Is it possible to grow plants without fertilizers? Probably, this is possible, but what will be the result from such agrotechnical actions is easy to predict. In other words, far from perfection. Therefore, we will not "invent a bike", and will teach you to prepare compost or humus.
Most dacities are accustomed to cooking compost independently. This makes it possible to save money and time, and also relieves from a variety of unnecessary worries.
Why do you need compost
The humus is one of the best fertilizers, when making the soil to fill it with a large number of trace elements. Although its price is low, but thanks to the practicality of the material, it is possible to achieve proper structuring of the soil. For example, there is a moisture congestion and is created by plants a breaking.
Tip: If you are scattered through the soil surface, then create the very best organic mulch, saving moisture and the overwhelming growth of most types of weeds on the site.
In addition to the useful process associated with the preparation of compost, you also make a significant contribution to environmental protection. It is difficult to find a mineral fertilizer that can be compared with high-quality humus, besides, a correctly formed pit, where organic components are processed, becomes a real incubator for useful microorganisms and bacteria.
Tip: Quickly bother on the countryside will allow ready-made country houses from a block of containers.
Thanks to the preparation of compost, you can reduce physical work on the site. Now there is no need to export from the territory of garbage, since almost all can be placed in a special pit.
Garden compost - what it is
This name received a product that is obtained from organic garbage under the action of the environment, as well as a large number of various microorganisms and insects. Apply it to structuring the soil, in the form of fertilizer and mulching.
Do not know what to do with fallen foliage in the country, branches and bark of trees, as well as their plants stems?
Then to get high-quality and environmentally friendly compost without toxic connections, do the following:
- fold them into a specially prepared pit in a certain order or just on a bunch;
- provide the appropriate conditions for rotting and processing.
Of course, there is in the method and a certain disadvantage - the time of decomposition of organic residues is quite long, sometimes several years. However, as a result, you will have a really high-quality product, and not bought in the store, made on the basis of incomprehensible components.
Compost Yama
Before moving to the main phase, let's make a container for compost or pit. In the first case, you will have to make a box for certain sizes and requirements.
Below, the proposed instruction will help this:
- Prepare wooden planks or boards that did not have before contact with toxic materials and not rotten. Otherwise, you can poison the product, irreversibly spoiling its quality, or your design will simply collapse at a certain point.
Tip: Take for the box of the boards from the unedged pine, then such a container will last for a very long time, and its cost will be minimal.
- It's time to choose a place under compost to start building. It may be an elevation or a flat platform, there is no special difference, if the groundwater is not close near the surface and the terrain is not raining.
Tip: Try to place the compost capacity just above the soil level so that it is noticed.
- Make a drawer with your own hands, resembling a standard vegetable, only much larger dimensions. At the same time, do not forget to observe the lumens between the straps to ensure compost ventilation so that internal biological processes correctly passed.
- Install on the site of the construction of the support, to which you attach 3 Ready wall structures. The last side should be removable, it will be more convenient to get the hardening for work.
- Put on the bottom of the box or old linoleum or something like that.
Tip: If you have difficulty with, you will help rent a diesel generator for giving.
Compost manufacturing methods
Experts use a quick and slow way. They also got another name - hot and cold.
| Fast (hot) |
Preparation in this way takes several months. Start using the material better from the lower layers. |
To stock up with a sufficient number of organic fertilizers for their own price is not a problem for those experienced dacities who know how to make compost with their own hands from the fact that, as they say, "at hand". By the way, the independent preparation of compost besides the quality of the beneficial fertilizer, has another incomprehensible plus. This method helps to get rid of plant and foodstuffs in the economy. And with the maximum benefit and absolutely non-freight.
Many gardeners think that it doesn't matter from what and how to make compost. But this is an incorrect opinion. From the ingredients embedded in the compoter directly depends on how useful (!) And the fertilizer you received, and whether it does not harm your plants.
Compost with your own hands: how to do and what you need to know
The correct compost is a wonderful organic fertilizer, obtained by the long overloading of various plant and household residues. All this overload occurs when exposed to bacteria. But do not forget that the composting method is not disorderly throwing into a bunch of everything you want to get rid of. Therefore, it is very mistaken to call a proud word compost mountain garbage in the country, consisting of potato trees, dry branches of trees or rhizomes from cabbage kochanov. And also, otherwise reluctantly decomposing or frankly contagious garbage.
On a note! If you want to make a really useful fertilizer, it will be useful to find out if it is possible to dispose of one or another material in compost. By the way, especially in the fall of many interests, is it possible to put the fallen leaves into a compost bunch.
What compost consists of
The compute mixture consists of two types of components responsible for different processes when processing:
Nitrogen components:
- Sleepy vegetable mass and Padalitsa.
- Food waste vegetable origin.
- Manure or litter.
- Weeds without seeds.
They are responsible for carbon and oxygen balance required for the ripening of an compost of grass.
Carbon components:
- Chips and crushed wood, including bark.
- Trimming branches and subtle trunks.
