Interjections and onomatopoeic words
their figurative and expressive capabilities and text-forming functions
Goals:
Actualization, expansion and deepening of students' knowledge about interjection as a special part of speech and onomatopoeic words, their use and spelling.
Formation of the skill of determining the visual and expressive possibilities and text-forming functions of interjections and onomatopoeia.
Improving the culture of oral and written speech of students, the skills of stylistic text analysis.
Preparation for the control test work
Raise interest in the Russian language, promote aesthetic education.
Equipment: handouts, textbook
DURING THE CLASSES
Org. moment
Language warm-up
Explain the punctuation in the following sentences.
Language is the first tool of labor, the first machine that helps a person to transform the world. Performing logical operations for us, he serves man and enslaves him. (A. Genis)
You can communicate with those who speak a different language, but not with those who put a completely different meaning into the same words. (J.Rostan)
Language is the best medium for establishing friendship and harmony. (E. Rotterdam)
What unites these statements about language? (Language serves man)
How do you understand the second sentence? Reveal its meaning.
Find words with the spelling "unchecked vowels at the root of the word."
Name the spellings in the word "explain".
Give an interpretation of the words: Language, Mediator, Enslave (if necessary, refer to the Explanatory Dictionary)
What is the common thought that unites these statements? (language must be treated with care. It is not only an intermediary for establishing friendship and harmony, but also a means of enslaving a person)
And language is also a way of self-expression and self-knowledge, the key to the door behind which lies the secrets and mysteries of the native language, let's try to open these secrets.
Subject. Goals.
Operational-cognitive stage
Block of theoretical information
Highlight with marks I know / need to be clarified / learned
1. A bit of history
(A.P. Romanov).
In the Academic Grammar of the Modern Russian Language, published in 1980, the interjection is defined as follows:
.
2. Classification of interjections
As expressive linguistic means, interjections are often used outside the actual emotional speech sphere. Such use entails a significant complication and expansion of their semantic and syntactic functions and leads to their convergence with the words of other lexico-grammatical classes.
onomatopoeia
Bang! A snowball flies through the window, And the recluse knows: Down there, his friend Calls with a sign.(V. Vysotsky); (L. Kassil); (A. Blok).
Interjections are divided into non-derivative and derivatives
To non-derivative .
When describing non-derivative interjections, primitive onomatopoeias are also noted, among which, along with words like include words such as bryak, bang, cap, slap, click
Of course, in their appearance, some onomatopoeic words are close to primitive interjections (it is interesting that among them there are many words containing sounds and sound combinations that are rare or even unusual for the Russian language: brr, um, whoa, ugh
Derivatives oh god, for god's sake and etc.?
drop it, it will be, you see and ish(from see)(from Pali), come on(simple.)please have mercy, tovs(from get ready), us(from bite), enough.
(from quiet , as well as connections uh uh uh uh huh.
.
stable combinations of type wait, wait, come on, come on.
b) expressions of will;
jump-jump, tsap-scratch.
(guard), incentives to respond (ay, hello, hey) (shhh, shhh, shhhh, choo, chur) .
-those and connect with the particle -ka . Interjection ay , Zhenya, where are you?
vocative (conscription) kitty-kitty, duck-duck, chick-chick) and the so-called verbal interjections boom, here rumble, clap, click, somersault
There are many unresolved problems in the study of interjections, but academician V.V. Vinogradov: “... semantic analysis; clarification of the essence of those linguistic phenomena that form and expand the category of interjections; revealing patterns in the transition of different parts of speech and modal words into interjections, its syntax.
PHYSICAL MINUTE
Stage of development of knowledge and skills
Ex. 231 - write out interjections and onomatopoeia from sentences, characterize interjections
* Analysis
Homonymy of interjections and words of other parts of speech
Analysis of proposals (collectively)
How to distinguish between cases of homonymy
- Ay! Respond! (Ay is not a member of the proposal)
Here came the ay in the distance (N. Nekrasov) (ay - addition)
- Guard! Help! (Sentry is not a member of the offer)
There is an honor guard at the mausoleum (au - subject)
Individual card work
Describe interjections (or homonymous words) by origin and use in speech
I. It is a non-derivative interjection that appeared when expressing feelings or wills with sounds, as well as when onomatopoeia;
II. It is formed from words of other lexical and grammatical categories, but is used (individually or in a given combination of words) usually as interjections;
III. A word or a combination of words of another lexico-grammatical category in this context is used as an interjection;
IV. Interjection used in the meaning of another part of speech
Ah, for a long time I could not forget two legs ... 2. He explained his subject slowly, viscous, boring, with endless "hm" and "ege". 3. And he shouted to the dark starless sky: “Lord! How terrible!” 4. The mousetrap clapped shut. 5. Hey, it's not a pity to give souls for the look of a black-browed beauty. 6. “Fuck you,” Krapivin sighs heavily.
Oh my father! little income. 2. “Hey-gey” was heard across the river 3. That's a shame! Again I put a blot on paper! 4. He fucked me over the head! 5. “Oh-oh,” Krapivin groans, thumping into a chair. 6. But, my God, what a bore to sit with the patient day and night ...
Onomatopoeia
Analysis text.
Open brackets, insert missing letters and punctuation marks, parse, identify parts of speech, indicate their role in the sentence.
Comment. Whatever Blokhin prepared his unit for, neither he nor his players clearly expected such an opponent. And who expected? These are truly frantic opponents - just a flicker in the eyes and a “whack-whack” in the ears.
Let us pay special attention to the variety of particles (both form-building and semantic), prepositions, conjunctions and the onomatopoeic word. It acts as a noun-subject. This role of the onomatopoeic word is evidenced, in particular, by the subject flickering homogeneous with it.
creative work
Exercise 1
Read the poem and answer the questions:
What words are in the poem? (Interjections and onomatopoeic words)
A Slightly Unusual Nonpoem
Zhzhzhzhzh TOP-TOP
zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzh
bam! TOP-TOP-TOP.
F…f…zhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzhzh.
SHLEP!!!
Zhzhzhzhzh... ...
(T. Sobakin)
What happened in the poem?
How did you guess?
What name would you give it? Why?
The poem is called "How a clever hippopotamus chased an impudent fly in a cramped room where there were a lot of glassware."
**Task 2
Try to compose a similar story using interjections and onomatopoeic words, do not forget to give it a title.
For a snack
It turns out that people different nationalities various
Compare:
| cock crow | Dog's bark |
|
| Russian | crowing | WOF WOF |
What are these differences?
2. Cuckoo. How do you think the cuckoo got its name?
Of course, for the fact that she cuckoos, she shouts: Ku-ku! Ku-ku!. You probably already guessed that the cuckoo itself told people what to call it. And it was not only the Russians who heard this. In many countries the name cuckoo sounds like Russian. The Czechs - cuckoo, among the Bulgarians - kukuvitsa, the Germans - kukuk, the French - Cookie, the Italians - kukono. All these peoples paid attention to one sign - the call of the cuckoo, so the name of the bird in different languages sounds very similar.
Lesson results. Reflection
Homework
30, 31; ex. 234; prepare for the control test work
Unsolved problems in the study of interjections
1. A bit of history
Interjection is a little-studied class of words, which, due to its intermediate position in the general system of parts of speech of the modern Russian literary language, has not yet received an exact definition.
In the history of science, there are two points of view on interjections.
The first, which marked the beginning of the scientific interpretation of interjections, is associated with the name of M.V. Lomonosov. It was developed by A.Kh. Vostokov, F.I. Buslaev, A.A. Shakhmatov, V.V. Vinogradov and A.I. Germanovich. The views of these scientists were accurately expressed by Academician V.V. Vinogradov: "interjections are functionally close to different parts of speech." Supporters of this point of view:
a) recognize interjections as part of speech;
b) do not make a sharp distinction between words expressing emotions and words expressing thoughts, i.e. do not tear off interjections from the general system of parts of speech;
c) raise the question of studying the structure of interjections, their function in speech, and the history of their formation.
The second point of view is connected with the names of N.I. Grecha, D.N. Kudryavtseva, D.N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovskiy, A.M. Peshkovsky, V.A. Bogoroditsky and others. Proponents of this point of view:
a) do not consider interjections as words and exclude them from the parts of speech;
b) do not consider interjection words as a fact of articulate speech, an act of conscious speech creativity;
c) refuse to study the structure of interjections, their syntactic properties.
Such polar points of view on the interjection allowed Academician L.V. Shcherbe call it "an obscure and vague category", "an unfortunate misunderstanding". In the 40-60s, during the period of active linguistic disputes, interjections remained "linguistically deprived" (A.P. Romanov). In the 70s, the fundamental work of A.I. Germanovich "Interjections in the Russian language", after which interjections were recognized as part of speech and ... undeservedly forgotten.
In the "Academic Grammar of the Modern Russian Language", released in 1980 (hereinafter "Gr.-80"), the following definition is given to the interjection:
Interjections are a class of unchanging words that serve to undividedly express feelings, sensations, mental states and other (often involuntary) emotional and emotional-volitional reactions to the surrounding reality: ah, ba, fathers, brr, well, well, wow, oh, pardon, so-and-so, pah, cheers, wow, fi, hell, let's go, alle, atu, ay, scat, guard, stop, u-lu- lu, kitty-kitty, chick-chick-chick.
Interjections characterize the emotional sphere of the language, where they are used without connection with other words and, of course, not for the connection of the latter. Interjections can receive independent intonation design.
2. Classification of interjections
In the system of parts of speech, interjections occupy a special position. As words devoid of nominative meaning, they do not belong to any of the significant parts of speech. At the same time, interjections also differ significantly from service words, since their role in the syntactic organization of the text is not similar to the role of particles, conjunctions, and even more so, prepositions.
In “Gr.-80” it is noted that “according to a number of signs, interjections are adjacent onomatopoeia, which are conditional intentional reproductions of sounds accompanying actions performed by a person, animal or object: khe-khe, wa-wa, ha-ha-ha, hee-hee, quack-quack, chik-chirr, yap;bam, boom, bang, smack, clap, crunch ". But then we should immediately make a reservation about what onomatopoeic words are for us - one of the unexplored groups of interjection as a part of speech or a special, “semi-significant” (like interjection) part of speech.
