What should not be done before the wedding for the bride, groom and their family. Folk omens: what can not be done in order not to incite trouble You can not do before

Useful Tips

Taking exams is not always a predictable process.

Many students and schoolchildren are not confident in their abilities in exams, especially if this is the first time.

The exam session is one of the most stressful times in a student's life. For this reason, many of them resort tomany will accept that luck is on their side .

Some of them may seem strange and ridiculous, but perhaps believing in them can help you calm down before an important event.

Here are a few popular signs that are designed to attract good luck in exams .

1.With the beginning of the exams, it is recommended wear the same clothes and don't change b her to attract good luck. It is believed that new things do not carry any useful information in exams.

2. Many people believe that before the exam you need to sleep on a textbook, synopsis, or cheat sheet, which need to be kept open under the pillow on the right page, so that knowledge penetrates into the head of a person and is better absorbed.

3. Before the exam, a pupil or student may also ask relatives or friends to scold him... It is believed to bring good luck. The stronger the curse, the better. The only word to avoid is fool.

4. If you are taking exams in Moscow, you can visit the Ploschad Revolyutsii metro station, where the statue is located bronze dog... It is believed that rubbing the dog's nose will bring good luck in the exams. It is not surprising that at this place you can always see a crowd of students, and the nose itself has already been carefully polished.

5. On the last page in the upper right corner of the class draw a house with a window and a pipe from which smoke comes out... Moreover, the longer the smoke, the more chances you have to pass the session successfully. However, one should be careful that such art does not invalidate the book-book.

6. To find out the ticket number, go to a pregnant woman and ask her to name any number within a certain range.

7. Also a small talisman can come to the aid in exams. For this put five kopecks in the shoes under the heel to get an excellent mark. The metal is believed to stimulate the areas of the feet that are responsible for brain activity, thereby increasing the chances of success.

Exam Plot

There is also a popular conspiracy attracting "freebies" in exams... To do this, on the night before the exam, you need to open a window and, putting a record book in the window, shout: "Freebie, come!", Pointing to the required field in the record book.

After that, the record-book is closed so that the "freebie" does not disappear, and put under the pillow. You can even tie the bookcase with a thread or secure it with a paper clip for fidelity. At the same time, you do not need to open the student's record book until the exam itself, but it is better if the examiner himself does it first.

Signs: what not to do before the exam

1. It is believed that on the eve of exams you cannot wash your hair, cut your hair or nails, and shave otherwise you will wash away or cut off all knowledge. It is believed that when you wash your hair or do a haircut, you thereby disrupt the order of thoughts in your head, which can affect the result.

2. You can not leave textbooks and notes open on the table, since all the knowledge gained can evaporate.

3. You should not study the material when you are eating, watching TV or talking to someone, as the knowledge will not be consolidated.

4. It is impossible showing the class to other people before passing exams, otherwise you can jinx it.

5. No need to take out the trash on the eve of exams, otherwise you can throw away all knowledge.

Bad omens before the exam

No need to go home when you're out... If there is an urgent need for this, then before entering, look in the mirror and stick out your tongue.

If you are not an exam on the way met a black cat, you need to spit three times over the left shoulder and knock on the tree or, if you have time, slip in front of her.

If on the way to school or university you will be the first to meet a man - you are lucky, and if a woman - luck may turn away. If you meet a pregnant woman - good luck, and if a policeman, homeless person or firefighter - bad luck.

If you step on a hatch on your way to an exam, you need to touch something with your hand to give up.

Signs to pass the exam well

On the day of the exam you need to get out of bed with your left foot, and the rest of the actions (brushing your teeth, closing the door, etc.) are also desirable to be done on the left side.

You need to cross the threshold from your beloved foot which usually brings good luck. In other sources, you also need to cross the threshold with your left foot.

Having crossed the threshold, you can say the phrase: "God is in front, I am behind" and cross yourself.

You need to pull out the ticket with your left hand standing on the left leg. This should be done discreetly so that the examiner does not think that you are only relying on luck.

To get a good grade, enter the classroom immediately after the excellent student, before that, holding his hand so that he will pass on good luck to you.

No need to think long before drawing out a ticket, and pull out the one that immediately fell on your eyes.

When pulling out a ticket, hold onto a piece of wood.

You need to write with your favorite pen to keep the handwriting firm and to be praised.

