If you ask any gardener or gardener if weeds can be considered beneficial, the answer will be unequivocally negative. In fact, with weeds, not everything is so simple: they are the same full-fledged representatives of the plant world, like other crops, but growing in the garden, they bring many unpleasant minutes to those who are trying to grow vegetables or berries.
Weed control cannot be called simple, since these plants quickly occupy the free space on the site, and they can only be removed mechanically or with the help of herbicides, but even in this case there is no guarantee that weeds will no longer appear on your site. In this article, we will consider not only the names, photos and descriptions of the most common weeds, but also try to determine how they can be useful.
Weeds in the garden: photos and names
From the information above, we can conclude that weeds cannot be called unambiguously harmful plants. If you remove them from the beds in time, they may well be beneficial. However, in order to know which plants should be destroyed without pity, and which can be potentially useful, you need to familiarize yourself with the names, photos and descriptions of these representatives of the flora.
Generally speaking, it is customary to divide all weeds into garden and lawn ones. The first group includes wheatgrass, woodlice, bindweed, purslane, horseweed, nettle, horsetail and knotweed. Lawn weeds include dandelion, bluegrass, plantain, clover, and creeping buttercup. However, this classification does not mean at all that representatives of the lawn group cannot meet in the garden. It is important to remember that plant seeds are spread by the wind and birds, so the same nettle or dandelion can grow not only in the garden, but also in the vegetable garden.
Note: Many gardeners are interested in why weeds, in principle, appear on areas that are cultivated and dug up annually. The fact is that weeds can grow not only from root particles left in the soil, but also from seeds that can stay in the soil for a long time and germinate only under favorable conditions. In addition, poor-quality organic fertilizers contribute to the spread of weeds. If you are using your own compost, be careful not to get any plant seeds into it. A similar situation can occur when buying low-quality planting material, so it is recommended to purchase seeds only in specialized stores or nurseries.
It should also be borne in mind that weed seeds are light enough and very easily carried by strong gusts of wind or birds. Therefore, even if you have perfectly cleared the area of weeds, there is no complete guarantee that weeds will not appear on it again.
Description of weeds in the garden, photo
In order to remove weeds from the beds in time, you need to know the features of their appearance, but in order to successfully combat them, you must also familiarize yourself with the characteristics of such plants. Next, we will consider the names and descriptions of the most popular garden weeds, and detailed photos will help to accurately classify weeds.
- Creeping wheatgrass
This plant is often found not only in vegetable gardens, but also in fields, in gardens or along roads. The main feature of wheatgrass is a powerful root system that quickly spreads over the ground (Figure 1). It is this feature that complicates the fight against wheatgrass: if at least a piece of root remains in the soil, it will certainly release new shoots. Therefore, in order to cope with this weed, it is better to weed it out not by hand, but with a pitchfork, picking out even the smallest particles of roots from the soil.
Figure 1. Wheatgrass creeping Another feature of the plant is its vitality: wheatgrass perfectly adapts to a wide variety of climatic and soil conditions. This herb has straight long stems and narrow, slightly rough leaves.
It is very difficult to get rid of wheatgrass forever, because for this you need to destroy not only the above-ground parts, but also the root system. To do this, it is necessary to combine mechanical weeding with the use of herbicides.
- Field bindweed
Among the people, this weed is better known under the name "birch" (Figure 2). Its characteristic feature is its rapid growth and rapid spread over the site. This development is explained by the fact that the bindweed has not only a very long stem (about 180 cm), but also a branched root system that goes far into the soil.
Figure 2. Field bindweed The main harm from a birch tree comes down to the fact that with its flexible stem it entangles cultivated plants, shades them and slows down their growth, and a powerful root system consumes a lot of moisture and nutrients from the soil. It is difficult to get rid of a birch tree forever. As with wheatgrass, you can only completely remove the plant from the site if you dig up the entire root system.
For all its disadvantages, bindweed is a pretty beautiful weed. It has small pointed leaves and white flowers.
- Purslane
Purslane is an annual plant, as it does not reproduce by roots, but only by seeds.
Figure 3. Purslane garden Outwardly, the plant looks quite original: it has a flexible stem with a slight reddish tint and small fleshy leaves (Figure 3). Despite the fact that the shoots can take up a fairly large area, it is not difficult to remove them, since the purslane can be easily uprooted.
- Woodworm
It is easy to remove this plant from the beds while its shoots are still young. If we allow the growth of woodlice over the site, then it will quickly fill all the free space (Figure 4).
Note: Especially often woodlice can be found on carrot crops.
The only benefit to removing woodlice is that they are completely drought-resistant. If there is no natural precipitation, and the beds are not watered, the weed will quickly die.
Figure 4. Appearance of woodlice In addition to the weeds described above, there are other representatives of the flora that can appear in the garden, although most often they can be found in the garden (Figure 5).
These plants include:
- Bluegrass: a low bushy plant that is difficult to notice at an early stage of development. But as the bluegrass grows, it will be clearly visible on the lawn, as it forms ugly bushes on an even grassy surface. It is easy to fight bluegrass, as its root system is shallow. You can simply pull it out by the roots or cut off the above-ground part, and the roots remaining in the ground will die.
- Dandelion: it is not only a beautiful spring flower and a valuable medicinal plant, but it is better not to allow its growth in the beds or lawn. Unfortunately, completely getting rid of dandelions from an area is not easy. They have a strong and long root system that extends far into the soil. Cutting off the above-ground parts will not bring the desired result, since the roots remaining in the ground will sooner or later form new young growth. The only way to fight is to use powerful herbicides.
- Buttercup creeping: it is also considered a fairly common plant. You can meet him in damp shaded areas, so most often the buttercup grows not in the beds, but in the garden. The weed has tubular stems and rather long shoots (about 1 meter). They entwine cultivated plants, hindering their development. During the flowering period, the stalks of the buttercup are covered with small yellow flowers. An integrated approach will help to destroy this type of weeds, which involves the use of herbicides along with mechanical weeding.
- Plantain: known to all as a medicinal plant that can heal wounds. However, in some cases, the presence of plantain on the site is completely undesirable. As a rule, it does not grow in the beds, but in the garden or in the yard, as it prefers dense, even trampled soil. This explains why the plantain often grows through a dense layer of lawn grass or between the tiles of garden paths. Fortunately, getting rid of plantain is easy. Its root system is shallow, so the plant can be easily uprooted. But plantain should not be allowed to grow over the site, since with a massive spread, only herbicides can cope with it.
- Clover: is considered a valuable agricultural crop, as it is used as green fodder for animals and birds. But his presence in the beds or lawn is highly undesirable. Clover is a perennial plant, so you won't be able to get rid of it quickly. In addition, it has long roots that go deep into the ground, so both herbicides and weeding must be used to remove such weeds. But do not rush to remove clover immediately: its presence in the beds indicates that there is not enough nitrogen in the soil.
Figure 5. Other weeds (from left to right): meadow bluegrass, dandelion, creeping buttercup, plantain, clover Another dangerous weed is ragweed (Figure 6). Its massive proliferation not only slows down the growth of garden crops, but can also cause severe allergies in humans. Therefore, if you notice this plant in your area, immediately remove it manually or using herbicides.
