Warming at home is a very important and responsible process. If you correctly carry out thermal insulation works, then in winter in the rooms will be tangible warmer, and in the summer - cooler. This allows you to create a comfortable microclimate that favorably affects the human body.
Having come to the building materials market, it is only possible to surprise the huge variety of outlook produced: they lie rolled in rolls, puffed in the capacitance in the form of sand, powder and granules, peep cotton from packages and others. In this case, each type of thermal insulation material will be the most effective for insulation or other surface.
Operating characteristics of insulation
To judge what is the best thermal insulation material, it is possible only after considering all the main properties in the aggregate. All insulation have almost the same set of properties, only the degree of their manifestation is different:
- Thermal conductivity is one of the most important characteristics that defines the body's ability to skip heat. Since thermal energy spreads in space with 3 methods (convection, thermal radiation and thermal conductivity), the coefficient of thermal conductivity depends on the physical properties (porosity, humidity, etc.) and the degree of heating the insulation. The heat shield properties of some materials used in the insulation of houses are sharply reduced by them reaching certain temperatures than and limited to the scope of their application. The coefficient of thermal conductivity in different materials is different. The less its value, the thinner the layer of thermal insulation will be required.
- Water absorption - determines the ability of the material to absorb moisture and hold it in its own pores. Due to the fact that the water is well conducted heat, during wetting the insulation loses its useful qualities.
- Fire resistance - the property of the material to maintain its structure when exposed to high temperatures. Not all insulating substances possess this parameter. Among the modern materials, only Minvat, foam glass and aerogel have a good indicator of fire resistance.
- Air permeability - the ability of a substance to skip air and other gases. For example, during a strong wind, the exterior air pressure on the insulation increases, which leads to the penetration of cold masses through the protective layer. Therefore, insulation with high porosity need extra windproof.
- Strength - material ability to withstand strong static and dynamic loads without large changes in its thermal insulation properties. Extracted expanded polystyrene, foam-glass, aerogel and polyurethane foam can be attributed to particularly durable materials.
- Environmentally friendly - Since the insulation is used both in external and internal work, it is very important that during the entire service life it does not allocate substances harmful to the human body.
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Selection of insulation depending on the terms of use
Each thermal insulation material has its own scope, where it will be as efficient as possible. Most experts claim that it is possible to achieve high-quality thermal insulation when each design element is insulated in the house the most suitable material. Therefore, choosing the best insulation, it is necessary to take into account the conditions for its use.
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External and internal wall insulation
The outer insulation for the walls of the building differs from the internal set of requirements. Typically, the thermal insulation process is combined with a decorative trim of the facade. And this requires the increased strength of the material used. Therefore, the best material in this case will be basalt stove, extruded polystyrene foam, foam or plaster. All of them have the necessary operational characteristics for outdoor work.
Basalt insulation can be used both with an external insulation of walls and internal. It has low thermal conductivity, high density and increased strength. This material can be mounted in different ways: in one case it is glued to the wall with subsequent reinforcement and cladding with decorative plaster, in the other - laid for the ventilated facade (for example, under siding).
Extruded expanded polystyrene and foam are the best insulation for the exterior trim of the facade of the building. Its characteristics allow not only to produce high-quality thermal insulation of the house, but also to process the facade of decorative plaster. Wall insulation by foam today is the cheapest option.
Among the positive qualities of plastering, high strength can be noted that it is quite difficult to damage the mechanically. In its composition, the material from which the warm plaster is manufactured is an ordinary cement-sand solution with the addition of various fillers that reduce the thermal conductivity of the mixture. The thermal conductivity coefficient of such a solution will be directly dependent on the selected fillers.
For the inner insulation of the walls, only vapor-permeable substances can be used to be attributed to mineral (minvat) and natural (cork wallpaper) insulation. Mineral wool is an absolutely eco-friendly material with good vapor permeability, so it is best suited for internal use. Its only minus is a relatively high price.
The advantage of cork wallpaper is not only in environmental friendliness, but also in versatility, since they can be used simultaneously not only as a heater, but also as decorative material.
After the introduction of a new standard for thermal protection of buildings, insulation has become relevant even for those houses that were previously considered "prosperous." Owners of old buildings can be done, but it is necessary to be ready to pay for the growing energy bills. And the projects of new homes will not be approved if they do not meet the requirements of SNiP 23-02-2003. There are several technologies that allow providing regulatory indicators for buildings from any materials. The main thing is to choose the insulation for the walls of the house outside in each case.
Home must be kept warm
Why outdoor insulation, not internally
The most understandable argument for a non-specialist sounds very convincing, although this is a secondary factor - insulation from the inside "takes away" the useful volume of residential and service premises.
Builders are guided by the standard, according to which insulation should be external (SP 23-101-2004). Warming from the inside is not directly prohibited, but it can be carried out only in exceptional cases. For example, when work outside it is impossible to spend due to the design features or the facade "belongs" to the house, which refers to architectural monuments.
Video Description
The result of the right internal insulation of the house on the video:
The inner insulation of the walls is allowed subject to the creation of a durable and solid steamproof layer on the side of the room. But it is not easy, and if warm air with water vapor falls into the insulation or on the surface of the cold wall, the appearance of condensate is inevitable. And the fault of this "dew point", which will move either inside the layer of thermal insulation material, or on the border between it and the wall.
Even such protection from the inside will not provide 100% guarantee from the wet wall - the water pairs will find "road" in the joints of the film and attachment points
That is, deciding how to warm the house correctly, in the overwhelming majority of cases, the answer will be based on clear regulatory recommendations - outside.
Popular thermal insulation materials
From a large list of heat-insulating materials, you can select several most popular and those that are used if the budget or other reasons allows. Traditionally, the popularity of materials is determined by the combination of good thermal insulation characteristics and relatively low cost.
- Polystyrene foam
More famous as "foam". To be accurate, except the plates, this material is used in a granular form as a bulk thermal insulation.
Its thermal conductivity depends on the density, but on average it is one of the lowest in its class. Thermal insulation properties are provided with a cellular structure filled with air. Popularity is explained by the availability, simplicity of installation, good compression strength indicators, low water absorption. That is, cheap, rather durable (in the structure of the structure) and is not afraid of water.