- Straw and dry leaves.
- Paper-cardboard remnants.
Attention! To put them in the compost bunch of layers, alternating "green" wet with dry "brown" waste. Under proportions (1: 1), the heat released by nitrate products stimulates the processes of the compost mixture.
What can not be put in compost
Of course, any dacket would be prevained to get rid of weeds after weeding or from tops, which massively appears in the garden in the second half of summer, after the start of harvesting. Only here is the question ... Is it possible to put everything in compost without exception? Or do they still have any harmful remnants for composting?
It turns out that even here there are certain limitations, and each of them has a completely reasonable explanation. So, the correct compost is urged not recommended to dispose of:
- Large fragments of wood, trimming evergreen shrubs that fell in season leaves. Drying is stretched for a long time, braking the whole cycle of compost maturation from leaves.
- Any parts of the amazed plants. Lightly adapt to any conditions and feel perfectly in a compost environment.
- The remains of Kleschin, Lily of the Lily of the Lily, Natrestyanki.
- It is impossible to put in the compost of Poleinov (tomatoes, potatoes). They contain poisons, poisoning microorganisms involved in composting, thereby slowing down the entire process.
- The peel of any citrus - it does not only rot for a long time, but also blends rareling worms and bacteria.
- Food waste animal origin, as well as feces. All this decomposes in the compost pile very reluctantly, and smells spreads disgusting.
And of course, what compost can work out if you throw intense household waste from:
- Glasses and plastic.
- Plastics or synthetic fabrics.
- Large bones, etc.!
Important! In fact, on how to make compost and that it is embedded in the first stage, the composition and beneficial properties of the future "self-made" fertilizer depends.
Compost with your own hands: Methods of cooking
It is worth noting that a significant difference has ways to make compost at the beginning of the garden season, and at the end. In general, if looking wider, then the conversation need to be done about two completely different technologies. They are also characterized by complexity, and the duration of processing flow.
Fast compost in bags
This is a more modern and least costly way to get high-quality fertilizer in a short time. It is particularly popular in that it does not require cooking, drawers or buy special containers. After all, this compost is processed in conventional bags!
Tip! To make a fast compost in bags, packaging, of course, it is better to choose the ferment. Bags for building debris can be used as a composter. It is desirable that they do not stretch, withstand dampness and sharp temperature differences. But, for the absence of the best, many dackets use conventional garbage packages by 120-250 liters.
In the preparation of fast compost in bags, the same "useful" garbage of plant origin is used: leaves, grass, Padalitsa, etc. They are crushed and laid in bags with dense layers, speaking the earth.
Remember that top Tomators in Compost Not used!
But do not forget that the whole mass of vegetable waste, folded into bags, you need to slightly moisten. Tara with a finished mixture hermetically packaged and leave there, where it will be stored for 2-3 months.
This method is very good, especially for the preparation of compost in autumn. When the waste in the country has accumulated with interest, and there are not so many time on their processing. At the exit, a maximum in three months, in bags it turns out a ridiculous fertilizer with the characteristic smell of the lady of the Earth.
Important! It is this smell in a combination with loose consistency and a black and brown color of the compost mass, says that the compost is ripe and is ready to use.
How to make compost in the box or in the pit
Dedovsky, proven in centuries, the option answers the question: "How to cook compost if you have a lot of time." Because before receiving the result, you need to wait from 9 months to a year. Yes, and they will have much more so much than in the case of bags.
The entire process of compost preparation cycle can be laid in 5 simple steps.
- Find a place in the shade, but away from the trees.
- Install a ventilated fence from boards or chain grid. This can be done not only on the surface of the earth. For this purpose, you can dig a hole to a meter in a depth and size of approximately 1.5x2m.
- Laying the prepared waste, shed them well with water.
- Hold the finished bunch of dark "breathable" material, type acrylic or ordinary straw.
Do not forget! To regularly open the compost chamber and thoroughly mix the contents so that the decomposition proceeds faster and evenly.
How to speed up compost maturation
To activate processes and to reduce the acidity of the compost mass, 1 l of ashes and several grams of ammonium nitrate are added to it. To make compost as soon as possible, it is recommended to use all sorts of um preparations. Effective microorganisms and bacteria contained in them help significantly reduce compost maturation, accelerating the decomposition process of organic substances.
What is your benefit
The advantages of compost preparation should be specified by a large amount of mass processed mass. If the pit is equipped with a partition, then you can shift the finished humid in a separate compartment and constantly replenish the repository with new waste.
In addition, composting is carried out at the same place for many years. And also, it is not necessary to constantly acquire the packaging, as in the case of compost in bags.
Video: how to make a good compost
Whatever ways to bring to armament, the composting of plant waste from your site, in any case will be very useful for you. Now you know how to cook compost with your own hands and get rid of garbage, and turning it into high-quality fertilizer of its own production.
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We are preparing compost in the country: the rules and technology of manufacturing organic fertilizer
Many dacifics understand that if annually exploited a plot for growing vegetable and fruit crops and not to make organic fertilizers, then very soon the soil fertility will run out.