Quinoa is also often found in vegetable gardens (Figure 6). It has an amazing vitality and can grow even on extremely poor soils that are not suitable for other plants. It is easy to uproot the quinoa while the plant is young. The height of adult specimens can exceed a meter and it will be very problematic to remove such a quinoa by the root, therefore it is better to do weeding after the first shoots of weeds appear.
Figure 6. Harmful and dangerous weeds: ragweed (left) and quinoa (right) From the descriptions of weeds, we can conclude that most of them are extremely tenacious, and it is difficult to completely get rid of them. As a rule, gardeners prefer to use a mechanical method of removing weeds, but it will only be effective if weeding was carried out at an early stage, and all plants were removed by the root. If you did not succeed in weeding the beds in time, and the weeds have grown massively over the site, you will have to use postemergence herbicides that effectively destroy weeds without affecting the cultivated species.
Weeds: harm and benefit
Most gardeners have a negative attitude towards weeds. And this is not surprising, because these plants take nutrients and moisture from garden and vegetable garden crops, preventing them from fully developing.
Note: Weeds are inherently very tenacious, as they have adapted to aggressive environmental conditions and have learned to develop without human intervention.
If we talk about the dangers of weeds in general, then we can highlight the following features:
- Weeds consume much more water and nutrients than other crops, so they develop much faster.
- Tall plants can shade garden crops, thus interfering with photosynthesis and full development of vegetables.
- Burian can serve as a source of dangerous diseases, even if the weed itself does not get sick. For example, fungal spores can accumulate on them, which later cause powdery mildew.
- Overgrowing weeds can become a habitat for dangerous pests, as scoops, flies and fleas often lay eggs on their leaves.
However, the opinion that weeds only bring harm can also be called erroneous, because these representatives of the flora are found not only in vegetable gardens, but also in areas that are not used for agricultural work. If you treat weeds correctly, you can get some benefit from them.
Most of the harmful, from the point of view of gardeners, plants are quite suitable for human consumption. With proper heat treatment, they will not only be tasty, but also extremely healthy. For example, snake can be used to make soups and salads, burdock root can be used boiled and fried, and chopped wheatgrass root can be used to make cutlets. Wild primrose is considered a valuable source of vitamin C, the concentration of which is especially high in spring. But the real classics are dandelion salad or young nettle soup.
Figure 7. Compost and weed fertilizer In addition, it must be borne in mind that many plants that are considered undesirable for the garden are medicinal. For example, St. John's wort, dandelion, yarrow or nettle were used to treat many ailments even by our ancestors.
If we talk about the benefits of weeds in the garden, then here too weeds have found a worthy use. If you weed out young plants and stack them on a compost heap, they will rot and make an excellent organic fertilizer (Figure 7). However, it should be borne in mind that weeds should be collected for compost before they begin to bloom, since seeds trapped in the compost can cause mass distribution of weeds in the coming season. From these, at first glance, harmful plants, it is possible to prepare an effective liquid fertilizer for garden crops. To do this, grind the greens, fill three quarters of the container with it and fill it with water. The solution is left to ferment for a week, after which it is used as a top dressing, diluted with clean water in a ratio of 1:10.
Weeds can also be called an excellent indicator of the condition of the soil on the site. For example, if the field horsetail began to grow rapidly in the garden, then the soil has become too acidic and lime must be added to it. The mass growth of chamomile indicates an increased soil density, which means that it needs to be loosened more often. If there are many cruciferous species in your garden, this means that the soil contains too much potassium.
How to deal with weeds: video
It is important not only to know the names of the weeds and be able to identify them by their appearance. Any summer resident will definitely need information on the destruction of weeds in the garden. Since each type of weed has its own characteristics, one should also approach its destruction in a special way.
From the video you will learn a lot of practical tips and useful recommendations for weed control on the site.
Pin-root
Weed plants of this biogroup usually have one thickened, rod-shaped root that goes deep into the soil. Plants in the first year from seeds form rosettes of leaves and form a taproot. They are renewed annually from the buds that form on the root collar. Weeds are divided into two subtypes: 1) vegetative reproduction is always absent (Turkestan soap root, some species of sorrel); 2) vegetative reproduction is absent in natural conditions and manifests itself in mechanical damage.
The second subtype, according to the reaction of the root to damage, is divided into two groups: a) those capable of sprouting only in places of damage (common chicory, wild parsnip, rough cornflower, etc.); in common dandelion and horseradish, shoots are formed on the cuts of lateral roots; b) capable of producing shoots from any part of it (curly and domestic sorrel, field erythematosus, woolly bindweed, dark nonney, eastern sverbiga, etc.).
Sections of roots take root in domestic and curly sorrel, comfrey, eastern sverbig, common chicory, plantain lanceolate and others with and without a root collar; in sour sorrel and alfalfa - only with a root collar.
In some, the taproot persists throughout their life (eastern sverbiga), in others, it dies off with age and is replaced by lateral adventitious roots. The length and thickness of the root, although partly dependent on external conditions, are still a biological feature of the species. In highly waterlogged places, the taproot can take a horizontal position. The root collar in some species is at the level of the soil surface, while in others it is drawn into the soil to a depth of 20 cm (the knotweed is spread out), which protects it from freezing and damage. The root collar of the American weed lakonos brought to us grows up to 25 cm in diameter. Several buds are laid along its periphery, giving rise to bushes. As a result of burdening, the upper part of the root is often split into parts (particulars), each of which forms its own adventitious roots and becomes an independent plant (horse sorrel, etc.). In common dandelion, celandine large and others, the roots are particulate at a depth of 10-25 cm.When the root collar is covered with soil or silt, straight or oblique rhizomes are formed on it, which often grow in thickness, can be single and multi-headed and give rise to stems.
Taproot plants are ubiquitous, but mainly in the arid conditions of the south on virgin lands. On arable land, only those are preserved, the roots of which form shoots when damaged.
Cornflower rough - Centaurea scabiosa L. - perennial up to 130 cm high with a rough woody stem and woody root up to 3-4 cm thick. It grows when the root is trimmed, parts of the root take root; the root is often divided into parts. Grows in meadows, shrubs, fallow lands and in crops of perennial grasses.
Garmala- Peganum harmala L. is a perennial of the aromatic family. Stems up to 50 cm in height, most often form large bushes of dozens of stems. The flowers are yellow. One expanded plant forms up to 120 thousand seeds that germinate well after cooling. The root curls, bends, up to 10 cm thick, lives up to 40 years, is covered with several layers of black bark, easily peeling; gives shoots when pruned.
It is widespread in the South-East, southern Ukraine and in the republics of Central Asia along pastures, steppes, near settlements and in crops on dry land. It is not eaten by livestock because of the unpleasant odor.