Polyfoam is considered weakly thoroughly, and with the Marking of the PSB-C - self-tapping (does not support combustion). But during the fire, he highlights poisonous gases, and this is one of the main reasons why it cannot be used when insulation from the inside. The second drawback is low vapor per capita, which imposes restrictions on the use of materials from the "breathable" insulation.
Warming Wall Houses Outside Foam Plastic
- Extruded expanded polystyrene foam
It differs from the foam of fundamentally different manufacturing technology, although the raw materials are all the same polystyrene granules. According to some indicators, he surpasses his "relative". He has the same percentage of water absorption (not more than 2%), on average, 20-30% lower thermal conductivity (Table D.1 SP 23-101-2004), several times lower than the vapor perceability and higher compression strength. Thanks to such a set of qualities, it is the best material when insulation of the foundation and base, that is, the walls of the basement and the "zero" floor. The disadvantages of the Epps are the same as the polyfoam, and it costs it more expensive.
EPPS usually make "color"
- Stone, she is basalt, wool
This is a subspecies of mineral wool, the raw materials of which serve rock rocks (most often basalt). A completely different type of thermal insulation material, the low thermal conductivity of which is ensured by the fibrous structure and low density. I am inferior to the foam and Epps on thermal conductivity (on average above 1.5 times), but unlike them - it does not burn and does not leak (the gramifications class NG). Refers to the "breathable" materials - according to a new standard it sounds like low resistance to air permeal.
Mattes of mineral wool for insulation of walls must be "tough"
But there are other materials for insulation of the house outside, which, although applied less often, but have their advantages.
Thermal insulation materials - new products on the market
Additionally, you can always consider new options - they are slightly more expensive, but often somewhat more efficiently traditional.
- Foamed polyurethane
Common polymeric material "domestic destination". It is also well known as a foam rubber for furniture (in the form of "soft" mats) or as a mounting foam for sealing slots. When insulation, it is also used in the form of plates or sprayed isolation.
At the plate polyurethane foam low restraining abilities for a gap, therefore it is not used in the "wet facade" systems.
But this is a common thermal insulation material for the manufacture of sandwich panels. The same technology underlies the production of thermopades for facade cladding. Such a panel is a thermal insulation plate with a decorative layer already applied at the factory (clinker tiles or stone crumb). Two types of insulation: polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam. In the first case, the two-layer thermopanel, in the second - three-layer (as a carrier base is OSB or moisture-resistant plywood). Two mounting options: on a dowel / anchor (open method) or on its hidden fastener system.
Three-layer thermopanel
PPU sprayed is in demand if it is necessary to create a seamless layer of thermal insulation on complex surfaces. Until recently, there was the only technology of applying such a layer - using professional installations operating with a two-component composition (mixing occurs during sputtering).
PPU spraying on the base of the house
Now in Russia for household use, a single-component PPU has been established, which is produced in an aerosol cylinder with a capacity of 1 liters. As manufacturers assure (there are two competing companies), the insulation of 1 m2 do its own hands much cheaper than when concluding a contract with profile enterprises using professional equipment. And this option than to insulate the house outside is quite attractive, if not enough literally 2-3 cm of the heat insulating layer.
Warming with the help of sprayed PPU "Teplis"
- Ekwata.
Relatively new thermal insulation material. The technology of insulation of the enclosing surfaces is the material from cellulosic fiber, which is applied to the walls using a special installation. There are two versions of insulation: filling the plane between the wall and cladding, spraying in the composition with a sticky-binder on the wall with the installed cladder (and then the installation of the facade panels).
From traditional materials, it is possible to mention the glass wool (subspecies of mineral wool), but due to fragility and education when installing the smallest "dust" with sharp edges, it displaced the stone wool, safe and when installed, and during operation.
The better to insulate the house outside - the regulations by the number of layers
If you follow the regulatory documents, there are two options as insulate the house outside by the number of structural and thermal insulation layers: two-layer and three-layer. Moreover, in the second case, the external finishing of panels or plaster is not considered for an independent layer, although their thermal insulation properties take into account. In three-layer walls, structural material serves as an external (third) layer.
Facing brick with insulation
In addition to such a classification, there is still division by the presence of a ventilated and non-ventilated layer.
- brickwork, reinforced concrete (with flexible connections), ceramzite concrete - all types of solutions;
- wooden houses - enclosing structures with two-layer, three-layer walls and with a ventilated air layer;
- frame houses with thin-sheet sheat - three-layer walls with thermal insulation in the middle, as well as with a ventilated and non-ventilated air layer;
- blocks made of cellular concrete - two-layer walls with brick facing, as well as with a ventilated or non-ventilated layer.
In practice, for insulation of low-rise buildings, such a variety of solutions is reduced to the selection between the "wet" or mounted facade. Although the thermal insulation materials are considered precisely recommended by the standard - mineral wool or polystyrene foam (as an alternative - EPPS).
But in each case there are your preferences.
Video Description
Visually about choosing what to insulate the house outside on the video:
The better to insulate the house outside depending on the material of the walls
For insulation of a brick house there are no restrictions when choosing technology. Different options can be considered only depending on the selected method of finishing facade:
- Facing brick. This is a classic three-layer wall design on flexible connections. Even using polystyrene foam, provides for the presence of a ventilated air layer for weathering water vapor and prevent the wet of the wall materials.
- Wet facade. Mineral wool and expanded polystyrene can be used. The first option is preferable - in ceramic bricks, vapor permeability is higher than that of the foam. And according to paragraph 8.5 of the SP 23-101-2004, the location of the layers should contribute to weathering water vapor to prevent moisture accumulation.
Scheme "Wet facade"
- Ventilated facade. With facing with wall panels or large-format porcelain stoneware. The insulation is traditional for all hinged facades - mineral wool.
Scheme of ventilated facade
Wooden houses (log or timber) are insulated exclusively mineral wool on the technique of a mounted facade.
For them, you can find examples of using polystyrene foam and plaster according to the "Wet Facade" method. In this case, they make a ventilated gap between the wall and foam plates using a remote crate. Although the main advantage of the "wet facade" disappears is the simplicity of design and installation.
