"The scarlet light of dawn was woven on the lake ..." Sergei Yesenin
The scarlet light of dawn was woven on the lake.
In the forest, the wood grouses are crying with bells.An oriole is crying somewhere, hiding in a hollow.
Only I'm not crying - my soul is light.I know that you will leave the ring of roads in the evening,
Let's sit in fresh heaps under a nearby haystack.I'll kiss you drunk, I'll knock like a color,
There is no gossip for the drunk with joy.You yourself, under the caresses, will throw off the silk of the veil,
I'll take you drunk until morning into the bushes.And let the wood grouses cry with the bells,
There is a merry longing in the scarves of dawn.
Analysis of Yesenin's poem "The scarlet light of dawn was woven on the lake ..."
Researchers of his life and work consider Yesenin's early lyrics to be unequal and heterogeneous. It is difficult to single out a single dominant motive in it; it should not be subsumed under one key idea. Sergei Alexandrovich experienced various influences. Here are Russian folk tales, songs, ditties, and works of professional writers - Tolstoy, Gorky, Nadson. Therefore, among his poems there are both imbued with reckless fun and unrestrained joy, and reflecting pessimistic moods that develop the theme of death.
Yesenin's early poetry includes a poem written in 1910 "The scarlet color of dawn was woven on the lake ...", which combines the features of intimate and landscape lyrics. The first few couplets are devoted to the description of nature. The lyrical hero admires the sunrise. An amazingly beautiful sight appears in front of him - as if someone weaved a scarlet color against the blue background of the lake. To create a three-dimensional picture, Sergei Aleksandrovich adds sounds to it - "the wood grouses are crying in the woods with ringing sounds," "an oriole is crying somewhere." It would seem that the lyrical hero should be sad, but his soul is light. The reason for this is love. The young man is looking forward to a date with a girl dear to his heart. Feelings overwhelm him. The character is immersed in dreams regarding their pastime together. In the finale, Yesenin uses a curious oxymoron - "merry melancholy." With the help of this means of artistic expression, the poet manages to quite accurately convey the state of a man in love, who quickly wants to see the object of sighing.
There is a possibility that the poem "The scarlet color of dawn was woven on the lake ..." is dedicated to the first serious feeling of Sergei Alexandrovich. The heart of young Yesenin belonged to Anna Alekseevna Sardanovskaya - the daughter of relatives of the Constantine priest Father John, who came to the village to stay for the summer. It is difficult to name the exact time of the poet's acquaintance with the girl. The most common version is 1907 or 1908. First, a childhood friendship struck up between them, then Yesenin fell in love, which was reflected in a number of his early works. Sergei Alexandrovich remembered his first strong feeling, pure and innocent, until the end of his life. Perhaps Sardanovskaya is the prototype of Anna Snegina. The strongest blow for the poet was the early death of Anna Alekseevna, who died in 1921, at the age of twenty-five.
Fifteen years old, just getting on the path of a poet, Yesenin writes a poem "The scarlet color of dawn was woven on the lake" full of youthful romance. A deep analysis of the lines is not needed to see the spontaneity of Sergei's adolescence, his childish naivety against the background of the formation of a beautiful style and clear rhyme.
The lines show two main directions of creativity - nature and women. Yesenin will not turn away from the sources until the end of his life, until the fateful night in a hotel in St. Petersburg.
The plot of the poem
The poet's soul has not yet been clouded by partings, betrayal and betrayal, and alcohol has not yet opened the door of the soul for a black man. In the poem, against the background of the idealism of nature, Sergei talks about a date with a girl, whose meeting is scheduled in a fresh shock behind the ring of roads:
The date is full of passion, the couple grows drunk with the joy of meeting and surrenders to love until dawn. The only thing that upsets the author is parting in the morning, when the capercaillies are crying at full speed, and the dawn is reddening on the horizon.
Merry longing
But even this melancholy is not dark - it is cheerful, since the morning symbolizes a new day, and after it again will come the evening and the joy of a new meeting.
Youth dates do not yet bring Esenin the pain of separation, ideals have not yet been lost, the heart has not yet known the bitterness of betrayal and betrayal.
This is one of the first known poems by Sergei Yesenin, but even in it one can clearly see the step of the future poet with his ability to convey to the reader the beauty of thought and make him empathize with the hero.