M.A. Telenkova characterizes these words as follows:
“In appearance, onomatopoeic words approach (and therefore are not) interjections, but differ from them in that they do not express either feelings or wills.”
Thus, the words highlighted above act as onomatopoeic only in the function of "the main member of the so-called interjectional sentence": Bang! A snowball flies through the window, And the recluse knows: Down there, his friend Calls with a sign;-Boom! Poo!.. Poo!.. Lelya!.. I can see you, I have already killed you twice... And you keep crawling. Let's do "mind, not games"!;Fuck-tah-tah! - and only the echo Responds in the houses ...
Depending on the feature that underlies the division, two classifications of interjections are considered.
By origin (methods of education) interjections are divided into non-derivative and derivatives
To non-derivative include interjections that have no connection in the modern language with any of the significant parts of speech, such as ah, ah, ah, ah, ah, ba, brr, shove, gay, hey, them, na, but, well, oh, wow, oh, oh, whoa, whoa, ugh, alas, u-lu- lu, uh, uh, fi, fu, ha, hee, ho, chick, hey, ehm, eh.
When describing non-derivative interjections, non-derivative onomatopoeias are also noted, among which, along with words like agu, khe-khe, ha-ha-ha, ho-ho-ho, wa-wa, yoke-go, kar-kar, woof-woof, meow, moo-woo, snort, tra-ta-ta, jin- ding, bang-tah-tah include words such as bryak, bang, cap, slap, click etc. Here there is a mixture of these parts of speech and non-delimitation of their lexical composition.
Of course, in their appearance, some onomatopoeic words are close to interjections (it is interesting that among them there are many words containing sounds and sound combinations that are rare or even unusual for the Russian language: brr, um, whoa, ugh), however, onomatopoeia differs from interjections in that they are used only as an expressive stylistic means.
Derivatives interjections are a group of words that are correlated to varying degrees with words or forms of a particular significant part of speech. In this regard, questions often arise: have all of them already turned into interjections? in which group to consider the words of etiquette? how to distinguish appeals to God in prayer from interjection expressions oh god, for god's sake and etc.?
Among the derivative interjections correlated with nouns are the words fathers, mothers, God, hell, etc.
A significant number of derived interjections are associated with the verb: drop it, it will be, you see and ish(from see), hello (those), sorry (those), please(from Pali), come on(simple.)please have mercy, that's enough.
Derivatives of interjections associated with pronominal words, adverbs, particles or conjunctions are single: won (simple), something, eva (simple), ek, eka; out, away, away; already (simple), however; ts, tsh, tss, sh-sh-sh(from quiet). It is also customary to include non-segmentable or weakly articulating combinations of a non-derivative interjection with a particle or pronoun: yeah, on you (here), well, well, yes, oh, as well as connections uh uh uh uh huh.
A prominent place among derivative interjections is occupied by stable phrases and phraseological units: Holy Lights, good God, Lord, my God, God forgive me, tell me for mercy, here are those (be) times, that's it, as it were not so.
Unlike non-derivatives, derivatives of interjections are a replenishing group of words. The main sources of replenishment here are evaluative nouns like sorrow, misfortune, death, fear, tobacco, pipe, skiff, stable combinations of type like this cranberry, like this thing, like this number, as well as verb forms with the meaning of motivation: wait, wait, come on, come on.
According to their semantic functions are divided into groups of interjections:
a) emotions and emotional evaluations;
b) expressions of will;
c) etiquette (greetings, wishes, thanks, apologies). The division of interjections according to semantic functions does not coincide with their division according to the methods of formation.
Emotional interjections are close to onomatopoeia (ha-ha-ha, hee-hee-hee, wa-wa, meow, yap-yap, bryak, click, bam) and verb-interjective forms like jump-jump, tsap-scratch.
Interjections of will express commands and calls addressed to people or animals. A significant part of them, representing borrowings from other languages, belongs to the professional speech of the military, hunters, sailors, builders, animal trainers: fu, fas, alle, anchor, aport, arrier, down, isi, kush, pil, tubo, shersh, myna, vira, halfundra. In addition to these words, this semantic sphere includes interjections - calls for help (guard), incentives to respond (ay, hello, hey), demands for silence, attention, consent (shhh, shhh, shhhh, choo, chur), inducement to carry out or stop any action (come on, atu, drop it, scat, take it, come on, shoo, march, on, but, fall, whoa, coven).
Due to their semantic proximity to the imperative mood of the verb, interjections expressing wills reveal a number of specific verbal features. Some of them are able to attach postfix -those (on - here, well - nut, come on - come on, tsyts - tsytste, scat - spit) and connect with the particle -ka (na - na-ka - nate-ka - na-ka, well - well-ka - nute-ka - well-ka, come on - aidate-ka). An even greater number of such interjections show the ability to syntactic links with different parts of speech - nouns, adverbs, more often pronouns: mind me, well, you, tsits (shuffle) from here, march home, go to the river, to the apple. Interjection ay, hello, hey, na, well, whoa, u-lu-lu can be used when referring to: ay , Zhenya, where are you?
But, despite this "verbal" imperative interjections, when classifying, they fall into a special group vocative (conscription) interjections (they are formed from everyday appeals to pets: kitty-kitty, duck-duck, chick-chick) and the so-called verbal interjections(they are also called interjective verbs, verb-interjective forms) like clap, twirl, look, max-max, mortuary, snitch, lope, knock, slap, talk, poke, hap, grab, shake etc., formally and functionally coinciding with primitive onomatopoeia of the type boom, here(in "Gr.-80" this series continues with forms like rumble, clap, click, somersault) etc. All of them convey the meaning of emotional will, but have not yet been included in a single classification.
Describe interjections (or homonymous words) by origin and use in speech
I. It is a non-derivative interjection that appeared when expressing feelings or wills with sounds, as well as when onomatopoeia;
II. It is formed from words of other lexical and grammatical categories, but is used (individually or in a given combination of words) usually as interjections;
III. A word or a combination of words of another lexico-grammatical category in this context is used as an interjection;
IV. Interjection used in the meaning of another part of speech
1. Alas! Tatyana fades, turns pale, goes out and is silent. 2. Hurrah broke out far away. 3. The king howled: “Oh, children, children! Woe is me! both of our falcons got caught in the net! 4. And the girl-hee-hee-hee! yes ha ha ha! Not afraid to know sin. 5. Oh, you vile glass! 6. “Thank you, Drop,” he says.
Open brackets, insert missing letters and punctuation marks, parse, identify parts of speech, indicate their role in the sentence.
What (would) (not, neither) prepared his subdivision ... Blokhin such a rival ... he (not, neither) he, (not, nor) his players clearly (not, nor) expected ... gave. Yes, and who waited .. gave (that)? Here is (already) truly ... well (not, not) earnest opponents ... only opponents ... flickering in the eyes and “whack-whack” in the ears.
A Slightly Unusual Nonpoem
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Zhzhzhzhzh TOP-TOP
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bam! TOP-TOP-TOP.
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SHLEP!!!
Zhzhzhzhzh... ...
bam! bam! Shmyak. zhzhzhzhzhzh And it became quiet. bam! Boom! Ding!..
(T. Sobakin)
It turns out that people different nationalities various hear the sounds made by animals, birds.
Compare:
| cock crow | Dog's bark |
|
| Russian | crowing | WOF WOF |
What are these differences?
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- b OBU TBOYNBM LFP-OYVHDSH?
- oEF, OP VSCHMY UCHIDEFEMY, - CHPTBTSBM DTHZPK NEOSCHYKUS.
- UCHYDEFEMY OE UYUYFBAFUS, - PFTEYESCHCHBM RETCHSHCHK, Y EZP DPCHPD UCHETIEOOOP YUYUETRSCCHBM CHPRTPU - DBMSHY HTS UMEDPCHBMB THLPRBYOBS UICCHBFLB.
- Oh, UFP C? whdeysh NEOSFSHOUS? - RTYUFBCHBM vTYOLEO.
RBMShGSCH ZTHHHPCHB UMPTSYMYUSH CH UYNCHPMYUEULYK OBBL Y RTYVMYYYMYUSH CHRMPFSH L DMYOOPNKH PUFEKGB.
- about-LB-USH, CHCHLKHUY.
- with FEVE DBN VBOKH LYMEL Y RETPYOOOSCHK OPTSYUEL, - FPTZPCHBMUS vTYOLEO, PFCHPTBYUYCHBS CH FP CE CHTHENS ZPMPCH PF ZTKHЪCHULPZP LHLYYB Y PFCHPDS EZP PF UEVS THLPK.
— rTPCHBMYCHBK!
- th FTY DEUSFLB RHZPCHYG. CHUE OBLMDOSHCH Y Y Y OII YUEFSHCHTOBDGBFSH ZETVPCHSHCHI.
- b OH FEVS L UETFH, RETEG. pFCHSTSYUSH.
- th YEUFSH VKhMPL.
— rPYEM L UETFH...
— hFTEOOOYI VHMPL. CHEDSHOE CHEETOOYI, B HFTEOOYI.
- RPMESH EEE, RPLB S FEVE H NPTDH OE DBM! — CHDTKhZ UCHYTERP PVETOKHMUS L OENKh zTHJPCH. - VTSCHUSH, LPMVBUOYL! .. oh, NPMPDETSSH, LFP RPLHRBEF? bB DCHB U RPMFYOPK PFDBA, FBL Y VSHCHFSh...
OPCHYYULY NPMYUBMY, OP RP YI ZPTSEIN ZMBBBN CHYDOP VSCHMP, LBLYN CHSHCHUPLYN UYBUFSHEN LBBMPUSH YN PVMBDBOYE TEDLPK YZTHYLPK.
- Oh, RPUMEDOEE UMPCHP, TEVSFB, - DCHB GEMLPCHSCHI! — LTYLOHM ZTHHHCH, RPDSHNBS CHSHCHUPLP OBD ZPMCHPK ZHFMST Y CHETFS YN. - UBNPNKh DPTPCE ... oh - TBE! DCHB? h FP CHTENS EZP ZMBIB CHUFTEFYMYUSH U OBRTSEOOSCHN CHZMSDPN vKHMBOYOB.