Girls who want to attract good luck in exams are recommended put on red underwear.

Before entering the office, you can drop the record book in front of the threshold.

Some people advise rubbing your hands before the exam with something sticky to pull the ticket you know.

For luck you can tie a lace or thread on your left hand.

An integral part of fasting is confession, that is, repentance. This is one of the Orthodox sacraments, when a person tells a minister of the church about his sins that were committed by him during his life. It is important to know how to prepare for confession, because without this it will be impossible to start the sacrament.

How to Prepare for Confession and the Sacrament?

There are several requirements that the clergy tell people who want to receive the Holy Communion.

The person must be an Orthodox Christian who has been baptized by a legitimate priest. In addition, it is important to believe and accept the Holy Scriptures. There are various books with the help of which a person can learn about faith, for example, "Catechism".
Understanding what you need to know before confession and communion, it is worth pointing out that you need to remember evil deeds starting at the age of seven or from the moment of baptism, if this happened in adulthood. It is important to point out that you cannot mention the sins of others in order to justify your own actions.
A believer must make a promise to the Lord that every effort will be made to no longer make mistakes and do good.
In a situation where a sin has provoked harm to loved ones, then before confession it is important to make every possible effort to atone for the committed act.
It is equally important to forgive the existing grievances to people yourself, otherwise you should not count on the Lord's mercy.
It is recommended that you develop a habit for yourself every day, for example, before going to bed, to analyze the past day, bringing repentance to the Lord.

Fasting before confession

There are no direct prohibitions regarding whether it is possible to eat before the sacrament of confession, but it is recommended to refrain from eating for 6-8 hours. If you are interested in how to fast before confession and communion, then you must adhere to a three-day fast, so products include: vegetables and fruits, cereals, fish, baked goods, dried fruits and nuts.

Prayers before confession

One of the important stages of preparation is reading prayer texts, and this can be done both at home and in church. With their help, a person conducts spiritual cleansing and prepares for an important event. Many Orthodox believers assure that in order to prepare for confession, it is important to read prayers, the text of which is clear and well-known, so that you can get rid of disturbing thoughts and gain an understanding of the upcoming ritual. The priests assure that you can even ask for your loved ones, who will have confession and communion.

How to write down sins before confession?

Many people misunderstand the need to list their own sins, even using “lists”. As a result, confession turns into a formal enumeration of one's own mistakes. Priests allow the use of notes, but these should only be reminders and only if a person is really afraid of forgetting something. When figuring out how to prepare for confession, it is worth pointing out that it is important to understand the term "sin", as it is an act that is contrary to the will of the Lord.

There are several tips on how to write sins before confession in order to fulfill everything according to the existing canons.

First, you need to remember the misdeeds that concern the Lord, for example, lack of faith, using superstitions in life, turning to fortune-tellers and creating idols for yourself.
The pre-confession rules include an indication of the sins committed against oneself and other people. This group includes condemnation of others, neglect, bad habits, envy, and so on.
It is important during a conversation with priests to discuss only their own sins, without coming up with a special church language.
When confessing, a person should talk about really serious things, and not about trifles.
When figuring out how to properly prepare for confession and communion, it is worth pointing out that a believer should try to change his life before going to an individual conversation in church. In addition, you need to try to live in peace with the people around you.

Is it okay to drink water before confession?

There are many prohibitions concerning such important and responsible events in the life of a believer as confession and. It is believed that as a preparation, it is necessary to refrain from eating and drinking for at least 6-8 hours. It is important to note that before confession it is allowed to drink water only for people who need to drink medicines important for life. If a person drank water before communion, then the priest should be told about this.

Is smoking allowed before the sacrament and confession?

There are different opinions on this topic, which are expressed by the clergy.

Some believe that if a person smokes for a long time, it will be difficult for him to quit the bad habit, and there are cases when it is dangerous. In their opinion, cigarette addiction cannot be a reason for denying confession and communion.
Other clergymen, answering the question regarding whether it is possible to smoke before confession and communion, are categorical, arguing that if it is difficult for a person to abstain from tobacco before this important event, then it is difficult to talk about the presence of the triumph of the spirit over the body.

Is it okay to have sex before confession?

