Solution for masonry bricks from arbolit. Construction of a house from Arbolit (Arbolite blocks) - construction technology, from the foundation to the roof

The work process and the laying of arbolite blocks is not a complex building process. Especially, if you know the characteristics and properties of the Arbolit itself.

What made arbium blocks from

At the moment, the use of material in construction began to meet quite often. It is due to the fact that the material has high technical indicators and its own composition.

Arbolit consists:

• From sulfate cement.
• Portland cement.
• Binding substances.
• Chips, sawdust and so on.
• Cellulose raw materials.
• Mineral enzymes.
• Chemical additives.
• Liquids.
• All materials were tested for strength and reliability.
• Use them in a certain amount.
• Arbolite is made only at special factories.
• But, there is an opportunity with the help of equipment to make it at home.
• This will require all the above ingredients and instructions.

The process of independent manufacture of raw materials is a rather complicated process, and you need to have certain knowledge in this area.

Technological features and properties of material

Already long ago, the fact that arbolite blocks are the most optimal solution for the construction of a residential building. The price of this building material is available, which makes it possible to use it for other purposes.

Consider more about what?

• Arbolite blocks have a large porous structure.
• Due to which it is possible to maintain constant temperature regime in the room.
• The humidity in the structure is also on the same indicator (with the proper operation of the building).
• In terms of its properties and characteristics, arbolite blocks are a bit similar to the properties of wood.

Properties of arbite blocks:

• This material is environmentally friendly, since it does not contain synthetic substances and elements. It is made only from pure raw materials.
• Arbolit is not exposed to fire. This ensures the safety of the structure in case of fire.
• Blocks have non-standard sizes that are very helpful to build a house quickly and easily.
• They have a smaller mass than brick. Thus, the load on the foundation of the house is not created.
• Despite its small weight, the blocks maintain significant loads and are able to carry any kind of roof (on a wooden or metal frame).
• Arbolit is quite simply subjected to cutting.
• Due to its structure and composition, blocks breathe, and thereby ensures a favorable microclimate in the room.
• The material has a high thermal conductivity indicator, which allows you to do without additional insulation.

Since the structure of Arbolit is porous, it is recommended to make its inner and exterior decoration. So that the pores do not absorb moisture and have not passed it in the inside of the building.

• The most important property of arbolit is that the structure and composition is not capable of being influenced by rotting, which cannot be said about wood.
• The material freely transfers any climatic and weather phenomena. Its structure from such an impact does not change over long time of operation.

Some professionals argue that only one-story buildings and economic buildings can be built from Arbolit. This is not true. Arbolit - durable and reliable building material and multi-storey buildings from it will be in operation for at least 50 years.

• Arbolit is not afraid of frosts. He is not terrible temperature changes. Even if the house has not been heated for a long time, then in it in a short period of time, you can create an optimal temperature, since the air will be warm immediately in the room, not the walls.

Types and brands of arbolite blocks

At the moment, there are two types of arbolite blocks in construction:

• Heat insulating.
• Structural.

All of them are divided into brands and subspecies:

• The strength of the arbolite depends on its brand.
• The most durable and reliable are the Arbolite blocks of the brand 50.
• All blocks of brands are less than 50 can also be used for construction, only need to correctly calculate the load on the material.
• There are still stamps: 5-10-15-25-35.
• From similar brands are not made blocks, but plates from arbolit.
• Their spectrum of application lies in insulation and isolation of the external walls of the structure.

Many builders prefer the first size of the arbolite block, since its masonry is performed quite quickly and simply and the material size itself contributes to a more rapid construction of the structure.

The second size of the material is more suitable for the construction of interroom partitions.

Performing Masonry Arbium Blocks

Arbolite blocks are pretty quickly and simple, all work can be made independently.

Consider the work process:

• The laying of arbite blocks is simple due to the size of the material.
• Inside each block has a thermal survey, which provides thermal insulation of the structure.
• The laying of each block is performed: in 0.5 block or in 1 block.