The scarlet color of the dawn was woven on the lake.
In the forest, the wood grouses are crying with moans.
An oriole is crying somewhere, hiding in a hollow.
Only I'm not crying - my soul is light.
I know that you will leave the ring of roads in the evening,
Let's sit in fresh heaps under an autumn haystack.
I will kiss you drunk, I will crush, like a color,
There is no gossip for the drunk with joy.
You yourself, under the caresses, will throw off the silk of the veil,
I'll take you drunk until morning into the bushes.
And let the wood grouses cry with the bells,
There is a merry longing in the scarves of dawn.
In conclusion, I propose to listen to the song to the verses "Weaved on the lake the scarlet color of dawn" performed by Mikhail Svetlov.
Sergey Yesenin
poem
The scarlet light of dawn was woven on the lake.
In the forest, the wood grouses are crying with bells.
An oriole is crying somewhere, hiding in a hollow.
Only I'm not crying - my soul is light.
I know that you will leave the ring of roads in the evening,
Let's sit in fresh heaps under a nearby haystack.
I'll kiss you drunk, I'll knock like a color,
There is no gossip for the drunk with joy.
You yourself, under the caresses, will throw off the silk of the veil,
I'll take you drunk until morning into the bushes.
And let the wood grouses cry with the bells,
There is a merry longing in the scarves of dawn.
Read by R. Kleiner
Rafael Aleksandrovich Kleiner (born June 1, 1939, village Rubizhne, Lugansk region, Ukrainian SSR, USSR) - Russian theater director, People's Artist of Russia (1995).
From 1967 to 1970 he was an actor in the Moscow Theater of Drama and Comedy on Taganka.
Currently director and screenwriter of the Moscow Philharmonic
Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich (1895-1925)
Yesenin was born into a peasant family. From 1904 to 1912 he studied at the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School and at the Spas - Klepikovsky School. During this time he wrote more than 30 poems, compiled a handwritten collection "Sick Thoughts" (1912), which he tried to publish in Ryazan. The Russian village, the nature of central Russia, oral folk art, and most importantly - Russian classical literature had a strong influence on the formation of the young poet, directed his natural talent. Yesenin himself at different times named different sources that nourished his work: songs, ditties, fairy tales, spiritual poems, "The Lay of Igor's Host", poetry of Lermontov, Koltsov, Nikitin and Nadson. Later, he was influenced by Blok, Klyuev, Bely, Gogol, Pushkin.
Yesenin's letters from 1911 to 1913 show the difficult life of the poet. All this was reflected in the poetic world of his lyrics from 1910 to 1913, when he wrote more than 60 poems and poems. Here his love for all living things, for life, for his homeland is expressed ("The scarlet light of dawn was woven on the lake ...", "High water with smoke ...", "Birch", "Spring evening", "Night" "," Winter sings - sounds ... "," Stars "," Dark night, can't sleep ... ", etc.)
The most significant works of Yesenin, which brought him the fame of one of the best poets, were created in the 1920s.
Like any great poet, Yesenin is not a thoughtless singer of his feelings and experiences, but a poet - a philosopher. Like any poetry, his lyrics are philosophical. Philosophical lyrics are poems in which the poet talks about the eternal problems of human existence, conducts a poetic dialogue with man, nature, the earth, and the Universe. An example of the complete interpenetration of nature and man is the poem "Green Hair" (1918). One develops in two ways: birch - girl. The reader will never know who this poem is about - about a birch tree or about a girl. Because a person here is likened to a tree - the beauty of the Russian forest, and she is likened to a person. A birch tree in Russian poetry is a symbol of beauty, harmony, youth; she is bright and chaste.
Poetry of nature, mythology of the ancient Slavs imbued with such poems of 1918 as "Silver road ...", "Songs, songs about what are you shouting about?" etc.
Yesenin's poetry of the last, most tragic years (1922 - 1925) is marked by a striving for a harmonious outlook. Most often, in the lyrics, there is a deep understanding of oneself and the Universe (“I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry ...”, “The golden grove dissuaded me ...”, “We are now leaving a little ...”, etc.)