Dandelion- Taraxacum officinale Wigg. - perennial with a rosette of leaves without stems and with flower arrows. Flowers are yellow, ligulate; one plant produces up to 7 thousand achenes, which germinate well in the light after ripening. Taproot, up to 50 cm long, often branches on loose soil. With pruning in the Moscow region, 6.6% grew in mid-May, 33% in early June, 66% in late June, and 100% in July. Root segments take root. After the end of fruiting, in mid-June, all aboveground parts of the plant die off, the root falls into summer dormancy, molts and often particulates. Massive, widespread and ubiquitous weed of parks, gardens, home gardens, road outskirts, occasionally found in crops of perennial grasses.
Common chicory- Cichorium inthybus L. (Fig. 12) - perennial of the Asteraceae family. The stem is up to 120 cm high, branches and bears beautiful blue flowers, open in clear weather in the morning. The root deepens into the soil up to 1.5 m, at a young age it is loose, white on the cut and secretes milky juice, contains 23% carbohydrates. When pruning, the roots give rise to shoots; parts of the root take root. The root molts and often particulates. It grows in fallows, gardens, parks, near roads and ditches, and occasionally in fields in crops of perennial grasses.
Curly sorrel- Rumex crispus L. is a perennial of the buckwheat family with a straight, furrowed stem, branching, thick (2.5 cm), reddish, woody, up to 1.5 m high.One plant produces up to 7 thousand seeds that remain alive in the soil 6 - 7 years, and in water - up to 44 months. When pruning the root, shoots are formed; parts of the root take root. Often pariculates at the root collar. The roots contain tannins. It grows in weedy places, on the banks of rivers and streams, in damp meadows, in gardens, near fences and on berry fields.
Tuberous
Tubers, as organs of vegetative reproduction, are formed at the base of the stems (bulbous barley, meadow timothy), on the rhizomes (in the field horsetail, weed roundtails, tuberiferous ranks, etc.) and on stolons - one-year underground stems (field mint and Austrian, marsh mint , Jerusalem artichoke, sharp-fruited buttercup, etc.). Tubers can be rounded, oblong and consist of separate segments.
Field mint- Mentha arvensis L. is a perennial of the labiate family with a tetrahedral branching stem up to 60 cm high. The flowers are bluish-lilac, with a strong odor. Tubers are round-tetrahedral, white-yellow, sometimes purple, consist of separate segments (segments) up to 2-4 cm long, filled inside. Near the joints of the segments, each of them has two kidneys. Tubers often branch and lie at a depth of 10-15 cm. One well-grown plant forms 85 first-order tubers, 136 second (lateral) and 8 third (lateral on lateral) order with a total weight of 115 g. Tubers are very fragile, easily break into separate segments, each of which is capable of producing a new plant. When exposed, the tubers wither quickly and are killed by frost. Distributed throughout the low places of fields, litters all crops.
The biology of the Austrian mint and marsh mint is similar to the biology of the field mint, and therefore we will not give a description of them.
Bulbous
The bulb, as an organ of vegetative reproduction, consists of a strongly shortened flat stem, called the bottom, and thickened scales with reserve nutrients sitting on it. In the center of the bulb is the apical bud, from which the leaves and flower arrow develop. In the sinuses of the scales, onions are formed - children, and nourishing roots depart from the bottom. When the scales die off, the baby bulbs are released, spread during soil cultivation and give new plants. In a number of plants in the south, bulbs are formed on inflorescences (bulbous bluegrass, garlic, onion, cardamine, etc.) and they are called viviparous (viviparous mountaineer, etc.). In some plants, bulbs are formed on stolons (European week).
Round bow- Allium rotundum L. is a perennial of the lily family with a rosette of linear leaves and a flower arrow up to 80 cm high, ending in a spherical inflorescence. It grows almost everywhere in the central and southern regions of the European part of the USSR in gardens, fields, meadows and weedy places. Imparts a bitter taste to milk when eaten by cows.
Weeds with creeping stems
A number of weeds have creeping, creeping, climbing and lying stems that serve for vegetative propagation. Such plants most often grow in damp and shaded areas. In some weeds, creeping perennial stems are densely planted with leaves, root well at the nodes, parts of the stems take root, and they say that they reproduce with whips (hairy hawk, ivy budra, meadow tea, Veronica officinalis, creeping clover, etc.).
In wild strawberries, creeping cinquefoil, creeping creeper, creeping buttercup, creeping stems are annual. They take root at the nodes and form rosettes of leaves, which become independent plants when the stem dies off.
The creeping stems of the creeping tenacious take root and form a rosette at the ends; in the case of blackberries with gray and drupes, in the fall, the ends of the stems burrow into the soil, thicken, take root, and in the next year give rise to a new plant.
Ivy budra- Glechoma hederacea L. is a perennial of the labiate family. Perennial branching and rooting stems are densely planted with petioled leaves, bear bright blue flowers. The weed grows strongly in orchards and vegetable gardens of the non-black earth zone.
Creeping buttercup- Ranunculus repens L. (Fig. 13) - perennial of the buttercup family. In spring, from the overwintered rosette, fruiting stems up to 20-30 cm high with bright yellow flowers are formed. Along with them, creeping annuals are formed, taking root at the nodes of the stems. Rosettes are formed at the places of rooting, wintering well and giving rise to new plants. When pruning leaves, baby rosettes appear at the rosette at the level of the soil surface. Rosettes do not die when embedded in the soil by autumn moldboard plowing.
Rhizome
Rhizomes are underground-growing stems that serve for vegetative propagation and renewal of a number of perennial weeds. At a young age, they have rudimentary leaves sitting at the nodes and covering the axillary buds. With age, the leaves die off, exposing the buds. Due to the turgor and the presence of mechanical tissue, the rhizomes of cereal weeds have elasticity and can penetrate potato tubers on the path of growth. In the rhizomes, reserve nutrients are deposited, which the germinating buds feed on.
Rhizomes of certain types of weeds differ in appearance, depth and growth characteristics. According to their location in the soil and growth characteristics, they are divided into two subtypes. In the first, rhizomes grow horizontally in length with one apical bud and are known as monopodial rhizomes. From the axillary buds, vertically growing rhizomes are formed on them, giving rise to aerial leaves and stems. This is the structure of the rhizomes in oleagus, field horsetail, bracken fern, sand sedge, etc.
In the second subtype, rhizomes branch strongly, lie in the soil, grow in different directions with many tops and are called sympodial. Their ends come out to the surface, take root strongly and give rise to new plants. Sympodial rhizomes are found in such weeds as creeping grass, gumay, swine, common reed, yarrow, white vole, terrestrial reed grass, amphibian mountaineer, double-rowed paspalum, etc.
The depth of the rhizomes is a specific feature for each weed. All rhizomes multiply rapidly; in spring, only a small part of the buds grows normally on them, and the rest are, as it were, a reserve reserve. Gumaya rhizomes live for two years, creeping wheatgrass - 12-13 months; horizontal rhizomes of the oleagus - up to 20 years, and vertical rhizomes - four years.