Since the size of the arbolite block is quite large, the laying of 1.5 or 2 blocks can be carried out only during the construction of multi-storey buildings.

Due to the fact that the masonry is performed similarly to the brick laying, it is done with their own hands:

• If in the process of masonry to fill the thermorroduction with concrete solution, then the strength of the walls from arbite blocks increases.
• There are various laying technologies of arbite blocks: with filling the thermal separation and without.

If a concrete solution is used in the masonry, which are filled with all the gaps on each block, then it is necessary to perform an exterior isolation of the structure, since due to the solution, the blocks will not pass so effectively air as without it.

According to its technology, the laying and construction of the walls of the structure from arbium blocks are similar to saman bricks. They have practically such dimensions and similar properties in the application.

In order to make the laying of arbolic blocks, you will need:

• Pour the base of the structure that would correspond to its size and weight of roofing design.
• Then the concrete solution is made in which special additives intervene for greater strength.
• The solution itself is manufactured from portland cement, purified sand and water.

Do not immediately knead a lot of solution with additives, as it is able to quickly stick and lose its properties.

• The base for masonry of arbite blocks can be: monolithic, pile, columnar foundations.
• Such types of foundations are the most optimal for the structure.
• If the structure is single-storey, it is enough to use the masonry in 0.5 block.
• If the structure is two- or three-story, then it is better to apply the masonry in 1 block.

And in that in the way it is necessary to make an outdoor building.

From the tools for masonry will need:

• Building level.
• Plumb.
• Stretchs.
• Capacity for more convenient use of the solution.
• Bulgarian with special nozzles for cutting material.
• The reinforcement grid of a small size that can be laid between blocks for stronger bonded.

The masonry itself is performed using a concrete solution and the whole process is similar to the brick laying.

Master must be performed from the corners of the structure. Thus, the carrier corner structures will be more durable and consist of solid material.

The laying is performed gradually:

• Initially, the solution is superimposed on the base and is put on it using a building level of blocks.
• They are securely fixed.
• The thickness of the concrete solution should not exceed 15-20 mm.
• Then the blocks are put on the parties. From above, it is impossible to superimpose, since the wall plane under the weight of arbumy blocks will break.

Each blocks of the block can be put only after a thorough fixation of the first. It is worth considering that after laying, finishing work will be performed using frame or brick facing. It is necessary to make a binding fittings in the walls, which is mounted in the finish and thus, the bundle of the wall with trim.

The decoration of arbolite blocks, both outer and internal, is performed using modern facing materials, but it is necessary to take into account the ventilation clearance in the works, since the material breathes. On video, you can view the process of work related to the material masonry.

Check the price and conditions for performing an order for the construction of walls from arbite blocks by calling 8-966-311-02-32

Are you planning to build a house and do not know who can you entrust the construction of walls at home? Our team will turn the construction of the house in a fast, pleasant and inexpensive process. Only professionals with solid work experience work in the brigade. We control each step of construction, the speed and quality of work is the highest. For our shoulders hundreds of works in the suburbs. We offer a range of services for construction.

Construction from Arbolita

Construction from Arbolit is only gaining momentum, this building material appeared relatively recently. Blocks from Arbolita allow you to pick up almost any plot for construction. Even when the foundation fails, a crack will not appear on the wall. The foundation for the house can be both tape and burbilling. The cost of building a house is reduced, since when using arbite blocks, minimum requirements are presented to the foundation. The base must be made not lower than 400-500 mm.

With the help of arbolic blocks, you can build not only single-storey country houses, but also two and three-storey houses. The wall thickness will not be more than 40 cm. The laying of blocks from Arbolita resembles the collection of the design of Lego. For the construction of walls, it is necessary to make waterproofing between the wall and the foundation. When laying, the prerequisite for the reliability and resistance of the walls is the elimination of cold bridges.