The poem of values in Yesenin's poetry is one and indivisible; everything in it is interconnected, everything forms a single picture of the “beloved homeland” in all the variety of its shades. This is the highest ideal of the poet.
Having passed away at the age of 30, Yesenin left us a wonderful poetic legacy, and while the earth lives, Yesenin, the poet, is destined to live with us and “sing with his whole being in the poet the sixth part of the earth with a short name“ Rus ”.
The poem "The scarlet color of dawn was woven on the lake ..." is a sample of S. Yesenin. It was written in 1910. Researchers believe that the creation of the work of the young poet was prompted by a bright feeling for Anna Alekseevna Sardanovskaya, who came to his village in the summer. The approximate date of the acquaintance of young people is 1907 and 1908. Anna Alekseevna died in 1921, but her image remained in Yesenin's memory and heart until the end of his life. The poet's work is diverse in mood: there are poems that are pessimistic and full of optimism, vital energy. The analyzed work belongs to the second group.
The theme of the poem is the joy of love overflowing the heart; meeting of lovers at dawn. The author shows that when the soul laughs with love, external events cannot upset it.
The poem is conventionally divided into two parts - a landscape and a story about a date with a girl. Both parts are united by a lyrical hero. First, he watches the evening descend to the ground and weaves "the scarlet light of dawn on the lake." The young man notices the crying of birds, but he cannot darken his soul. The pictures of nature capture the traditional images of the Russian landscape: pine forest, haystacks and haystacks, a lake. In the following verses, the hero reveals the secret of his mood: he looks forward to meeting his beloved.
There is no portrait of a girl in the verse, the author does not even mention the details. All his attention is concentrated on meeting, kissing and caressing. Yesenin hints that the beloved are crossing the line of youthful innocent love, while the girl deliberately takes a serious step: "you yourself will throw off the silk of the veil under the caresses." This development of events contradicts the traditional foundations of morality, according to which the girl must remain innocent until the wedding.
In the last verse, the poet returns to the description of nature, talking about the crying of wood grouses. He speaks of cheerful melancholy, by which he understands the feelings that overwhelm lovers even in a short separation.
The work of S.A. Yesenin's "The scarlet color of dawn was woven on the lake ..." is dazzling with artistic means that serve to convey the inner state of the heroes and convey the idea. The verse uses metaphors (“the scarlet color of the dawn was woven on the lake”, “the capercaillie crying”, “the soul is light”, “the ring of roads”, “intoxicated with joy”), epithets (“fresh shocks”, “scarlet dawn”), comparison ("I will wear it like a color"). In the last verse, the main point is emphasized by the oxymoron "merry melancholy." Contrast also plays an important role: the depiction of the weeping nature and the joy of the lyrical hero.
The poem consists of six couplets. Short stanzas help to convey the joyful impulses of the lyrical hero's heart, his emotion. The poetic meter is six-foot iambic with pyrrhic. The intonation of the poem is measured, calm, which contrasts with the content of the verse and the feelings of the lyric hero.
Verse S.A. Yesenin "The scarlet color of dawn was woven on the lake ..." is quite "mature" in content and idea, despite the fact that it was written by the poet at the age of 15.
Galina Benislavsoky
There is no gossip for the drunk with joy.
You yourself, under the caresses, will throw off the silk of the veil,
I'll take you drunk until morning into the bushes.
And let the wood grouses cry with the bells,
There is a cherished longing in the redness of the dawn.
S. Yesenin
A maiden weeps on the grave hill.
Neither wife, nor mistress, nor widow.
Dawns, sunrises, flashes of the night ...
Someone predicted the fate of the girl ...
She has no life, no breath,
To the passion of the unfulfilled deafness of sobbing.
The dawn does not blaze with a scarlet ribbon.
There is no Sergei, woe to the crescendo!
The life of a moth can be shorter!
These dark nights will also disappear.
They will bury her next to her in a year.
And the harrow will not touch their love ...