Gumay, pig, double-rowed paspalum, impera cylindrical, oarticle, like heat-loving weeds, are common in the southern zone of the country, and creeping couch grass, coltsfoot, field horsetail - in the central and northern zones; common reed grows everywhere. The buds on the rhizomes do not have a dormant period and when the rhizomes are cut into pieces, they germinate in unison. Sections of young rhizomes take root better than segments of old ones, but they are less resistant to drying and frost. Seed propagation in most rhizome weeds is strongly suppressed.
Creeping wheatgrass- Agropyrum repens P. B. is a perennial rhizome, widespread weed (Fig. 14). Forms large clumps, and sometimes completely litters large areas of fields due to the spreading of rhizomes with soil cultivation tools. Forms a mass of leaves and stems up to 60-70 cm high, ending in an inflorescence - an ear. It grows on all soils and soil varieties, infests all crops, especially thinning spike-shaped spring breads and row crops. As a light-loving plant, it does not tolerate shading with winter crops. On arable land, it reproduces mainly by rhizomes. Seed propagation on loose soils is suppressed by the increased development of rhizomes.
Creeping wheatgrass is one of the most vicious weeds. The total length of rhizomes on light soils reaches 1500 km, and in terms of dry matter weight - up to 2-3 tons per hectare. The bulk of rhizomes lies at a depth of 10-15 cm, and on light soils - up to 20 cm. Buds on rhizomes germinate well during soil cultivation at any time of the year. The smaller the segments (parts) of the rhizomes formed during tillage, the more fully the buds grow on them. Sections with one bud, even with a length of 5 cm, take root completely and give rise to new plants. On the segments with two and three buds, about 58% of the buds germinate, with four buds - 44% and with five - 38% in relation to the total number of buds on them. Double disking of the soil by disc harrows with well-sharpened discs gives up to 50-60% of wheatgrass rhizomes from 1 to 10 cm long and up to 80% from 1 to 15 cm long. shoots ("shilets") on the soil surface. Non-germinated buds on long segments persist no longer than one year and germinate when the shoot from the germinated bud is damaged. Whole rhizomes live for 12-13 months and die off after the formation of young rhizomes from them.
Ostrets- Aneurolepidium ramosum Nevski is a rhizome perennial weed. A developed plant has one horizontally growing rhizome, from which the same lateral rhizomes are formed, lying at a depth of 18-22 cm. Vertical rhizomes grow from the buds on the horizontal rhizomes. Each of them in the first year forms only leaves on the soil surface, in the second year - a fruiting stem, in the third year - some leaves and dies off in the fourth year. The nourishing roots from the nodes of the horizontal rhizomes extend in bundles downward, and of the vertical ones - in the horizontal direction.
Sections of horizontal rhizomes take root well, and vertical ones poorly. It is widespread in southern steppe and semi-desert conditions.
Pig- Cynodon dactilon Pers. - rhizome weed of the southern regions of the country (Fig. 15). Stems are geniculate-ascending, 40-60 cm long, ending in a finger inflorescence of 3-8 spikelet twigs. The bulk of rhizomes on loose soil lies in a layer of 0-10 cm (about 40%), and in dense soil - about. 80%. Annually, the number of rhizomes increases 25 times on average, and some of the old ones die off. Up to 85 km (in length) of rhizomes with 2.3 million buds are formed on one hectare. The total weight of raw rhizomes reaches 15 tons. In spring, up to 15% of the buds grow on the rhizomes, and over the entire growing season about 35%; when cutting the rhizomes into pieces, up to 90% of the buds germinate. With summer shallow soil cultivation by a pig, it grows on the 10-15th day, and with deep tillage - on the 25-30th day.
Gumay- Andropogon halepensis Pers. is a perennial rhizome weed in the southernmost regions of the country. Forms powerful bushes with a mass of leaves and stems up to 1.5-2 m in height, rarely 3-3.5 m. Often forms solid thickets in large, fairly wet areas. It infests cotton and kenaf crops, vegetable gardens, orchards and sprinkler banks. Humaya rhizomes are segmented, thick, young white, old dark yellow, hard, lignified, reaching a length of 70-90 cm, branching. Most of them lie in the soil at a depth of 20-25 cm; individual rhizomes can penetrate up to 80 cm. Gumay reproduces well with parts of rhizomes of any length with one or more buds.
Common reed- Phragmites sommunis L. is a perennial rhizome grass with a stem height of up to 2-3 m and wide linear-lanceolate leaves. Rhizomes are segmented, straw-yellow, strong to break, hollow inside, up to 1-3 cm thick and up to several meters long; lie in the soil in several tiers at a depth of 20 to 250 cm. Distributed throughout the territory of our country. The bulk of the rhizomes lie in a layer up to 40-60 cm; deeper bedding is often associated with backfilling and silting and subsequent vertical (orthotropic) growth of shoots.
The leading factor in the formation of underground reed organs is soil moisture. With a lack of moisture in the soil, the rhizomes remain viable for a number of years, with a slow decrease in power. Often on an area of 1 sq. m the total length of rhizomes reaches 27.5 m with 810 buds on them. Weed rhizomes often occur in several layers in the soil. The bulk grows after plowing from a depth of 20-40 cm; the survival rate of segments of rhizomes is low - about 30%. According to L.I. Krasovsky, underground organs of reed in the conditions of the Novosibirsk region often make up 85-90% of the total biomass in autumn.
In addition to the underground, the reed forms overground and rooting whip-rhizomes. When animals eat the upper parts of the stem, shoots are formed from the remaining nodes, and when the above-ground vertical stems are buried, rhizomes appear from the nodes, which, when separated from the mother plant, can exist as separate individuals. Due to vegetative propagation, the reed forms clumps that quickly grow in all directions.
Suckers
In some perennial weeds, adventitious buds are formed on the roots, from which root suckers (shoots) develop. Such plants are called root suckers. Weeds of this biological type are difficult to eradicate. According to the features of the structure and vegetative reproduction, the biotype of suckling weeds can be subdivided into two subtypes.
- I. The subtype of cardaria is krupkovo. From the main vertical root, which deepens vertically by several meters, lateral horizontal propagation roots extend in tiers, which, thickening at some distance, make a downward bend, burrow into the soil with their ends and become additional roots (Fig. 16). From them, in turn, the same lateral roots of reproduction are formed, and so on. On the thickened bend, buds are laid, giving root suckers. This subtype includes such malicious weeds as field thistle, field bindweed, oriental darting, common kirkazon, common toadflax, willow spurge, Tatar molokan, Volga walker, etc.
- II. Subtype of Gonolobus smooth(Honolobus levis Michx.). Lateral propagation roots extend horizontally from the vertical root; their ends do not burrow vertically into the soil (Fig. 16). Renewal buds are laid on them without any system; rosettes of leaves and shoots are formed from the buds. This is how perennial ragweed, perennial elderberry, graying camel thorn, willow tea, cypress euphorbia, etc. reproduce.
Mechanical damage to the roots of root-shoot weeds not only does not oppress them, but, on the contrary, seems to stimulate even more abundant shoots. It was the arable soil with its cultivation and frequent cutting of roots that served as the environment in which the biological characteristics of root suckers were established, fixed and constantly improved; weeds. The proof of this is that when throwing a contaminated area, first the field sowthrow, then the field thistle, quickly die off, the field bindweed and especially the creeping bitterness are kept the longest. The very specific name "field" speaks of the confinement of the weed to life on cultivated soils.