Nuances Masonry Arbolite Blocks

Use two work options. The first, the easiest and most popular - mounting foam. The second is the use of the method of breaking the dissolve seam along the contour of the arbite block. To do this, use a special slat with a thickness of 12 mm. Cement is poured between them, there are two strips on the sides of the block.

For masonry, the perfect will not be completely dry block, but a little wet. Arbolite blocks are very hygroscopic, the dry block during masonry pulls the entire moisture from the cement mixture. The partition device does not require special laying conditions.

Arbolite blocks can be adjusted in size and form at the construction site. If you order in production fitting sizes and shapes, the price of work will grow. In order to make the desired form of a fairly stone saw, cut the facing tile, after that the unit can be corrected by chainsaw.

Arbolit and moisture

Due to their hygroscopicity, the walls from arbite blocks need to be protected from dampness. From the inside the walls are squeezed, outside or plastering outside. It is necessary to lay a vapor insulation material between the wall of the arbolit and the inner cover. There should be free space between the facing outside and the wall. When using facing arbite blocks, the external decorative finish will not be needed. The cost of building a house will decrease.

For the construction of a house in the Moscow region, arbolite blocks are the perfect option, it is economical and reliable at the same time. Trust the construction of your home only to professionals. The result will please you.

Concrete with wood filler was created in the first half of the last century in the Netherlands and patented under the product name Durisol. Arbolit is his domestic analogue, for decades, produced in the USSR and used primarily for the construction of rural houses, agricultural and small infrastructure facilities. Today, the production of trees in Russia is reborn, and the demand for it is growing every year. Arbolit is relatively inexpensive and has a unique combination of qualities in demand in low-rise house-building.

Pluses of Arbolita

Arbolit is produced by vibratory pressure from a mixture of specially prepared wood chips, cement mortar and chemical additives (plasticizers for concrete, antiseptics, porosity regulators, etc.). In low-rise construction, the material is mainly a density of 500-600 kg / m3 of compression strength classes B 1.0 (for single-storey buildings), B 1.5 and B 2.0 (for two-storey).

The standard dimensions of the mosquito block are 200 × 300 × 600 mm. In addition, on sale there are partition blocks 500 × 300 × 140/150 mm, U-shaped jumper beams; Some companies on the request also produce wall panels of different sizes.

Walls made of arbite blocks with a thickness of 300 mm have a heat transfer resistance (R) about 2.7 m2 ° C / W, that is, almost comply with the requirements of the joint venture 50.13330.2012 "Thermal protection of buildings" for the middle strip of Russia. In general, according to the main heat engineering indicators, the arbolit is close to, while even a little cheaper of the autoclave gas silicate of leading firms (approximately 4500 rubles per 1 m3, taking into account delivery). Walls from arbite blocks are well missed couples and are able to reduce the amplitude of indoor air moisture amplitude. The material is easily sawmed with a hacksaw with large teeth or "alligator" electrical or chainsaw.

The important advantage of the trees in front of the foam block is that he is better holding fasteners. This facilitates the doors, Mauerlat, the root of the trim (for example, siding) and other overhead and attachments.

When buying blocks, pay attention to the size of the chips. It must correspond to GOST 19222-84 and range to about 40 × 10 × 5 mm. Blocks of smaller chips have an increased coefficient of thermal conductivity, and from larger - can give a significant shrinkage and are not durable enough.

Along with insulated hollow blocks, the construction of energy-efficient houses is used for the construction of sep-concrete slabs (VELOX technology).

How to lay blocks

Deviations from nominal sizes Even those produced on modern equipment of arbite blocks can reach 7 mm (allowed by GOST). Thus, the normal thickness of the masonry seams is 10-15 mm, and the use of a conventional cement-sandy solution will lead to a significant deterioration in the heat engineering characteristics of the walls.

Block manufacturers recommend leading on a "warm" solution (it should not be confused with a fine glue for gas-silicate blocks, which in this case is unlikely). "Warm" solution is not so difficult to prepare independently of cement and low density fillers, such as perlite sand, which is sold in bags and squeezing. And you can purchase a finished masonry mixture, for example "Putform MS14" ("Best") or TKS 2020 (Perel).