Life story
As a very young girl, she ended up in the house of her aunt, who adopted her after Gali's mother began to suffer from a mental illness. The baby's father, Russianized French student Arthur Career, either left the family, or never lived with her. The girl received the surname of her adoptive father - doctor Benislavsky. Together with her foster parents, Galya lived in the Latvian city of Rezekne. Having matured, she left for St. Petersburg, where she graduated from the Preobrazhenskaya female gymnasium with a gold medal. During the revolution, already being a convinced Bolshevik, Galina Benislavskaya studied at Kharkov University at the Faculty of Natural Sciences. But in 1919, the city was captured by the White Guards, and the brave girl, crossing the front, settled in Moscow.
“The long ordeals on the road ended very unpleasantly,” Vasily Berezhkov, a veteran of the USSR state security organs, and Snezhana Pekhtereva, a journalist, tell about this period of her life in their book “Women-Chekists”. - Having got to the red, Benislavskaya was arrested. She was simply mistaken for a White Guard spy! ..
However, fate favored Benislavskaya. Once in Moscow, Galina met Yana Kozlovskaya, whose father was a Bolshevik. Moreover, Mikhail Yuryevich Kozlovsky (1876-1937) after February 1917 was a member of the executive committee of the Petrograd Soviet, chairman of the Vyborg District Duma. In November 1918, he served as chairman of the Extraordinary Investigative Commission, and in 1919 for some time he headed the People's Commissariat of Justice of Lithuania and Belarus ...
Thanks to Kozlovsky's intervention, Galina Arturovna was released. Mikhail Yurievich took care of Benislavskaya after the arrest. He assisted her in obtaining a room in Moscow ... Kozlovsky helped Benislavskaya join the party. In addition, he arranged for the post of secretary in the Special Interdepartmental Commission at the Cheka. "
Later Benislavskaya went to work in the editorial office of the newspaper "Bednota". Galina read a lot, was well versed in literature, visited the famous cafe "Stable Pegasus", where in the twenties the best poets of Moscow read their poems. But her whole life turned upside down on September 19, 1920, when one of the evenings held at the Polytechnic Museum, she heard Sergei Yesenin.
In Memoirs, Benislavskaya wrote:
“Suddenly the same boy comes out: a short deer jacket unbuttoned, hands in his trouser pockets, absolutely golden hair, as if alive. Throwing back his head and waist slightly, he begins to read:
Spit, wind, with armfuls of leaves, -
I am the same as you, bully.
He is the whole element, mischievous, rebellious, unrestrained element, not only in poetry, but in every movement that reflects the movement of the verse ...
What happened after reading it is difficult to convey. All of a sudden everyone jumped up from their seats and rushed to the stage, to him ... When I came to my senses, I saw that I was also at the stage itself. How I got there, I don’t know and don’t remember. Obviously, this wind caught and spun me too. "
Yesenin turned twenty-five, Galina Benislavskaya - twenty-three. “Since then, endless joyful meetings have gone on in a long line,” she recalled. - I lived in the evenings - from one to the other. His poems captured me no less than he himself ... "
There is a version that Benislavskaya was assigned to the poet as an agent of the Cheka. This fact is denied by the already mentioned V. Berezhkov and S. Pekhtereva: “... the materials of the personal file ... refute this opinion. OMK (Special Interdepartmental Commission) did not set itself agent and informational tasks; the secret department of the Cheka was engaged in the life of writers and poets. Therefore, the assumption that Benislavskaya received Agranov's instructions to “follow Yesenin” is an idle fiction ”.
They converged and parted; Yesenin met with other women, Galina suffered ... Finally, Isadora Duncan appeared in the fate of the poet, and Sergei Alexandrovich settled with her in a mansion on Prechistenka.
Poetess Lika Styrskaya, author of the sensational book of erotic poems "Muddy Wine", which was published in Moscow in the twenties of the twentieth century in a circulation of three hundred copies, recalled those times already in emigration:
“He was loved by modest provincial women - naive souls. He was loved by Galya Benislavskaya, a girl with fiery eyes, a fiery look and a Lenin badge on her chest. She was devoted to him and faithful as a friend and a woman, demanding nothing for it, nothing. She had a pitiful room and many responsibilities: business and party loads. But in the name of her love, she was ready to abandon everything. And she mortally hated her brilliant rival Isadora Duncan.
Yesenin disappeared from her circle. He moved to a mansion on Prechistenka. He rarely appeared in the Pegasus Stable. And if he did, it was only on the arm with Isadora ... "
When the famous couple flew abroad, Benislavskaya ended up in a psychiatric clinic with a nervous system disorder.