The high vitality of root-sprouting weeds is associated with their powerful root system, which ensures renewal and reproduction, and in the field sow thistle, with a very high photosynthesizing ability.
The counts of weeds in maize crops showed that about 80% of the stems of the field thistle and the Tartar molokan are formed from cut roots and about 15% - from the root segments, while in the field sow thist, on the contrary, over 80% of the plants are formed from the root segments and the rest - from cut roots and seeds.
According to the structure and peculiarities of root cuttings, all root weeds can be divided into two biological groups.
- Weeds with a relatively poor survival rate of root segments and vertical rhizomes when cultivating the soil in early autumn and late spring and especially in summer at a relatively high temperature and low soil moisture and depletion of reserve nutrients in the roots. Only during late autumn and early spring plowing, when the soil contains a large amount of moisture, and the roots - reserve nutrients, root cuttings take root during soil cultivation. This group of weeds includes field and gray bindweed, field bindweed, creeping bitterweed, Tatar molokan, krupkovaya cardaria, common toadflax, sorrel, etc. From the segments of the field bindweed root, shoots with a length of the aerial part up to 5 cm are formed; plants live up to 2 months and then die off, as they do not form roots.
According to our data (experiments in the Moscow region), when cultivating the soil on April 14, 50-73% of the roots of the field thistle took root, and from May 4 to May 21 - only 4-18%. In another experiment, the number of shoots in relation to the number of segments laid in the soil was: May 4 - 136%, May 12 - 54%, June 2 - 47% and June 17 - 24%. According to I.G. Deyanov (Rostov region), the survival rate of segments of the roots of the field thistle was equal in April to 100%, in mid-May - 30-40%, at the end of May - the first half of June - no more than 10%. When processing the soil in April and the first half of May, shoots from the segments bear fruit by the end of the growing season, and with later processing they are noticeably shorter in growth and do not have time to bear fruit. When the soil was cultivated on April 16 and May 6, 46 and 10% of the roots of the field bindweed took root, respectively.
In weeds of this group, the main vertical and the ends of the lateral roots of reproduction are buried into the soil for several meters - until the groundwater occurs. They form shoots with repeated pruning at a depth of 20-30 cm, and the thistle, and especially the creeping bitterweed and field bindweed, at a depth of 1 m.
The vertical root of the bindweed has a powerful shoot-forming ability. When pruned, it produces about 192 shoots with 310 creeping or twining stems. According to the data of the Pervomaiskaya Beet Experimental Breeding Station, after harvesting winter crops with repeated (every 20 days) pruning, the following regrowth of rosettes of the field thistle was noted with an initial contamination of 2591 sockets, or 100%: after the first pruning - 4564 sockets, or 154%, after the second - 1698, or 65%, after the third - 769, or 28%, after the fourth - 247, or 9.6%, and after the fifth - 35, or 1.0%. When pruning at a depth of 20-30 cm, after 60 days, 89-91% were formed (as a percentage of the initial number of aboveground stems), and only 31% from a depth of 60 cm. A single shallow tillage usually increases the number of scions on the soil surface.
The bulk of the roots of reproduction on arable soils lies at a depth of more than 20-30 cm. In most weeds of this group, all plants in the foci (clumps) are linked to each other by roots, and this gives them greater resistance to damage to the aboveground parts. Fruiting stems completely die off in autumn until they join with the root of propagation that forms them, which, as noted, lies on arable soils at a depth of 20-30 cm. Buds on the roots are also formed in the non-frozen layer in winter. Under unfavorable conditions, field thistle, field bindweed, creeping bitterweed and others fall into a state of dormancy and in this form can be for several years in a row.
- Weeds with a very high survival rate of root cuttings any length, up to 0.5 cm, when working the soil at any time of the year. Sow thistle roots are resistant to drought and cold. In our experiment under the conditions of the Moscow Region, when plowing the soil in September and later (before the soil freezes), the root sections turned up to the surface and exposed from the soil overwintered well and in the spring formed a continuous mass of rosettes. The main property of the weeds of this group is the fragility of the roots, the ability to easily break down during soil cultivation into separate parts (cuttings), each of which gives an independent plant.
This group includes the field sow-thistle. The main mass of the roots of the latter lies in the arable layer at a depth of 20 cm, on solonetz and solonetzic soils - in the 0-16 cm layer. The roots are thick, highly branching and form a mass of bends. When plowing with a plow with a skimmer (without preliminary peeling), root segments (parts) up to 5 cm long were found in the loosened layer 9.3%, 5-10 cm long - 40.8%, 10-15 cm long -27.8% , or relatively small - about 80%. Pre-disking or peeling increases the number of small parts of the root. During processing, until September, the root segments give rosettes and shoots in the same year, and with later processing - in the next year or form shortened shoots that winter in the soil .. Buds on the roots do not have a dormant period and germinate throughout the growing season. period. Reproduction roots are formed unusually quickly: from a 10 cm long root section on a plot without sowing, 542 cm of roots formed during the summer, and a 5 cm section, when planted in June to a depth of 5 cm, by September 13, formed two rosettes and 235 cm long roots. roots appear in the second half of summer, reaching 25 m in length on an area of 1 sq. m.
The survival rate of cuttings of roots of weeds of both groups in continuous crops of agricultural plants is significantly lower than in clean fallows. When re-processing after 10-15 days, those that take root from parts of the root are well destroyed.
Here is a brief description of root-sprouting weeds.
Field thug- Cirsium arvense Scop, is a dioecious (there are separate male and female plants) perennial root-sucking weed, widespread throughout the country (Fig. 17). In the extreme south, in the steppe regions, it is replaced by the white-tomentose or gray-haired (Cirsium incanum). Stems 1-1.5 m high often form separate foci, and often solid thickets, in which all cultivated plants often die or greatly reduce the yield. Field thistle withstands shading of resistant cultivated plants such as winter rye. The offspring of the thistle on the fallow lands in the spring come to the surface of the soil literally from under the snow, and on arable land - later. Grows in fields, vegetable gardens, orchards, along roads and in fresh fallow fields; - infests crops of all crops.
In the white-toment thistle, common in dry steppe conditions, few horizontal propagation roots are formed; the main shoots are formed from vertical roots.
Field bindweed, birch- Convolvulus arvensis L. is a perennial root-sucking plant with climbing or creeping stems 40-170 cm long and large white flowers (Fig. 18). The root system, like that of the field thistle, but thinner; on dense dry soils, forms only one vertical root. It infests all field crops, causing lodging and complicates harvesting. Often strongly entwines berry, tea and ornamental shrubs. Distributed everywhere.