The first row of blocks are placed on bed seam over two-layer waterproofing of the base. The second and further each fourth seam should be strengthened by the reinforcement grid. It is also necessary to reinforce the row over the pro. T-shaped joints of the walls are performed with the dressing, but when the device internal partitions, they are mounted on the walls to the walls of mortgages, pins, and anchors.

If it is decided to build a slab interhesive overlap, in places it supports the walls to the walls is required to arrange a reinforced concrete belt with a width of 200 mm and a height of at least 100 mm with volumetric reinforcement; In this case, the width of the reference platform should be 80-100 mm. In order to avoid freezing the wall, the belt is isolated with a street side by polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.

With wooden floors, ventilated (without the subsequent sealing with a solution) were warmed with beams under beams. As a general rule, the working depth of these nests should be 15 cm, however, the required support area is better to calculate individually, taking into account the load on overlapping and strength to compress a particular batch of blocks.

Jumpers over the processes are more correctly performed using special U-shaped blocks. These trays put the reinforcement frame and poured cement-sandy solution or heavy concrete. You can also block the loops can also be homemade w / b beams and sections of fittings and metal products, but if you plan to plaster the walls, use bare metal undesirable, because with time the rust will almost certainly catch up on the finish.

Arbolit is widely used in the construction of half-timbered houses, combining blocks or panels with massive wooden pillars and beams.

Decor and protection

Walls from arbite blocks can be plastered or sewn either by panels.

The material gives a shrinkage about 0.5% for the first 4-6 months (then the shrinkage is almost terminated), so it is better not to start the finish earlier than six months after the construction or use elastic plasters and a moving gentleman for the mounted facade.

The higher the density of arbolit, the stronger the wall, but worse thermal insulation. Optimal for low-rise construction value - 500 kg / m3.

The plaster facade should have a vapor permeability coefficient of at least 0.09 mg / (m. The surface of the arbolite is firmly engaged with any plastering compositions - there is no need to use the grid.

When mounting the mounted facade, the walls are protected by a windband membrane, then mounted a doom of steel galvanized profiles or antiseptic plates. Next, you can choose any modern - wooden timber imitation or log, fibro-cement or wood-polymer.

How to improve the energy efficiency of the walls

Improve the thermal insulation characteristics of walls from arbite blocks can be three main ways.

1. Use Penarbolit. In this case, the wall with a thickness of 300 mm will have a heat transfer resistance of 3.1 m2 ° C / W (the requirements of new building standards for the middle band of Russia are 2.9-3.2 m2 ° C / W). The foamarbolit is slightly expensive than the usual, more moisture consists, but worse lies with the plaster (a reinforcing grid is required).
2. Build from hollow blocks (just such blocks are produced today under the Durisol brand). Part of the void volume in such a block occupy inserts from basalt wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam, and the rest of the space is filled with severe concrete or pelitobetone. The masonry is reinforced by horizontal and vertical rods. The wall is obtained not only with a warm (r ≈ 3.4 m2 ° C / W), but also very strong, it retains steam permeability (though only if used insulation with an open cellular structure). The walls erected on this technology will cost 50-70% more expensive than normal (300 mm thick, from full-scale blocks), but will provide a substantial (at least 30%) savings on home heating.
3. Warm house outside. You can, for example, mount a warm plastering facade based on the Rockfasade system (Rockwool) or "IsOVER plastering facade" ("Saint-Goben"), which have been applied for a long time when repairing urban high-rise buildings. On the walls outside with a special fastener (glue, reference profiles, plate dowels), the plates of mineral wool are 50 mm thick, and then their surface is placed on the polymer grid. The life of the structure is at least 25 years. Another option is to arrange the insulation of the same thickness under the trim (between the brucks of the root), while ensuring the ventilation gap of about 30 mm. Outdoor insulation allows you to achieve heat transfer resistance of 3.2-3.4 m2 ° C / W.