- b-b! vHMBOLB! - LYCHOHM ENH ZPMCHPK ZTHHHPCH. — rPLHRBC ZHPOBTSH, VKHMBOHILB. vKHMBOYO UNHFYMUS.
- with VSC U TBDPUFSHHA ... FPMSHLP ..
— uFP FPMSHLP? DEOEZ OEF? dB S UEKYUBU YOE FTEVHA. h PFRHUL RPKDEYSH?
- CHPF Y CHPSHNY X TPDOSCHI. LY DEOSHZY - DCHB THVMS! oEVPUSH, DCHB-FP THVMS FEWE DBDHF? b? dBDHF DCHB TXVMS. wHMBOLB?
VKHMBOYO Y UBN OE REFINERARY VSC ULBBFSH: DBDHF ENH DPNB DCHB TXVMS YMY OEF. OP UPVMBO RTYPVTEUFY ZHPOBTSH VSCHM FBL CHEMIL, UFP ENH RPLBBMPUSH, VHDFP DPUFBFSH DCHB TXVMS UBNPE RHUFPE DEMP. "oh. X UEUFET DPVHDH, UFP MY. EUMY NBNB OE DBUF ... chschETOKHUSH LBL-OYVHDSH ”, - HURPLBYCHBM PO RPUMEDOYE UPNOEOIS.
— dPNB DBDHF. dPNB NOE OERTENEOOP DBDHF, FPMSHLP...
- OH CHPF Y RPLHRBC, Y RTELTBUOP, - UHOHM ENH zTKHHPCH CH THLY SAIL. - FChPK ZHPOBTSH - CHMBDEK, ZhBDDEK, NPEC nBMBOSHEK! deYECHP PFDBA, DB HTS PYUEOSH FS NOOE, vKHMBOLB. RPOTBCHIMUS. b CHS. VTBFGSCH, - PVTBFYMUS PO L OPCHYULBN, - CHSC, VTBFGSCH, UNPFTYFE, VKHDSHFE UCHIDEFEMSNY, UFP VKHMBOLB NOE DPMTSEO DCHB THVMS. OH, YUHT, NEOB VE TBNEOB... umschyyfe? fsch, ZMSDY, OE CHODKHNBK OBDHFSH, - OBZOKHMUS ACCORDING TO CHOKHYYFEMSHOP L vKHMBOYOKH. — pFDBYSH DEOSHZY-FP?
- oh CPF. lPOEYUOP, PFDBN.
— bVPTSYUSH.
— ChPP, EC-VZHP, PFDBN, UEUFOPE UMPCHP...
- mBDOP ... b FP X OBU ЪOBEYSH LBL.
J, RPDOEUS L MYGH WHMBOYRB LHMBL. zTHЪPCH RPCHETOHMUS ABOUT LBVMHLBI Y CHSHCHRMSHCHM YЪ PFDEMEOYS UCHPEK YBFBAEEKUS RPIPDLPK.
oChPZP IPSYOB ZHPOBTS FPFUBU CE PLTHTSYMY FPCHBTYEY. UP CHUEI UFPTPO RPFSOHMYUSH TSBDOSH THLY.
- b OH-LB, RPLBTSY ZHPOBTSH, vKHMBOLB. yuEZP CE FShch EZP RTSUEYSH? vHMBOHILB, DBC RPUNPZTEFSH.
zhPOBTSh UFBM RETEIPDYFSH Y THL CH THLY, CHSHCHCHCHBS FP IBCHYUFMICHSHCHE, FP DEMPCHSHCHE, FP ChPUFPTTSEOOSCHE, FP LTYFYYUEULIE EBNEYUBOYS. h PVEEN, PDOBLP, YZTHYLB VPMSHYYOUFCHH PYUEOSH RPOTBCHYMBUSH: POB PVEEBMB CH VHDHEEN CHUENH PFDEMEOYA NOPZP ЪBVBCHOSCHI NYOHF. OP UBN VKHMBOYO, Ubedychykchykchychy Zambniy BB ZPOBETEN, Oprydychyunus H Yuhtsyi THLBI, h FP Tseta Covens OE PEKHEBM H UREY PCjudbenpk TBDPUFY, - H THLBY ZTHHPCH, YADBMY, ZPOKTSH LBBMUS ZPTBDP OBBNBYUKHEYYYYYYYYYYYYYAYAYUHEYAHEY.
— fsch UNPFTY, VKHMBOLB, — RPUPCHEFPCHBM UEMSHULYK, TBZMSDSCHCHBS OB UCHEF LBTFYOLKH, OBTYUPCHBOOKHA OB UFELMSOOPK RMBUFYOLE, — UNPFTY, DEOSHZY-FP OERTENEOOOP RTYOYOY.
- LPOEYUOP, LPOEYUOP, RTYOEUKH.
- UNPFTY CE ... B FP ...
- b FP YuFP? — URTPUYM IERPFPN vKhMBOYO, Y EZP UETDGE UTSBMPUSh PF OESUOPZP RTEDYUKHCHUFCHYS.
- VYFSH VKhDEF, - ULBBM UEMSHULYK FBLCE IERPFPN. fsch EZP OE ЪOBEYSH... BY PFYUBSOOSCHK. eUMMY OE OBDEEYSHUS DPUFBFSH DEOEZ, MKHYUYE HTS RPDY OENH CH RETENEOLCH Y PFDBK OBBD ZHPOBTSH.
- OEF, OEF ... BYUEN TSE? with PFDBN ... uFP Ts ... rPUME UMPC UEMSHULPZP ON UTBYH Y PLPOYUBFEMSHOP PIMBDEM L UCHPEK RPLHRLE. “th BYuEN NOE VSMP RPLHRBFSH FFPF ZHPOBTSH? - DKhNBM PO U VEURPMEPK DPUBDPK. — OH, RETEUNPFTHA WITH CHUE LBTFYOLY, B DBMSHIE UFP CE? PE CHFPTPK TB DBTSE Y OEYOFETEUOP VHDEF. dB Y DBUF MY NBNB DCHB TXVMS? dChB THVMS! GEMSCHI DCHB THVMS! b CHDTKhZ POB TBUUETDYFUS, DB Y ULBTSEF: OBFSH OYUEZP OE BOBA, TBDEMSCHCHBKUS UBN, LBL IPYUEYSH. YI, DETOHMP TSE NEOS UHOHFSHUS!
rTYYEM VBFAYLB. h PVPYI PFDEMEOYSI RETCHPZP LMBUUB HYUYM OE UCHPK, ZYNOBYUEULYK UCHSEOOIL, B Y RPUFPTPOOEK GETLCHY, RP ZHBNYMYY REEETULYK. b OBUFPSFEMEN ZYNOBYYUEULPK GETLCHY VSCHM PFEG nYIBYM, NBMEOSHLYK, UEDEOSHLYK, ZPMHVPZMBSCHK UFBTYYUPL, RPIPTSYK ON oYLPMBS-HZPDOYLB, YUEMPCHEL PFNEOOPK DPVTPFSCH DHYECHOPK OETSOPUFY Q, P BUFHROYL IPDBFBK RETED DYTELFPTPN B RTPCHYOYCHYYIUS RPYUFY EDYOUFCHEOOPE MYGP, n LPFPTPN vHMBOYO CHSCHOEU dv UFEO LPTRHUB UCHEFMPE CHPURPNYOBOYE.
REEETULYK, UPVUFCHEOOP, DBTSE YOE VSCHM UCHSEOOILPN, B FPMSHLP DSHSLPOPN, OP EZP CHUE TBCHOP CHEMYYUBMY "VBFAYLPK". LFP VSBYK ZYSBOF, CheUUSH KHEDYK HA STYCH YESTOST'S CHICHPU JU HUFH, PTZPNUKH VPTPDYEKH, RTYUEN LBRTYABS SODSHVB, Fpyop about Uneey, DBMB EHH CHNEUFP LERLPZP VBUB FPEOFLYK, Zubchschkyhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh ChPLTHZ EZP Fenosy ZMK - VMShyyyi, Ltbuchischi, Chamboretchi Velunummy - Chutub Metzbmi NBUMOOYUFACE LPTYYYUKHCHT LTHZY, YUFP RTYDBCHBMP EZP MIGH RPDPTFEFEMCHUKK PFEPEOPL OE FP Emeekopufi, OE FP Tbchtbfb. RTP UIMKh REETULPZP CH ZYNOBYY IPDYMP NOPTSEUFCHP MEZEOD. ZPCHPTYMY, YuFP PYUEOSH YUBUFP NBUUYCHOSCHE DKHVPCHSCHE UFHMSHS OE CHSHCHDETSYCHBMY FSTEUFY EZP PZTPNOPZP FEMB Y MPNBMYUSH RPD OIN. tBUULBSHCHCHBMY FBLTSE, UFP CH UFBTYYI LMBUUBI, ZPCHPTS P TBMYUOSCHI DBTBI, OYURPUSHMBENSCHI OEVPN YEMPCELKh, BY RTYVBCHMSM: “CHOYNBKFE, AOPY, U KHUETDYEN UMPCKH VPTSYA, Y CHSHCH VKhDEFED FBL BL”. th VHDFP Vshch RTY LFYI UMPCBI, REEETULYK CHSHCHFBULYCHBM YJ LBTNBOB NEDOSCHK RSFBL Y FHF TSE, ABOUT ZMBBI YЪHNMEOOOPK BHDYFPTYY, UCHETFSHCHBM EZP H FTHVYULH.