How to calculate the thickness of the insulation
If "Polystay" by Notevka SP23-101-2004 or similar in content, but a later set of rules of the SP 50.13330.2012, then you can see that the insulation is not so easy to calculate the thickness.
Each building "individually". When developing a project and its approval, specialists make such a thermal calculation. And the whole complex of parameters is taken into account - the features of the region (temperature, the duration of the heated season, the average number of sunny days), the type and area of \u200b\u200bthe glazing of the house, the heat capacity of the floor covering, the thermal insulation of the roof and the basement. Even the amount of metal connections between the wall and the facing is important.
But if the owner of the previously built house decides to warm it (and the new norms introduced in 2003, much tougher older), then he will have to choose between the three parameters of the "standard thickness" of the insulation - 50, 100 and 150 mm. And there is no accuracy of calculations. There is such a scheme where the equivalent dimensions of the thickness of different materials (in averaged form) are shown, the wall of which will meet the new requirements of thermal protection.
Only a house of aerated concrete blocks with a thickness of 45 cm does not need insulation
And then just. Take the thickness of the wall of a certain material, they look at how much lacks to the normative. And then calculated in proportion. Which thickness of the insulation of the wall of the wall at home is needed to add. Given that the wet facade has a layer of plaster, and at the ventilated - air layer, plus the inner finish of the facade walls, can be confident in sufficient thermal protection.
And the question of the insulation of the roof, floors and the choice of good windows is solved separately.
Even easier - take advantage of one of the numerous online calculators. The figure and here, of course, is approximate, but rounded up to the nearest standard thickness of the insulation, it will give the required result.
How to mount the insulation on the facade
Before installing the facade, it is necessary to prepare: Clear from the old finish, remove dirt and dust, dismantle the hinged elements of engineering systems, relieve both visors (still have to be changed on wider), remove signs, signs and facade lamps. Then the surface of the wall must be strengthened - to close the cracks and chips, clean the sprinkled areas, apply deep penetration.
Application of primer
For reliable fastening of polystyrene foam or rigid mineral wool matte in the wet facade system, the wall surface must be smooth as irregularity can be glued with adhesive solution. When the heights drop up to 5 mm are applied over the entire plate of the insulation, with irregularities from 5 to 20 mm - around the perimeter and in the form of a "pisel" by 40% of the surface of the plate.
The first row of plates is mounted with a stop on the starting bar, which also sets the horizontal level. The second and subsequent ranks are exposed to a vertical seam shift (at least 200 mm), aligning the surface of the insulation in the area of \u200b\u200bthe joints so that the height difference is not more than 3 mm. When the walls are insulated around the openings, they do not intersect the stoves in their corners. Each slab is additionally attached to umbrella dowels at the rate of 5 pcs. per 1 m2.
The surface of the slabs before applying plaster reinforced glass cholester, fixed in the middle of the layer of the adhesive solution with a total thickness of 5-6 mm.
The density of polystyrene is chosen equal to 25-35 kg / m3.
Video Description
Visually about the warming of minvata on video:
Mattes of mineral wool Russian trademarks for the "Wet Facade" system must comply with Index 175, imported - to label "Facade" and a density above 125 kg / m3.
Attention. In the "wet facade" system, the insulation is mounted only in one (!) Layer. The vertical surface of two layers of "soft" plates with a load in the form of plaster behaves unpredictably, especially when changes in temperature and humidity modes. It is not worth sharing the arguments that the second layer of the slab overlaps the seams of the first and eliminates the "cold bridges".
In the ventilated facade, rigid mineral wool mats with a density of 80 kg / m3 are used. If the surface of the mats is not cleaned, then after their attachment to the crate, the surface is closed with either glassball, or a vapor-permeable membrane.
The shape layout step is chosen by 2-3 cm less than the width of mats. In addition to the attachment to the crate, the insulation additionally fixes the walls of the umbrellas with dowels.
The size of the air layer between the insulation and the facing should be within 60-150 mm.
Important. Size 40 mm is normalized for non-ventilated aircraft.
To ventilate the layer in the facing, the inlets in the area of \u200b\u200bthe base and the outlet - under the roof cornice. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe holes should be at least 75 cm2 by 20 m2 walls.
Ventilation grilles in the wall
As a result - is it worth it
Warming at home is favorable investment even in the short term. Invested funds will quickly pay off due to decline in heating and air conditioning.
Our site also presents companies specializing in facade and finishing materialswhich are presented at the exhibition of the houses low-rise country.
The most important condition for a comfortable stay in his own house at any time of the year and with the minimum possible costs of energy used for the needs of heating and air conditioning, which are reliable Moreover Almost all sections of the building should be warm. It is not an exception and roof, which, by the way, not always remember inexperienced beginners developers.
If you look at the percentage of the heat loss of any building that does not have due thermal insulation, it is clear that the "lion's share" of them accounts for the attic overlap and the roof. The specificity of this section of the general construction of the house imposes special requirements for materials used for its insulation. Let's try to figure it out in this matter to help the reader eliminate possible errors and make the right choice. So, the insulation for the roof is better?
The need for insulation roofing
First of all, it is necessary to dispel doubts about the need for insulation of the roof. From that and begin.
The limited area of \u200b\u200bthe area under the construction of the house, and just considerations of the most efficient construction with the lowest possible costs, often their hosts are useful to use the attic room. At our time are very popular in our time, the attic "floors" when the attic turns into a full-fledged residential premises, according to the degree of convenience and comfort, not different from the rest of the rooms. You can place in the attic and utility room, for example, a warm storage room, an office study or workshop.
It is clear that with this approach to the useful use of the attic room, no doubt occurs in the roof insulation. Whatever the type of roofing is elected - none of them will give the required protection against winter cold. And in a hot summer period, the roofing rods are heated to the sun, that staying on a laptile attic becomes not the fact that uncomfortable, but even at all intolerable from heat. This, too, by the way, never should be discounted - insulation, but to say correctly - thermal insulation of the roof helps to provide an optimal microclimate in the attic room at any time of the year.