Nevertheless, she believed that Yesenin would still be with her. And so it happened: after returning from abroad, the poet left the dancer's luxurious mansion and moved to Benislavskaya's room (however, as in all places of his residence, he stayed here on short visits). Her joy knew no bounds! Together they composed a farewell telegram to the annoying "Dunka" vacationing in the Crimea (as the poet called her):
“Do not send letters, telegrams to Yesenin. He is with me, he will never return to you. We must reckon with. Benislavskaya ".
“Sergei Alexandrovich and I laughed at this telegram,” Galina Arturovna later recalled. "Of course, such a defiant tone is not in my spirit, and if Duncan knew me even a little, then, of course, she would understand that this is scaring, and nothing more."
In response to Isadora's bewildered message to Duncan, another telegram flew:
“I love another. Married and happy. Yesenin ".
For the poet, this period of life was perhaps the most difficult. Constant drinking with friends, conflicts with imagists ... They seized him for any reason, dragged him to the nearest police station and cooked materials there on charges of anti-Semitism and hooliganism. And always Galina Benislavskaya, rescuing her beloved from trouble, was a guardian angel for him: she added his poems according to editions, knocked out royalties, looked for the poet at cheap beer houses, worried about his health, bothering about a ticket to a good sanatorium ...
“When Sergei Aleksandrovich,” Benislavskaya continues, “moved to me, he gave me the keys to all the manuscripts and, in general, to all things, because he himself lost these keys, handed out manuscripts and photographs, and what he didn’t give out was taken from him themselves. He noticed the loss, grumbled, cursed, but did not know how to protect, store and demand back ... "
In the winter of 1924-1925, Galina was happy to do the housework: she bought six Viennese chairs, a dining table, a wardrobe, and bought dishes. As the poet's sister Alexander Yesenin explained, living alone, she "worried little about home comfort, and her environment was extremely poor ... But the cleanliness was always perfect." The economy was so good that they had to take a housekeeper. There were also difficult days “when Sergei met with his“ friends ”. Katya and Galya tried in every possible way to protect Sergei from such "friends" and were not allowed into the house, but they were looking for Sergei in publishing houses, in editorial offices, and, as a rule, such meetings ended in drinks. "
There was no time to get bored at home, which, in fact, became a literary and poetic "transshipment base". In two little rooms of Benislavskaya, after a heated debate about the problems of modern versification, interspersed with fluffy ditties to an accordion, sometimes up to twenty people remained for the night.
Yesenin was cruel to Galina - however, as well as to his other women. He confessed:
“You are free and free to do whatever you want, it does not concern me in any way. I'm cheating on you too, but remember - don't touch my friends. Do not touch my name, do not offend me, anyone, just so that they are not my friends. "
In the last years of the poet's life, Galina devoted herself entirely to his publishing business. “Dear Galya! You are close to me as a friend, but I do not at all love you as a woman! " - Yesenin confessed to her. “Yesenin wrote this insulting and murderous letter for Benislavskaya because he needed an open break with her ... Sofia Tolstaya, the granddaughter of the“ great old man, ”entered his life,” Stanislav and Sergei Kunyaevs explain in their book about the poet. "Suddenly and lightly, as he always did in these cases, the poet decided to marry her."
Yesenin and Tolstaya met at a party at the same Benislavskaya, where Sofya Andreevna came with Boris Pilnyak, her then lover.
According to some testimonies, upon learning about Galina's romance with journalist Lev Povitsky, Sergei Alexandrovich finally left her. There are other versions though. Ilya Schneider, the administrator of the Duncan studio, recalled:
"This girl, intelligent and deep, loved Yesenin devotedly and selflessly ... Only Yesenin's marriage to Leo Tolstoy's granddaughter Sofya Andreevna Tolstoy forced Benislavskaya to leave him ..."
The poet's sisters, Katya and Shura, have lived with Galina in Bryusovsky Lane since the fall of 1924 (after Yesenin's departure to the Caucasus).