About how to make compost with your own hands and fertilize all cultural plants in the country, will be speech in this article.
What is compost and its benefits for plants
To begin with, it is important to understand what compost is and how to do it to get a good fertilizer. Compost is one of the types of organic fertilizers, which is obtained as a result of the decomposition of weed plants, residues of plant origin, from fallen leaves, kitchen waste and manure in aerobic conditions (using oxygen). The decomposition of the organics occurs as a result of the activities of the bacteria and for this it is necessary that in this biomass the humidity is at the level of 45-70%, and the temperature of the medium varied in the range of 28-35 ° C. Along with bacteria, various insects and worms take part in the decomposition process. As a result of their vital activity, an additional energy is produced, which contributes to the best decomposition of biomass.
Materials used for compost preparation require grinding. Large fragments decompose for a longer time. In its value, the reworked plant residues are not at all inferior to humus and have the following advantages and disadvantages:
- composite is presented in the desired proportion of macro and microelements for plant nutrition;
- barely occur in the soil, he takes part in metabolic processes, igniteing the lack of nutrients;
- it is connected to the soil and becomes its component;
- after irrigations and as a result of shower, nutrients do not switch in deep soil layers, like mineral fertilizers, and remain in the soil horizon;
- he with ease passes water and air, which is very important for normal plant grow;
- in the composition of this organic fertilizer, humus is present in large quantities, due to which the soil fertility increases;
- overdose of plants with this fertilizer is impossible, since all components of the parts have a natural origin;
- with natural decomposition, compost does not clog soil toxins;
- of the whole list of organic fertilizers, it is the most affordable and cheap.
There are no tangible flaws from the compost, with the exception of the unpleasant odor, which may be accompanied by the process of decomposition of plant residues. In addition, around the compost heaps will always be denoted by the presence of flies, ants and other insects. But this problem is solved by the arrangement of the door in the box and the placement of it in the most distant location of the site.
Factors affecting the decomposition of the organicists
The process of creating organic fertilizer from food waste and bevelled grass is divided into 3 stages: decomposition. The components of the mixture are heated inside the heap, changing their structure. In the resulting product, useful microorganisms appear, including fungi, as well as rainworms, which contribute to the acceleration of organic processing into fertilizer. Education of humus. At this stage, it is important to supply boil with oxygen, without which microorganisms cannot breathe. Therefore, the bugs should be moved several times by moving its external layers inside and vice versa. Mineralization. Nitrogen compounds are decomposed to protoplasm of bacteria and nitrogen, and humus goes into a mineral form. After this stage, it can be used for its intended purpose. For the passage of all stages in favorable conditions, approximately 10-12 months will be required.
Choosing a place to locate a composter
A compost bunch, a pit or a box is better to place in the far corner of the garden so that the sun's rays will not fall on them. If the composition for future fertilizer will be intensively lit by the Sun, the process of its preparation will strongly delay. Do not draw a composter next to the apple trees or other trees - their roots will germinate and pump out all nutrients from the boil.
Compostera device
If you think about how to prepare compost in the country, then you should familiarize yourself with the composter device. The correct organization of the decomposition process is the key to the rapid production of high-quality organic. It is not difficult to make it, following the recommendations. Composting can be carried out in a compost pile and in the box. The first method is called classic. The outer frame of the compost heap is made from the grid that passes the air and moisture. If you contribute special additives, it matches for 9 months. Material for making a box can be anything:
- grid;
- wooden pallets;
- slate;
- boards.
In the market you can buy ready-made plastic containers. The volume of containers are selected from 1 m³. If the capacity is less, the process of decomposition of the organics will noticeably slow down.
Terms of laying layers
It is necessary to lay the materials so that the soft and wet layers are jammed with solid and dry layers. This ensures the inflow of oxygen, which will accelerate the decomposition process. Nitrogen and carbon components are overloaded differently. Nitrogenous decompose quickly, absorbing a lot of oxygen and highlighting heat. And carbon substances have a loose composition, rich in oxygen and, with decomposition, consume nitrogen. If you add to the composter an equal number of these components, you can achieve an ideal balance. Layers, 15-20 cm thick should be laid alternately and well mix, ensuring their contact, with each other. In a bunch, you can evenly decompose chicken litter, fresh manure or a special stimulator to accelerate compost maturation.
Good organic fertilizer is obtained when the initial nitrogen and carbon components are taken in equal amounts. The first layer of ingredients is desirable to pour out a layer of land mixed with lime.
What can i and what can not compose
The people who believe that the compost is just a bunch of rotting plant residues in the far stretch of the garden, where you can throw everything. It is not so to get the right fertilizer, you need to prepare it according to a specific rules. The following components add to the composition:
- green grass, hay and straw;
- green parts of plants and individual weeds;
- small branches, pieces of wood and sawdust;
- food vegetable residues;
- manure of cattle, sheep, goats and bird litter;
- chalk, ash, egg shell;
- special composting accelerators.