And what about those who in the near future plans do not mean the re-equipment of the attic to a useful room? Maybe limit to only high-quality thermal insulation of the attic overlap?
How is the attic overlap?
The ceiling of the room bordering on top with a unheated and disgraced attic becomes not a "bridge", but a whole "highway" for heat losses. It is eliminated by the performance of a whole complex of thermal insulation work. - Read in a special publication of our portal.
Of course, it can be limited to that. But it will be better to listen to the arguments in favor of the insulation of the roofing rods, let it be due, of course, with additional expenses:
- All parts of the rafter system and the internal arrangement of the attic room will be protected from destructive action of temperature drops and humidity. Therefore, it will increase the durability of the entire design of the roof as a whole.
- Energy efficiency increases sharply, if we consider it across the entire structure. That is, the insulation of the roof, even with high-quality thermal insulation of the attic overlap, will still contribute to the "lept" in achieving the most comfortable conditions at minimal costs from the external energy source.
- Most modern insulating materials have the ability to effectively absorb sound oscillations. The instended roof rates will not become "resonators" with a strong rain or debris. This is especially true for roofing materials, traditionally considered "noisy" - metal or slate.
- Finally, that today seems unnecessary or temporarily unfulfilled, can turn into an urgent need for the future. It is understood that the emerging circumstances can lead the hosts of the house to the thoughts on the need to expand the useful area due to the attic room. It is better to have a warm attic at once, the subsequently to do this "from scratch", which often can be associated with the alteration or replacement of individual elements of the rafter system, which have already experienced a long negative impact of external factors. Sometimes such works cannot be carried out without temporary removal of roofing. In short, it will be much more expensive. So it makes sense to think in advance in advance.
Criteria that must match the roof insulation
To make the right choice, you need to know the criteria for which this material should be assessed. These criteria are a lot, and should immediately notice that any insulation does not correspond to all of them. So it is often often faced with a choice, which of the advantages to give preference.
So, the "ideal" material for the thermal insulation of the roof is the one that meets all the following requirements:
- Of course, the top position should be made by thermal insulation qualities. Material must have low thermal conductivity, that is, to create in specific conditions of use as possible heat transfer resistance. This indicator can be estimated by looking at the coefficient of thermal conductivity, which is necessarily indicated in the list of thermally insulation characteristics. For insulation of the roof, where they are not particularly "running" with a thickness of insulation and a mass of thermal insulation design, they try to apply materials with a thermal conductivity coefficient of not more than 0.05 W / m × s °. And than this figure is less - the better.
- On the second place, it is possible to put the density of the material. No one needs extra overload of the rafter system. So the smaller the insulating layer, the better, will be messenger than to create comfortable conditions.
- The trouble of many insulating materials is unnecessarily large hygroscopicity, that is, the property is beaten with moisture literally from the air. And the convergence always leads at least a loss of thermal insulation qualities. So, ideally, the insulation must have a minimum moisture absorption, and even better - pronounced hydrophobicity. This is especially important in the conditions of the roof, where without the impact of moisture does not do.
- Insulation must maintain its qualities in a wide range of temperatures. That is, thermal insulation should "work well" equally and with extreme frosts, and in the peak of summer heat.
- The most important quality of the material, especially used for the insulation of the roof, is indicators of fire safety. It concerns the resistance to fire, the ability to become a spreader of the flame, smoke formation, Toxicity of combustion products. The perfect material is seen completely non-flammableBut, alas, in this matter, very many insulation are not all safely.
- The stability of the material, that is, its durability in real operating conditions. The ideal insulation should not change forms and volume, to be resistant to chemical or biological decay, spontaneous or due to the external negative influence of a type or other type.
- The insulation should not serve as a nutrient medium for microorganisms, not to be an attractive place for insect nests, birds, mice. And this, by the way, is also very difficult to resolve the problem.
- Thermal insulation material during operation should not be dangerous in terms of highlighting harmful evaporation, other environmental pollution.
- For those who are going to carry out thermal insulating work on their own, understandability and simplicity of work with a material that does not require excessive effort, special experience, special equipment.
- Finally, the criterion for any building material, including for insulation, has also remained pricing.
As you can see, the criteria for assessing the quality of thermal insulation materials are a lot. And now we will begin to "try on" them to insulation, which are suitable for thermal insulation of the pitched roof.
What insulation can be considered for the roof the best?
In this publication, it is basically the most common in private construction scope roof. The plane roofs have their own specifics of thermal insulation, and materials used for this purpose can be different. Thus, bulk insulation, special building solutions with special filling, mineral wool hypers and other materials are widely used. This question requires a separate detailed consideration, therefore will be omitted in this article.
And for pitched roofs, where on The insulation itself will not be significant mechanical exposure, they are still trying to apply materials with a small specific mass. They can be divided into three groups:
- Heaters with fiber structure.
- Tight insulation with a gas-filled porous structure.
- Spray insulation.
These groups are also inhomogeneous - materials can differ significantly in the basic composition, and on operational characteristics.
Insulation materials with fiber structure
In general, this group of materials is one thing - they all represent the weave of thin fibers, due to which a layer of immobilized air prisoner is created. And this, in turn, becomes a thermal insulation layer. But the initial materials for the production of fibers may have serious differences, up to their "nature" - mineral or organic. The first includes all varieties of mineral wool, to the second subcategory - Equata on a cellulosic basis.
Mineral wool
For thermal insulation of building structures in residential buildings, two types of mineral wool are used. In the first of them, the fibers are formed from the melt of quartz glass, in the second - the raw materials for production are the rocks of the basalt group. Hence the names - glass gamble and stone (basalt) wool.
There is another type of minvati - it is made of waste of metallurgical enterprises, slags. But in residential construction, she did not receive distribution, as he loses in insulating qualities, and in durability. Yes and in terms of environmental safety It is also not all right. In a word, to detain its attention on it - there is no particular sense.
Prices for mineral wool
mineral wool
But to the glass gamble and to the basalt car should be closed more closely.
Mineral wool based on glass fibers
For the production of glass gamblers, glass battle and peeled quartz sand is used as raw materials. After the melt mass in the furnaces, thin fibers are pulled out of it from it, which are then compressed into "carpets" using binding additives. At the final stage of production, cutting into blocks or mats established by the standard size.