Many believers misunderstand it as something dirty and sinful. In fact, sex is an integral part of the marriage relationship. Many priests are of the opinion that husband and wife are free individuals, and no one has the right to enter their bedroom with their councils. Sex before confession is not strictly forbidden, but if possible, abstinence will be useful to maintain the purity of body and soul.

If a couple who are going to get married believes in signs and tries to adhere to them, then at the wedding you should not retreat from this either. There are many signs and superstitions about what should not be done before the wedding.

Signs of the bride

The bride's dress must be sewn in one piece, since it is believed that, having put on a separate dress, the life of the young will be separate.
To protect herself from the evil eye, the bride must fasten a pin to the hem of the dress, head up, or make a few stitches with a blue thread.
The bride cannot look at herself in the mirror in full wedding dress, she can just take off her shoes, gloves or a veil.
It is customary for the bridesmaids to help her put on her wedding dress in the morning. So, the dress must be worn over the head. It will be better if the jewelry is worn by that friend who lives happily in marriage. It is better not to choose pearls for such an occasion - to tears.
The dress needs to be bought new, not rented or outbid from others.
The bride's worn-out shoes can bring good luck to the family. This means that she must wear them for at least one day.
If the bride has younger sisters and she wants them to get married as soon as possible, then leaving the house she must pull on the edge of the tablecloth that covers the table.
The bride, on the last night before marriage, must definitely sleep with her parents, even if she and the groom live together.
Leaving the parental home, the bride cannot look back, especially when someone calls her. You only need to look ahead.
For a rich family life, in the left shoe, under the heel, you need to put a coin. Shoes should only be with closed toes.
Friends or sisters should not try on a wedding dress, because they can take over marital happiness.

Video "Wedding signs"

Signs to the groom

For a talisman against the evil eye, as well as for a bride, you can pin a pin or put a small icon in your breast pocket, which will not be pulled out until the end of the wedding.
It is forbidden to see the bride in a wedding dress before the wedding.
For a wedding suit, it is better to choose a tie, not a bow tie. It is believed that she will lead to betrayal on the part of the groom.
The suit should be black or navy blue. Light color is the shade of the bride.
Put a small chocolate bar in your jacket pocket and eat it with the bride before the painting ceremony. It bodes well for a sweet life.
If it rains on the wedding day, the groom must beware of puddles, otherwise he will be "friendly" with alcohol.

Video "Wedding signs and superstitions"

General wedding signs

In the modern world, people give more money for a wedding than gifts. But if the guests want to give something, then it should not be a sharp object, then it is better if the young give a coin for it.
Guests should not wear black clothes for a wedding, otherwise the future life of a young couple can be overshadowed.
Wedding rings are strictly forbidden to be measured by anyone other than newlyweds.
The bride should never let go of her wedding bouquet or give it to anyone (except her mother). Sitting at a festive table, she can put it in front of her in a vase.
Leaving the registry office, parents of young people should sprinkle them with coins and grain.
At the end of the wedding, the bride throws a bouquet to her unmarried friends. Only for such an occasion you need to buy a souvenir bouquet.
Divorced and married people are not taken as witnesses.
When choosing wedding rings, you need to know which ones to buy. They should hit perfectly smooth, without stones - this is for a smooth life together.

Signs are signs, but there are several points for young people that you need to adhere to and not do this before the wedding.

A few things to do before the wedding

For the bride, and the groom, too, it is not recommended abruptly, before the wedding he goes on a diet. This threatens a spoiled mood, blue under the eyes and unhealthy skin color.
It is not recommended to cut your hair before the wedding and dye your hair. It is not known what happens after that. The bride doesn't need to sunbathe. While tanning looks pretty, you can get uneven tanning and burns.
Do not experiment with your face for at least a week (buy new cosmetics or cleanse your face).
If one of the newlyweds has poor eyesight and wears glasses, but decided to wear lenses for the wedding, then you need to wear them in advance so that your eyes are not red at the wedding.
It's not worth working hard. Warn your superiors, and it is better to take a vacation in advance to rest and prepare everything.
Arrange for a trial hairstyle and make-up. In order not to make yourself an unpleasant surprise on your wedding day.
It is not necessary to conduct a bachelor party and a bachelorette party violently, especially if it is appointed before the wedding. Schedule it two to three weeks before the celebration.
Talk to the groom and ask him for a manicure. Photographers will definitely take pictures of your hands with rings, so let everything be perfect in the photo. If you can persuade him to make up, then it will be worth it. Nobody talks about eyelashes and blush, just to apply a foundation and hide minor skin imperfections.
Ask your team that helps you with the celebration (make-up artist, photographer, video operator, etc.) so that they arrive not at the appointed time, but a little earlier. There are many different incidents.
The bride and groom must eat in the morning, at least a little. After all, you have to be on your feet all day and drink champagne.
Gather the things that you will take with you in advance, so that later in the confusion you do not need to look for something.