There are a number of ingredients that can not be put into the compost pit:
- food residues of animal origin, as they stimulate the process of rotting with the release of unpleasant odor;
- faeces of carnivorous animals and people who may contain worms' eggs;
- pieces of fabrics, coated glossy paper, rubber trimming, stones;
- any chemicals;
- weighing plants producing seeds, lasting to keep the germination, as well as underground parts of rhizable and rootproof plants, which retain germination;
- vegetable residues populated by pests and amazed by fungal diseases.
Methods for accelerating ripening and a hot method of cooking
The composting process can flow from 4 months to 2.5 years, the time required for ripening depends on the size of the components and the created conditions.
Important! Temperatures inside the pyramid must be reduced to 60 degrees and more. High temperatures accelerates the flow of the decomposition of the organicists and destroys the seeds of weeds, the larvae of harmful insects.
For quick preparation of the nutritional composition, the following actions are better to apply:
- provide a bunch of (pit) moisture and air;
- add to water for irrigation Special accelerator ("Baikal-Em", "Unique-C") or fresh manure;
- shocking the layers to improve the supply of heap oxygen;
- heaping heap in winter to extend the active fermentation period;
- watering herbal infusion consisting of 5 parts of crushed grass, 2 parts of chicken litter and 20 parts of water;
- watering a boo yeast infusion;
- landing on a bunch of zucchini and pumpkins, the root allocations of which contribute to the rapid decomposition of organic residues;
- use when processing the organic residues of California worms, which are passed through their digestive tract, the organic and in the end the biohumus is obtained.
There is another cooking method - hot composting, thanks to which the fermentation process takes place in a short time. This method is endowed with other advantages:
- weed seeds lose their germination;
- pathogenic microorganisms die;
- the substance has a small fraction.
The variety of hot composting includes the Berkeley method, thanks to which the time for the processing of the organics is reduced to 18 days. When using this method, the following requirements must be observed:
- the temperature in the center of the heap should be at the level of 55-65 degrees;
- the ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the components of the substrate should be 30: 1;
- height height is brought to one and a half meters;
- all components must be crushed;
- the layers are twisted 7 times and mix well.
The algorithm of actions on the 18-day method of Berkeley is very simple:
- form a compost bunch;
- 4 days do not touch her;
- then within 2 weeks of turning over it every other day.
Compost is obtained by high-quality, dark brown color, with a good smell.
Important! If you notice that rainworms are covered in the cooked compost, this means that it is finally matured and contains a lot of nutrients.
Types and technology of manufacturing on the site
Compost is ready to use when it is completely ripe. Well-ridden material does not require additional introduction of mineral or other fertilizers and is capable of providing a decent and environmentally friendly crop. For the effective use of organic fertilizer from plant residues, you need to know how to determine its ripeness. Below are the main features indicating that the composition is caused and ready for use:
- the material has a homogeneous structure and it is impossible to discern individual components;
- after overheating, compost has a raped and loose consistency;
- compost acquired a dark brown color;
- the finished product has a smell of wet soil.
Ridden compost looks like a black membrane soil with loose and porous composition.
There are many recipes for cooking this organic fertilizer. Some of them suggest the use of only natural ingredients, in other embodiments, mineral fertilizers are added to the organic - after all, it contains enough nitrogen in the plant components, and phosphorus and potassium are present in minor quantities. For the manufacture of the right compost, you need to achieve the desired balance of these nutrient elements. Depending on the source materials used, the list and the number of additives can change greatly. Below are the most widespread and efficient compost manufacturing technologies.
Classic on the basis of herbs and food waste
This type is characterized by ease of manufacture, despite that it is effective in use. Classic compost is prepared from simple and affordable components, among which should be noted:
- green mass consisting of tops, branches and algae - it is the first layer (20 cm);
- dung CRS - the second layer (10 cm);
- dolomitic flour or crushed limestone - the third layer (0.5 cm).
The layers should be alternate until the height of the boil reaches 1.5 meters in height. So you need to make this type of compost, the only disadvantage of which is a one-year or even a biennium of aging. The finished product can be applied on the site.
With manure and superphosphate
This composition, as seen from its name, is prepared with the use of superphosphate, which enriches the phosphorus substrate. Phosphorus promotes the preservation of nitrogen by communicating ammonia manure. This compost is not difficult to do in the country. This type of compost consists of the following components:
- earth from the garden (10 cm);
- manure mixed with superphosphate in a 50: 1 ratio (10 cm).
This method is relatively rapid and comes to ripening for 3 months. If the laying of the ingredients produce in the spring, then in early July, potatoes are already finished humus and mulch the raspberry.
With the addition of bird litter
Chicken litter is a very valuable fertilizer, but in its pure form it is not suitable for use, because it may cause a burn with a plant. The best way to use it is a compost bookmark. To obtain it, the following ingredients are mixed:
- a bird layer is littered with a thickness of 20-25 cm;
- straw layer - 5-10 cm;
- sawdust layer - 5-10 cm;
- the top layer must consist of a peat layer - 10-20 cm.
