes, channels or corners are pre-measured and cut.
The connection is carried out in a joint, without the use of additional anchor elements.
metal staircase design
Each owner decides for himself which design of the metal staircase to choose.
For some, square boxes of welded corner elements are enough. Someone will want something sophisticated and decorate the stairs with wooden steps. Fixing steps to the stairs is carried out using bolts of various sizes.
It is important to ensure that there is no distortion in the installed steps, otherwise the entire structure may be unstable.
Step by step workflow
- Select the type of stairs;
- Select the elements from which it needs to be made;
- Calculate the width and height of the steps;
- Cut the material according to the calculated values;
- Perform welding work.
Most often, welding is performed for each element, which are then assembled into a single structure also by welding.
- finish the stairs with the necessary materials.
A staircase made of a metal frame is the most durable and truly reliable structure. Due to the fact that most models involve further cladding of the frame, it will perfectly fit into any interior. The characteristic features of the frame for a metal staircase are described below.
Advantages and disadvantages
Of the main advantages of a metal frame structure the following points can be highlighted:
- the manufacture of this product does not require large financial costs and labor;
- the strength and reliability of the stairs - a correctly designed product can withstand a significant load;
- wear resistance of the assembly during welding of load-bearing elements;
- different kinds of metals can be used: from pipes and reinforcing steel to channels and I-beams;
- all kinds of combinations of materials and the formation of all kinds of structures;
- build a simple metal structure on your own, without the involvement of specialists;
- Huge variety of formats and configurations.
Of the shortcomings, it is worth noting the following positions:
- There is noise when walking up the stairs. But this can be easily avoided if the steps are sheathed with wood or decorative components.
- If the outer lining is damaged, then corrosion cannot be avoided. There is a way out - the use of chrome-plated metal.
- High price. The more decor on such a staircase, the more expensive it is. In addition, the cost increases due to labor-intensive installation.
Today, a welded steel frame for stairs in a private house is becoming more and more popular.
Types of bases
In addition to a large number of people, a metal frame is able to hold various decorative elements, in the manufacture of which metal was involved - railings and balusters. Considering the model of the staircase that is planned to be installed, the type of frame structure will be selected. All these subtleties are recommended to be taken into account at the first stages of planning.
The staircase can be spiral, turning or marching. As for the frame structure, there are only two main types: closed and open.
closed view. Such a frame structure involves subsequent finishing work, which will correspond to the preferences of the owner and the interior of the room. Since the frame is behind the panel and steps, the weld will not be visible. In this regard, you can use a cheaper metal. Channels are fastening for racks.
Open view. Such a frame takes into account the absence of subsequent finishing work. This design is selected in advance, taking into account the design of the room. Its cost is much higher than the previous version due to the fact that the metal elements are located in a conspicuous place. In this version, the channel is not used. For a stronger support, the staircase is constructed in the "ladder" format.
It is worth noting that the base of the stairs plays an important role. The base is most often wood or metal. For a wooden structure, the steps are fixed with a bowstring. In other words, the step is inserted into a specially prepared hole and fixed with a specialized adhesive, or the step is fixed in a special cutout located in the upper parts of the stringer.
The base made of wood involves the use of wooden steps, and decorative details and fencing can be made of any material.
The metal base is much more reliable and has a longer service life than the wooden counterpart. To date, there are a large number of variations of metal staircase structures, however, stairs with steps made of wood such as oak or beech are in high demand.
In a public institution or in a residential area with a large number of residents, it is recommended to install steps made of natural or artificial stone - this material is the most durable for operation, but its cost is high.
frame
Such a process as the production of a metal ladder frame is not recommended for people who do not have at least minimal knowledge of welding - this can be an extremely traumatic activity. In addition to skills and knowledge, you need to acquire the following tools:
- welding machine;
- grinder;
- drill;
- protective transparent glasses;
- welding mask;
- tape measure, pencil and square;
- clamping clamps;
- welding table;
- vise;
- brushes for transducers and priming solution;
- leggings for welding;
- rags for degreasing metal.
Of the auxiliary materials for the construction of the frame structure, several grinding and cutting discs, four kilograms of welding electrodes and a primer will be required.
There is a step-by-step algorithm for the construction of a metal frame, following which you can build a reliable structure:
- formation of a scheme with dimensional parameters of all elements;
- preparation of materials: cutting and processing;
- welding of all components;
- cleaning of seams from the appearance of protrusions;
- collection of all components of the frame structure;
- cleaning the structure from rusty deposits;
- priming and painting the frame;
- sheathing with wood or any other material.