The production process has long been worked out, the lack of raw materials is also not felt, and therefore the cost of glass gamble - from the discharge is quite affordable, which predetermines its wide popularity. Inlet shape - blocks (slabs), mats in rolls and recently also practiced plates in rolls in rolls.
TO dignity m glassic can be attributed to the following:
- The specific mass of the insulation is small, and therefore its laying does not require large physical effort, and the thermal insulation system does not have a significant load on the roof design.
- Blocks or mats glass gambles have good elasticity. That is, they can be laid in space, slightly smaller in size - after straightening it is quite tightly adjacent to each other, and to enclosing items (in this case, most often - to the rafter feet).
- The same quality allows you to significantly reduce the volume of the material when it is packaged on the production line. Such a property allows you to reduce the overhead of transportation of the insulation. And after removing the package, blocks or mats, expanding, take the specified dimensions.
- Flexible material, that is, it can be used without additional cutting into smaller fragments for thermal insulation of complex, for example, curvilinear or broken areas.
However, there are glass gamble and certain limitations , which cannot be forgotten about:
- Such a heater has pretty high hygroscopicity. It became, when using it, special attention is paid to the creation of a reliable vapor barrier barrier by the attic, and the possibility of free evaporation of moisture - from the roof side. Otherwise, the insulation quickly mests and lose all its thermal insulation qualities.
- Glass fibers are distinguished by rather high lone. This means that vibrating impacts are completely contraindicated on glass. Small broken particles of fibers become a serious irritant for the skin, eye and mucous membranes of respiratory organs, that is, thermal insulation works should be carried out in compliance with special protection measures. It is necessary to consider measures to completely eliminate the possibility of falling out of these particles into the atmosphere of the residential area of \u200b\u200bthe house, since they become the cause of allergic reactions.
- Emissions of formaldehydes, which are part of binders, is also one of the disadvantages of the material. But this is more typical of the cheap insulation of unknown brands (or even any trademark that does not even have any trademark - it also happens!) The leading manufacturers are trying to negate the emission indicators, and many modern types of glass gambles have tolerance not only in residential and public spaces. , but even in educational and medical institutions.
About the "Brandness" glass whales can add a few more words. The fact is that the construction market is filled with inexpensive materials of very dubious origin. In the production of similar glass gambles, or outdated technologies are used, or the process of technological control is generally completely absent. Such mats are distinguished by high fiber fragility and a strong shrinkage, and glass gamble literally in a few years can turn into a duch. Naturally, no matter what quality of thermal insulation of the roof here and speech can not be. So the pursuit of cheapness often turns into considerable additional expenses.
If it is decided to use glass gamble for insulation, it is worth paying attention to high-quality products, such as "URSA" or "ISOVER".
For example, let's look at the insulation from the line « URSA.Geo ». For insulation, the roof is suitable from this row "A private house", "M -11" and "Scope Roof"whose name speaks for itself.
The basis of all these materials is fiberglass with the addition of special mineral components that reduce the disadvantages characteristic of glass gambles. Products of this series are considered completely safe for both human and environmental.
The products of URSA characterize a number of special advantages:
- material refers to the group absolutely nonsense insulation. Not only is the insulation, he does not ignore himself - he is able to become a barrier on the way of spreading the flame.
- The technologists of the company managed to reduce the emission of binding organic compounds to such a low indicator that it can not be taken into account at all - it does not affect the purity of the air in the premises.
- Thanks to special mineral additives that are a technological secret of the company, glass fibers have obtained additional elasticity, that is, it was possible to reduce their characteristic fragility.
- In many types of thermal insulation, URSA Geo, in particular, in the "scope roof", uses an interesting technology "URSA Spannfilz". Literally this expression can be translated as "elastic felt". The special structure of the fiber plate gives it an increased elasticity, and the insulation blocks are very well up to the versius between the rafters, which makes it possible to do even without additional attachment. And tight fit excludes the formation of voids, unfilled insulation.
- Insulation are manufactured in a very convenient for laying form. For example, the material "scope roof" is a slab in a roll, which significantly simplifies the cutting into the desired size, if there is such a need.
- The manufacturer guarantees a long period of properly laid thermal insulation without losing their insulation, without shrinkage and destructuring - Not less than 50 years old.
The main characteristics of the fiberglass insulation of the "URSA Geo" line, perfectly serving for thermal insulation of the pitched roof, are shown in the table.
| A private house | M-11. | Scope roof | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / m × ° C | 0,045 | 0,044 | 0,040 |
| Parry permeability, mg / m × h × pa | 0,65 | 0,64 | 0,64 |
| Fire safety class | Km 0. | Km 0. | Km 0. |
| A combustion group | NG | NG | NG |
| Operating temperature range, ° C | 60 ÷ + 220 | 60 ÷ + 220 | 60 ÷ + 220 |
| Water absorption in 24 hours, kg / m², no more | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Form release | mats in roll | mats in roll | plates in roll |
| Dimensional parameters, mm | |||
| - Length | 8350 | 7000; 9000; 10000 | 3900; 3000 |
| - Width | 1200 | 1200 | 1200 |
| - Thickness | 50 | 50; 10 | 150;200 |
| approximate cost | 1100 rub / m³ | roll 1200 × 10000 × 50 mm - 1220 rub. | 980 rub. with a thickness of 150 mm; 1070 rub. With a thickness of 200 mm. |
Mineral wool on basalt basis
Fibers obtained from melt rocks gabbro-basaltova Groups, have a number of advantages over glass. They become thinner and long, they are more expressed elasticity, much less fragility. All this gives mineral wool on such a basis higher performance. All the advantages inherent in glass gamble are peculiar and basalt, and there is also a number of advantages.
Prices for basalt wool
basalt Wat.
It is even visually noticeable that high-quality basalt wool has a pronounced uniform structure, it is attached to clear geometric forms. With such a insulation, it is much easier to work - neglect the means of protecting the skin and respiratory organs, of course, it is still not worth it, but such strong irritation, like glass gamble, it does not cause.