If you hide the compost yam with a film, then there will be no unpleasant odor and the product matures for 2 months.
In addition to the above components, the compost can be enriched with the following ingredients:
- superphosphate;
- wood wood;
- potash salt;
- ammonium Selitra.
Before laying compost with your own hands, the pits are placed on the bottom of the straw and branches as a drainage. Two weeks after laying the upper layer, the substrate is exposed to shock. Thanks to this procedure, all layers ripen simultaneously. For use, you can dilute the finished compost in water or apply it in a dry form.
Based on peat
At the same time, the method must be saturated with peat with mineral fertilizers, mixing well. Ingredients of such an compost must be the following substances:
- weighing plants free from seeds - 100 kg;
- dry peat - 200 kg;
- ammonium sulfate - 350 g;
- sodium nitrate - 50-70 g;
- potash salt - 50 g
Compost is prepared as follows:
- on a flat platform, a small layer of garden land is poured;
- the second layer is poured peat (40 cm);
- the peat is placed with a layer of chopped branches, tops and grass.
All layers need to be slightly compressed, then the ripening will pass faster. Thus, it is possible to make humus from grass, peat and mineral fertilizers.
For champignons
When preparing an compost for growing champignons, you need to take the following components in the specified quantities:
- straw dry - 100 kg;
- liquid chicken litter - 100 kg;
- cOROD, in the amount of 50 kg;
- gypsum - 5 kg;
- chalk - 3 kg;
- water, to give proper humidity substrate.
Such compost is not used for feeding, it is used as a soil for the cultivation of mushrooms. The ingredients are placed in layers, watering water. The time of maturation can be several months. During this time, the filled bourge must be 4-5 times to be interrupted. The sign of the ripeness of the compost humor is the state of the homogeneous mass of all components of the substrate.
How to cook in bags
Compost in bags are prepared when there is little place at the cottage. Let's try to figure out how to quickly make compost in bags and than shed to accelerate maturation:
- first you need to buy dense black plastic bags;
- from the site remove the turne, laying it into bags;
- grinding weeds add to the bag;
- the mixture is spilled by a biohumus or other biostimulator;
- seal with scotch.
After a few months, the compost finally matures, it can be used to fertilize vegetable beds.
Manufacturing in boxes
To store bio feeding for plants, there are a lot of devices. People prepare compost in barrels, pit, burta, pile and drawer. Boxes can be bought or made with your own hands. They are mobile and stationary. In the stationary embodiment, first denote the perimeter of the planned container and in the corners are driven by a 1.5 meters high height. Then the spills are sewn by boards, between which they leave the slots.
Home Cooking Technology
Compost can be made slow and fast ways. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages. For quick compost preparation, you need to work on the following algorithm:
- First of all, we make the container where organic residues will be stored. It can be a well-ventilated box, pit or a bourge with access to content.
- At the bottom of the tank, we make drainage from the layer of hay, straw, branches.
- The components are placed in layers and without compaction, so as to ensure the alternation of wet waste with dry, solid components with soft.
- To speed up the process, you can add special decomposition accelerators of the organics to compost layers: nitrogen additives, residues of legume plants, manure CRS.
- To maintain the technological temperature in Burt and create optimal conditions for useful microflora, you need to cover a bunch of old carpet or glue.
- Monthly it is necessary to move the compost pile so that its external layers fall inside, and the internal appeared on top and side.
- In summer heat, the contents are slightly irrigated with water to maintain optimal technological humidity.
If you were able to make a capacity correctly and the technology was composting, then the finished product will receive in 3-5 months.
If you set out the goal of making the right compost from grass or branches, then the report should be aware that this process will be very long, but in the end it will turn out a quality product. It is necessary to prepare components for composting, put them in the pit and expect for 2 years. So let's consider the technology of cooking "Food additive" for plants slow way:
- digging a wide pit on the elevation of a section of 60 cm deep;
- inside the pit lay chopped branches of trees, bark, wood particles, grass;
- top with a bunch of soil layer and expect for 2 years.
Effective organic fertilizer will be ready for use in 2 years.
Use of organic fertilizer
Ripe compost is suitable for any cultures with the same email standards, like manure (15-20 kg per 1 m²). Methods can be the most different:
- in the fall of the main processing of the soil;
- under the spring;
- before planting potatoes;
- add to the wells when disembarking seedlings;
- in the spring and summer as a mulching material.
In the spring and summer hours, the prepared compost is spread on the soil and dripped into a small depth.
Strictly following the simple rules and country tips, on the basis of which annually prepare this useful organic organic at home, you will also be able to make a compost correctly in the country with your own hands and fertilize the soil to increase the yield of cultures and improve the quality of fruits.
The best organic fertilizer was always considered overwhelmed manure. But not always and not everywhere it is easy to find, so many dackets independently prepare a substitute for manure - compost. For it, almost any organic waste is suitable, and after a while there is almost free fertilizer.