Marching staircase. It is not so difficult to build a frame structure of this kind. For construction, a certain number of corners and channels will be required. Before starting installation work, you first need to make a diagram - this will help calculate the required amount of material. To date, a large number of ready-made schemes can be found on the Internet.
First of all, with the help of channels, you will need to weld the frame. Experts recommend replacing channels with profile pipes, which will help eliminate vibration when using stairs due to the high rigidity of the pipe. Then along the edges of the pipe (or channel) you need to weld the required number of corners. As for the steps, there are two different ways of laying them.
The first method involves ordinary laying on the corners. They, in turn, will be entirely located under the steps. The second method is designed for additional welding work. Two more corners will need to be welded to the corners located on the pipe (or channel). The result is a kind of frame, inside which steps will be placed.
For steps it is permissible to use iron sheets. Only in this case it is necessary to know that after the installation is completed, all joints must be processed using a sawing device to eliminate protrusions. Before painting the frame, you must first go through a special primer - this will protect the product from corrosion.
spiral staircase. For the construction of a spiral frame structure, you will need a strong pillar to create the central support of the frame and a tube for mounting steps, which is equal in length to the pillar. The tube for the steps is pre-cut into sleeves, the length of which is 260 mm. Cutting must be carried out exclusively perpendicularly, otherwise the even and correct installation of the steps will be impossible.
You need to make sure that the cut sleeves sit well on the central post, without skew. If it was not possible to select the required diameter of the sleeve, then seal rings made from rods of the required diameters will help to correct the situation. After the seals are ready, it is necessary to weld them and grind them with a manual milling cutter.
To make the steps come out the same, you can make a kind of conductor. To do this, you will need to glue together several wooden slats that would repeat the outlines of the required step. Then you need to put metal tubes inside at the right angle. Using a similar conductor, welding of steps will be simple and effective. Subsequently, the stage is welded to its sleeve.
For a stronger and more reliable foundation, the lower part of the central pipe is concreted.
- In order to avoid slipping of the foot when using the ladder structure, the frame must be sheathed with specialized materials.
- If the slope of the staircase in the living room is more than 40 degrees, you will need to use the staircase, which is called the "duck step". This design allows you to use the stairs, using each foot on its own step. This type of lifting may seem unusual, but it is quickly addictive.
- A spiral staircase is made of racks of different diameters, one of which acts as a central warping, the other for installing steps. It is required that the design be thought out in advance, and calculations were carried out for subsequent assembly.
The staircase in the house not only serves to climb to the floor above, but is also part of the interior, so the overall impression of the situation depends on its appearance. You can make it on a metal frame, if you understand the drawings and correctly assemble all the elements.
Frame staircase - a variety of types
There are various options for stairs, both in design and in the material of manufacture. The ladder on the metal frame can be welded or prefabricated. Welded are divided into three types: closed, open and on the same frame. Closed ones are the most economical. Since during installation all the elements are hidden under the skin, therefore, the cheapest material can be taken for the frame. Such products do not have a beautiful appearance and are often used in technical rooms and basements. But if you choose a beautiful sheathing, then the design can be used in residential areas. When choosing cheap material, do not forget about safety, the structure must be reliable and durable.
Open ones have two bearing elements (kosour), on which steps are mounted. For the manufacture of such products, a profile pipe with a square or rectangular section is used. Stringers are covered with a special enamel containing a primer. The metal profile frame is durable, reliable, has a long service life, is easy to install, allows you to make a staircase of any shape and size, both for indoor and outdoor use. This staircase has a beautiful and sophisticated appearance.
An open metal frame on one stringer is one load-bearing beam on which steps, a corner and a platform are mounted. Such products create the impression of transparency and lightness.
By design, the metal frame is divided into the following types:
- helical;
- straight;
- curvilinear;
- with turns.
The simplest option is the direct type. A staircase with turns can be with or without a platform. Screw-shaped types are used more in small areas, as they take up little space.
How to correctly calculate a metal structure?
In order for the staircase to be reliable, all calculations must be made before its manufacture. It is necessary to calculate the size of the steps, march, calculate in accordance with these dimensions the maximum load that the structure can withstand. Based on the loads, we select the type of stairs and the materials from which it will be made.