Creeping gorchak- Asroptilon repens is a perennial root-sucking weed, the most difficult to eradicate (Fig. 19). Grows in the southern regions of the European part of the country and in the republics of Central Asia on arable fields and steppe pastures; often forms continuous thickets, under which cultivated plants either die or greatly reduce the yield. The main mass of propagation roots lies at a depth of 10-40 cm and is not destroyed by ordinary plowing. The weed is moving north and is already found in the Kuibyshev and Zaporozhye regions. In the Kherson and other southern regions, creeping bitterweed has become a real disaster of arable land. On irrigated plots, creeping bitterness reproduces vegetatively more quickly than without watering. Poisonous for pets, and root excretion for cultivated plants.
Molokan Tatar- Mulgedium tataricum D. C. - perennial root-sprouting weed with stems up to 80 cm high and blue flowers collected in baskets. The plant is drought and salt tolerant in the southeast of the European part of the country and Kazakhstan. It spreads very quickly and is a malicious weed of the fields of the steppe zone. In two years, five Molokan plants occupied an area of 82 sq. m and spread to the sides by 5-6 m, gave 2618 rosettes with a total length of roots only in the arable layer up to 2656 m and with the number of buds on them 10 629. Horizontal propagation roots lie in the layer at a depth of 40-60 cm, and their ends buried vertically into the soil. The bulk of the shoots is formed on horizontal propagation roots.
Field sow thistle- Sonchus arvensis L. (Fig. 20) - perennial weed of the Asteraceae family; stems are straight, 80-120 cm high, at the top they bear a branched inflorescence with yellow flowers. The stems and roots at the fracture release a white milky sap. Forms a mass of seeds with volutes. It infests all crops, especially spring grains and tilled crops. Distributed almost everywhere. Frequent cultivation of cultivated crops contributes to the breaking of fragile roots and the formation of new plants from them, often up to 300 outlets per 1 sq. m. They take root in moist soil and parts of the stem (Fig. 21).
Tournefort siberian- Turnefortia sibirica L. is a perennial root-sprouting weed with thick juicy stems up to 30 cm high and with white-cream small flowers. All parts of the plant are covered with white hairs. The roots are thickened (up to 3 cm), fragile, with a mass of tubercles on the surface, from which shoots are formed. Sections of roots take root well. The weed is widespread in the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Kazakh SSR and the Turkmen SSR on sandy, clayey and saline lands; infests vegetable and row crops.
Sorrel, small sorrel- Rumex acetosella L. is a perennial mass weed of acidic soils of the non-chernozem zone. Often forms clean thickets on winter soaps and among dead clover crops. The plant forms dense bushes 15-45 cm high. The main and lateral roots are highly sinuous, lie in the soil at a depth of 15 cm; their segments do not take root well.
This group of weeds includes kardaria krupkovaya, Volga walker, Caspian Karelinia, common kirkazon, common toadflax, willow euphorbia, spicy euphorbia, common leafweed.
The dream of any land owner is to get rid of weeds in the garden forever. The war against weeds in garden beds has been waged from time immemorial, taking away a lot of time and energy from vegetable growers. How to get rid of the impudent invaders of your favorite vegetable garden, garden and lawn? Do I need to eliminate them? What are the most effective weed control methods?
Control methods depend on many factors: the type of weed, soil characteristics, biological properties of plants. It is rarely possible for anyone to completely get rid of harmful plants, but any summer resident is quite capable of significantly reducing their number. It will be useful for site owners to know the most common types of weeds and how to protect them from them.
Control methods
Traditional weeding with the destruction of the root system; processing with special chemicals (can have negative consequences for the environment); shading the places where the quinoa grows with any opaque material in order to deprive harmful plants of sunlight (mulching).
Horsetail
Quite a viable "invader" of useful territories, having chosen clay and acidic soils. An obsessive plant, similar to small Christmas trees, multiplies by spores and overgrowth of rhizomes, actively litters the soil, drying it out and depleting it. Horsetail is capable of significantly reducing the yield of noble crops by its presence. The humid climate promotes the rapid growth of this plant. Spring shoots of horsetail are pinkish. The roots of this weed have the ability to penetrate deep into the soil, which makes weeding much more difficult.
Ways to fight
Thorough weeding, loosening; the introduction into the soil of elements that contribute to the reduction of acidity (limestone, dolomite); planting of cruciferous plants, the neighborhood with which the horsetail does not like (rapeseed, arugula); chemical treatment with special agents (herbicides); regular mowing of sprouts.
Plantain
The famous healer - plantain, is a weed in the garden. It settles mainly on paths and near buildings. It seems to be a harmless representative of weed species of grasses, does not like beds, as if it does not interfere, but this is only at first glance. The plantain is a lover of settling on ennobled lawns (which must be correct and), from where he has to be mercilessly driven. Many gardeners know what this perennial looks like: wide, smooth, oval leaves with several veins; fibrous root; in the middle of the bush there is a long spike with seeds.
Control methods
Mechanical removal of plantain using special garden tools; destruction by selective herbicides; preventing compaction (trampling) of the soil and excessive moisture.
Nettle
In any garden or summer cottage you can find this burning plant, familiar from childhood. Nettle needs no special introduction, it can grow anywhere, making it difficult for noble plantings to grow and burning everyone who accidentally touches it. This perennial weed loves to settle in raspberries, from where it is problematic to remove it. It is spread by a strong root system as well as by seeds.
Ways to fight
Weeding along with roots and mulching the soil in places where weeds grow; boiling nettle thickets; spraying with special chemicals.
Mokrets
The plant is creeping, small in size with many internodes on low stems. It has small leaves and stellate flowers. Differs in high resistance to cold, capable of sprouting from early spring to late autumn, self-pollinates. During the summer season, several generations of this weed can grow. On moist soil, the biting midge actively grows through the stem layers, which are tightly attached to the ground. Its vitality is amazing, even having lost its root system, the biting midge is able to absorb moisture for a long time through the hairs covering its stem.
Methods of dealing with this enemy of vegetable gardens
Extremely difficult due to its survivability. Preventive measures help: drainage, it is important not to overmoisten the soil; In early spring, the first shoots should be weeded out, while the stems should be dug deep into the ground or dried to prevent their re-germination. Mulching the row spacings can prevent biting midge.
As an option for weed control: planting vegetables in high beds. In extreme cases, you can use herbicides, it is better to use them at the end of the season so that beneficial plants do not suffer.
Wheatgrass
There are many types of wheatgrass, the most common of which is creeping wheatgrass. Its root system grows in different directions, capturing more and more useful territory in fields, vegetable gardens, garden plots. This weed grass - from the series "quiet horror" - known to all vegetable growers loves moist, loose,. It is able to fill the entire site, if you do not get rid of it in time.
Control methods
Hand weeding in the early stages of growth; deep digging of roots into the soil, wheatgrass is unable to ascend from great depths; fencing of already cleared areas with sheets of iron or slate, which are dug into the ground to a depth of 20 cm, the weed will not overcome such an obstacle; the use of chemicals in dry times.
Sagebrush
A longtime familiar to all lovers of earthwork: a perennial shrub with small yellow flowers, large leaves, powerful stems, short, branched roots. Possesses a bitter smell and extraordinary vitality, grows on any soil, except swamps. Wormwood especially favors vegetable gardens rich in lime and nitrogen, propagates by seeds, is very fertile.