How to make compost with your own hands
Compost contains the same nutrients as manure, and in most cases these two fertilizers are interchangeable. It is only important to prepare compost correctly.
What is compost
Compost - Natural fertilizer, obtained from various waste of plant and animal origin by their decomposition. It is formed during organic biodegradation under the influence of microorganisms. Composting requires the presence of air, so they try to place waste in the pit, but in some construction on the surface of the soil. In addition, the organic biodessions require high humidity and the possibility of maintaining internal heat.
During the season, the bunch is constantly growing: the lower layers can already be almost ready, and the fresh raw materials are still superimposed from above
Properly cooked compost - highly efficient fertilizer, in which there are no helmintes, weed seeds and pathogenic microflora. The composts are favorable for most cultures acidity (pH 6.7-8.4), contain about 3% nitrogen (half of it - in ammonium form), up to 3% phosphorus and up to 2% of potassium.
The list of contained in the microelements contained in the compost: zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum, etc.
Compost not only fertilizes the soil, but also improves its structure: it becomes loose and moisture. Compost is widely used for mulching: it allows you to save moisture and suppresses the growth of weeds. Cooking compost allows you to save money for the purchase of fertilizers, makes it possible to get rid of a large amount of garbage and waste.
How compost prepare
You can start cooking compost at any time, except for winter. As a rule, the first layers begin to form already at the beginning of summer, when weeds are smeared, and by autumn, the compost pile is growing rapidly. For accelerated decomposition, it would be better that the process goes to the warm season. But life makes its own adjustments, the main amount of waste in the country arises in the second half of summer and in the fall.
Package for compost
If there is an opportunity, a special box is prepared, but you can do without it, just overlooking the compost pile of boards from boards or slate sheets. For the construction of the box you can use any boards, not only painted and not rotten. It can be of any size (not less than 1.5 x 1.5 m), but the height is convenient in the range of 1.0-1.2 m: with a higher stack behind the compost, it will be more difficult to care for.
Options for arrangement of a compost box are very diverse, everything depends on the imagination of the owner and the presence of materials
The box is built in a flat place or on a small elevation, so that the compost is not blurred with rainwater. When it is constructed, customized boards do not need: it is necessary to provide sufficient oxygen access. Often the front wall makes removable so that it is more convenient to add material and take a ready-made compost. At the bottom of the box, many are placed on the liner or old linoleum, but this is not mandatory.
What can and what can not be put in compost
The compost put a variety of natural materials; The wider their list, the more trace elements will contain fertilizer. The most common "participants":
You also need to know what is not a place in a compost pile. Do not put it in it:
- large bones;
- meat and fish waste;
- perennial weeds with alive roots;
- patients, as well as plants infected with pests;
- waste containing poisonous substances;
- metal products, rubber, plastics, glass, etc.
Fresh manure can be added to the compost only if it is assumed that it will prepare for at least a year.
Compost machine cooking technology
With the formation of waste, they are crushed and folded with layers into a compost bunch, periodically releasing the layers of the Earth. The layer of the Earth is only 3-4 cm, it is poured when 15-25 cm organic leaves. If there is dry weather, a bunch is necessarily watered to constantly keep it in a wet state.
If a pile is small, it is from time to time to shock to increase air access. In winter, no one will do this in the country area, but in the spring, with the beginning of the season, the contents of the content are very desirable. If there is a peat, it is periodically added to a bunch. If there is an opportunity, it is useful to water a bunch of dung alive.
Compost may be ready for use in 6-8 months. The finished fertilizer is a loose homogeneous mass of brown, without a sharp smell: it should only smell the earth.
Video: How to prepare compost
Compost is almost free organic fertilizer, which each garden can easily prepare on its site. It is only important to know what can be used for the manufacture of compost, and attach a little effort.
At first about the terms.In a broad sense, these are words synonyms. In Russian, it happens that any word has different meanings, depending on the context in which he said and wrote.
If the manure and other organic waste is placed in a special compost pit or a box, several times during the season it turns over, loosening, pouring, they think about the right ratio of nitrogen and carbon, that is, composting, then the product similar to black earth is called compost .
And in the old days, there was a lot of manure, he was a huge pile of sheds with animals, no one composting him, he hesitated himself, and therefore the people called him just humus.
Sometimes compost and humus are called humus. But humus is a borrowed Latin word, means land, soil. And about Gumus it is correct to speak in the context of the conversation about the soil, about the component of the soil. Gumus is what remains of the organic matter, which has long been in the soil, reworked by the soil inhabitants, connected together with the soil particles into a single complex and lost its visible fibrous structure of the organic.
When we spring in hand the soil, feel a pleasant smell of the earth and see her black color, we say that there are a lot of humus in the ground, this is a chernozem. Therefore, the closest synonym for humus is black soil.
When we take a good compost in your hand and we also see a black color and feel a pleasant smell, we still do not call it humus or soil, but when we introduce such a compost into poor soil, we understand that we enrich the soil with humus, we turn the ground in the black soil .