OP YUEN HTS DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP EZP ZPURPDShOE CHSHCHULBM, FBL LFP LTBUOPTEYUYEN. pVYaSUOSM ON UCHPK RTEDNEF NEDMEOOP, FSZHYUE, ULHYUOP, U VEULPOEYUOSCHN "ZN ..." Y "LZE ...", U RPCHFPTEOYSNNY PDOPZP Y FPZP CE UMPCHB. RPD EZP NPOPFPOOPE RYMYLBOSH OECHPMSHOP UMYRBMYUSH ZMBBJB Y ZPMPCHB UBNB UPVPK PRHULBMBUSH ABOUT ZTHDSH, PUPVEOOP EUMY HTPL RTPYUIPDYM RPUME IBCHFTBLB. ChPURYFBOOYLY EZP OE MAVYMY, OEUNPFTS DBCE OB EZP MEZEODBTOHA UIMH, LPFPTBS CH ZYNOBYY GEOYMBUSH CHCHUEI DBTCH, OYURPUSHMBENSCHI OEVPN YuEMPCHELH. h OEN YUKHCHUFCHCHBMUS MYGENET. According to UFBCHYM IPTPYYE PFNEFLY, OP YUBUFP TsBMPCHBMUS ABOUT CHPURYFBOOYLPCH YOURELFPTH. LTPNE FPZP, PO "B CHUSLHA NBMPUFSH" ЪBRYUSCHCHBM RTPCHYOYCHYIUS CH LMBUUOSCHK TSKHTOBM, UFP YURPMOSM LBMMYZTBJYUEULYN RPYUETLPN, PYUEOSH NOPZPUMPCHOP Y CHYFYECHBFP. PDOBCDSCH BY BRYUBM VKHMBOYOB IB "LPEHOUFCHP, UCHIOPRPDPVYE Y UFTPRFICHPUFSH". UCHYOPRPDPVYE BLMAYUBMPUSH CH OECHSHCHYUYEEOOOSHI UBRPZBI, UFTPRFICHPUFSH - CH OEOBOYY HTPLB, B LPEHOUFCHP - CH FPN, UFP LFP-FP Yb PFDEMEOIS OBCHBM REETULPZP "LPMFONECHEBOPU, LFP"
ABOUT FFPF TB HTPL LBBMUS vHMBOYOH PUPVEOOP DMYOOSHCHN. fPMSHLP UFP RTYPVTEFEOOSHCHK ZHPOBTSHOE DBCHBM ENH RPLPS.
“b UFP VHDEF, EUMY NBNB OE DBUF DCHHI THVMEK? fPZDB HCE, OBCHETOPE, PDONY NBUMSOLBNY OE PFDEMBEYSHUS. — TBNSCHIMSM VKHMBOYO. — db. OBLPOEG, LBL S TEYKHUSH ULBBFSH EK P UCHPEK RPLHRLE? LPOEYUOP, POB PZPTYUYFUS. POB Y VEY FPZP YUBUFP ZPCHPTYF, UFP UTEDUFCHB H OBU HNEOSHYBAFUS, UFP YNEOYE OYUEZP OE RTIOPUYF, UFP PDOK REOUYY OE ICHBFBEF FBLHA VPMSHYHA WENSHA, UFP OBDP VETEYUSH LBTsDHA LPREL.
oEF, KhTs MKHYUY RPUMHYBFSHUS UPCHEFB uEMSHULPZP Y PFChSBFSHUS PF LFPZP RTPLMSFPZP ZHPOBTS.
OP CHDTKhZ, FPYuOP YULTB, VMEUOHMP H ZPMPCHE VKHMBOYOB FTECHPTSOPE PRBUEOIE, Y DBTSE UETDGE H OEZP ЪBELBMP PF YURKHZB ... b UFP, EUMY EZP YURPTFIMY, RETEDBCHBS Y THL H THLY? chDTHZ TBUFBEIMY LBTFYOLY YMY RPZOHMY YUFP-OYVHDSH? fPZDB zTKHJPCH PVTBFOP OY ЪB YUFP KhTSE OE RTYNEF ... PO RPUREYOP, DDTTSBENY THLBNY, RPDOSM LTSCHYLKH UCHPEZP UFPMYLB Y, RPDDETSYCHBS EE ZPMCHPK, UFBM PUNBFTYCHBFSH ZHPOBTSH.
oEF. CHUE CH RPTSDLE... fTHVLB OEENOPZP TBUIPDYFUS RP URBA, OP LFP FBL Y VSHMP... CHUE UMSCHYBMY, ABOUT CHUE PFDEMEOYE NPTSOP UPUMBFSHUS... and LBTFYOLY CHUE CH GEMPUFY — DCHEOBDGBFSH YFHL... CHPF EEE MBNRPYuLEH MBNRPYuLEH
- uFP LFP CHSH FBN X UEVS CH UFPMILE DEMBEFE? — CHDTHZ KHUMSCHYBM vKhMBOYO FPOEOSHLYK ZPMPU REETULPZP.
BY CHODTPZOKHM Y VSHCHUFTP PRHUFYM LTSCHYLKH. lPEM NEDMEOOP RPDIPDYM L OENH U UBNSCHN MBULPCHCHN CHSHTBTSEOYEN MYGB, FP UPVYTBS CH LHMBL UCHPA ZHUFHA VPTPDH, FP TBURHULBS HER CHEETPN.
- with ... S ... OYUEZP .... with OYUEZP OE DEMBA ... RTBCHP, OYUEZP, - BLMEREFBM vKHMBOYO.
— uFP X ChBU FBN?
- rTBChP TSE, OYUEZP, VBFAILB! eK-VPZH, OYUEZP ... with RTPUFP ... S LOYCLH YULBM. vPTNPYUB LFY OECHSCHOSCHO UMPCHB, VKHMBOYO LTERLP DETSBMUS b LTBS LTSCHYLY, OP lPEM U OBUFPKYUYCHSHCHN, IPFS Y NSZLYN KHUYMYEN RPFSOKHM EE CHCHETI Y CHSHCHFBEIM CHPMYEVOSCHK ZHPOBTSH.
- fBL LFP ChSCH ZPCHPTYFE - OYUEZP? th EEE VPTSYFEUSH! vPTSYFSHUS CHPPVEE OEIPTPYP, B DMS RTYLTSCHFYS MTsY Y RPDBCHOP ... with CHBN ЪDEUSH UMPCHP VPTSIE PYASUOSA, B CHSHCH YZTHYOYUL YZTBEFEUSH. oEIPTPYP. PUEOSH OEIPTPYP ... PUEOSH, PUEOSH OEIPTPYP.
- vBFAYLB, RPCHPMSHFE - PFDBKFE .... vBFAYLB, S OILPZDB OE VKHDH VPMSHIE ... pFDBKFE, RPTsBMHKUFB, - CHNPMYMUS vKHMBOYO.
- USCHO NPK. - RTPYEUE LPLIN, DEMBS ChDTHZ Uzkchki ZPMPU OCPVShCHOPCHOP OCMBS, th ezp Cambamos Zamba PRSFS UFBMY LTPfline, is the root of the NPK, with the HDPCHPMCHFCHEYEN PFDBM VSHL Chbn Chb ... - OB LFPN "OP" lPEM RPCHSHCHUIM ZPMPU Y RTYTSBM MBDPOY L ZTHDY, - OP, RPDHNBKFE UBNY, YNEA MY S RTBCHP LFP UDEMBFSH? NPZH MY S ULTSCCHBFSH CHBY DHTOSHCHE RPUFHRLY PF MYG, LPN OERPUTEDUFCHEOOP CHCHETEOP CHBYE CHPURYFBOYE? oEF! — PO YYTPLYN TSEUFPN TBCHEM THLY Y U OEZPDCHBOYEN OBFTSU VPTPDPK. - with OE NPZH RTYOSFSH LFPZP OB UCHPA UPCHEUFSH, RPMPTSYFEMSHOP OE NPZKh ... OEF, OEF, YOE RTPUYFE ... OE NPZH-U ...
h UBME TEELP Y CHUEMP RTPЪCHHYUBMB FTHVB, YZTBAEBS PFVPK. CHPURYFBOOYLY CHCHUSCHRBMY Y CHUEI YUEFSHTEI PFDEMEOYK YHNOPC, VEURPTSDPUOPK ZHTSHVPK. h FEYEOOYE DEUSFI NYOHF "RETENEOLY", RPMBZBCHYEKUS NETsDH DChKhNS HTPLBNY, OBDP VSCHMP HUREFSH Y OBRYFSHUS, Y RPLKhTYFSH, Y USCZTBFSH GEMHA RBTFYA CH RHZPCHLY, Y RPDHVTYFSH HTPL. zHUFBS FPMRB PVUFHRYMB VPMSHYHA NEDOHA, U FTENS LTBOBNY, CHBH, OBRPMOEOOKHA CHPDPK. pLPMP LFPK CHBSHCH CHUEZDB VSCHMB RTYCHSBOB ABOUT GERY FSTSEMBS PMPCHSOOBS LTHTSLB, OP EA PVSHCHLOPCHEOOP OILFP OE RPMShCHBMUS. LBCDSCHK OBZYVBMUS L PDOPNKh Y LTBOPCH, VTBM EZP H TPF Y, OBRYCHYUSH FBLYN PVTBBPN, HUFHRBM UCHPE NEUFP UMEDHAEENKH. chFPTPLMBUUOYLY, OBRPMOYCH "lBRETOBHN" Y TBVIYCHYUSH FBN ABOUT LHYULY, LHTYMY RPD RTILTSCHFYEN UFPTPTSB, RPUFBCHMEOOPZP X DCHETEK.
vKHMBOYO OE CHSHCHIPDYM YЪ PFDEMEOYS. tO UFPSM X PLOB, BDEMBOOPZP TEYEFLPK, J TBUUESOOP, I UFEUOEOOSCHN UETDGEN ZMSDEM ON PZTPNOPE CHPEOOPE RPME, EDCHB RPLTSCHFPE ULHDOPK TSEMFPK FTBCHPK, TH OF DBMSHOAA TPEH, CHYDOECHYHAUS OESUOPK RPMPUPK ULCHPSH UETHA REMEOH BCHZHUFPCHULPZP DPTSDS. chDTHZ LFP-FP BLTYUBM CH DCHETSI:
— wHMBOYO! DEUSH OEF vKHMBOYOB?
- DEUSH. uFP OHTSOP? — PVETOHMUS FPF.
- UFHRBC ULPTEE CH DETSKHTOKHA. REFHI ЪPCHEF.
- vBFAILB OCBMPCHBMUS?