Ways to fight
Cutting off the stems of wormwood before flowering, to prevent the dispersion of weed seeds, then removing the roots, followed by digging the land.
Amaranth
Control methods
Deep digging of soil in the off-season; removal of young shoots and roots of the squid; cutting off the stems before the seeds appear; replacement of free space with natural insecticides (marigolds, marigolds); mulching the beds; herbicide treatment.
Sow thistle
As soon as vegetable growers lose their vigilance a little, this unpleasant, thorny plant instantly appears in the garden. The thick, straight stalk of the sow thistle can reach one and a half meters in height. Its roots are deep, brittle, if part of the root is left in the ground during weeding, the sow thistle will certainly revive due to high regeneration. Sow thistle flowers resemble dandelions, it is able to survive in any conditions, soils, regions.
Ways to fight
Regular weeding or digging of the site with careful removal of the roots; spraying bushes with kerosene; the use of herbicides for weeds.
Rosichka
Control methods
Mulching; manual weeding; application of pre-emergence and post-emergence herbicides.
Highlander pepper
The people also call it: pepper grass, bird highlander, frog, turnip. It is an annual weed with lanceolate leaves, small, reddish flowers and a pungent, pungent taste. Likes to grow in moist, fertile places, in compacted soils, often found in vegetable gardens, on lawns. It has a very delicate stem that breaks, leaving the roots underground (accurate "spot" herbicide treatment and deep weeding are very helpful). The plant is poisonous!
Ways to fight
Pulling out manually; early mulching; treatment with postemergence herbicides, when the first shoots appear.
Dandelion
Dandelion is another lawn disruptor that can reproduce quickly with the help of flying seeds. The plant has a powerful rod-shaped root, long leaves and a bright yellow flower that, when ripe, turns into a white, fluffy ball. Owners of vegetable gardens and orchard plots should be extremely careful, at the first signs of the appearance of this weed, you need to immediately eliminate it or treat the lawn with special herbicides.
Ways to fight
Removing uninvited guests with special tools; mulching; treatment with postemergence herbicides.
Clover
A short, perennial weed with a branched rhizome and white flowers has long interfered with gardeners, spoiled lawns (unless, of course, you purposefully allocated a place for growing it - such a site looks very good), settles where it should not be. Clover reproduces well, likes to grow in soils with a lack of nitrogen. If clover appears in the garden, then it's time to fertilize the soil.
Control methods
Mechanical (manual pulling, frequent lawn mowing), chemical (special herbicides); mulching.
But I don't know the name of another "infection" of the garden (see photo). But I know very well that this owner of sharp curved hooks twines a vine around everything that comes to her "hand".
In the war against weeds, all means are good, you can even use a comprehensive attack against harmful plants to get the best effect, but remember that each method of fighting has its own:
Nuances in weed control methods
Mechanical removal (depletion)
Pulling out weeds by hand or with special tools, regularly cutting them at the root, destroying the stems before flowering. The method is the most time consuming, because this procedure must be carried out often and very carefully. The method takes a lot of time and effort, but it has been tested for decades and is the safest for cultivated plants.
Biological method (mulching)
Darkening the ground with any material that does not transmit light. Lack of lighting suppresses plant growth, leading to the death of the weed root system. For this purpose, carefully dried compost, tree bark, sawdust or special mulch fiber are suitable. The method is not too laborious, but it will not work immediately to achieve results with it, it will take at least two seasons to completely destroy weeds.
Chemical method (herbicide treatment)
The fastest way to get rid of weeds in the garden is to spray them with chemicals (like), which we purchase in the appropriate stores. In advanced cases, this is the only way to completely destroy harmful plants. When choosing this method, it is important to remember that chemicals are highly toxic and can harm beneficial plants. It is recommended to use herbicides outside the garden or at the end of the summer season, after harvest.
Weeds dry up, deplete the earth, some of their species release toxic substances (phytoncides) into the soil, grow everywhere, there is no universal method of dealing with them. Only a comprehensive use of all methods of protection will help rid gardens and summer cottages from green "invaders". Let the opposition of gardeners against weed pests require special efforts, the result will justify them ironically, if you are not lazy and fight weeds in time.
One of the most important maintenance items for garden beds, gardens and lawns is weed prevention and removal. Control methods depend on the type of weed plant, its biological characteristics and the place of growth. Let's consider the main types of weeds and describe methods of controlling their spread.
The harm and benefits of weeds
Weeds are usually called plants that "settled" on the site in addition to cultivated crops. Fighting them takes away a lot of time and effort from summer residents. To date, more than 2000 weeds are known, including poisonous and harmful to animals - about 100 names.
No matter how hard we try, we cannot get rid of weeds once and for all - they get to the site through a variety of sources:
- some weed seeds "sit" in the soil and wait for favorable conditions for germination;
- organic fertilizers - if the compost has not been properly processed;
- poor quality seed;
- seeds are carried by the wind, animals, people (on the soles of shoes).
Weed plants cause significant harm to agriculture and landscape design:
- drown out cultivated plants and reduce their productivity;
- release harmful substances into the soil;
- absorb large amounts of nutrients and water;
- create a shadow;
- can cause poisoning of pets;
- are a hotbed for the development of diseases and pests of agricultural crops.
But, not everything is so simple. Agricultural technicians note that some types of weeds are also beneficial. Weeds with powerful roots break soil compaction and loosen the soil, extract useful substances from a great depth, which is not accessible to lawn grass and some garden crops. A good fertilizer is obtained from such plants.
Weed classification
All weeds are classified according to three main biological characteristics:
- life expectancy;
- breeding method;
- way of eating.
Depending on the lifespan, weeds are divided into juvenile and perennial species.
Juvenile"Weeds" reproduce by seeds. This group includes:
- ephemera - the growing season is less than one season;
- spring - the growing season is the same as that of annual garden plants; more often other weeds infest cultural crops;
- annual winter crops - sprout in early autumn; litter plantings of perennial grasses and wheat crops;
- biennial - the full development cycle includes two growing seasons.
Perennial weeds can grow in one place for up to 4 years. After the seeds are ripe, the terrestrial organs of the plant die off and the root system continues to develop. New stems grow from the underground part every year. Perennials reproduce vegetatively or by seeds.
By the way of feeding, the following types of weeds are distinguished:
Weeds in the garden: names, descriptions, photos
Creeping wheatgrass inhabits fields, vegetable gardens, orchards, river floodplains, along roads. It has a deep root system and spreads quickly over the site. The stem of the weed is erect, the leaves are flat, long with a rough surface. Wheatgrass is very resistant to unfavorable conditions, reproduces by rhizomes on almost any type of soil, a perennial plant of the family of cereals. You need to get rid of wheatgrass, especially if you plan to plant potatoes.