But when we come together a pile of overloaded manure, we take into the hand of humus, then we do not always feel the smell of the soil, sometimes humus has an unpleasant smell. Intuitively we understand the difference between the black earth earth, between a good compost and between the humus (the old pile of pork manure, which we did not want to compost correctly).
Here we understood that there is a compost, this is an organic with which we worked which composting.
Why gardeners make compost in different ways
I myself have passed several stages of understanding what is a good compost, and now reading hundreds of articles about composting and talking on this topic with friends with gardeners, I see that how many people, so many different opinions, how to do it.Many love to strictly observe the instructions, correctly hang in grams, in strict proportions to mix manure, straw, grass, food waste. When a beginner reads such tips, it is confused and afraid to start creating a compost pouch.
Someone is afraid of worms, read the isoteric literature and strictly monitors the temperature of the heap, so that all the eggs and microbes are killed. Without end my hands and vegetables with soap and brush after work on organic beds.
Someone builds the tables and on the computer calculates how much and in which nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compost, and what additives to it need to be made for each culture.
For someone, the compost is just a way to dispose of the available organic, reduce its volume, reduce the reel smell, so that it was easier to take it and make a bed. For these purposes, I simply put it in bags for six months.
There are fanatical novels who believe in the myths of soil digestion, who believe that the compost is a loss of carbon energy, and all the organic needs to compost on the garden so that there are no losses, and all the energy of the sun got the roots of plants. And humus is a dummy, kakashi bacteria that do not contain nitrogen.
I used to also make a compost differently
If I was asked for another year or five years ago, what is the value of compost for the gardener, what is the essence of its proper cooking, I would answer: in the amount and quality of soil organisms, in the stability of the ecosystem that has developed when it is prepared.If you ask me now, why have the right compost beginner gardener, I will say to cure my killed land from bacterial and mushroom diseases and quickly start receiving crops. But asked what the main benefit from the compost will answer that in the amount and quality of antibiotics, which has accumulated compost, due to the life of mushrooms and bacteria, in the ability to draw from compost to struggle with putrefactive organisms, in the abilities of the compost to treat land, as possible with the help of informations And from such an compost to restore the fertility of killed soils.
In the soil, especially exhausted with agriculture, all useful microorganisms are not always contained. Therefore, to restore the soil, we must enter into it composts with a high content of bacteria, mushrooms and other microorganisms. Such inoculants can be: live compost, biohumus, verma, compost tea.
All novice gardeners in the head confusion
I want everything immediately and quickly. And so that there were no diseases, I want to kill all harmful fungi and bacteria, make pesticides and herbicides into the soil. In addition, it also wants a crop in the first year to get on the land acquired. It will help not pesticides, but an exhaust from compost.Live compost for these purposes can be obtained in three weeks, for this it is necessary to make compost in a pile on a special method.
What materials need to use for quick compost maturation
- Different types of manure and pets from domestic animals (waste from the toilet and feces should be standing for 3-4 months). This is a nitrogen material. He causes the "burning" of the compost heap.
- Hay, straw, foliage, rude grass is a carbon material. All materials must be crushed: otherwise they are hard to turn it, besides the microorganisms to process them more difficult.
- Green grass with turden - contains soil microorganisms, it is with a green material that they fall into a compost bunch.
- Wood mulch - food for mushrooms, mushrooms love to recycle wood fiber.
- In the middle of the compost heap, you can add a kind of seed - a socket, nettle, yarrow, fish, nutritional waste. This will speed up the overall decomposition process. These are compost activators or accelerators that help hear a bunch.
I'll tell you in detail, in a few
First we make loose base of the heap: at the bottom put the hay, small branches. It is very important that air easily tightened into a bunch of below. Then we lay the layer of nitrogenous material, alternating with carbon.
After laying, heaps should pour it with water so that it turns out moderately wet.
Then they cover a bunch of waterproof material and leave for 4 days.
On the fourth day we make the first cake of the heap. Our task is to place the outer material inside, and the inner - outward. This is necessary for uniform composting, as inside a bunch of hot, than outside.
Then, on the sixth day we make the second cake of the heap. Control the temperature of the heap. We throw a bunch every other day, the appearance inside, and the inner - outward. On the 18th or 24 day, the compost must be ready if it is not overdo it or not to overcover.
Overheating will occur during the second third echoing - by 6-8th day. Slide your hand on the elbow in a compost bunch. If you succeeded and you are crying "hot!" They pulled out the hand back, it means that the temperature is higher than +50 ° C, and everything is fine. At +70 ° ° C you will not be able to shove your hand in a bunch, hurt.
In the process of composting, optimal humidity should be observed, for this we take a little material from the base of the pile and squeeze it between the palms very much. If a little bit drip - this is what you need.