- OH FUCK. dPMTSOP VSHCHFSh. sing NETsDH UPVPK UFP-FP TBZPCHBTYCHBAF. GO SUCK!
lPZDB VKHMBOYO SCHYMUS CH DETSKHTOKHA, FP REFHI Y lPEM PDOCHTENEOOP CHUFTEFIMY EZP, RPLBYUYCHBS ZPMCHBNY:
REFHI LYCHBM ZPMCHPK UCHETIH CHOI Y DPCHPMSHOP VSHCHUFTP, YUFP RTYDBCHBMP EZP TSEUFBN HLPTY'OEOOSHCHK Y OEDCHPMSHOSCHK PFFEOPL, B lP'em RPLBYUYCHBM UMECHB OBRBCHP Y PYUEOSH PYUEOSH NEDMEOOP. yFB NYNYYUEULBS UGEOB RTPDPMTSBMBUSH NYOHFSHCH DCHE YMY FTY. vKhMBOYO UFPSM, RETECHPDS ZMBBB U PDOPZP ABOUT DTHZPZP.
- UFSCHDOP-U ... UPCHEUFOP ... NOE BL CBU UPCHEUFOP, - BZPCHPTYM OBLPOEEG REFHI. - fBL-FP CHSH OBJOOBEFE HYUEOYE? yCh HTPLE ЪBLPOB VPTSYS CHSH... LBL VSCH ULBBFSH... TBCHMELBEFEUSH... YZTHYEYULBNY ЪBOINBEFEUSH. ChNEUFP FPZP YuFPVShch MPCHYFSH LBTsDPE UMPCHP Y... LBL VSH ULBBFSH... BLEYUBFMECHBFSH EZP H HNE, CH RTEDBEFEUSH RBZHVOSHCHN ЪBVBCHBN... uFP CE VHDEF U CHBNY DBMSHYE, EUMY CHSHCHL... FEREBSHL .. FBL OEVTETSOP PFOPUYFEUSH L CHBYN PVSBOOPUFSN?
- oEIPTPYP. PUEOSH OEIPTPYP. - RPDFCHETDYM lPEM, HRITBS ABOUT "P".
"OE RHUFIF CH PFRHUL", - TEYIM CH HNE VKHMBOYO, Y REFHI, LBL VSH HZBDSHCHBS EZP NSHCHUMSH, RTPDPMTSBM:
— uPVUFCHEOOP ZPCHPTS, S CBU DPMTSEO VEI PFRHULB PUFBCHYFSH...
— zPURPYYO LBRYFBO! - TsBMPVOP RTPFSOHM vKhMBOYO.
- FP-FP CHPF - ZPURPDYO LBRYFBO. about RETCHSHCHK TB S HTS, FBL Y VSHCHFSH, OE UFBOH MYYBFSH ChBU PFRKHULB ... op EUMY EEE TB UFP-MYVP RPDPVOPE RPNOYFE, CH TsHTOBM ЪBRYYKH-U, CHSHCHULBOYE RPMPTSH-U. RPD BTEUF RPUBTSH-U ... uFHRBKFE! ..
- - ZPURPDY-YO LBRYFBO, RPCHPMSHFE NPK ZHPOBTSH.
- oEF-U. zhPOBTS CHS VMEE OE RPMHUYFE. UEKYUBU CE S RTYLBTSH DSDSHLE EZP UMPNBFSH Y VTPUIFSH H RPNPKOHA SNH. IDYFE.
- s-L SL-MYU, RPTsBMHKUFB ... - RTPUYM vKHMBOYO UP UMEBNY CH ZPMPUE.
- oEF-U YOEF-U. IDYFE. yMY CHSC TSEMBEFE (FHF REFHI UDEMBM ZPMPU UFTPTSE), YUFPVSCH S DEKUFCHYFEMSHOP ... LBL VSC ULBBFSH ... PUFBCHYM CHBU ABOUT RTBDOYL CH ZYNOBYY? uFHRBKFE-U.
in HMBOYO HYEM. URTBCHEDMYCHPUFSH FTEVHEF ULBBFSH, UFP REFHI OE UDETSBM UCHPEZP UMCHB PFOPUYFEMSHOP ZHPOBTS. yuEFSCTE ZPDB URHUFS VKHMBOYOH RP LBLPNH-FP DEMKH RTYYMPUSH OBKFY ABOUT LCHBTFYTH sLPCHB sLPCHMECHYUB. fBN, Ch HZMH ZPUFYOPK, VSCHMB UCHBMEOB GEMBS ZPTLB YZTHYEL, RTYOBDMETSBEYI NBMEOSHLPNH LBTMKHYE — EDYOUFCHEOOPNH YUBDH refHIB, — Y UTEDY OII vKHMBOYO VE FTHDB KHOBSHMPHOSHCHPK UCHPOSHCHPK PO UPDETTSBMUS CH PVTBIGPCHPN RPTSDLE Y, RP-CHYDYNPNKH, NPZ TBUUYUYFSHCHCHBFSH ABOUT RPYUFEOOHA DPMZPCHEYUOPUFSH CH VETETSMYCHPN OENEGLPN UENEKUFCHE. OP ULPMSHLP ZPTSHLYI, HTSBUOSCHI CHEYUBFMEOYK CHSHCHCHBM FPZDB CH PFTPYUEULPK RBNSFY vKhMBOYOB CHYD LFPZP OECHJOOOPZP RTEDNEFB!..
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Subject: Punctuation marks for interjections and onomatopoeic words. Morphological analysis of interjections "Lesson type: a lesson in reinforcing what has been learned
Goals:
To consolidate knowledge of interjections and onomatopoeic words
Fix hyphenated spelling of interjections and onomatopoeic words
Fix the punctuation marks for interjections
To teach how to make a morphological analysis of interjections
Practice expressive reading of sentences with interjections, paying attention to intonation
Continue the development of the children's imagination and their creative abilities
Equipment: board, cards for each student, textbook for grade 7 "Russian language" M.T. Baranov, T.A. Ladyzhenskaya, M., Enlightenment, 2011.
During the classes
Organizing time. (2 minutes)
Hello guys! Open your notebooks, write down the date, classwork and the topic of our today's lesson - “Punctuation marks for interjections and onomatopoeic words. Morphological analysis of interjections.
Message about the purpose of the lesson. Tailored goal for kids. (1 min)
Today we will consolidate our knowledge of interjections, onomatopoeic words and their correct spelling, as well as learn how to correctly punctuate interjections and try to expressively read the resulting sentences. For those who will do well today, I will put marks in the diary, so try!
Updating of basic knowledge. (5-7 min)
First, let's remember what we learned in the previous lessons.
Front poll:
Is an interjection a service or an independent part of speech?(this is a special part of speech)
What types of interjections do you know?(motivation, emotions, etiquette)
What do we call an onomatopoeic word?(words imitating the sounds of the surrounding world)
Is that also an interjection?(no, but interjections adjoin)
How are they different from interjections?(does not express feelings and motives)
What can interjections and onomatopoeic words be in a sentence?(subject, predicate, or may not be a member of the sentence)
Checking homework. Consolidation of what has been learned. (25 min)
Your homework was the 416th exercise. There you emphasized interjections as members of a sentence. Did everyone complete the task? Let's check.(I ask 6 students: how they wrote words with missing letters, why, what punctuation marks they put and how interjections were emphasized)
one). That's pah gave ay wda leke. (N.A. Nekrasov).(acts as a noun-object)
2). The entire capitalabout bent, and the girl hee-hee-hee yes ha-ha-ha.
(acts as a verb-predicate)
3). All these hee hee, ha ha, singing, cowardly rah talk is an abomination. (L.N. Tolstoy).(acts as a noun-subject)
4). Aboutb he explained hise dmet slowly, more malleable, with bewith ultimate um, eh.(acts as a noun-circumstance)
5). Hey, Petrov, start a song!
6). Well, young woman, I will rescue you now. (A.I. Kuprin).(not part of the offer)
Pay attention to the punctuation marks in the fifth and sixth sentences:
Hey, Petrov, start a song!
Well, girl, I'll help you out now. (A. Kuprin)
Why is there a comma after the interjection here?(because
interjections are separated by commas)
What else can you do with an interjection in a sentence?(exclamation point)
We write the rule in a notebook:
InterjectionSTAND OUT :
A comma if they are at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence.
Eh, tie a knot for memory ... (A. Griboedov)
Ushitsa, she-she-she, famously crafted. (I. Krylov)
An exclamation mark if it is at the beginning of a sentence and pronounced with a raised intonation.
Guard! Catch, catch and crush him, crush. (A. Pushkin)
InterjectionDO NOT STAND OUT :
If they stand before the personal pronoun YOU, YOU, followed by an appeal.
Oh you, my steppe, free steppe. (A. Koltsov)
And now, let's remember how complex interjections and onomatopoeic words are written. Divide the notebook page into two parts: the right and left columns. On the left, write the word "THROUGH HYPHEN", and on the right - "SEPARATE". I will dictate words to you, and you write them down in the right column.
We check. Well done! Now write down another colloquial interjection, which is written with a hyphen: on-go. Some writers use it in their works to convey the vivid colloquial speech of the characters. Let's write an example:
“A wonderful song, sing in whatever company you want; only it's overkill ... it doesn't work, andon the go !" (A. N. Ostrovsky). Underline the interjection.
And now we open the textbooks on page 192 and find the 419th exercise. You need to rewrite the sentences with missing punctuation marks. Who wants to board? (I call one student to the board, each student reads it expressively before writing a sentence - I practice intonation)
"Eh, yes you are a jerk , (Do you know who a mazunchik is? Let's look into the explanatory dictionary and rewrite its lexical meaning. One student with a loud voice will read and dictate from the textbook) As I can see! » Bulba said. 2. Well, let's go to , children! 3. U, how cool and good! 4. Eh, if you knew , Katerina, as cut themselves (in what meaning is this word used? What other meanings do you know?) then we are with the Turks! 5 . Ege-ge, Yes, both birds are from the same nest! 6. Ay-ay, what a voice! (let's pronounce this interjection with a raised intonation. What punctuation mark should be put then?) 7. Whoa yes it's a grip!
Let's make a morphological analysis of the interjection "hoo". The parsing plan is on everyone's desk. Write in a notebook, and one person on the board.
Parsing plan. (card for each student)
Part of speech
Morphological features:
unchangeable word;
Discharge by value (emotional, incentive, etiquette)
Rank by origin (derivative, non-derivative)
Discharge by structure (simple, complex)
III. What member of the proposal is.
Lesson plan.
Wow - interjection
Morphological features:
unchangeable word;
emotional;
non-derivative;
Complex;
Not a member of the offer.