When calculating, the following parameters should be taken into account:
- distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second;
- the height of the riser, it should be comfortable - about 15-20 cm;
- tread width is selected from 20 to 30 cm;
- for residential premises, the slope of the stairs is made in the range from 25 to 45 degrees.
- for residential premises, the slope of the stairs is made in the range from 25 to 45 degrees.
To make the stairs convenient and safe for operation, use three formulas in the calculations:
- 1. Step formula: p 2 * p \u003d 62 (60-64) cm.
- 2. Convenience formula: p - p \u003d 12 cm.
- 3. Safety formula: p p \u003d 46 cm.
Where p is the size of the tread and p is the size of the riser. The distance from the last step to the ceiling should be at least 1.8-2 meters. The flight of stairs must be at least 90 cm wide. For a sloping design, more material is required. If children or the elderly will live in the house, then it is recommended to make a slope angle of 30 degrees. If you make a protrusion of the tread behind the frame by 2-3 cm, this will reduce the length of the stairs without worsening the operating conditions.
We create the basis of the future staircase - the frame in 6 steps
Before starting work, prepare the materials according to the calculations and cut the pipes. For the manufacture of a metal frame, you need to purchase a channel or a profile pipe with a square or rectangular section. Of the materials, varnish and paint for wood, fasteners, primer, degreaser, sheathing material, plywood, polymer glue should be stocked.
From the tools for making the product, prepare:
- welding machine;
- grinder;
- drill;
- drills for metal;
- building level;
- file;
- hacksaw for metal;
- keys set;
- screwdriver;
- square;
- a hammer.
To work with a welding machine, you need overalls that will protect you during welding. Having prepared all the materials and tools, we proceed to the manufacture of stairs on a metal frame. The complexity of installation is that you need to have welding skills and the ability to make neat seams. For the convenience of work, we first make a drawing indicating the load-bearing stringers, which account for a significant load.
- 1. Production begins with cutting pipes. If the staircase is on bowstrings, it is necessary to prepare two beams that serve as the base for the metal frame. To do this, we cut pipes with a length equal to the length of the span. If stringers are used, then to obtain two stepped elements, we cut the product according to the size of the tread and weld it together.
- 2. The lower end of the product (kosour or bowstring) is welded to the platform in the floor or to the platform. We weld the upper one to the platform of the second floor. Elements that are adjacent to the wall are fixed with anchors. The wall to which the product is attached must be a capital one, not a partition!
- 3. If the product is mounted on bowstrings, then to fix the steps on the beams, we weld the corners-kerchiefs.
- 4. When using heavy material for steps, we weld the corners to the stringers, forming a frame for the tread. If the sheathing is wooden, then when mounting the product, you can lay a step on top of the scarves and fix it with fasteners.
- 5. At the final stage of installation on the bowstring or stringer, we weld the fence.
- 6. Next, we grind the seams of the resulting structure, cover all the elements with a primer to protect them from corrosion.
The frame is ready, and you can start trimming.
Installation of steps and sheathing of the structure
For cladding, you can use wood, plastic, marble, glass. The classic version of the staircase sheathing on a metal frame is wood. Metal parts guarantee strength and resistance to stress, wood gives the structure an aesthetic appearance. For stairs with wooden steps, the most popular species are pine, ash, oak, larch, birch, beech.
Each step should be measured and prepared in advance, and for ease and speed of installation, assign it a serial number. To avoid chips during operation, give the edges a rounded shape. On wooden blanks, markings must be applied to indicate the places where the screws will be screwed. We retreat 2 cm from the edge, and 20 cm between the fasteners. We make the holes flush. To reduce stress when tightening parts, we use fasteners together with a washer.
In order for the wooden steps to lie as tightly as possible to the frame, we lay a plywood substrate. For fixing, we use a special glue with a filling effect.
After drying, it forms a hard layer that does not wrinkle during use. The substrate allows you to get rid of height differences that have arisen after welding, and from unsuccessful seams. We put wooden blanks for the steps on the substrate and fasten through it to the stringers. For reliability, fasteners are duplicated with glue. First we mount the tread, and then we install the riser. From below we fix the steps with a clamp. We start the sheathing from the top platform and gradually go down.