What happens in a compost pile
For the first 4 days of composting in a pile, the population of microorganisms increases. We will turn a bunch, many organisms will die - and their bodies will become food for the next generation of microorganisms. A population explosion will occur, they quickly multiply and distinguish many heat.In the process of composting, a carbonic organic binding nitrogen and all other elements in humus. Rough Organic - Absorbent; Azoby - fuel for a heap. Even toxic substances - if some of them turn out to be in a heap - will be bound by long chains of carbon molecules and become inert. This is one of the most remarkable properties of humus.
So, the main secret of good and fast compost is the optimal temperature of the compost heap, + 55 ... + 65 ° C. And optimal humidity at good aeration.
How can I use live compost
Finished compost I use in four different versions, depending on the purpose.1. To quickly improve the poor humus of the garden, the garden is prepared compost, which contains a lot of wood material and, accordingly, mushrooms.
The trees are needed mushrooms, they grow on the ground in which mushrooms prevail. Mushrooms form mikuriza - symbiotic bond with woody plants. Mushrooms are obtained from the plants of carbon, giving the elements of the soil in return. Mushroom threads - gifs - stretch for many kilometers, they can produce nutrition elements at large distances. In addition, the gifs ensure the exchange of information between the trees. This is a kind of Internet in the soil. Mushroom disputes and gifs are easily damaged with improper soil processing. Inoculing the soil with a mushroom compartment, you can quickly restore the fungal variety in the soil.
2. For vegetable beds, it is prepared compost rich in nitrogen in which the bacteria dominate. It has more herbs, manure, food waste. Such compost is better suitable for fertilizing grassy plants and vegetables.
3. For the production of AKCH compost, leave for 6-13 months for good aging, better if he touches weeds. In this case, the ecosystem of compost organisms will be the most extinguished and diverse.
4. For the production of compost infusion of fresh compost 10-14 days before use, it is worth shedding 1% molasses with the addition of 0.05% fish emulsion. (I make a "smelly in barrel", where I add a nettle or a socket, there is a good balance, a lot of nitrogen, and phosphorus, and carbohydrates). Then it is necessary to explode well, it causes a stormy reproduction of the entire soil livestock with the subsequent lysis of most bacteria and mushrooms, while the compost is saturated with antibiotics, amino acids and vitamins, and the infusion of it is the best medicine for the treatment of soil infectors.
So, the compost we need to quickly restore the fertility of the land killed by the previous exploitation.
Why old drugs do not cure land
The use of um preparations, tripides and hay sticks on infected soils does not give a visible effect, they work well on healthy soils with high humus content. The same with AKCH, poor humus, infected with soil bacterios, microorganisms introduced into the soil along with AKCH and organic to treat, but slowly, in the first year of the development of the harvest, do not get.Modern mixed bacterial and mushroom diseases reduce the immunity of plants, their resistance to frost, drought, pests, weeds, and no agrotechnical measures are saved from these diseases. We treat mushrooms - we get a flash of bacteriosis, we treat bacteria antibiotics - we get a flash of mushroom diseases.
I have a forty years of experience in treating children from mixed microbial-mushroom diseases, using drugs - four in one, killing mushrooms, microbes, renovate inflammation and restore the impaired skin or intestinal microflora.
What I saw in the vermicifa and what I learned now
So with soil. I first saw that the soil is perfectly treated with fresh exhaust from vermicomposts. In the intestines of worms there are no pathogenic bacteria and mushrooms, and there are thousands of microorganisms with hundreds of antibiotics, protecting worms from diseases, because worms millions of years are crawling in the dirty rotting dung. Last year, I described my experience in the past year that the garden was polished vermicofe (extractor from the vermicompost), and then the spray acch give an unprecedented harvest.
Not everyone can make a workerpost, but everyone can make a qualitative compost on the recommendation described above. In the compost, where there is no temperatures above 55 degrees, in three or four weeks they have time to multiply micro worms and millions of different micro soil livelihood, and all of them allocate coprolytes no worse than the dung worms, and the composition of bacteria in it is no worse than in the worryposte And the content of antibiotics, overwhelming all the well-known soil pathogens, not worse, and the composition of useful soil anaerobes and the simplest magnificent. We get the effect of four in one.
How to make hood and how to apply them
If we take 2-3 liters of high-quality compost on the water bucket, it is good to stir and insist about an hour before the color of dark coffee, pour them your sick beds, at the rate of half to two liters per square meter, then this infusion will suppress pathogenic mushrooms, and Bacteria will remove the inflammation of the roots and create a protective layer of useful microorganisms in the rhizosphere. Vitamins from the compost infusion will increase the immunity of plants, and they will successfully resist diseases, pests, drought and frost.
Then you can bring the organic to such cured soil, without fear, increase bacteriosis, to bring acch, and useful microbes will come down.
If you add a dozen beneficial bacteria to millions of pathogens - they do not take enough pathogens to add millions of useful bacteria in the soil in the soil, they will come up, create their own ecosystem and will not be allowed into their paradise pathogens.
Thus, the gardener may already obtain a harvest on the killed soil and not to reduce, but to grow fertility.
In this, the essence of my understanding, for which the gardener needs the right compost.