It is better at basalt wool and with hygroscopicity - special treatment sharply reduces moisture absorption, and some manufacturers have properties close to hydrophobicity at all. But it still does not give reason to abandon vaporizolation. Parry permeability - on top, that is, when creating the necessary conditions, even penetrating accidentally in the moisture material will easily evaporate through the ventilation gaps of the roofing cake.
Products of famous brands are not bad, and with indicators of formaldehyde emissions - insulation have sanitary certificates with adequate use in any residential premises. By the way, the presence of a copy of such a certificate will never be worth checking when purchasing any insulation material.
Basalt wool plates are extremely convenient in laying - and due to accurate "geometry", and due to pronounced elasticity. And besides, manufacturers also provide other "chips". So, for example, the "Rockwool Light Batts Skandik" plates from the builders have "spring-loaded" in special technology edge, which ensures their accurate and reliable fixation on the installation site - between rafters, beams,
Excellent solution for insulation roof - Plates "Rockwool Light Batts Scandik" with a spring edge zone, which makes the installation simple and very reliable Significant flaws from basalt wool (if it comes to really high-quality products of famous brands) - a little. Perhaps this can be attributed only to the higher value of the material.
The range of basalt insulation is quite wide. Along with the "heavyweights" in this area of \u200b\u200bproduction, companies "Rockwool", "Paroc", "Technonikol", quite worthy products offer firms "Basvul", "Izobel", "Isoov" and others. Before the acquisition, it makes sense to familiarize himself with the brand - with trustworthy companies necessarily have informative internet portalsAnd in Russia, a network of representative offices is organized.
As an example, to familiarize yourself with physico-operational characteristics, you can take the above mentioned above the "Rockwool Light Batts" insulation. By the way, another advantage is that when packing in production, it shrinks more than twice the vacuum technology. But when removing the packaging, the plates take the specified dimensions without any loss of its operational qualities.
| Name of the main operational parameters of the material | Indicators |
|---|---|
| Coefficient of thermal conductivity (W / m × ° C): | 0,039 |
| Specific weight (kg / m³) | 30 |
| A combustion group | NG |
| Fire safety class | Km 0. |
| Vapor permeability (mg / (m × h × pa), not less | 0.03 |
| Moisture absorption with partial immersion | no more than 1 kg / m² |
| Dimensions | 800 × 600 mm (XL plates - 1200 × 600 mm) |
| thickness | 50 or 100 mm (XL plates - 100 and 150 mm) |
| approximate cost | - with a thickness of 50 mm - 145 rubles / m² - 100 mm - 285 rubles / m² - 150 mm - 430 rubles / m² |
The service life of such thermal insulation is estimated at least than 50 years.
Fiber Heater on Organic Based - Equata
This insulation appeared in broad use not so long ago, and even unknown. Meanwhile, it shows very good thermal insulation qualities.
The basis for making EcoWhat is ordinary cellulose fibers obtained from waste woodworking, paper and other duck raw materials. The total content of cellulose in the composition of this insulation comes to 80 ÷ 85 percent. The rest are additives that provide the biological durability of the material (boric acid) and special anti-spires that increase the stability of cellulose to fire.
The heat engineering indicators are equated - very decent: the thermal conductivity coefficient is located about in the range from 0.038 to 0.043 W / m × ° FROM, that is, quite compare with mineral wools.
The material is famous for its environmental cleanliness (hence its name), and the antiseptic treatment reliably protects it from the debate and rotting, from the damage to the pathogenic microflora. Equoca do not make rodent nests and insects.
According to the degree of flammability, the material refers to the group G 2 is a weakly important, self-fighting. Combustion products do not contain toxic substances, which is peculiar, for example, synthetic insulation.
Ekwata is rather hygroscopic, so questions of reliable hydro and vaporizolation will be thought out definitely. But due to the capillary structure of natural fibers, the moisture is also easy and evaporates from the material without disturbing its qualities. Interestingly, in this way, the insulation of the eco-insulation is capable of "automatically" to maintain an optimal humidity balance in the room.
Prices for Equouthatu
Ecostat is laid according to the "dry" and "wet" technology. But the application of the "wet" way, that is, by spraying, is not particularly justified on the roofing rods, having a negative slope from the attic - too much waste. Therefore, most often this insulation is fascinated in cavities, which are created using vapor insulation membranes or inner lining of the attic room.
Warming of the roofing of the roof of an eco-way - the material with the help of a special installation is blown in the created cavities The density of the insulation layer, depending on the method of applying, is from 40 to 75 kg / m³.
TO disadvantages Such a warmer can be attributed to the following:
- Even the "dry method" of installation of EcoWati (with the exception of overlapping insulation) requires a special installation. In addition, for high-quality execution of such works, well-developed skills are needed.
- The process of laying is an eco-house - in any case it turns out very dusty. Without personal protection, it is impossible to start it.
Eco-out costs lies between 20 to 35 rubles per kilogram. Usually she comes on sale in hermetic Polyethylene bags, packaged at 15 or 20 kilograms.
It seems to be not so much. But if you familiarize yourself with the pricears of the manufacturers or implementers of such a heater, it can be seen that even about the same amount to give and for the execution of laying. And without special equipment - it is extremely difficult to do it. This is perhaps the most important "minus" of such thermal insulation.
Sprayed insulation
One of the most effective ways of insulation of the roof is a spraying of foam insulation from the back side of the roofing rods. With this approach, the thermal insulating layer becomes almost seamless, that is, without leaving the bridges of the cold.
There are several types of similar materials. But the "to ideal" is closer to all the criteria for thermal insulation, polyurethane foam is approaching.
Perhaps the most reliable and effective way to heat insulation of the pitched roof - spraying polyurethane foam The thermal conductivity coefficient of PPU is very low, is estimated less than 0.03 W / m × ° C. Material shows excellent adhesion with almost all surfaces. The closed cell makes a layer of insulation with a steamproof, that is, in some cases, it is possible to do without additional costs for vapor barrier.
However, all the merits of the material are combined with a rather high price for it. Moreover, polyurethane foam is synthesized directly at the place of work from two source components, for which special installations apply. That is, "lovers of independent creativity", one way or another, will have to resort to the call of the brigade. And this is also worth a lot of money.