Video “People's signs. Wedding rings"

A blood test is an important study that helps to identify both the cause of general unimportant well-being and to diagnose a disease or pathology. Blood donation is also carried out within the framework of donation. All these procedures require some preparation, on which the quality of the sample taken and the reliability of the analysis results will depend. Therefore, everyone needs to know what not to do before donating blood. For example, we will consider the collection of blood for various tests, as part of a donation.

Blood sampling

Almost any changes in the body are reflected in the composition of the blood. In humans, a sample of material is usually taken from the ring finger or the inner elbow bend - at the site of the vein.

Blood collection can be carried out for its transfusion to people in need - this is a donation. In most cases, this liquid is a sample for various analyzes:

General clinical. Allows you to identify the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, etc. Diagnostics of hematological, infectious, inflammatory processes.
Biochemical. A study that helps to assess the functioning of the whole organism, the work of some of its organs, metabolism.
For sugar. The amount of glucose in the blood mass is determined.
Immunological. The percentage of protective cells in the blood is determined. Allows you to identify immunodeficiency at an early stage.
Allergic test. Determines the sensitivity of a person to certain allergens.
Serological. Determines the blood group, the presence of antibodies to a particular virus, infection.
Hormone. Determining the level of any hormones in the body, it makes it possible to judge the presence of certain diseases.
For tumor markers. Proteins produced during tumor processes in the body are identified.

Tests are taken on an empty stomach. How many hours before donating blood should you not eat? The last snack should be 8-12 hours before the procedure.
Eating foods or drugs that have a diuretic effect.
On the eve of the test, there are fatty, spicy, sweet foods, pure sugar.
It is recommended to give up citrus fruits, bananas and avocados before the procedure.
Try to remove greens from the diet - cilantro and dill.

Now you know what not to do before donating blood. Here is a list of actions that are allowed before the procedure:

Drinking clean drinking water - non-carbonated, without dyes.
On the day before the procedure, have dinner with white meat, porridge, vegetables (stewed or fresh), low-fat fish.
Replace mayonnaise salad dressing for dinner with olive oil and vegetable oil.
On the day before the procedure, it is allowed to eat pears, pomegranates, apples, apricots, plums. Dried fruits - dried apricots and prunes.

Preparation for research

Now we will analyze the important stages of preparation for the procedure:

Do not smoke before donating blood. The last cigarette smoked - no later than an hour before the procedure.
Avoid various physiological procedures before taking a sample of material.
You must not drink alcohol before donating blood. The last glass of any alcoholic drink drunk - 2 days before the date of the test. If you give a sample for testing for HIV or hepatitis, then this interval will increase to 72 hours.
You should also protect yourself from various physical activities. This also includes jogging, going up / down stairs quickly.
The emotional state should be calm and balanced.
It is worth arriving for the procedure 15 minutes in advance - this is enough time to calm down physically and emotionally before the analysis.

Most of all, pay attention to temporary abstinence from food, alcohol and drugs. They are the ones who primarily distort the results of the analyzes.

General clinical analysis

Preparation for a general blood test is as follows:

The analysis is given only on an empty stomach.
The last snack is at least 3 hours before the procedure.
Blood can be donated not only in the morning, but also during the day.
What should not be eaten before donating blood? Products from the list in general recommendations.
Exclusion of physical, emotional stress, alcohol intake the day before taking a blood sample. Smoking - for an hour.

Biochemical analysis

Consider what should not be done before donating blood from a vein in this case, which is recommended by experts:

Exclusion of physical and emotional stress, alcohol intake and smoking 24 hours before taking a blood sample. Smoking - 1 hour.
The analysis is given on an empty stomach in the morning. From the moment of the last snack, at least 10-12 hours should pass.
If there is an urgent need, then blood sampling is allowed after 4 hours of fasting.
On the day before your test, also exclude chewing gum, hard candies, and refreshing lozenges.
It is allowed without restrictions to drink non-carbonated drinking water that does not contain dyes.

Note that biochemical analysis is very sensitive to violation of these rules - ignoring them can easily lead to distorted research results.

in blood

Preparation for such a study of a sample of material will be somewhat more detailed:

Starts in 3 days. All this time, the patient must adhere to his usual diet, not avoid habitual physical activity.
What is not allowed before donating blood for sugar? 1 day before the procedure, completely exclude emotional and physical stress, the intake of alcoholic beverages. For 1 hour - smoking.
The test will involve drawing two blood samples. The first one is taken in the morning on an empty stomach (the last snack is 10-12 hours in advance). Then the patient takes a load in the form of 75 ml of glucose diluted in water. Then you need to wait two hours - all this time the person sits quietly or lies before the second test.
What should not be eaten before donating blood? In addition to food and drink, do not use chewing gum, various lozenges and lozenges for 10-12 hours.
Drink clean water without restriction - still, without coloring elements.

Analysis for hormones

Consider important instructions from specialists here:

Before the procedure, strictly adhere to those individual recommendations that were voiced to you by the specialist who wrote out the referral for analysis.
Stop taking medications that have not been previously discussed with your doctor.
Blood is taken in the morning, on an empty stomach - no later than 12 days. Last meal - 10-12 hours in advance
Lollipops, chewing gum, lozenges should also not be consumed 10-12 hours before the analysis.
An unlimited amount of clean drinking water is allowed without aromas and flavorings.
If you are taking certain medications, plan to get tested before using the medication.

Thyroid hormone research

Preparation for passing this type of analysis will be as follows:

Stop taking iodine-containing preparations 2-3 days before the start of the procedure.
Those patients who are prescribed drugs that include thyroid hormones should definitely consult with their doctor about the drugs. It may be necessary to cancel their reception for some time before submitting the material.
The day before the study, all physical and emotional stress, the use of alcoholic beverages are excluded. Smoking - at least one hour before the procedure.
Blood is taken in the morning, no later than 12 noon.
Taking a blood sample - on an empty stomach. The last meal is not later than 10-12 hours before the study. This also includes chewing gum, lozenges and hard candies.
Before the procedure itself, you need to sit in a relaxed state for 10-15 minutes.
If the patient is taking medications, then their use should occur after taking a blood sample for research.
A person is not limited in the use of clean drinking water without gas and dyes.

Analysis for the study of blood clotting

Preparation for the study of the hemostasis system will look like this:

Alcohol intake, excessive physical activity, emotional stress are excluded one day before the procedure. The last cigarette smoked - no later than an hour before blood sampling.
Delivery of the analysis is standard. In the morning, strictly on an empty stomach. It takes 10-12 hours from the last consumption of food, drink, chewing gum, lozenge or candy.
Without restrictions, you can only drink water without flavoring additives and dyes.
If the patient is taking drugs that affect the functioning of the blood coagulation system, then their use should be planned after the procedure.

Donating blood: what you can't eat?

And the first limitation. Men without harm to their health can donate blood 5 times a year, women - 4.

What the donor should not eat before donating blood:

Spicy, fried, smoked, fatty foods.
Sausages.
Dairy products, fish and meat of all varieties.
Eggs and all types of oil (this includes vegetable oil).
Nuts, chocolate, dates.

But what is allowed:

Sweet tea (with jam).
Compote, fruit drink, juice.
Mineral water.
Bread, drying or croutons.
Porridge, pasta on the water.
Vegetables and fruits. Only bananas are prohibited.

Unlike the provision of material for analysis, a light breakfast is required before the procedure.

Donating blood: what should not be done?

What should not be done to the donor before donating blood:

How to behave after donating blood?

Doctors advise adhering to the following recommendations:

After the procedure, sit quietly for 10-15 minutes. You may feel a deterioration in health, light dizziness.
If you feel faint or dizzy, tell the nursing staff. You can independently deal with unpleasant sensations as follows: lie on your back and raise your legs above the level of your head. You can also sit down and lower your face between your knees.
Do not smoke for an hour after collection.
Do not remove the bandage for 3-4 hours, make sure that it does not get wet.
Refrain from drinking alcohol for 24 hours.
For one or two days, try to eat hard, consume a large amount of liquid.
The first vaccination after the procedure is allowed only after 10 days.
After a blood loss, it is recommended to drive a car no earlier than 2 hours later.

How to behave after analysis?

You now know what not to do before donating blood. But it is equally important for your health and well-being to listen to the recommendations of experts on behavior after the procedure:

Do not rush to immediately switch to vigorous activity - after the procedure, you should sit for 10-15 minutes in a relaxed state.
After passing the analysis, hurry up to drink enough water and have a good snack.
Protect yourself from excessive physical exertion all day after the procedure.
Spend as much time as possible in the fresh air, take a walk in the park.
After the procedure, do not rush to get behind the wheel - wait at least two hours. If you feel weak, unwell, then it is better to postpone driving for a day.

Preparation for the test, donated blood is simple and easy to remember. However, it directly affects the reliability of the research results, the quality of the donor material.

Are you sure you know what to do before playing sports to get the most out of them?

It may well be that some seemingly good habits are actually holding you back from achieving the results you want. We'll tell you what to avoid before exercising.

Read these precautions before signing up for a gym or exercising at home. They will help you avoid unpleasant consequences and get the most out of your exercise.

What not to do before exercising

1. Sleep before exercise

It can hardly be argued that each of us needs a good rest before starting physical exercise. but everything is good in moderation... So, before playing sports, it can reduce the effectiveness of the latter.

If the duration of the afternoon siesta exceeds 30 minutes waking up, you will feel more lethargic and tired than before sleep.

If you find it necessary to take a nap before class, do not forget to set the alarm so that you wake up in 15-20 minutes. A short nap will allow your eyes and body to rest, but it will not deceive your brain with the illusion of a long rest.

2. Perform muscle stretching

You probably remember how the physical education teachers at school warned about the need for a good warm-up before playing sports.

However, some experts these days take a different point of view. In their opinion, stretching and stretching can do more harm than good.

So, static stretching exercises before sports lead to weakening of the muscles and increase the load on the muscles. All this increases the risk of various injuries.

It is advisable to replace the static stretch with activewarming upmovements. Running, scissor jumping, and an exercise bike will gradually warm up your muscles.

Static stretching is best done after exercise. When muscle activity decreases after the end of the exercise, this stretching will be beneficial for the body.

3. Do high-intensity exercise at intervals

The intensity of these exercises varies in each part. Such exercises disrupt the natural, because their dynamics is constantly changing, and the parts are separated by pauses for rest.

In addition, this practice quickly leads to a decrease in stamina and strength. You may feel tired early on in this exercise.

Cardio is the best way to warm up. In this case, excessive stress should be avoided.

4. Eat and drink a lot

After eating, your body kicks off the digestive process. For this he needs energy. This is why, as a child, your parents insisted that you rest after meals.

When you start exercising soon after a meal, your body is overwhelmed. This can cause stomach cramps and nausea.

If you drink, then your body loses strength ahead of time. Most likely, after them you will not be able to perform the exercises properly.

Try to eat a healthy diet to keep your body energized. This is especially important in those moments when you plan to play sports.
Eat more fruits, grains, and yoghurts. It is also recommended to refrain from eating sweets.
It should also be remembered that many energy drinks contain too much sugar. We advise you to carefully read the information on the product label. It may turn out that your favorite energy drink not only does not help, but even harms your body.

5. Abuse supplements

Proper nutrition before exercising will provide your body with everything it needs. In this case, you will not need to take special supplements.

If you nevertheless decide to take them, you must follow the measure. Overuse of these products can cause irregular heartbeats, nausea, nervousness, and other health problems.

In other words, with long-term use, such supplements do more harm than good. We recommend that you think seriously before stimulating your body with such means.

You should also read the label information carefully before taking supplements. You should always be clear about what exactly you are going to drink.... You should know how these supplements will affect your body and health, what are the contraindications to their use and possible side effects. This information will help you make the right decision.

You can take them for a while, until your body becomes hardy and strong. The most important thing is not to overuse such products.

Also on the topic

Windows history

Slavs - a family of kindred peoples Who are the Slavs what peoples

Who is the Slav? History and myths of the Slavs. Demographic dynamics of Slavic peoples in Eastern Europe at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries What nations belong to the Slavs

Kalanchoe Degremona: home care

Why do pigeons nod their heads when they walk? How do a pigeon walk?