Arbolite blocks: Comparison of characteristics

• Text: Vladimir Grigoriev

Arbolite blocks - the material is not capricious, but peculiar. And if you put the task: do it yourself to carry them out, then with this process it usually does not occur. The only question that private developers is asks, and whether it is necessary to reinforce the arbolite blocks. Answer it is definitely - yes, this is a necessity, or not, optionally - it is impossible. Everything will depend on the building structure.

What is arbolit and its characteristics

Before dealing with the reinforcement of the masonry of Arbolit, it is necessary to designate that this wall material is made of light concrete, which includes a wooden chip as a filler. Of all materials with organic fillers, it is the most durable with excellent thermal insulation qualities.

Its external surfaces are a porous structure, which guarantees good adhesive properties of blocks. But at the same time, the pores are filled with a large number of masonry mortar, which leads to a large consumption. But this has its own plus - the ability to make seam between blocks is thin, which provides the appearance of the wall, similar to a monolithic design. In addition, the seam is a cold bridge, so than it is thinner, the better.

In addition, the solution in the porous structure of the block surface provides high strength of the entire wall design. In this regard, materials with a smooth surface of arbolitis are inferior. Therefore, developers may have doubts, but is it worth it to reinforce the masonry of Arbolit. Everything will depend on the design of the building, its purpose and operating conditions. But, as practice shows, any structures, built from block materials, must be rejected. This also applies to the masonry, and armopoyeas laid at the top.

How reinforcement is held

Let's start with the fact that three types of solutions can be used to masonry arbolite blocks:

1. Cement-sandy mixture, as a bright representative of the masonry solutions. Today, this material on the market is represented by the sandbetones of different brands, although it is not a problem to make it with your own hands in a concrete mixer or in a trough. The main thing is to accurately withstand the proportions of ingredients, where the ratio of cement sand is 1: 3.
2. Perlite mixtures or differently "warm". Instead of sand, a pearl powder falls asleep - this is a fine volcanic breed. Perlite in the solution appears not only as a filler, but also insulation.
3. Adhesive composition for cellular concrete. This is the most perfect version of the masonry solution for Arbolit.

So, the reinforcement of arbolite begins immediately from the first row of stacked blocks. This is a strict requirement. For this, a standard welded reinforcing grid of steel wire with a diameter is not less than 2.5 mm with cells at least 50x50 mm. Such a mesh is for sale in rolls with a width of 1.5 m and length to 25 m. It is convenient, because the roll can be deployed and cutting from it the required number of segments of the required length and width, which will provide a shameless laying of the mesh. If you have to stick segments, and this will definitely be present at the joints of the external and inland walls, the connection is made by the adhesive method within 15 cm with a lining wire in three to four places.

The process of laying the grid is standard, where there is one requirement - it should be located in the body of the masonry solution. Therefore, a pre-waterproof foundation is applied with a thickness of 10-12 mm thick. A reinforcing mesh is stacked on it with a small blending to the finished mixture. There is another option when the solution is applied with a layer of 5-6 mm, then the mesh is placed on top of one layer of a mixture of 5-6 mm. After that, Arbolit laying begins.

The second option is much better. It allows you to hold down the plots. That is, a mesh, laid on a masonry solution, you can not immediately cover the upper layer. And this makes it possible not to rush. It is possible to conduct a process differently. The stacked segment of the grid is folded into the roll. A solution is applied to the foundation, for example, 3 m along. The grid turns on this size, an additional layer is applied on top and masonry is carried out. The same with the following three meters.

It is necessary to reinforce the masonry from arbite blocks every 3 rows. If a single-storey building is constructed, then laying the reinforcing grid can be carried out less often - every 5-6 rows.