If you do not fight wheatgrass, the lawn can be completely overgrown with weeds: photo
Field bindweed (birch) is a perennial weed that envelops the stems of plants. One plant can confuse up to 2 square meters of crop area. Berry bushes suffer most from birch trees. The length of the stem is up to 180 cm, the leaves are arrow-shaped, the fruit is a two-celled capsule. The branched roots of the field bindweed go into the ground to a depth of five meters, so it is very difficult to completely get rid of the plant - you will have to dig out the roots.
Garden purslane is an annual plant with a reddish thick stem and fleshy leaves. The stem length is about 60 cm, the shoots of one plant can cover a significant area of the garden. Purslane can be used for medicinal purposes and in cooking.
Woodlice (stellate)- wintering annual, ephemeral. Weed seedlings appear in early spring, and when the time comes for germination of cultivated plants, woodlice grows into a solid green carpet. Carrot crops are greatly affected by this weed.
In the old days, woodlice predicted the weather for the near future. It was believed that if after sunrise the flowers of the starlet did not rise and did not open, then precipitation should be expected during the day.
Shiritsa thrown back- an early spring annual with a very high fecundity. Weed seeds are not afraid of mechanical influences and retain the ability to germinate for 5-40 years. The plant has a high pubescent stem (up to 150 cm), ovate-rhombic leaves, flowers are collected in a dense paniculate inflorescence. Seeds can germinate from a depth of no more than 3 cm.
Herringbone (chicken millet)- infests vegetable crops (sunflowers, carrots, beets) at the beginning of their growth. In rainy years, it is able to completely drown out sparse young crops. The stem reaches 120 cm in height, the leaves are broad-linear, pointed at the edges, the inflorescence is a panicle with spiny, single-flowered spikelets, filled with seeds that look like millet.
Cleavers- an early spring annual. A distinctive feature - the trunk and leaves of the weed literally cling to clothing. The tenacious bedstraw appears on fertile, limestone-rich soils. The horse system of the weed is pivotal, the stem is tetrahedral up to 1 m in height, there are small thorns bent down on the edges of the stem. Flowers are collected in dense panicles, flowering period is summer.
Shepherd's bag- a wintering annual blooming from spring to late autumn. Seed viability lasts almost 35 years. The height of the stem is about 20-40 cm, the leaves are pinnately dissected, the root is pivotal. White small flowers are collected at the very top of the stem, the flowering of the weed continues all summer. During this time, the plant gives 2-4 generations (the seeds fall off and germinate immediately).
Field yarok is an annual plant with characteristic rounded fruits with a notch at the top. The height of the stem is no more than 40 cm, the leaves are collected in a rosette and are located near the ground. During the flowering period, the yarut gives up to 50 thousand seeds. The maximum depth from which seeds can germinate is 5 cm.
Sow-thistle pink, better known as the thistle of the field, is a common perennial weed that infests any crops. The height of a sow thistle can reach 1.5 m, the surface of the stem is prickly. The shape of the leaf is lanceolate, there are thorns along the edges. An adult plant has a powerful root system that grows up to 6 meters deep. Buds are laid on the bends of the root, giving development to aerial shoots.
The main source of clogging of the garden with a thistle is the vertical root. When fighting sow thistle, it is necessary to destroy the root system located at a depth of 60-70 cm
Lawn weeds: names, descriptions, photos
Bluegrass- an annual weed. At the beginning of growth, the plant is imperceptible, but over time, the weed blooms and stands out with ugly spots on the lawn carpet. Bluegrass thrives on compacted soils in lowlands. If the weed is removed in a timely manner, then it will not appear on the lawn for a long time.
Do not avoid appearing on the lawn dandelions whose seeds are carried by the wind. Best of all, dandelions "take root" on young, rarely planted lawns. The weed plant has fleshy roots that contain a large supply of nutrients. This must be taken into account when weed control - for complete destruction, more than one treatment with selective herbicides will be required.
Creeping buttercup- a perennial weed with a stem creeping on the ground. The length of the plant is about 1 m, the leaves are trifoliate. Buttercup reproduces by seeds and vegetatively. It develops favorably in damp and insufficiently lit places.
Moss, like buttercup, appears on moist soils in lowlands. To combat it, the lawn must be regularly aerated and drainage ditches made. The height of the moss is no more than 50 cm. If you do not fight this weed, then it is able to completely displace lawn grasses and lead to waterlogging of the soil.
The appearance of moss may indicate a "poor" soil composition, lack of nutrients and an excessive level of soil acidity.
Plantain often grows in compacted, trampled soil or in places where there is stagnant moisture. A garden fork is suitable for removing mature plants. If plantains have grown significantly on the lawn, then selective herbicides should be used.
Veronica filamentous settles on moist soil rich in useful elements. The height of the plant is no more than 12 cm, the stem is thin, the flowers are delicately lilac. The weed reproduces by shoots.
Clover- the most problematic weed, causing a lot of trouble for lawn owners. A perennial plant with a height of 15-50 cm, the root system is pivotal, the leaves are ovoid. The emergence of clover can signal a lack of nitrogen in the soil.
Active growth of clover can be provoked by potash and phosphorus fertilizers applied in spring
Mary white- a frost-resistant weed on the site, growing from early spring to late autumn. The height of the plant can reach 1.5 m. The maximum depth from which the seeds can germinate is 10 cm. The plant must be removed before flowering, since one weed can give about 500 thousand seeds with different germination times.
Oxalis ordinary(hare cabbage) is a perennial plant with a powerful root system. The weed grows in groups and easily "clogs" the lawn grass. Oxalis is very resistant to many chemicals, so the most effective way is to uproot the weed.
The presented photos and names of weeds will help to recognize and eradicate malicious pests in time.
Useful weeds on the site
Not all weeds are pests; useful wild plants can also be found in the garden and in the garden.
Cornflower blue- a healing seasoning in cooking. It is believed that the plant has a diuretic, analgesic, choleretic and wound healing effect. Infusion of flowers helps with boils, eczema and conjunctivitis. Dried cornflower inflorescences are used as a natural food coloring.
Meadow clover are credited with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory qualities. The plant is used in the treatment of atherosclerosis and dry cough. Spring salads are prepared from clover flowers and young leaves, and dried shoots are added during cooking of second courses.
Young nettle- a valuable gift of spring. It contains large amounts of vitamin C and carotene. Drinking a decoction of nettle stimulates the body's metabolism and promotes weight loss. Nettle is used for cooking soups, borscht, meat, omelets and other dishes.
Horsetail- a perennial plant up to 60 cm high. It is used in the treatment of the bladder and as an antimicrobial agent. Dry herb is brewed, insisted and drunk before meals. To improve blood circulation and relieve conditions in rheumatic diseases, it is recommended to take "horsetail" baths.
Highlander bird (knotweed)- an annual weed that grows in gardens, parks, vegetable gardens and lawns. Knotweed contains many biologically active substances: coumarins, flavonoids, essential oils, vitamins and phenol carboxylic acids. The plant can be used as an antipyretic agent for colds or externally - to accelerate the healing of wounds and ulcers.
Weed Prevention
It will be much easier to control weeds in the garden and lawn if there are not too many of them. For this it is necessary to carry out preventive measures.
Prevention of the appearance of garden weeds:
