Alkyd primer and acrylic paint. What are the types of varnishes for wood: characteristics of the compositions Compatibility of paints and varnishes

Paints and varnishes are applied to the protected surface, as a rule, according to multilayer systems, which can consist of primers, putties, enamels for various purposes... In this case, the paints and varnishes included in the system can be heterogeneous not only in the pigment part, but also in the film-forming base, but they must be compatible with each other. ISO 12944-5 defines the compatibility of paintwork materials as the ability of two or more numbers of paintwork materials to be used in a coating system without revealing undesirable effects. The use of materials with incompatible binders and solvents that do not provide the necessary interlayer adhesion or high-quality uniform layer-by-layer coating lead to the need to remove the poor-quality coating and repeat the preparatory and painting work.

When formulating coating systems, it is best to use materials with one type of binder. This is especially true for chemically cured materials (epoxy and polyurethane). To ensure the necessary intercoat adhesion when applying these materials to them, it is necessary to follow the intercoat drying time recommendations very precisely. Epoxies and polyurethanes contain very active solvents (xylene, acetone, cyclohexanone), so these materials cannot be applied over physically curing reversible coatings (chlorinated rubber, vinyl, copolymer-vinyl chloride, nitrocellulose, etc.), because dissolution of reversible coatings and formation of defects can occur. When epoxy or polyurethane coatings are applied to materials that are cured with oxygen in the air (alkyd, oil), swelling and thinning of these coatings can occur and the entire coating may peel off from the metal.
Polyurethane enamels can only be applied over polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral or epoxy primers and enamels, observing the requirements for intercoat drying conditions to ensure intercoat adhesion. Epoxy enamels can only be applied over epoxy, polyvinyl butyral, zinc silicate and ethyl silicate primers and enamels.
It is not recommended to apply organosilicon and silicate paints and varnishes on any other types of paints and varnishes, because most of them are thermally cured materials.

Alkyd and oil enamels can be applied to almost all physically cured paint and varnish materials, except for bitumen and pitch. In the case of using alkyd and oil enamels on coatings containing bitumen and pitches, the latter may migrate to the upper layers and change their color.

Vinyl, copolymer vinyl chloride and chlorinated rubber materials can be applied over polyvinyl butyral, acrylic, epoxy ester, zinc silicate and epoxy materials.

When choosing paints and varnishes for the repair of coatings after operation, first of all, it is necessary to clarify the paints and varnishes used in the previous painting.
When repairing, it is better to use the same paints and varnishes as in the previous painting or similar to them (on the same binder).
To eliminate errors, it is best to use the experimentally tested recommendations given in technological instructions or other documents for this material.

Generalized experimental data on the compatibility of paintwork materials on various film-forming bases are presented in table.

Table 1

Compatibility of decorative paints and varnishes with primers. (download the table)

Having undertaken the repair of your apartment on your own, you should have an idea of ​​the materials that you are going to use. Doing any - major or cosmetic - repairs, you cannot do without paints and varnishes.

If you come across a knowledgeable salesperson in a store who, moreover, does not mind helping you in choosing a paint, you are in luck. But not always and not everyone is lucky. Therefore, you often have to choose yourself, but there are plenty to choose from.

In terms of their constituent components, paints are not always compatible with each other and with other coatings to which they are to be applied. Therefore, it is better to immediately choose paints that are compatible with each other, so that you do not have to bitterly regret wasted money and time.

On the label of any paint, you can see its composition, but usually this is an alphanumeric code, which we will understand.

Paints and varnishes based on polycondensation resins

AU - alkydurethane
UR - polyurethane
GF - glyphthalic
FA - phenolic
KO - organosilicon
FL - phenolic
ML - melamine
CH - cyclohexanone
MCh - urea (urea)
EP - epoxy
PL - saturated polyester
PE - unsaturated polyester
ET - etriftaleva
PF - pentaphthalic
EF - epoxy ester

Paints and varnishes based on polymerization resins

AK - polyacrylate
MS - oil-alkyd styrene
VA - polyvinyl acetate
NP - petroleum
VL - polyvinyl acetal
FP - fluoroplastic
ВС - based on vinyl acetate copolymers
XC - based on vinyl chloride copolymers
HV - perchlorovinyl
KCh - rubber

Paints and varnishes based on natural resins

AC - alkyd-acrylic
BT - bituminous
SHL - shellac
KF - rosin
YAN - amber
MA - oil

Cellulose ether paints and varnishes

AB - cellulose acetobutyrate
NC - cellulose nitrate
AC - cellulose acetate
EC - ethylcellulose

The first digit after the letter code indicates the purpose of the paint or resistance to certain conditions:

1 - weatherproof
2 - resistant indoors
3 - for the preservation of metal products
4 - resistant to hot water
5 - for non-solid surfaces
6 - resistant to oil products
7 - resistant to aggressive environments
8 - heat-resistant
9 - electrical insulating
0 - varnish, primer, semi-finished product
00 - putty

Sometimes, to clarify the specific properties of the paintwork, an alphabetic index is placed after the number: B - high-viscosity; M - matte; H - with filler; PM - semi-gloss; PG - low flammability.

For putties and primers, after zero or zeros, it indicates on which drying oil it is made:

1 - natural drying oil;
2 - drying oil "Oksol"
3 - glyphthalic drying oil
4 - pentaphthalic varnish
5 - combined drying oil

Compatibility of paints and varnishes

Having information about the composition of the paint, it is easy to choose a primer and putty suitable for the binding components. But in the event that such is not at hand, there are options for the compatibility of dissimilar binding components:

Paint - Compatible Old Coatings

AS - AK, VL, MCH, PF, FL, HV, EP
MS - AK, AS, VG, GF, PF, FL
AU - VL, GF, FL, EP
GF - AK, VL, KF, PF, FL, EP
KF - VL, GF, MS, PF, FL
KCh - VL, FL, HV, HS, EP
KO - AK, VG
MA - VL, KF, MS, GF, PF, FL
ML - AK, VL, GF, KF, MS, MCH, PS, FL, EP, EF
MCh - AK, VL, GF, KF, ML, PF, FL, EP, EF
NTs - AK, VL, GF, KF, PF, FL
AK - VL, GF, MCH, FP, EP, EF
HV - AK, VL, GF, KF, ML, MS, PF, FL, HS, EP, EF
UR - AK, VL, GF, PF, FL
PE - VL, GF, KF, ML, MS, PF, FP
PF - AK, VL, GF, KF, FL, EP, EF
HS - AK, VL, GF, KF, PF, FL, HV, EP
EP - AK, VG, VL, GF, PF, FL, HS, EF
EF - VL, KF, ML, FL
ET - VL, GF, MCH, PF, FL, EP

Primer - Compatible fillers

AK - GF, MS, NTs, PF, HV
AU - GF, PF
VL - GF, KF, MS, PF
GF - KF, MS, NTs, PF
KF - GF, MS, NTs, PF
ML - GF, MS, PF
MCh - GF, MS, PF
NTs - GF, KF, NTs, PE
PF - GF, KF, MS, NTs, PF, PE, HV
FL - GF, KF, MS, NTs, PF, PE, HV
XB - XB
XC - XB
EP - GF, KF, MS, PF
EF - GF, MS, PF

Paint - Compatible putties

AS - GF, KF, MS, NTs, PF
AU - GF, KF, PF
GF - GF, KF, MS, PF
MA - GF, KF, MS, PF
ML - GF, MS, PF
MS - GF, KF, MS, PF
MCh - GF, MS, PF
NTs - GF, NTs, PF
PF - GF, KF, MS, PF
PE - GF, KF, MS, PF
ХВ - PE, ХВ
XC - PE, XB
EP - GF, PF, EP
ET - GF, MS, PF

Of course, you can not comply with the compatibility requirements described above, but then get ready for the fact that the repair will have to be redone very soon.

If, in addition to the decorative effect, you need to protect surfaces from the destructive action of various aggressive environments, then it is better to buy high-quality Belinka paint. This acrylic ceiling paint works well on almost any surface, from perfectly prepared to old finishes.

Paints and varnishes are applied to the protected surface, as a rule, according to multilayer systems, which can consist of primers, putties, enamels for various purposes. In this case, the paints and varnishes included in the system can be heterogeneous not only in the pigment part, but also in the film-forming base, but they must be compatible with each other. ISO 12944-5 defines paintwork compatibility as the ability of two or more numbers of paintwork materials to be used in a coating system without revealing undesirable effects. The use of materials with incompatible binders and solvents that do not provide the necessary interlayer adhesion or high-quality uniform layer-by-layer coating lead to the need to remove the poor-quality coating and repeat the preparatory and painting work.

When formulating coating systems, it is best to use materials with one type of binder. This is especially true for chemically cured materials (epoxy and polyurethane). To ensure the necessary intercoat adhesion when applying these materials to them, it is necessary to follow the intercoat drying time recommendations very precisely. Epoxies and polyurethanes contain very active solvents (xylene, acetone, cyclohexanone), so these materials cannot be applied over physically curing reversible coatings (chlorinated rubber, vinyl, copolymer-vinyl chloride, nitrocellulose, etc.), because dissolution of reversible coatings and formation of defects can occur. When epoxy or polyurethane coatings are applied to materials that are cured with oxygen in the air (alkyd, oil), swelling and thinning of these coatings can occur and the entire coating may peel off from the metal.

Polyurethane enamels can only be applied over polyurethane, polyvinyl butyral or epoxy primers and enamels, observing the requirements for intercoat drying conditions to ensure intercoat adhesion. Epoxy enamels can only be applied over epoxy, polyvinyl butyral, zinc silicate and ethyl silicate primers and enamels.

It is not recommended to apply organosilicon and silicate paints and varnishes on any other types of paints and varnishes, because most of them are thermally cured materials.

Alkyd and oil enamels can be applied to almost all physically cured paint and varnish materials, except for bitumen and pitch. In the case of using alkyd and oil enamels on coatings containing bitumen and pitches, the latter may migrate to the upper layers and change their color.

Vinyl, copolymer vinyl chloride and chlorinated rubber materials can be applied over polyvinyl butyral, acrylic, epoxy ester, zinc silicate and epoxy materials.

When choosing paints and varnishes for the repair of coatings after operation, first of all, it is necessary to clarify the paints and varnishes used in the previous painting.

When repairing, it is better to use the same paints and varnishes as in the previous painting or similar to them (on the same binder).

To eliminate errors, it is best to use the experimentally verified recommendations given in the technological instructions or other documents for this material.

Generalized experimental data on the compatibility of paintwork materials on various film-forming bases are presented in table. one.

Notes:

“+” - can be applied

“-” - cannot be applied

“Digit” - can be applied with the following restrictions:

1. In case the epoxy ester film-forming agent is diluted

white spirit;

2. If bitumens and pitches do not penetrate (do not migrate) to the surface

3. When applying antifouling enamel, it is advisable to use

intermediate layer to prevent diffusion of toxins into bituminous

(pitch) underlying layers;

4. After adhesion test due to the variety of solvents included;

5. After roughening or tack-free;

6. After operation for at least 3 months.

When choosing shop primers, it is necessary to take into account their compatibility with the coating systems used in the future. For the right choice should be guided by table. 2. (recommendations of the ISO 12944-5 standard).

Table 3.2

Compatibility of shop primers with paints and varnishes based on various film-forming

Notes:

“+” - Compatible

“(+)” - Check for compatibility with the participation of the paint manufacturer

“-” - No compatibility

1) - Including combinations with epoxies such as coal base lacquers.

All photos from the article

In most cases, the compatibility of varnishes on wood is determined by the place of painting, that is, it can be painting lumber structures on the street, or it can be painting indoors. The difference is that the outside is exposed to natural atmospheric phenomena- these are temperature changes and precipitation, including hail, therefore, the finish during operation constantly experiences various thermal and mechanical loads.

The construction market offers enough a large number of of such varnishes, and we will look at some of them, and also show you a video in this article.

Types and characteristics

How they are classified

Note. Since there are a lot of varnishes, the instructions recommend using them at the place of application, according to the degree of gloss and composition.

• At the place of application, such compounds are classified as used for parquet - these are the most wear-resistant coatings that must withstand the stress even from walking on heels with metal heels.... Furniture paintwork materials are also very popular - they are very often used in household for various crafts and the same furniture.

Compositions for boats are less applicable (they have a very high water resistance), as well as for decorative works where strength is not all that important.

• You can always determine the degree of gloss visually - it's easy and the coating speaks for itself... So, such paints and varnishes are high-gloss, glossy, semi-gloss, matte and semi-matte, but the price does not depend on this.
• And, finally, the compositions, which are the main fundamental in the classification of paintwork materials... So, they are acrylic, water-based, alkyd, polyurethane, epoxy, or it can be nitro varnishes.

Compositions

The production of alkyd varnishes is carried out on the basis of alkyd resins, whence, in fact, the name of the classification, and organic solvents, they can be used for external and / or for internal works that is, they can be universal.

Such a varnish for external woodwork has great strength and resistance to moisture, therefore it is used not only on the street, but also in rooms with high humidity, for example, in the bathroom. The main disadvantage of this composition can be called a long drying time - it lasts up to 72 hours, but if a special hardener is involved, then the process is reduced to 24 hours.

The cleanest and safest is an odorless acrylic varnish for wood on water based, which has a high indicator of strength during operation, in addition, it is quite elastic and is able to maintain the natural color and structure of wood.

In order for crystallization to take place in normal mode, the humidity must be within 50%, and it is applied using spray guns and paint rollers. Such varnish in cans for wood is made in a composition with a hardener, which significantly increases not only the process of its hardening, but also increases the operational resistance to abrasion.

Perhaps the most waterproof varnish among all analogues can be called epoxy - it not only has a very high moisture resistance, but, in addition, it is durable against the effects of chemically aggressive substances and mechanical damage, that is, abrasion and shock. It is used for both internal and external work, and its final hardening time will not exceed 12 hours.

Nitrolac can be a mixture of varnish colloxylin, and different brands, resins and plasticizers - all this is presented in a solution of volatile organic solvents - it is used mainly for interior finishing work.

Such paints and varnishes are mainly distinguished by low cost, for which they have gained wide popularity, although by the general list advantages, without the slightest doubt, you can add a high mechanical strength to impact and friction, as well as very fast drying of the surface, depending on the air temperature.

But the whole problem of such paints and varnishes is that they are made on the basis of toxic solvents that are extremely harmful to human health and you need to work with them only with gloves, glasses and respirators.

Probably the most popular among professional craftsmen and repairmen, is a group of polyurethane-based varnishes - all of them are abrasion resistant, mechanically strong and resistant to aggressive chemical influences.

It is noteworthy that the range of such paints and varnishes is not limited by the number and brand of manufacturers, but is determined by the scope of their use, so it can be parquet finishing, but it can also be painting. musical instruments where quality requirements are at the highest level.

An interesting way of applying such a composition - most often it is applied to the surface to be treated with a metal spatula and thereby closes all cracks and irregularities, but in order to create good adhesion, the rough surface must be well cleaned and dried - this largely determines the quality of the coating.

Note. It should also be noted that there is such a category as food grade varnish for wood, for example, XC-46, which is characterized by increased resistance to chemicals and substances that may be contained in food. It contains a solution of a vinylidene chloride copolymer and a vinyl chloride elastomer in a solution with organic solvents... Such compositions are used mainly for the kitchen sector.

Conclusion

Undoubtedly, Painting works do it yourself with varnishes of any composition do not present any exceptional difficulty for the performer, if everything is done according to the manufacturer's instructions. But in addition to the technical aspect, the manufacturer always points out precautions that should not be neglected in any case!

Feedback from site visitors:

I didn’t often have to deal with acrylic materials.

First of all, these were acrylic varnishes, which were positioned as varnishes that, unlike polyurethanes, do not turn yellow over time. In principle, it turned out to be so. But there were also disadvantages, acrylic materials were more expensive and took longer to dry, which is critical when the deadlines for painting and poor heating painting area. And if the varnish does not dry normally, then there are problems with its polishing, the varnish begins to roll off.

Secondly, I had to work with acrylic paints when problems arose with metallic paint, which was made on the basis of water paint... The paint supplier offered to make a metallic based on acrylic paint and, as time has shown, it was the right choice.

There is the following misconception about what is acrylic facades... Acrylic facades are called furniture facades that are covered with acrylic plastic, plastic and paint are different things. So, don't get confused what acrylic facades are.