Armopoyas

Does Armopois need in the house from Arbolit. Needless, especially if it comes to a multi-storey building. It is poured in the basement overlap, inter-storey and attic. In the first ceiling, it is not necessary to do this if the foundation foundation will endure all the necessary loads. In this place, Armopoyas is poured if the foundation design is not a monolith, that is, assembled from blocks.

The thing is that the reinforced belt is intended mainly to contain loads emanating from the shrinkage of the house. It evenly distributes these loads throughout the perimeter of the building, without giving cracks to the walls.

Armopoyas for Arbolita can be poured in two ways:

1. It is installed throughout the perimeter formwork with a wide width equal to the width of the wall. Height is determined by calculations. Formwork is attached to the foundation or walls of the construction of long self-draws, nails or other fasteners.
2. Special arbolic blocks of U-shaped form are used.

Formwork method reinforcement

This is a traditional technology with a formwork from boards or other flat materials. The main requirement is the strength of the structure, which when pouring the concrete should not disperse on the parties. Therefore, shields are fastening through studs or wooden cross.

An important element of Arbolita Armopoyas element is a reinforcing frame made of steel reinforcement. In fact, these are two grilles with 20x20 cm cells, assembled from reinforcement with a diameter of 8-10 mm. They are installed vertically and combine among themselves to the bulk structure (cage) with crossings from the reinforcement with a diameter of 6-8 mm. All compounds are produced by knitting wire.

The reinforcing steel frame is installed on the stands so that it is in the armopoyas body. Therefore, he should be less than the space formed by the formwork and the foundation plane. You can use stones, pieces of concrete blocks, segments of metal profiles as supports.

The last stage is the pouring of a concrete solution, made according to the recipe: cement-sand-crushed stone in a ratio of 1: 2: 2. Concrete must be poured simultaneously without larger breaks between fillible batches - no more than 2-3 hours. The solution is necessarily subjected to vibration to remove air, which falls into the mixture in the process of its kneading. And the air is the pores inside the armojoye, which lead to a decrease in the strength characteristics of the structure.

You can remove the formwork in two or three days. But you can load Armopoyas in 15 days, and better than 28.

These are special blocks in which the longitudinal groove is made. The shape of the section may be rectangular or oval. In it and it is necessary to fill a concrete solution with preliminary laying of reinforcement. This method simplifies several times the above-described procedure using formwork. Because the U-shaped blocks are stacked along the top row of the wall as standard elements of the masonry, and perform the functions of a non-removable formwork.

It is important here to understand that the reinforcing frame of steel reinforcement in the form of a cell or lattice here does not apply. Just along the wall in the groove two or three reinforcement rods with a diameter of 12-16 mm are laid at a short distance from each other, associated with a knitting wire or not associated. The main thing is to lay the rods so that they find themselves in the body of a filling concrete solution.

There are two important advantages of this method of aropoyash construction for Arbolita:

1. Easy work.
2. It turns out a warmed belt of reinforced arbolit.

Third version of the formation of armoo

With the advent of U-shaped blocks, the need for this technology of fill the reinforcing belt disappeared. Just designate it for information.

This will require arbistic blocks of a smaller width. For example, the width of the wall block is 300 mm, which means that a block of 100 or 150 mm is needed. It is impossible to find the material of the wall type of such dimensions, so the masters simply cut one-piece blocks for the required dimensions.

The resulting elements of masonry with a smaller width was laid on the wall or foundation so that the opening remains between them, where the reinforcement rods were laid and the concrete solution was flooded. Sometimes they came in another way:

• from the front side (outer), a block of 150 mm wide was laid;
• with reverse, installed boards or sheets of flat slaughter or sheet materials (plywood, rally, etc.);
• it turned out a peculiar formwork, the outer side of which was already insulated.

Conclusion

So, answering the question whether the house is required from Arbolit reinforcement, you can answer that this process is one of the important. It is using the reinforcement of walls and overlaps that can be guaranteed a uniform shrinkage of the building without the appearance on the walls of cracks. In addition, these structures are often called seismic masses, which is very important in areas with seismic activity.