“Gali's neighbors were young, - recalled Alexandra Yesenina, - everyone interested, especially literature. We loved poetry here very much, and successful novelties were recited right on the go ... But the main place for us was occupied by Sergey's poems. At this time, he very often sent us new poems from the Caucasus ... Galya and Katya conducted his literary and publishing business in Moscow, and he often gave them written instructions on where, how and what to publish, how to compile a newly published collection .. ...
“We have received 3 letters from you at once from Batum. The poem "Letter to a Woman" - I lost my mind from it. And I still rave them - how good it is ... "
During the poet's stay with the granddaughter of the great old man in the Caucasus, the singer of the Moscow tavern sent letters to Galina almost every day. He confidentially shared his state of mind with her, as he reported about a great achievement that they drink only two bottles of wine a day with Lyova (Povitsky, who sheltered Yesenin in the Caucasus) and, in general, “I write devilishly well ... I will soon fill you up with material. .. ".
In the summer of 1925, apparently after the Caucasian voyage, Yesenin, together with Benislavskaya, went home to the wedding of distant relatives.
"A young woman with long braids came up to us," later recalled the poet's fellow countryman and childhood friend Ivan Kopytin. - Later I found out that it was Galya Benislavskaya ... towards us a peasant on horseback. Yesenin raised his hand and stopped him. He asked for a horse - Galya wanted to ride. And he has paper money in his hand. "I'll pay," he said. Sergey put Galya on a horse, and she rushed through the meadows like a real rider ... And when they came to the Oka, they, Yesenin and Galya, got into the boat and swam away from me ... They swam away forever ... "
How did Benislavskaya react to Yesenin's marriage to Sofya Tolstoy? She survived very hard, but, apparently, she could not reconcile herself. Her feeling for Yesenin was too strong, too deep, she knew Sergei Alexandrovich too well not to understand what different people the newlyweds were. From her diary:
“I chased after the name Tolstoy - everyone pity and despises him: he doesn’t love him, but married… even she herself says that if she were not Tolstaya, no one would notice her… Sergei says that he pities her. But why regrets? Only because of the surname. He didn’t feel sorry for me. Volpin, Rita and others, whom I do not know about, did not regret ... Sleeping with a woman physically disgusting to him, because of her surname and apartment, is not a pound of raisins. I could never go for it ... "
The news of the tragic death of the poet found Benislavskaya in the hospital. She was very upset about the death of a loved one, but did not come to the funeral. And less than a year later, at his grave, she ended her life herself.
“The poet's sister Shura believed,” write Stanislav and Sergei Kunyaevs in the book “Yesenin”, “that Benislavskaya's suicide was caused not only by Yesenin’s death, but also by a failed marriage with Trotsky’s son, as well as by the fact that when she divided Yesenin’s inheritance, , who for several years was both a literary secretary and a friend of Yesenin, whom at times he even introduced as his wife, had nothing to do with it. "
Unfortunately, these assumptions remain so.
When Galina Arturovna's friend came to her on the day of her suicide, she found an open closet, things dumped on the floor and a destruction in a room in which a search was evidently carried out ... The death of Galina Benislavskaya was one of many in a terrible series of mysterious deaths associated with Yesenin's personality ... There is a version that Galina was killed ...
Every evening, as the blue becomes cloudy,
As the dawn hangs on the bridge
You go, my poor wanderer,
Bow to love and the cross ...
On the afternoon of December 3, 1926, in Moscow, at the Vagankovskoye cemetery, near the grave of Sergei Yesenin, rare visitors could see the lonely figure of a modestly dressed young woman. Like a mournful statue, she bowed before the grave mound, covered with fresh flowers.
The woman took out a pack of cigarettes and lit a cigarette. I quickly scribbled something on a piece of paper, then scribbled a few words on a cigarette box ... And then a pistol shot rang out.
The cemetery watchman called the police and an ambulance. The seriously wounded woman had documents in the name of Galina Arturovna Benislavskaya. Found a note:
“I killed myself here, although I know that after that even more dogs will be hanged on Yesenin ... But he and I will not care. In this grave for me everything is most precious ... "
Moaning slightly, she was hastily taken to the Botkin hospital. She died on the way.
Galina was buried on December 7, 1926 next to the poet - in a hurry, so as not to cause unnecessary conversations. Earlier there was an inscription on her grave: "Faithful Galya". Now - another, more official one.