There is, however, a reservation - disposable mini-installations for spraying PPU have recently appeared in construction stores. However, the price of them is not lower than the cost of services of professionals.
If you look at the prices of construction companies in the Central Region of Russia, then the cost of spraying polyurethane foam 100 mm thick on an area of \u200b\u200b1 m² ranges from 1100 to 1400 rubles, depending on the manufacturer of the original components. Agree, very expensive.
We can talk about polyurethane foam for a long time, but limited to the above brief information. The fact is that on our portal such a type of insulation is given a special publication. In it, by the way, it is also described about another type of frozen insulation - foamizole, which can also be used for roof thermal insulation.
Prices for polyurethane foam
polyurene Foolder
Special technology thermal insulation - foaming insulation
All other insulation materials are distinguished by all other insulating materials, primarily a special application technology. On the advantages and disadvantages and the features of working with them - read in the special article of our portal.
Rigid insulating plates on a synthetic basis
Polystyrene-based materials
This group of insulation can be attributed to all familiar white foam and extruded polystyrene foam. Despite the relatives of the chemical composition, the difference in the operational qualities of these materials is very large.
- Let's start with foamflast. And here I immediately express a categorical judgment with which, perhaps, some will not agree. Nevertheless, it is extremely undesirable to use foam for thermal insulation of the roof.
There are no words - the foam blows up with a low price, quite decent heat insulating characteristics, easy, ease of installation. What else to wish?
But let's look more closely on his shortcomings:
- Production of polyfoam is a rather simple process that does not require ultrasound equipment. And they are engaged in this case everywhere, very often without fulfilling any technical requirements. So talk about some quality standards - just ridiculous.
- The most important lack of foam - its flammability. And this material not only spreads the flame very well, but also distinguishes deadly toxic substances during combustion. Literally a few breaths - and the person gets the most powerful poisoning, leading to the saddest consequences. The statistics of the tragedy on a fire shows that when the expansion of expanded polystyrene is chances to survive in humans, even with a very big fire - a little. Is it worth laying such a "bomb" on such a vulnerable area of \u200b\u200ba building of a building like a roof?
Prices on PIR Plates
The main component of such plates is Polyureozoanurate (abbreviated - PIR). It is a gas-filled rigid structure with insulated cells.
Thanks to the special production technology and the specifics of the polymer itself, insulating plates are considered yet unsurpassed By its thermal insulation qualities. So, the manufacturer declares a completely fantastic thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.022 W / m × ° FROM! In fact, in real conditions, it may, of course, and more, but even 0.025 is a very good indicator.
Material is characterized by high mechanical strength - up to 120 kPa at 10% deformation. At the same time, the density of the slabs does not go beyond 40 kg / m³
Wide temperature range of operation: from - 70 to + 110 ° C.
Practically complete hydrophobicity - a closed cell does not make moisture penetrate inside.
PIR-plates can be coated with foil, which gives them additional privacy from moisture. Other types of coatings are also practiced.
Many plates models have comfortable groove-grained lock connections that allow large seamless coating area.
One of the "pioneers" in the production of such thermal insulation was the Russian company Tekhnonikol. In its assortment row - plates for the insulation of any sections of the building, including - and for the roof. At the same time, the company offers and ready-made solutions - sets of materials for thermal insulation of the roof between rafters, under them and on top of them - by choosing the consumer.
Standard sizes are 600 × 1200 mm. Thickness is chosen according to the need - in the range of a row of a plate with a thickness of 25 to 150 mm.
There is no doubt - in such thermal insulation materials a great future. But so far they have not received widespread - just because of the high cost. So, depending on the specific type, from the type of external coating and from the thickness of the plates, the price of them varies from 11 to 15 thousand rubles per cubic meter.
Tekhnonikol is not the only firm who has mastered the release of these innovative materials. Look a video about the insulation of the pitched roofing PIR-plates of the company " Pirrogroup.
Video: Insulation of the roofing of the roofing of innovative thermal insulation - PirROGroup PIR-plates
Appendix: How to determine which thickness of insulation will need?
If certainty appeared with the choice of insulation, the question will inevitably arise - and which thickness of thermal insulation should be made to ensure comfortable conditions in the attic room. It will be necessary to make a small calculation, and in this a convenient online calculator will help us.
The calculation is not particularly complicated. The algorithm is based on the fact that the thermal insulation system created must create a total resistance to heat transfer non-mea than established by the norms for a particular region, taking into account its climatic features. You can learn normalized thermal resistance by the accompanying map scheme. Please note - in this case you are interested in red numbers - for coatings. This figure in Troika is always the biggest.
The second value required for the calculation is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation material. The performance of these calculator has already been made to the calculator database. coefficients for insulation, about which There was a speech in this publication.
If desired, you can also take into account the lining of the attic room, if it is solid. Such material materials also have certain thermal insulation qualities. And it can give although not very large, but still a decrease in the required thickness of the insulation. However, this item is optional, and if the trim is taken into the calculation, it will not be possible - just leave the value of its default thickness - 0 mm.
The final result will be shown in millimeters. It will only be left to lead to the standard thicknesses of the selected insulation, with rounding to the biggest side. For example, it turned out 132 mm. You can apply a two-layer insulation with plates with a thickness of 100 and 40 mm, or use the plates with a thickness of 150 mm. Here you can already choose for reasons of the efficiency of one or another possible option and on the planned scheme of installation of insulation.
A global trend towards economical expenditure of natural resources dictates new energy saving standards. New types of thermal insulation are being developed, which make it possible to significantly reduce the consumption of energy carriers during the cold season. Consumers can only choose the appropriate insulation.
What thermal insulation is better
Definitely answer this question will not work, because each material has its advantages and disadvantages. Lightly popularity today enjoy fibrous insulation and rigid plates of extruded polystyrene foam. It makes sense to compare the materials of these two groups.
What a heater is better: foam or mineral wool
The foam is the rigid plates of various sizes and thicknesses, which are often used to insulate the foundations, walls, overlaps. Polyfoam consists of a plurality of air bubbles, therefore has a minimal thermal conductivity coefficient. It is resistant to rotting, practically does not absorb moisture, does not destroy when the temperature drops.