Summing up the lesson. Grading a lesson.
Guys, well done! Today we fixed the separate and hyphenated spelling of interjections and onomatopoeic words, remembered the correct placement of punctuation marks with them, learned how to morphologically analyze interjections, and also visited actors a bit and found out how important intonation is when expressive reading interjections. Grades for the lesson get ... (I call the names of the students). At the end of the lesson, bring your diaries, I will grade.
Homework.
Open diaries, write down homework: ex. 418, p. 71 and make a morphological analysis of the interjections "Sentry!" and "Goodbye" from ex. 415.
Thanks for the lesson! Goodbye!
about the various gifts sent down by heaven to man, he added: "Pay attention, young men, with diligence to the word of God, and you will be just as generously exacted as I am." And as if at these words, Peshchersky pulled out a copper penny from his pocket and immediately, in front of the astonished audience, rolled it into a tube.
But what the Lord did not really exact was his eloquence. He explained his subject slowly, viscously, boringly, with endless "hm ..." and "heh ...", with repetitions of the same word. Under his monotonous squeaking, his eyes closed involuntarily and his head dropped to his chest by itself, especially if the lesson took place after breakfast. The pupils did not like him, even despite his legendary strength, which in the gymnasium was valued above all the gifts sent down by heaven to man. He felt like a hypocrite. He put good marks, but often complained about the pupils to the inspector. In addition, he "for every little" wrote down the guilty in a class journal, which he performed in calligraphic handwriting, very verbose and ornate. Once he recorded Bulanin for "blasphemy, swine-likeness and obstinacy." Pig-likeness consisted in uncleaned boots, obstinacy - in ignorance of the lesson, and blasphemy - in the fact that someone from the department called Peshchersky "Goat" - who exactly remained unknown.
This time the lesson seemed to Bulanin to be especially long. The newly acquired lantern haunted him.
“And what will happen if mom doesn’t give me two rubles? Then, probably, you won’t get off with some oils,” Bulanin thought. “Yes, finally, how will I dare to tell her about my purchase? Of course, she will be upset. says that our funds are declining, that the estate brings nothing, that one pension is not enough for such a large family, that every penny must be saved, and so on.
But suddenly, like a spark, an alarming apprehension flashed in Bulanin's head, and even his heart sank with fright ... But what if it was spoiled, passing from hand to hand? Suddenly, the pictures were taken apart or something was bent? Then Cargo will not be accepted back for anything ...
Hastily, with trembling hands, he lifted the lid of his table and, supporting it with his head, began to inspect the lantern.
No, everything is in order ... The tube diverges a little along the junction, but it was so ... everyone heard, you can refer to the whole department ... And the pictures are all intact - twelve pieces ... Here's another light bulb you need to examine.
What are you doing there at your table? Bulanin suddenly heard Peshchersky's thin voice.
He shuddered and quickly lowered the lid. The goat slowly approached him with the most affectionate expression on his face, now gathering his thick beard into a fist, now fanning it out.
I ... I ... nothing ... I do nothing ... really, nothing, - Bulanin babbled.
What do you have there?.. Show me, - said Kozel, suddenly making strict and cloudy eyes and pointing to the desk with a nod of his head.
Really, nothing, father! By God, nothing... I was just... I was looking for a book.
Muttering these incoherent words, Bulanin held on tightly to the edges of the lid, but the Goat, with a persistent, albeit gentle, effort, pulled it up and pulled out the magic lantern.
Father, let me ... give it back ... Father, I will never do it again ... Give it back, please, - Bulanin pleaded.
My son, - said the Goat, suddenly making his voice unusually gentle, and his moist eyes again became meek, - my son, I would gladly give you your ... your little thing ... I don’t need it for anything, but ... - on this "but" Kozel raised his voice and pressed his palms to his chest, - but, think for yourself, do I have the right to do this? Can I hide your evil deeds from those directly entrusted with your education? Not! He spread his arms wide and shook his beard indignantly. “I can’t accept this on my conscience, positively I can’t ... no, no, and don’t ask ... I can’t, sir ...
In the hall, a trumpet sounded sharply and cheerfully, playing the all-clear [*]. Pupils poured out of all four departments in a noisy, disorderly crowd. During the ten minutes of the "recess" that was supposed to be between two lessons, it was necessary to have time to get drunk, and smoke, and play a whole game of buttons, and memorize the lesson. A dense crowd surrounded a large copper vase with three taps filled with water. Near this vase there was always a heavy pewter mug tied on a chain, but no one usually used it. Each leaned over to one of the taps, took it in his mouth and, having drunk in this way, gave way to the next one. The second-graders, having filled the "capernaum" and breaking into heaps there, smoked under the cover of a watchman posted at the door.
[*] - Before each lesson, the bugler or drummer played the gathering, and after the lesson, the lights out. Note. A. I. Kuprin.
Bulanin did not leave the department. He stood at the barred window, and absent-mindedly, with a constricted heart, looked at the huge military field, barely covered with sparse yellow grass, and at the distant grove, visible as an indistinct strip through the gray veil of August rain. Suddenly someone shouted at the door:
Hurry up to the emergency room. The rooster is calling.
Did the father complain?
Don't know. Must be. They are talking to each other. Go soon!
When Bulanin appeared on duty, the Rooster and the Goat simultaneously met him, shaking their heads: the Rooster nodded his head from top to bottom and rather quickly, which gave his gestures a reproachful and displeased tone, and the Goat shook from left to right and very slowly, with an expression of sad regret. This mimic scene lasted two or three minutes. Bulanin stood, shifting his eyes from one to the other.
I'm ashamed, sir... ashamed... I'm ashamed for you," the Rooster spoke at last. - Is that how you start teaching? In the lesson of the law of God, you ... how to say ... have fun ... play with toys. Instead of catching every word and... how to say... imprinting it in your mind, you indulge in destructive amusements... What will happen to you next if you are already now... er... how to say. .. so careless about your duties?
Not good. Very bad, - Kozel confirmed, leaning on the "o".
“He won’t let him go on vacation,” Bulanin decided in his mind, and the Rooster, as if guessing his thought, continued:
As a matter of fact, I must leave you without leave ...
Lord, Captain! Bulanin drawled plaintively.
That's it - Mr. Captain. For the first time, I won’t deprive you of your vacation, so be it ... But if anything like that happens again, remember, I’ll write it down in a journal, I’ll impose a penalty, sir, I’ll put you under arrest ... Go! ..
Lord-yin captain, let me have my lantern.
No with. You will no longer receive a lantern. Now I will order the uncle to break it and throw it into the garbage pit. Go.
I-to Yak-lich, please ... - asked Bulanin with tears in his voice.
No-s and no-s. Go. Or do you want (here the Rooster made his voice stricter) that I really ... how to say ... leave you for a holiday at the gymnasium? Get up, sir.
Bulanin is gone. Justice requires it to be said that the Rooster did not keep his word regarding the lantern. Four years later, on some business, Bulanin had to go to the apartment of Yakov Yakovlevich. There, in the corner of the living room, a whole heap of toys belonging to little Karluscha, the only child of Rooster, was piled up, and among them Bulanin easily recognized his ill-fated lantern. He was kept in exemplary order and, apparently, could count on a respectable longevity in a thrifty German family. But how many bitter, terrible impressions the sight of this innocent object evoked in Bulanin's adolescent memory at that time!..
The sixth lesson that day was a real torture for beginners. They absolutely could not sit still, kept turning around every minute and now and then with passionate expectation looked back at the door. His eyes glittered with excitement, the fingers of one hand nervously kneaded the fingers of the other, his feet under the table beat out an impatient fraction. From all sides, inquiring faces turned to the lop-eared Strakhov, who was sitting on the back bench (he was the only one in the whole department who had watches that were generally prohibited in the gymnasium), and Strakhov, raising his outstretched fives and waving them, showed how many more minutes were left until three o'clock .
The general excitement was communicated to Bulanin to such an extent that he even forgot about the unfortunate lantern and the future troubles associated with it. He, like the others, fussily dangled his legs, squeezed his face with his palms, and convulsively ruffled his hair on his head, feeling something so sweet and a little creepy freeze in his chest, which made you want to stretch or sing at the top of your lungs.
But then the sounds of the all-clear are heard, everyone jumps up from their seats, as if thrown by an electric current. No matter how strict and pedantic the teacher may be, no matter how important the lesson he explains, he will not have the courage to test the students' endurance at this moment. “Thank you, creator,” Selsky reads on the go, with difficulty making his way between the benches, Selsky, but no one would even think of crossing himself ... Music stands open and close with a clapping, books and notebooks that you need to take with you are tied with ropes , and unnecessary ones, haphazardly, are thrown and squeezed into a box.
The prayer is over. Twenty people fly headlong to the doors, almost knocking the teacher off his feet, who, with a condescending, but somewhat timid smile, presses against the wall From all four departments, these living, uncontrollable streams simultaneously burst out, merge, mix, and a hundred boys rush like a herd of young healthy animals released from cramped cages into the wild.
To run into the bedroom, to put on a uniform, overcoat and cap, laid out by Chetukha in advance on vacation beds, is a matter of one minute. Now it remains to go to the "duty room", where all four teachers are already sitting, and "appear" to the Rooster.
Captain, I have the honor...
Why aren't your buttons cleaned?
Ah, those damned buttons! Again you need to run to the bedroom, from there to the washroom. There are always two large red bricks on the board.
Bulanin quickly and firmly rubs them against each other, then dips the pulp of his palm into the powder and cleans the buttons so hastily that it burns the skin on his hand. The thumb turns black from copper and brick, but there is no time to wash, you can have time later ...
Captain, I have the honor to appear. Pupil of the first class, second division, Bu...
Ah! Cleaned up? Good with. Did they come for you or did they send someone?
Oh my God, again waiting - that's flour!
In the tea room, adjacent to the duty room, every now and then they go out from below from the reception uncle and loudly call the pupils:
Svergin, Yegorov, please, they have come for you; Bakhtinsky - to the reception!
“Have they really forgotten about me at home?” Bulanin whispers in alarm, but is immediately frightened by his own thought. “No, no, this cannot be: mother knows, mother herself missed ... Well, here comes the uncle again ... Now probably me."
Bulanin's heart beats in his chest from anticipation to the point of pain.