When all the steps are laid, we proceed to the installation of decorative elements. It is necessary to select and install a balustrade, which is needed mainly for security, but also performs a decorative function. An important element for safety during descent and ascent are balusters. As a standard, they are installed at a distance of 9-10 cm, but it is possible to install them after 13-22 cm. We install balusters along the edge of the steps, fixing them with special spiers. We attach railings on top of the balusters. They can be made from wood, metal, or a combination of different materials, depending on the design of the product.
We sheathe the entire metal frame with wooden panels, which should be prepared in advance, taking into account the protrusions. We first sheathe the stairs on the side, and then the steps and risers. Marches located on the back side of the metal structure, we make out with the help of drywall sheets. We cover the resulting design with varnish, paint or oil.
Ladder frames are a load-bearing part that is responsible not only for the reliability and stability of the structure, but also for its appearance. A huge advantage of this technology is its adaptive properties - initially you can assemble the frame by fitting it into the overall design plan of the room, and later finish it with any materials with the help of professionals or with your own hands.
The main types of frames are metal, wood and concrete. All of them have their advantages and disadvantages. Next, we will look at them in more detail and learn how to make a metal frame stairs.
Wooden frame stairs
Wooden stairs based on a wooden frame are the most popular solution for private houses. A solid appearance gives the room sophistication and speaks of the good taste of the owner. However, there are a number of disadvantages:
- High cost of quality materials. Valuable wood species have a very high price. In an attempt to keep the cost down, wooden stairs are made from cheaper grades, which brings with it the following problem.
- Noise and creak when walking. When using materials such as spruce and pine, namely, they are used in the manufacture of inexpensive stairs, over time the wood cracks, loses its original shape and makes unpleasant sounds under load. In addition, cheap components are often supplied not fully dried, which also leads to rapid deterioration of the product.
- Low resistance to mechanical damage. Wood, in itself, is a soft material, and more than others is subject to mechanical deformations under external influences. The coating for the steps will have to be periodically updated and repaired, which entails additional expenses.
Frame for concrete stairs
More practical is a staircase on a concrete frame. They are quiet, durable and reliable. However, there are also disadvantages here. And the main thing is the heavy weight of the product, which cannot simply be leaned on the floor slabs.
In this case, the assembly of the frame becomes much more complicated, because it is necessary to equip the supporting structures, which again requires additional investments and serious preparatory work. In addition, to give a more or less aesthetic appearance, you will have to work hard, because it requires certain skills. Most often, tiles or wooden steps are laid on a concrete frame.
Staircase on a metal frame
A ladder on a metal frame is the cheapest and most practical option. It can be modular, when the installation of the frame involves assembly in parts, and monolithic, if the flight of stairs is welded.
The cost of iron is much lower than wood or concrete, and a skilled welder will easily give the frame any desired shape. This technology is used for the construction of both external and internal stairs. For decoration, as a rule, wood or glass is used. To get rid of noise during descent and ascent, it is necessary to sheathe the metal frame with a special noise-insulating material.
A metal staircase with wooden steps is a great option for both indoors and outdoors. The first thing to start with is to draw up a project. It is simply impossible to keep everything in your head, so it is extremely necessary to perform calculations on paper, and only then proceed directly to assembling the stairs on the metal frame.
The easiest to install are interfloor wooden stairs, which are based on a modular frame made of metal, as shown in the video.
Another option for building stairs on a metal frame is welding a frame from a metal profile. The basis may be a kosour or a bowstring.
Kosour is the bearing element of the stairs, on which steps are subsequently laid.
A bowstring is an inclined beam. It is also a supporting element, only unlike the stringer, the steps are attached to it from the inside.
The first step is to make a frame. We need a channel and corners. A rigid frame is welded from the channels, on the edge of which corners are attached - supports for the steps.
Steps can be installed in two ways:
- lay on top of the corner with subsequent fastening, so that the corner is completely under the board.
- to the corners welded to the channel, two more corners are mounted, which form a frame. Steps will be placed in it.
If you use a profile pipe instead of a channel, then when walking along a flight of stairs, vibration will not be felt, since the pipe is much stiffer.
After the ladder on the metal frame is welded, it is necessary to treat the resulting structure with an anti-corrosion agent. There are two steps left:
- installation of the frame in the opening;
It should be remembered that the calculation of the stairs on the metal frame, the subsequent manufacture of the frame and installation is a painstaking and complex work that is quite difficult to do alone, with your own hands. In the absence of the necessary skills, it is better to turn to professionals.