Minvatu is obtained by stretching fibers from molten rocks. The material is produced in the form of mats or plates, has a fibrous structure, is characterized by resistance to extreme heating. In addition, mineral fibers do not rot and do not rust, they do not eat rodents and insects. Watts are often used for outdoor insulation baths, saunas, walls of houses.
| Comparison of foam and mineral wool | ||
|
Parameter |
Styrofoam |
Mineral wool |
|
Compression strength, MPa |
||
|
Bending strength, MPa |
||
|
Moisture absorption,% |
||
|
Attitude to fire |
||
What is better: basalt insulation or minvat
There is no answer to this question, because both material is the same thing. The mats obtained by pressing the basalt fibers, slag, various rocks, are called mineral wool. And the concept of "basalt" refers only to one type of insulation of this group and denotes the name of the mineral from which it is produced.
Polystyrene foam or basalt wool
Extruded expanded polystyrene is essentially the same foam, but sold under different trade names and produced by more modern technologies. It is also worth understanding that between those species of foam, which were produced earlier, and new materials, there is still a difference. The technical and operational characteristics of the slabs over time managed to improve, and the main disadvantages are smoothed. Their main advantage is the possibility of operation with constant contact with groundwater and in conditions of high humidity.
| Comparison of extruded polystyrene and basalt wool | ||
|
Parameter |
EPPS (XPS) |
Basalt Wat. |
|
Compression strength, MPa |
||
|
Bending strength, MPa |
||
|
The coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / (MHK) |
||
|
Moisture absorption,% |
||
|
Attitude to fire |
Does not support combustion, but it allocates caustic smoke |
|
|
Parry permeability coefficient, mg / (m * h * pa) |
||
|
Maximum heating temperature, ° С |
||
Basalt Wool or Glasswater
Both materials refer to one group, but in the first case, basalt acts as the initial raw material, and in the second glass. Modern glass gamble is no longer chosen and dust when used, it is flexible and elastic, so it is often used to insulate the structures of complex shape. Basalt mats are thicker and heavy, but they settle much more slowly and with high-quality vaporizolation are considered almost eternal.
| Comparison of glass gambles and basalt wool | ||
|
Parameter |
Glasswater |
Basalt Wat. |
|
Compression strength, MPa |
||
|
Bending strength, MPa |
||
|
The coefficient of thermal conductivity, W / (M * K) |
||
|
Moisture absorption with partial immersion,% |
||
|
Attitude to fire |
||
|
Parry permeability coefficient, mg / (m * h * pa) |
||
|
Maximum heating temperature, ° С |
||
Polyfoam or extruded polystyrene foam
It is also difficult to compare here, as in the case of basalt wool and minvati. Materials are similar in structure. The extruded polystyrene foam is obtained by extrusion, so it is more durable, solid and hard than foam. In addition, many manufacturers introduce anti-epires and substances that scare rodents.
The selection of insulation for wooden houses, they can be insulated the house outside, and some even inside the house. What types are suitable for a skeleton house? What is the best, consider their characteristics in this article! Correctly spent will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.
When it is competent, then under her "protection" not only in winter in the house will be warmer, but also in the summer noticeably cool.
Installation of the insulation will create a comfortable microclimate in the room of any destination - in a residential building, office or in the manufacturing workshop.
In addition, heat saving is the obvious economy of finance. It is quite unreasonable to dump the street despite the fact that technologies used today provide the opportunity to make energy resources saving already at the initial stage of construction work. Most of all in the use of insulation, those parts of the building are needed, which are more adjacent to the external environment - and.
The material produced by this method has excellent, besides, it is not a fuel, and therefore does not pose a hazard in fire. But the huge part of the wonderful qualities of the insulation may be irretrievably lost during its wet. This should be considered.
Stone wool
Stone Vata. This fibrous material that comes on sale in the form of rolls and portion plates, and having an extremely low thermal conductivity.
The highest quality product is made from rocks called gabbro-basalt. This non-combustible material is equal to successful in the construction of private facilities and the construction of various production. A wide range of use is also explained by the possibility of its use with extremely high t, reaching an indicator of one thousand degrees.
Complete immunity of insulation to fire is complemented by its excellent resistance to humidity. This is a hydrophobic material whose feature is that it does not absorb water, but repels it.
This ensures that the insulation will still be dry even after a long period of time. This, in turn, will allow it to maintain its high performance. The unique properties of basalt wool make it possible to use it even in boiler rooms, baths and saunas, where large humidity are combined, and high temperature. The strength in this case is not directly dependent on the density of the material.
This is a rather soft material with a sufficient margin of strength. Its structural stability is due to the special location of the individual components of the fibers - chaotic and vertical. The material is characterized by high anti-corrosion properties.
It can be quite peacefully adjacent to concrete and metal, without the occurrence of various kinds of chemical reactions. High biological stability ensures that it is immunity to various biological pests: damage insects and rodents, the emergence of fungal diseases,
Basalt insulation test test, and organic insulation burned Basalt breed is the main raw material for the production of this type of wool. The treatment of formaldehyde resins gives the material to the sufficient level of strength, and the modern technologies used in this case guarantee the complete elimination of harmful phenols at the stage of production.
The final product falling towards the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.
It is actively used for the insulation of floors of residential and industrial premises, for thermal insulation of the roof and facades, including as an outdoor insulation.
It has found wide use of indoors with extreme indicators of humidity and temperature. The best basalt insulation, stone wool made from rocks - a guarantee of high-quality for a long time.
Glass wool
The missing 7% comes to the share of specially added flames. The insulation fibers contain lignin, with increasing humidity done by sticky. All the elements are incoming non-toxic, absolutely not volatile and harmless to health. Cellulose insulation is not combustible, rotting processes, has excellent sound insulation and thermal insulation indicators.
It can hold approximately 20% of humidity, while maintaining their working quality. The material gives moisture outside and quickly dries, keeping all its operational qualities. The disadvantage of EcoWats can be considered the difficulty of its manual application to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging the "floating gender" due to its inherent softness.