They came for Lamparyov, - the uncle announces in an indifferent voice, and this indifference seems insulting to Bulanin, almost deliberate.
"He does it on purpose ... he sees how unpleasant it is for me, and he does it on purpose."
Finally, the nervous tension begins to subside. It is replaced by fatigue and boredom. It gets hot in the greatcoat, the collar presses down on the neck, the hooks cut the throat... I want to sit down and sit without turning my head, just like at a train station.
"It's all over, it's all over," Bulanin thinks bitterly, "I'm the most miserable boy in the world, forgotten by everyone and no one needs..."
Annoying tears come to the eyes. The uncle calls out more and more new names, but his appearance no longer causes an impatient rise in all feelings: Bulanin looks at him with cloudy, motionless and malicious eyes.
And so - as always happens when you are waiting for something especially passionately - at the very moment when Bulanin is about to go to the bedroom to take off his vacation uniform, when a heavy, depressing anger rises in his soul against the whole world: against Petukha, against Gruzov, against the father, even against the mother - at that very moment the uncle, from whom Bulanin deliberately turns away, shouts to the whole hall:
They came for Bulanin! Please get dressed soon!
The triumph of Bulanin. - Heroes of the gymnasium. - Pari. - A shoemaker boy. - Honour. - Heroes again. - Photo. - Despondency. - A few tender scenes. - To the sharap! The pile is small! - Retribution. - Beggars.
Vacation was great. The kepi, worn on one side, and the black military overcoat turned over on the street attracted everyone's attention on the street. Everything, everything positively: both those who rode in cabs, and pedestrians, and passengers of the horse-drawn carriages looked at Bulanin with respectful curiosity and joyful amazement (at least, it seemed to him so). Every time he read in their eyes the silent exclamation: "Look, look - a military schoolboy! .. It's amazing - so young and already wearing a military uniform. After all, they say, they have terrible severity, and they even teach you to march with real guns."
At home, in front of his younger sister, and especially in front of the eight-year-old Vasenka, Bulanin diligently maintained the outward dignity and somewhat stern tone of the young old man.
When Vassenka, seduced by the sight of the gold galloons, wanted to touch them a little with his finger, his older brother remarked to him in a displeased bass:
Leave me alone! Why are you climbing? You spoil the uniform, and then I will get it. "Kaptenarmus" will never issue a new one.
These new technical words, such as "captenarmus", "rank", "right flank", "bugler" and the like, he especially often sometimes without any reason, but with a very casual look, inserted into his conversation than Zina and Vasenka were finally suppressed. He also told them about Gruzov and about his amazing strength (after all, Sunday evening was still so far away!), and it is clear that in the gullible, enslaved minds of the listeners, the figure of Gruzov took on the dimensions of some mythical monster, something like the Nightingale the Robber, "with such here" - almost the size of a human head with fists.
What else is this! Bulanin continued to amaze his small audience, which already had their eyes wide open and their mouths gaping. - That's something else! But we have a pupil Solyanka - his name, in fact, is Krasnogorsky, but we called him Solyanka - so he once ate ten rolls on a bet. Do you understand kids: ten French rolls! And I didn't drink anything! BUT!
Ten buns! repeated the little ones in a whisper, and looked at each other almost in horror.
Yes, and won the bet. And the other - Trofimov - bet twenty breakfasts that he would not eat anything for three weeks ... And he did not eat ... He did not eat a single piece.
Bulanin, in fact, only slightly exaggerated the figures in his amazing stories. Such bets were commonplace in gymnasium life and were made exclusively out of youth. One argued that he would write all the numbers from 1 to 1,000,000 within two days, the other undertook to smoke fifteen cigarettes in a row and without fail inhaling with his whole chest, the third ate raw fish or snails and drank ink, the fourth boasted that he would hold his hand over the lamp until he counts to thirty ... These bets were born of the deadly boredom of weekdays, the absence of books and entertainment, as well as the complete indifference of educators to what the young minds entrusted to their supervision are busy with. They usually argued over dozens, sometimes even hundreds of morning and evening rolls, over cutlets, over a third course, less often over gifts and money. The outcome of such a bet was followed by the whole age with the liveliest interest and did not allow cheating.
Bulanin's mother was in complete rapture, in that holy and egoistic rapture that seizes every mother when she first sees her son in any form, and to which is mixed a share of proud and incredulous surprise. "How? Is this my son?" says each of their eloquent glances. shape, almost a member of society, almost a man?"
Oh my cadet! Oh, my dear cadet! Aglaya Fyodorovna kept saying, pressing her son's head tightly to her chest.
At the same time, she even closed her eyes and clenched her teeth, seized by that same sudden, impetuous passion that irresistibly makes young mothers so fiercely kiss, squeeze, strangle, almost bite their newborn babies.
But Bulanin shook his head sternly and pushed himself away.
On Sunday morning she took him to the institute where her older daughters studied, then to her aunts on Dvoryanskaya Street, then to her boarding school friend, Madame Girchich. Bulanin was called "his excellency", "warrior", "hero" and "future Skobelev". He, on the other hand, blushed with pleasure and shame, and with rude haste pulled himself out of his kindred embrace.
In the same way as yesterday, everyone whom Bulanin met on the streets was pleasantly surprised by the appearance of the newly minted high school student. Bulanin did not doubt for a second that the whole world was now occupied exclusively with rejoicing about his admission to the gymnasium. And only once this triumphant procession was somewhat embarrassed, when, at the turn into some street, a shoemaker boy, soiled with soot, with blocks under his arm, jumped out of the gate of a large house, rushed like an arrow between Bulanin and his mother, yelled to the whole street:
Cadet, cadet, put on a stick! ..
It was impossible to chase after him - "solidity" and serious manners befits a high school student on the street - otherwise the impudent one, no doubt, would have received cruel retribution. However, Bulanin's vanity immediately received a pleasant satisfaction, because a general was passing by. Bulanin longed for this opportunity with all his soul: he had never yet had a chance to stand in front.
He took great pleasure in saluting. Not four legal steps, but at least fifteen steps, he would put his hand to his visor, lifting his elbow high, and staring at the officer with shining eyes, in which one could clearly read fright, joy, and impatient expectation. Each time, having performed this ceremony and receiving a Masonic sign in response from a smiling officer, Bulanin only slightly looked askance at his mother, and he himself took on such a businesslike, preoccupied, even as if tired look, as if he had just finished a very difficult and complex, although a habitual duty, not understandable to outsiders, but requiring special deep knowledge from the performer. And since he was still quite inexperienced in sorting out shoulder straps and buttonholes, he saluted both sergeants and excise officials with equal pleasure, and once even saluted a Cossack batman who was carrying vessels with an officer's lunch, to which the batman immediately answered without the slightest sign of embarrassment , but extremely politely, shifting the vessels from the right hand to the left.
It so happened that his mother tugged at his sleeve and whispered anxiously:
Misha, Misha, look, you missed the officer (at these meetings she experienced exactly the same naive, proud and pleasant sensations as her son).
Bulanin responded in a contemptuous bass voice:
Well! It is worth taking care of every officer. Probably just made.
Of course, he put on airs a little in front of his mother, flaunting his courage and simply repeating the rude expression he had heard from the old schoolboys. Among the old men, especially among the "desperate ones", it was considered a special chic not to salute an officer, even, if possible, to accompany this act with some wild trick.
How well I blew it! - often told some Gruzov or Balkashin. - I pass by - zero attention and a pound of contempt. He screams at me; "Mr. high school student, please come here." And I think to myself: "Naka, take a bite." Go! He is behind me. I am from him. He jumps into the cab. "Well, I think: tobacco is my business, he will catch it." Suddenly I see a through gate, instantly - sniff! and locking the gate... While he stood there cursing and calling for the janitor, I had already managed to get away a long time ago.
On the same day, Aglaya Fyodorovna took her son to the photograph. Needless to say, the photographer was unspeakably amazed and delighted with the honor of taking a picture of such a magnificent high school student. After long deliberations, they decided to shoot Bulanin at full height: with his right hand, he should lean on the column, and in his left, lowered down, hold the cap. During the entire session, Bulanin was full of inimitable importance, although justice requires noting the fact that later, when the photograph was finally ready, all twelve cards could serve as clear evidence that the excellent schoolboy and future Skobelev did not yet know how to fasten his pantaloons properly. .
At dinner, there were exclusively dishes beloved by Mishenka, but the hero of the occasion seemed to have forever lost his hitherto invincible appetite ... He already felt that the end of the vacation was gradually approaching, and Gruzov's prisoner's face rose before him - fanged, yellow and rude, his vigorously clenched fist and an ominous threat uttered in a hoarse voice: "Otherwise ... we know how! .."
As the hand of the wall clock approached seven, Bulanin's melancholy grew, just some kind of animal melancholy - indefinite, timid, base and languid. After dinner, Zina sat down at the piano to learn her exercises. Boring scales stretched out from under her uncertain fingers, endlessly repeating over and over again. Muddy twilight crept in through the windows and thickened in the far corners... Bulanin's nerves could not stand it, and he, forgetting all his morning courage, wept bitterly, burying his face in the hard and cold back of the leather sofa.
Misha, why are you? What's wrong with you, Mishenka? asked Aglaya Fyodorovna, alarmed, running up to him.
The moment was very favorable, and Bulanin felt it. Now it would have been necessary to tell frankly the whole adventure with the magic lantern, but a strange, bashful timidity froze his tongue, and he only muttered, moving his nose:
So-so ... I feel sorry for you, mommy ...
At half past seven he and Aglaya Fyodorovna began to get ready. Presents were tied in an old napkin: a dozen apples, several homemade sweet cakes and a jar of raspberry jam.
Look, Misha, - mother inspired, - eat a little jam ... with tea ... that's enough for you for a whole week ... Give your comrades a spoonful, let them try ...
Then she wrote in the finished text of the vacation card that "cadet ... Bulanin... during the holidays he was ... at my place and behaved ... very good. Signature of parents or persons replacing them ... A. Bulanina".
I had to drive across the city. Both mother and son were silent on the road, overwhelmed by the same feeling of despondency. The closer they drove to the gymnasium, the more deserted the area became ... It was already completely dark when they crossed a stone bridge, under which a foul-smelling river meandered in a narrow ribbon; in it the reflections of street lamps trembled, blurring. Then on both sides of the pavement stretched long, low, monotonous barracks with unlit windows. Here, finally, is the huge three-story building of the gymnasium, the former cadet corps, and even earlier - the palace of Catherine's nobleman. Further there is no longer a single city building, except for a military prison; its lights barely flicker far, far away on the edge of the military field, which now seems blacker than night.
At the porch Aglaya Fyodorovna was baptizing and kissing her son for a long time. But since vacation schoolboys drove up to the same entrance every minute and approached, false shame suddenly spoke in Bulanin: the scene might have seemed too tender, perhaps even funny, at least not in the spirit of gymnasium youth. All imbued with compassionate love for his mother and the pain of his near loneliness, he nonetheless sternly, almost rudely, freed his neck from her hands. When she shouted after him that he should be diligent, obey the teachers and “in case of something” immediately write (to which he was already given envelopes with pre-written addresses and glued stamps), he, hiding in the door, muttered:
Okay... Okay, okay...
But he still managed to notice how his mother baptized him after him with small, frequent crosses.
He slowly climbed up the dirty cast-iron staircase, dimly lit by wall lamps, to the third floor, and it seemed to him that he had suddenly become orphaned, had become again a small, helpless boy. All his thoughts were down there, near his abandoned mother.
“Here she got into the cab, here the cabby turns the horse around sharply, here, driving up to the corner, mother casts her last glance at the entrance,” thought Bulanin, swallowing down tears, and yet step by step he climbed up.
But on the upper landing, his anguish increased to such unbearable pain that he suddenly, without realizing what he was doing, ran headlong downstairs. In one minute he was already on the porch. He did not hope for anything, did not think about anything, but he was not at all surprised, but only strangely delighted when he saw his mother in the same place where he had left her in a few minutes. And this time, the mother had to be the first to free herself from her son's feverish embrace.
Finally, he "appeared" to the duty educator (at each age, their educators were on duty in turn), who examined his bundle very carefully. Since the evening prayer was already over, the leavers from the duty room went straight to the bedroom.
There, at the very door, about twelve second graders were waiting for them. On Bulanin, as soon as he entered with his white bundle, this mob attacked like a pack of hungry wolves.
And all the hands reached for the bundle, colliding and clinging to one another. Everyone tried to squeeze forward and shoved a comrade who interfered with his shoulder.
Gentlemen... let me... I'm just now," muttered the bewildered, stunned Bulanin, "I'm just now... just... let me go... I can't do everything...
He hurriedly untied the bundle, trying to dodge the predatory hands that were tearing it out, and thrust an apple into someone's hand. But at that moment, some huge red-haired fellow flew into the whole mass swarming around Bulanin and shouted in a frantic voice:
To the sharap!
At the same moment, a white bundle, thrown up from below by a strong blow, soared into the air. Apples and tortillas flew out of it in all directions, as if from a burst rocket, and a jar of jam cracked, hitting the wall. The dump immediately boiled on the floor, in the darkness of the dimly lit bedroom. Old men on all fours chased apples rolling on the parquet, snatching them one from the other from their hands and from their mouths; some immediately went into hand-to-hand combat. Someone stumbled upon a broken jar of jam, picked it up and, throwing his head back, poured the jam right into his wide-open mouth. Another noticed this and began to pull out. The jar finally broke in their hands; both were cut to the blood, but, not paying attention to this, they began to beat each other.
Three more old men came running to the noise of the general dump. However, they quickly realized that they had come too late, and then one of them, in order to at least slightly reward himself for the deprivation, shouted:
A lot is small, guys! ..
Something unimaginable has happened. The upper ones fell on the lower ones, the lower ones collapsed to the floor and made convulsive movements with their arms and legs in order to get out of this mess. Those who succeeded, in turn, climbed to the very top of the "small heap". Some laughed, others choked under the weight of their bodies, cursed like draft drivers, wept and in a frenzy bit and scratched the first thing they came across - it doesn't matter whether it was an arm or a leg, the stomach or face of an unknown enemy.
Thrown to the ground by a strong push, Bulanin felt someone's knee hard against his neck. He tried to free himself, but the same knee forced his mouth and nose into someone's soft stomach, while dozens more arms and legs floundered on his back. The lack of air suddenly gave Bulanin a seizure. Hitting one neighbor in the face with his fist and grabbing the hair of another, he rushed and jumped out of the pile.
He did not have time to go to his bed, when they called him:
BUT! Bulanka! Come on, come here.
Brought? - Gruzov asked laconically, wiping his hands on the chest of his jacket.
My dear ... by God, I couldn’t, - Bulanin muttered plaintively. - Well, that's an honest, noble word, could not. Next Sunday I will certainly bring it... by all means...
Why couldn't you today? Do you want to survive, you scoundrel? Get back the lantern...
I don’t have it,” Bulaniy whispered. - The rooster took ... I ...
He didn't get to finish. A whole sheaf of dazzling white sparks splashed from his right eye ... Stunned by the blow of the cargo fist, Bulanin at first staggered in place, not understanding anything. Then he covered his face with his hands and sobbed.
I hear that next time you either return the lantern to me, or bring money. Only now it’s not two, but two and a half, ”said Gruzov, again starting on the chicken. - Do you have some goodies at least?
No... there were apples and cakes... and there was a jar of raspberry jam... I wanted to give you everything, - Bulanin involuntarily lied, - but the old people just took them away from me ...
Until late at night, the old men snooped between the beds of the first-graders, eavesdropping and peeping to see if they were eating something secretly. Some acted in parties, others - alone. If the newcomer refused to "treat", then his things, locker, bed and himself were subjected to a thorough search, punishing for resistance with cuffs.
Although they did not take away treats from their classmates, they begged for them with all sorts of humiliations, in the meanest, beggarly tone, with an abundance of diminutive and caressing words, immediately recalling some old scores about some pieces.
Bulanin is already under the covers when two second-graders stop over his head. One of them is called Arap (Bulanin did not know his last name). He, loudly champing and sniffling, eats some sweets. Another - Fedchenko begging from him.
Ara-up, yes, a piece of chocolate, - Fedchenko draws in a touching tone.
And what about the little orange, Arapchik? Give me half a slice.
But Bulanin no longer hears the end of this trade. Before his eyes, the city streets, a photographer with a goatee, Zinochkin's scales, the reflection of lights in a narrow, black as ink, river pass by in a fast whirlwind. Gruzov, devouring a chicken, and, finally, a sweet, meek native face, dimly lit by a lantern swinging over the entrance ... Then everything mixes up in his tired head, and his consciousness plunges into deep darkness, like a stone thrown into water.
Moral characteristic. - Pedagogy and own world - Property and stomach. - What does it mean to be friends and share. - Forces. - Forgotten. - Desperate. - Triumvirate. - Solid. - Strong men.
Every three months, all the educators and teachers of the gymnasium gathered under the chairmanship of the director downstairs, in the general teacher's room, for the pedagogical council. Educational and educational methods were established there, the number of lessons in various subjects was determined, and the most important misconduct of the pupils was discussed. In view of the latter, each separated educator was obliged to keep "characteristics" of his pupils. For this, he was given, according to the number of students in his department, several dozen blue notebooks with yellow spines, on the cover of which [*] was indicated in block type:
A firmly thought-out educational system adopted by the pedagogical council on the basis of a deep and comprehensive study of the children's natures entrusted to its leadership and the strong trust that pupils have in their educators.
Meanwhile, the inner, own life of children's natures flowed in a special channel, without the knowledge of the pedagogical council, completely alien and incomprehensible to him, developing his own jargon, his own manners and customs, his own original ethics. This peculiar channel was closely and precisely limited by two inaccessible shores: on the one hand, by the universal unconditional recognition of the rights of physical force, and, on the other hand, by the general conviction that the authorities are the primordial enemy, that all their actions are taken solely with the malicious intention of doing dirty tricks, embarrassing , cut back, hurt, cold, hunger, that caregiver with b about He eats lunch with great appetite when a pupil left without lunch sits next to him ...
And no matter how strange it may seem, but "his own" boyish little world was so much stronger and more stable than pedagogical tricks that it always took precedence over them. It was already clear from that alone that if a fresh, strong person with the most sincere and humane intentions entered the ranks of educators, then two years later (unless he himself left earlier) he sank and waved his hand at the former nonsense.
Drop by drop, the conviction was implanted in him that these damned tomboys really were his eternal, merciless enemies, that they needed to be hunted down, caught, searched, frightened, punished as often as possible and fed as little as possible. Thus, his own world triumphed over the formalism of the pedagogical council, and some Gruzov, with his frightening pressure on the kids, without knowing it, stood across the entire harmonious educational system.
Every second grader had huge rights over the property of every kid. If the newcomer did not want to voluntarily give away the gifts, the old man snatched them out of his hands with impunity or turned the pockets of his pantaloons inside out. According to the peculiar moral code of the gymnasium, the old man did not dare to touch most of the newcomer's things, but collectible stamps, feathers and buttons, as items of a partly sporting nature, could be selected on a par with gifts. Government food also could not be forcibly encroached upon: it served only as an object of exchange or payment of a debt.
In general, a strong man could take a lot from a weak man - almost everything, but on the other hand, the whole age vigilantly and jealously followed each "loss". Theft was the only crime that was brought to the attention of the authorities (not to mention the lynching of the guilty), and to the credit of the gymnasium, it must be said that there were absolutely no thieves in it. If someone sinned unintentionally, then later he repented for life. But even here, along with severe honesty in relation to comrades, "one's own" morality suddenly gave an unexpected leap, allowing and perhaps even encouraging all kinds of theft from educators. Of course, most often the food was stolen from the lockers in the officer corridors. They stole wine and liqueurs, and they usually stole by breaking padlocks.
In addition to property rights, the second-grader also enjoyed rights over the “stomach” of the baby, that is, at any time of the day or night he could make a “lemon” or “pug” out of his face, feed him “butter” and “nuts”, “show Moscow” or "apartments of doctors "ouch" and "ouch", "bend the sled", "puff smoke from the eyes" and so on.
The newcomer, for his part, undertook to endure all this patiently, as politely as possible, and not at all to attract thunder.